全国版2022版高考英语大一轮备考复习第三部分高考题型突破题型二七选五课件

这是一份全国版2022版高考英语大一轮备考复习第三部分高考题型突破题型二七选五课件，共49页。PPT课件主要包含了高考帮·备考方向导航， 考情解读，命题分析预测，聚焦核心素养， 析考情·题型突破，考法帮·解题能力提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。

析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究考法帮·解题能力提升
考法1 考查篇章结构考法2 考查上下文的逻辑关系考法3 考查行文的连贯性考法4 考查段落主旨
1.题材以说明文为主,语篇模式较为固定,即Intrductin(引出话题)—Bdy(对该话题从不同方面展开说明)—Summary/Cnclusin(结尾总结)。文章选材与考生的日常学习、生活密切相关。2.命题形式包括阐释句、细节支撑句、衔接过渡句、主旨概括句等,主要考查篇章结构、行文逻辑、段落主旨和上下文的过渡衔接。
七选五主要围绕考生的语言能力、思维品质和阅读素养进行考查,考查考生从宏观角度整体把握语篇、深入理解文意的能力,侧重对思辨能力的考查。
析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究
析考情 · 题型突破
一 考情概况 该题型要求从短文后给出的七个选项(多数为完整的句子)中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体理解以及对语篇结构和行文逻辑的把握。选材通常以说明文为主,间或出现记叙文和议论文。所选短文的词数约300(选项词数为40—90)。空处可能在段首、段中或段末,也可能是段落标题。近几年,高考试题逐渐减少了对段落标题的考查,使得试题的难度有所增加。但总的来说,试题难度适中,稳中有变,突出考查考生的逻辑思维能力。 研究近几年试题可知,七选五要求考生不仅要具备语篇和词汇知识,
还要具备分析、归纳等能力。试题中主旨句一般考查1—2个,细节句1—3个,衔接过渡句1—2个。所选材料话题新颖,贴近考生生活,具有浓厚的时代气息。二 命题特点　　设空类型一般可分为细节句(上下文逻辑意义)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和主旨概括句(主题句、段落标题)三类:1.细节句通常出现在段中,考查的是段落内部句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。2.衔接过渡句通常出现在首段的结尾或段落中间。3.主旨概括句的设空位置一般在段首,对段落主题句进行考查。有时也
会考查文章主旨句,文章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。三 解题步骤1.通读全文,掌握大意,初识庐山真面目 在阅读过程中,要注意文章的首段与末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因为"开门见山"与"结尾总结"的写作方式较为常见。首段的末句通常是主题句,引出本文将探讨的内容,并简要点明文章的写作思路。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义,如果它是文章的主题句,就能让读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有整体的了解。如果首段的末句不是主题句,则要继续寻找。这时,我们可以考虑文章的写作方式可能是"结尾总结"式,如两者均可排除,则可以在
文章其他段落中寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2.详读段落,敲定关键词,把握段落主旨 文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会围绕整篇文章的写作主题来展开,对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为解答段落主旨类试题做好铺垫。3.利用写作线索,分析上下文语境,敲定选项 在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选的选项放入空格处,看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索,使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都能通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的。文章的写作线索与思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体,因此在定位选项时,尤其要注意文章的写作线索与思路。如果放入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项。4.代入已敲定选项,通读复检,确定答案 在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语意是否连贯、合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否连贯、是否具有一致性并合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的选项是否正确。同时,考生还应对相近选项进行对比分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时考生应认真分析、仔细甄别、排除干扰,从而选出正确答案。
Passage 1　[2020全国Ⅰ]高考真题 A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance　　We all want accept and lve urselves.But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. 　36　 Here's a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin. 　　●　37　 D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh.Why d yu fllw them?Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better
链高考 · 真题探究
than theirs?Knw that yur life is yur wn; yu are the nly yu in this wrld.  ●Frgive yurself fr mistakes that yu have made.We are ften ashamed f ur shrtcmings, ur mistakes and ur failures. 　38　 Yu will make mistakes, time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd have dne better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate(有同情心) respnse? "That didn't g as planned.But, I tried my best." 　　●Recgnize all f yur strengths.Write them dwn in a jurnal.Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre
weakness.List all f yur accmplishments and achievements.Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. 　39　  　　●Nw that yu've listed yur strengths, list yur imperfectins.Turn the page in yur jurnal.Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn't feel gd enugh.Nw, read these wrds back t yurself. 　40　 Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements.See hw awesme yu are? 
