2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十四）

这是一份2021年高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十四），共33页。

A(2017·河南开封质检)Gwendlyn Brks was the first African American t win a Pulitzer Prize fr Petry.Gwendlyn Brks wrte hundreds f pems during her lifetime.She was knwn arund the wrld fr using petry t increase understanding abut black culture in America.
题型突破(十四)　 文章结构之写作手法题
Her pems described cnditins amng the pr，racial inequality and drug use in the black cmmunity.She als wrte pems abut the struggles f black wmen.But her skill was mre than her ability t write abut struggling black peple.She was an expert at the language f petry.She cmbined traditinal Eurpean petry styles with the African American experience.In her early petry，Gwendlyn Brks wrte abut the Suth Side f Chicag.The Suth Side f Chicag is where many black peple live.In her pems，the Suth Side is called Brnzeville.It was A Street in Brnzeville that gained the attentin f literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her petic skill and her pwerful descriptins f the black experience during the time.The Brnzeville pems were her first published cllectin.
In 1950，Gwendlyn Brks became the first African American t win the Pulitzer Prize fr Petry.She wn the prize fr her secnd bk f pems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a cllectin f petry abut the life f a Brnzeville girl as a daughter，a wife and mther.She experiences lneliness，lss，death and being pr.Ms Brks said that winning the prize changed her life.Her next wrk was a nvel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little ntice when it was first published.But nw it is cnsidered an imprtant wrk by sme critics.Its main ideas abut the difficult life f many wmen are ppular amng female writers tday.
In sme f her pems，Gwendlyn Brks described hw what peple see in life is affected by wh they are.One example is this pem，Crners n the Curing Sky.By the end f the 1960s，Gwendlyn Brks’s petry expanded frm the everyday experiences f peple in Brnzeville.She wrte abut a wider wrld and dealt with imprtant plitical issues.语篇解读　文章介绍了普利策诗歌奖的第一位非裔美国人得主——女诗人格温德琳·布鲁克斯的作品成就和作品风格。
1.What des the text mainly talk abut?A.The life f Gwendlyn pems f Gwendlyn understanding abut black struggles f black wmen.
解析　主旨大意题。文章向我们介绍了著名女诗人布鲁克斯的诗歌风格及作品特点。故B项最为恰当。
2.What can we learn abut Gwendlyn Brks frm the secnd paragraph?A.She mainly wrte abut the struggles f black was gd at using the language f writing skills were a little wrse than her pems were mainly abut the African experience.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“She was an expert at the language f petry.”可知，她是诗歌语言运用方面的专家，即她擅长运用诗歌语言。故选B项。
3.The authr develps the passage mainly by examplesB.using statisticsC.cmparing pininsD.describing her experiences
解析　写作手法题。文章介绍的是诗人的诗歌成就及特点，根据文中的A Street in Brnzeville，Annie Allen，Maud Martha，Crners n the Curing Sky等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。故选A项。
4.In the next part，the authr wuld mst prbably talk abut difficulties Gwendlyn Brks wuld meetB.the pems related t plitical issuesC.the awards Gwendlyn Brks gainedD.the racial inequality the black had t face
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She wrte abut a wider wrld and dealt with imprtant plitical issues.”可知，20世纪60年代末，她的诗歌内容从人们的日常经历扩展到更宽的领域，开始涉及重要的政治问题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。
B(2017·黑龙江哈尔滨六中期末)Being physically active three times a week reduces the dds f being depressed by abut 16%，accrding t new UCL research carried ut as part f the Public Health Research Center.The study，published in JAMA Psychiatry，fund a tw-way relatinship between depressin and physical activity.Peple wh increased their weekly activity reprted fewer depressive symptms but thse with mre depressive symptms were less active，particularly at yunger ages.
