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全国版2021版高考英语大一轮备考复习第三部分高考题型突破题型三完形填空课件
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这是一份全国版2021版高考英语大一轮备考复习第三部分高考题型突破题型三完形填空课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了高考帮·备考方向导航， 考情解读，命题分析预测，聚焦核心素养， 析考情·题型突破，庖丁解牛▶语篇结构，考法帮·解题能力提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
题型三 完形填空
【第三部分 高考题型突破】
高考帮·备考方向导航
析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究考法帮·解题能力提升
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
考情解读
命题分析预测
1.选材——语篇主要围绕"人与自我"和"人与社会"两大主题,大多涉及生活哲理、人文关怀等,话题贴近考生生活,传递积极向上的精神。"人与自然"主题语境的语篇近两年也有所体现,主要涉及保护环境,倡导环保意识。2.考查点——以考查实词为主,其中动词、名词居多,其次是形容词、副词,而对介词、连词、代词等的考查相对较少。3.考查角度——侧重考查考生对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解能力;对上下文或句子之间逻辑关系的把握和理解能力;对句子结构和意义的把握和理解能力。
聚焦核心素养
在基于素养命题立意及导向的高考试题中,完形填空对考生的语言能力、学习能力以及文化意识的考查要求逐步加强,着重考查考生在语篇阅读的基础上,选择合适词语的能力,以及结合词汇、语法、生活常识和跨文化意识进行逻辑推理和综合判断的能力,凸显对考生思维品质的考查。此外,对考生文化意识的考查力度也不断加大,突出对考生作为合格公民应具备的基本素质和核心价值的考查。
析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究
高考帮·备考方向导航
析考情 · 题型突破
一 题型特点 完形填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题,它要求考生不仅能理解语篇文意,而且能结合上下文进行逻辑推理。完形填空主要考查考生根据上下文正确使用词语的综合能力、阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。多年来,完形填空一直是考生失分较多的高难度试题。二 考查维度1.强调语篇阅读,考查考生整体理解文意、连贯思维、把握语境和进行逻辑推理的能力;2.多角度考查词汇知识,如基础词汇的活用、一词多义、熟词生义等;
3.考查驾驭英语句子、理解分析长难句的能力;4.侧重考查根据语境重建文章的能力,淡化对语法知识的考查。三 命题规律1.语篇类型:记叙文和夹叙夹议文是近几年高考完形填空的命题热点,说明文也偶有考查。2.题材:文章注重原汁原味,内容积极向上,贴近考生生活,大多涉及生活哲理、人文关怀等,融知识性、教育性和趣味性为一体,充分体现了高考的思想性和育人功能,也体现了普通高中英语课程的总目标。文章长度为240词左右。3.考点分布:所设题目以考查动词、名词、形容词和副词为主,兼顾代词、连词和介词。
4.选项设置:所设置选项的词性、词形一般都符合空处的语法要求,注重考查考生对句意的理解及对选项词义的辨析,也越来越注重考查考生在语篇理解的基础上对词汇的掌握能力。解题时考生需要认真通读全文,有效扫除语言障碍,理清文章脉络。5.设题层面:近几年的高考完形填空主要从五个层面设题。(1)从句子理解层面设题。这类题很常见,主要考查考生正确理解句子意思的能力,要求考生在理解句子意思的基础上,对选项作出正确的判断。(2)从语境理解层面设题。这类题所占比例最大,主要考查考生对上下文的理解能力,要求考生根据上下文判断该空应填的词语。
(3)从情境理解层面设题。这类设题主要考查考生对文中挖空句的情境的准确理解能力,要求考生根据具体的情境作出选择。(4)从逻辑理解层面设题。这类设题主要考查考生的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律,按照作者的思维、表达方式,对行文逻辑进行分析,作出选择。(5)从语篇理解层面设题。这类试题的难度较大,主要考查考生对文章中心、脉络、结构层次等的把握能力。要求考生整体理解文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而作出正确的选择。
四 语篇类型分类1.记叙文 记叙文类完形填空在高考中占了很大的比例。在此类完形填空中,作者通常会在文章首句或首段把事件的时间、地点、人物交代清楚,然后对这件事情的发生、发展和结果进行叙述。题材包括个人经历、励志故事等,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、当今科学的最新发展等方面。总体来讲,此类文章一般有以下两个特点:(1)情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出乎意料。近几年高考完形填空的文章不是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事,而是把对人物心理活动的描写融入文章的叙述中,结果往往出乎意料,这无疑就