A. Feeling upset again?B. Where d yu start?C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.D. Remember, yu are nly human.E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.G. When des the cmparisn game start?
命题分析▶素养解读本文主要介绍了学会自我接纳的四个建议,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度,有助于考生认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我,成为全面发展的具有高素质的公民。▶试题分析挖空设置既有过渡句、主旨句,又有细节句,设计合理,分布均匀。选项设置没有半句。
庖丁解牛▶重难词汇empwer vt. 增加(某人的)自主权;授权 imperfectin n.缺点;瑕疵▶词块积累a handful f少数,几个 be ashamed f 因……感到羞愧time and time again 一再,总是 get caught up in陷入; 被卷入as planned按照计划
▶难句突破句式分析:句中含有rather than(而不是)短语,介词in之后是hw引导的宾语从句。句意:与其纠结于你本可以怎样做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢?
解题思路36.B　考查过渡句。由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己,但有时似乎太困难,太遥不可及。空后一句"Here's a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin"表示下文是介绍了一些方法,由此可知,B项"你从哪里开始呢"是对前句提出问题,并过渡到下文提供四个解决问题的办法,符合逻辑。37.F　考查主旨句。作者在本段提出不要效仿他人,因为"yur life is better than theirs" "yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld",由此可知,F项(停止与他人作比较)符合语境。38.D　考查细节句。由本段第一句可知,本段讲的是原谅自己所犯的错。
由空后一句"你会一次又一次地犯错"可知,空处应是为犯错误作出的解释,故D项 (记住,你只是人) 符合语境。39.C　考查细节句。本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出自己的成就。由空前一句"Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday"可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C项中的"small"和" celebrate"分别对应空前的"gt ut f bed tday"和"accmplishments and achievements"。故选 C。40.A　考查过渡句。根据空前的"list yur imperfectins" "read these wrds back t yurself",再结合空后内容可知,阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,故A项符合语境。
Passage 2　[2019全国Ⅰ]高考真题 Is Fresh Air Really Gd fr Yu?　　We all grew up hearing peple tell us t "g ut and get sme fresh air."　36　 Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in yur camping area is gd. 　　　37　 If the air yu're breathing is clean — which it wuld be if yu're away frm the smg f cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen. If yu exercise ut f drs, yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre
xygen t get t yur muscles(肌肉) and yur brain.  Recently, peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing (治愈). 　38　 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green, grwing things can reduce stress, lwer bld pressure, and put peple int a better md (情绪). Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 　39　 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
　40　 While the sun's rays can age and harm ur skin, they als give us beneficial Vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D — but still prtect yur skin — put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking, and that's plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day's wrth f Vitamin D. 