Researchers fllwed 11,135 peple brn in 1958 up until the age f 50，recrding depressive symptms and levels f physical activity at regular intervals in adulthd.They fund that each additinal activity perid per week reduced dds f depressin by 6%.In England 19% f men and 26% f wmen are currently classed as “inactive”，and this study suggests that activity culd significantly imprve their mental as well as physical health.“Assuming the assciatin is causal，physical activity has a prtective effect against depressin.If an adult between their twenties and frties wh isn’t physically active became active 3 times per week，they wuld reduce their risks f depressin by abut 16%，” says Dr Snehal f the UCL Institute f Child Health，lead authr f the study.
Prfessr Mark，directr f the Public Health Research Center，said，“Many peple are already aware f the benefits f physical activity n their general health，but nw we are seeing mre evidence that suggest it als has a psitive effect n a persn’s mental well-being.The latest research highlights just hw imprtant it is t ensure that peple are wrking and living in envirnments that allw them t be bth physically active and mentally healthy.”语篇解读　研究表明，随着每周锻炼身体次数的增加，人们患上抑郁症的风险会降低。
5.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?A.T tell us a fun stry abut hw t prtect us against intrduce a research n the link between activity and persuade readers t increase their weekly describe the disadvantages f physical activity.
解析　写作意图题。本文主要介绍了一项科学研究成果，该成果表明每周锻炼身体次数的增加可以降低人们患上抑郁症的风险。所以作者的写作目的是劝人们多锻炼。故选C。
6.Accrding t the secnd paragraph，if peple increase their weekly activity， depressive symptms will be fewerB.their depressive symptms will be mreC.they will becme much yungerD.they will becme mre depressive
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Peple wh increased their weekly activity reprted fewer depressive symptms...”可知，如果人们增加他们每周锻炼的次数，就会减少抑郁症的发生。故选A。
7.Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?A.Dr Snehal thinks it imprtant t be bth physically and mentally research shws men are mre active in physical activities than wh insist n physical activity will reduce depressin physical activities can free peple frm depressin in a way.
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the dds f being depressed by abut 16%...”可知，增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选D。
8.The authr shws his view mainly by researchB.cmparing and cntrastingC.trying n himselfD.discussing and summarizing
解析　写作手法题。本文通过对比锻炼身体的次数与患上抑郁症风险的概率，表明了增加身体锻炼的次数，在某种程度上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选B。
C(2017·陕西西安铁一中学三模)It has always been thught that alchl causes peple t put n weight because it cntains a lt f sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day culd frm part f a diet.Lking at past studies they fund that，while heavy drinkers d put n weight，thse wh drink in mderatin can actually lse weight.
A spkesman fr the research team at Navarr University in Spain says，“Light t mderate alchl intake，especially f wine，may be mre likely t prtect against，rather than prmte，weight gain.” The Internatinal Scientific Frum n Alchl research reviewed the findings and agreed with mst f the cnclusins，particularly that data d nt clearly indicate if mderate drinking increases weight.
Bstn University’s Dr Harvey Finkel fund that the bilgic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alchl t changes in bdy weight are nt prperly understd.His team pinted ut the strng prtective effects f mderate drinking n the risk f getting cnditins like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate t increasing besity.Sme studies suggest that even very bese peple may be at lwer risk f diabetes if they are mderate drinkers.
The grup says alchl prvides calries that are quickly absrbed int the bdy and are nt stred in fat，and that this prcess culd explain the differences in its effects frm thse f ther fds.They agree that future research shuld be directed twards assessing the rles f different types f alchlic drinks，taking int cnsideratin drinking patterns and including the past tendency f participants t gain weight.
Fr nw there is little evidence that cnsuming small t mderate amunts f alchl n a regular basis increases ne’s risk f becming bese.What’s mre，a study three years ag suggested that resveratrl，a cmpund present in grapes and red wine destrys fat cells.语篇解读　研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适量饮酒的人并不会发胖，反而会减肥，并且不会患上糖尿病。
9.The passage is mainly fr thse prduce wineB.wh have a drinking habitC.wh g n a dietD.wh are eager t lse weight
解析　写作对象题。根据文章第一段可知，研究发现酒也可能成为人们饮食的一部分，适当的饮酒反而会使人减肥。全文都在叙述与之有关的研究，那么本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。
10.Hw des the writer clarify his view at the very beginning?A.By qutatin. B.By questin. D.By statement.