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.B. S what are yu waiting fr?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate fresh air with health care.G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
命题分析▶素养解读本文介绍了呼吸新鲜空气,接近大自然有益身心健康,将健康观念和意识传递给考生,引导考生健康生活。该语篇结构性较强,主要考查考生分析和把握语篇上下文逻辑关系和意义的能力,很好地考查了考生的语言能力和思维品质。▶试题新变化选项设置没有沿袭2018年全国Ⅰ"三个半句+四个整句"的模式,而是回归七个整句的设题模式,打破了人们的猜题定式。
庖丁解牛▶熟词生义age 常见义:n. 年龄;时代 本文义:v. 使变老▶词块积累turn ut结果是,证明是 put sb. int a better md使某人的情绪好转
▶难句突破句式分析:句首为If引导的条件状语从句,第二个if引导的从句在which引导的定语从句中作条件状语。主句为"then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen"。句意:如果你远离城市的雾霾,你呼吸的空气就会是清新的,空气里满是赋予生命的、使人充满活力的氧气。
解题思路36.E　考查过渡句。上句提到人们告诉我们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气,下句中的关键信息"the answer is a big YES"是对某个问题作出的回答,由此可判断空处应是一个一般疑问句,故E项"But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?"符合语境。37.A　考查主旨句。通读此段可知,呼吸清新的室外空气使身体受益。因此A项"新鲜空气清洁我们的肺"符合语境。38.G　考查细节句。上句提到人们已经开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系,G项"在全国范围内,康复中心已经开始建设康复花园"是对上句的
延伸,且下句中的"these places"指代的就是G项中的"Healing Gardens"。我们可以根据意义和词语指代这两个方面来解此题。39.C　考查细节句。前文提到"Greenery is gd fr us",C项解释了绿色植物对人有益,且与下句"It gives us a great feeling f peace"在意思上衔接。40.D　考查主旨句。本段陈述了阳光对人体的好处,因此段落主题句应为D项"呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光"。
命题透视 近年的高考命题已经由"知识立意""能力立意"转向"素养立意"。高考不仅考查考生的语言能力,而且考查考生的交际素养、学习能力和思辨能力。把握篇章结构和整体理解语篇是抓住文章主旨大意的重要方法,因此命题人把考查考生对篇章结构的把握能力作为重要的命题方向。方法点拨 不同的英语文体有着不同的语篇结构、写作目的和语言特点。掌握各种英语文体的篇章结构特点是解题的常用方法。高考阅读理解七选五通常为说明文,其常见篇章结构有"总—分"和"总—分—总"两种形式。无论哪种形式,一般第一部分为导语段,旨在把读者的注意力
考法1 考查篇章结构
引到即将讨论的话题上,第一段通常含有主题句,暗示下文的内容;第二部分作者从不同方面对某个问题展开论述;第三部分是结论段,针对前文的内容进行总结,或得出结论。在解题过程中,考生如果认真阅读短文,把握篇章结构,找到段落之间的关系,就能锁定解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。 1 [2018全国Ⅰ]Clr is fundamental in hme design — smething yu'll always have in every rm. A grasp f hw t manage clr in yur spaces is ne f the first steps t creating rms yu'll lve t live in. D yu want a rm that's full f life? Prfessinal? Or are yu just lking fr a place t relax after a
lng day? 　36　, clr is the key t making a rm feel the way yu want it t feel. Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. 37　, they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there're really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes. 　 　38　. They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive
than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable.  Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. 　39　. They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.  The large clr decisins in yur rms cncern the walls, ceilings, and flrs. Whether yu're lking at wallpaper r paint, the time, effrt and relative expense put int it are significant. 　40　.
A. While all f them are usefulB. Whatever yu're lking frC. If yu're experimenting with a clrD. Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar withE. It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr piecesF. S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first timeG. Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
解析 38.从空处所在位置可以看出,空处为段落主题句。分析本文的篇章结构可知,本文为"总—分"结构。前两段为总述,第一段引出本文话题"房屋装饰中颜色的作用",第二段最后一句是主题句,引出下文关于对三种颜色的使用的说明。基于对本文篇章结构的把握,再结合第四段开头"Medium clr chices"和第五段开头"The large clr decisins",我们可以推断出,第三段应是说明小件物品颜色的选择(small clr chices)。由此可知,第38题应选D。答案 BADGF