解析　写作手法题。根据第一段第二句“Lking at past studies they fund that，while heavy drinkers d put n weight，thse wh drink in mderatin can actually lse weight.”可知，尽管酗酒的确可以增加体重，但是那些适量饮酒的人实际上会减肥。根据连词while可知上下文存在对比关系。故选B。
11.What can we learn frm the passage?A.Current data clearly shw that mderate drinking increases is prved t increase the risk f becming research fund mderate drinking has a strng prtective specific rles f different types f alchlic drinks are very clear.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“His team pinted ut the strng prtective effects f mderate drinking n the risk f getting cnditins like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate t increasing besity.”可知，适量饮酒有保护作用。故选C。
12.What is mst likely t be discussed in the paragraph that fllws?A.Hw t d sme easy t reduce the calries cntained in t prve the finding mentined t make wine in a healthy way.
解析　篇章结构题。根据文章最后一句“What’s mre，a study three years ag suggested that resveratrl，a cmpund present in grapes and red wine destrys fat cells.”可知，一项研究表明葡萄和红酒中存在的白藜芦醇(resveratrl)实际上可以破坏肥胖细胞，那么接下来就应该证明这一理论的正确性。故选C。
D(2017·福建泉州一模)We knw a lt abut the advantages and disadvantages f reading a hard-cpy bk vs reading electrnically.The prblem is，many f us refuse t listen.Dn’t get me wrng：Digital reading has sme real advantages.Ask peple what they like mst abut reading n digital screens，and yu will hear ver and ver again abut the cnvenience.Mre pints fr digital reading：E-bks tend t be cheaper.There’s als the envirnmental argument.Think f the trees!
Yet the sundness f this case is arguable.The earth metals t build e-readers are nt just rare but highly pisnus.And think abut all that energy needed t run servers and cling fans.And remember，trees are a renewable resurce.Then，there’s the appeal f a hard cpy.Many peple prefer print when reading bth fr pleasure and fr schl r wrk.Drawing examples frm my wn research，sme f the reasns are aesthetic(美学的).Others invlve a sense f accmplishment，ease f anntatin (“I can write n the pages”)，and navigatin (“easy t lcate where I was”).Meanwhile，I hear abundant cmplaints abut eye strain(干涩) and headaches when using screens.
Much f what students liked abut reading print invlved their minds.They say “it’s easier t fcus”.Sme als acknwledged they tk mre time with printed text and read mre carefully.But what makes the failure f electrnic reading is cncentratin.Mre than 92 percent f thse I surveyed said they cncentrate best when reading a hard cpy.When a digital device has an Internet cnnectin，it’s hard t resist the temptatin(诱惑).
S if digital interruptins dn’t threaten yur enjyment r understanding f a text，then medium may nt matter.Casual reading like David Baldacci? If yu break t check sprts scres，little harm dne.But just dn’t expect t understand Jyce’s nvels this way.语篇解读　文章分析了阅读纸质书和阅读电子书的优缺点，鼓励人们更多地阅读纸质书。
13.What is an advantage f reading a hard-cpy bk?A.It is is easier t carry helps peple think prvides instant infrmatin.解析　推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，学生们喜欢阅读纸质书主要是因为他们“更容易专注”。一些学生也承认他们会花更多的时间阅读纸质课文并且阅读得更仔细。所以阅读纸质书的优点是帮助人们更深刻地思考。故选C。
14.What’s the biggest prblem f reading digitally?A.Envirnmental cnnectin.解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“But what makes the failure f electrnic reading is cncentratin.”可知，电子阅读的最大问题是专注。故选C。
15.Hw is the passage mainly develped?A.By analyzing pssible prviding typical listing practical presenting direct cmparisns.
解析　写作手法题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过比较阅读纸质书和阅读电子书的优缺点展开阐述，可知正确答案是D。