命题透视 阅读理解七选五的命题点除了关注语篇层面,还重点关注段内层次,即句际关系,这些句际关系是语意连贯不可或缺的逻辑关系。上下文的逻辑关系是历年阅读理解七选五试题的必考点,也是广大考生掌握不好、容易丢分的地方,因此应认真对待。方法点拨 一般来说,英语文章的逻辑性非常强。逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,能表明句子之间、段落之间逻辑关系的衔接性词语有以下几种:因果关系:s, therefre, thus, hence, accrdingly, cnsequently, as a result等。
考法2 考查上下文的逻辑关系
条件关系:as/s lng as, n cnditin that, if, unless等。并列关系:and, r, als, as well as, 等。顺序关系:first(ly), secnd(ly), third(ly)...; first, next, then...; in the first place, in the secnd place...等。转折关系:hwever, nevertheless, still, thugh, yet, therwise等。对比关系:n the cntrary, by cntrast, in/by cmparisn, cnversely等。层递关系:als, further, furthermre, even, besides, mrever, in additin, what's mre等。列举关系:fr example, fr instance等。
考生在解题过程中抓住这些逻辑关系线索词,就能掌握解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。 2 (文本见典例1)解析 36.空前的"D yu want a rm that's full f life? Prfessinal? Or are yu just lking fr a place t relax after a lng day?" 提出了三种不同的房间风格,空处应是对上文问题作出回应,B项"Whatever yu're lking fr"符合语境,且本句与空后的内容构成让步关系,句意为"无论你想要什么风格,要把房间装成你想要的样子,颜色都是关键所在"。故选B。
命题透视 随着英语学科核心素养在教学中的逐步落实,高考试题逐步加大对考生思维品质的考查力度。对阅读理解七选五试题来说,主要考查语篇的衔接和连贯性,命题人通常从语法角度(如替代)、词汇角度(如复现)、语篇的语义关联角度等进行命题。方法点拨 为了使行文连贯和流畅,作者通常使用不同的衔接手段,例如:词汇衔接、逻辑衔接和结构衔接。一般来说,阅读理解七选五中的正确选项与文中空白处的前后句存在着词汇的复现关系,它们之间的语义衔接关系表现为词汇复现、上下义词、并列句和对比句等。解题时,我们应从关注语言的连贯性、词汇衔接和结构衔接入手,从而找到突破口。
考法3 考查行文的连贯性
3 [2020 浙江]I experienced years f lneliness as a child. 　 31　 His friends teased him abut babysitting his sister and his interests were far different frm mine. With n ther kids f my age in the neighbrhd, I had t spend hurs by myself.  A bright spt fr me turned ut t be reading.My lve f the written wrd began early as my mther read t me every evening. 　32　 I started reading bks n my wn befre age 5 and my mther tk me t the public library nce a week t brrw several bks.I quickly graduated frm typical children's  
bks t nes with fewer pictures and lnger chapters.Reading pened new wrlds t me. 　33 　 My mther als encuraged me t make what I wanted.I tried making ty cars with cardbard bxes and cnstructing buildings frm leftver cardbard and bits f wd my father gave me.When my mther saw my creatins, she tld me hw creative my designs were. 　34　 I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful.It was a trait(特点) thers fund helpful, and I sn had friends wh wanted t make things with me. 
　 35　 My parents made it a pint fr their tw kids t spend time utside, n matter the weather r seasn.My brther, f curse, raced ff t be with his friends, while I had plenty t d myself.There was making leaf huses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and s much mre.They're all memries I treasure tday.
A. I wasn't alne any lnger.B. I enjyed reading stries alud.C. I was invited t play with anther kid.D. I lved the clrful phtgraphs in the bks.E. Anther habit I frmed early was being utdrs.F. Thus, I began my lifelng interest in making things.G. My lder brther culdn't be bthered t play with me.
解析 31.结合空前的"years f lneliness"和空后的"His friends teased him abut babysitting his sister"可知,我哥哥不愿意跟我玩,故选G项。 方法总结　　　　　 代词线索法　　代词可以指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的词、短语、句子,在英语表达中出现的频率极高。巧妙利用代词的指代关系和代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 如上面第31题,根据空格后一句中的代词"His"可推断出,空格处应出现其指代的名词,故考生可将该空答案锁定在C项(anther kid)和G项(My lder brther)之间,再根据空格前后的语境可知,此处讲的是我小时候哥哥不愿意跟我玩,从而确定答案。
35.结合下文的"t spend time utside"及本段内容可知,该段主要讲述了我的另一个习惯"待在户外",故选E项。方法总结　　　　　词语复现法　　复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词语复现主要包括同义复现、近义复现、反义复现等。　　如上面第35题,空处为段落的主旨句,该段讲述了作者的另一个习惯,E项中的"being utdrs"与下文的"t spend time utside"为近义表达,属于近义复现。答案 GDAFE