增加了考生理解的难度。因此,考生解题时应理清故事发展的脉络,根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图,对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。(2)文章话题有亲切感,能引起考生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多反映了人际关系、当今科技发展对社会的影响等,这些是考生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此容易理解,没有陌生感。2.夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议类完形填空往往是高考中较难的、也是较容易失分的。所选文章一般富于哲理性,耐人寻味,可读性较强,考生可以从一件看似平淡的
小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理。 该文体在结构上采用"以叙为主、兼顾议论,叙议结合"或"先叙后议""边叙边议"的写作模式,其主旨是在记叙的基础上,通过议论的手段,说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。一般来说,文章记叙的内容积极向上,情节曲折动人,富有知识性和趣味性;文章的议论部分是记叙部分的升华,兼具教育性和启发性。 考生在做该类型的完形填空时,不但要理解文章的字面意思,还要挖掘文章的内涵。准确理解作者要说明的观点或阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类题的关键。
3.说明文 说明文类完形填空近几年较少涉及,但2019年全国Ⅲ卷的完形填空采用了说明文这一文体,因此,该文体也是考生需要掌握的类型,备考时需注意。说明文类完形填空一般具有以下特点:(1)开篇点题,目标明确。说明文分为说理型说明文与识物型说明文:说理型说明文主要介绍一种理论概念;识物型说明文主要介绍一种新兴或者大众比较陌生的物品。解答说明文类型的完形填空时,首先要弄清说明对象(一般在首句阐明),其次通读的时候需要弄清楚文章的说明方法以及思路,并在此基础上逐个击破。
(2)难度较大,结构严谨。说明文往往比较正式,表述准确严谨,句子较长,结构较为复杂。在解题时,分析句子结构、划分句子层次是关键,同时需要理清句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系及各句、段起到的作用,如解释说明、承上启下等。4.议论文 议论文类完形填空在近几年高考中很少涉及,但是议论文也是高考完形填空命题选材中的一种,备考时不容忽视。议论文类完形填空论点的提出方式一般有以下三种:
(1)开门见山式提出论点。作者在文章的开头就提出论点,然后通过具体的论据说明论点(论据有正面的,也有反面的),最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。作者先叙述生活中一件具体的事情或描述生活中的某种现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的见解,最后用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
(3)结尾式提出论点。作者一开始仅仅是列举生活中的现象,并不表明自己的观点,然后对具体现象进行分析,从而得出一个结论,而这个结论往往就是文章的论点。 解决议论文类完形填空时,要善于理清论点、论据和论证,"三论"结合验证答案,并且一定要注意上下文的逻辑关系,如果所选答案使文章前后矛盾,论据与论点不符,甚至论证与论点矛盾,那就说明考生对文章的脉络把握得不太准确,需要重新理顺文章的各个部分之间的关系,直到三者一致,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分之间的关系选出答案。千万不可在对文章逻辑关系一知半解的情况下随意选择。解题时,逻辑连接词的作用至关重要,可通过逻辑连接词判断上下文的关系。有时也会考查通过前后句的意义推断出逻辑连接词。
五 解题步骤1.通读全文,把握大意 先跳过空格,通读试题所给的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文文意。要在阅读短文、理解文意的基础上再开始作选择,切忌仓促下笔。2.综合考虑,初定答案 在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上下文内容,注意从上下文的语法结构和词语搭配及备选项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先;再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步确定答案。
3.瞻前顾后,先易后难 动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做简单、直接、自己最有把握的题,对于一下子不能确定答案的题,先跳过,继续往下做,最后再回过头来集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定的选项再读一遍短文,以加深对短文的理解进而提高做题的正确率。4.复读全文,逐空验证 完成各道题后,把所选的选项代入原文,再把全文通读一遍,逐空认真复查,看所选的选项能否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,语言表达是否符合习惯。如果发现错误或有疑问的选项,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、作出修正。
Cloze 1 [2020全国Ⅰ]语篇类型:夹叙夹议文 主题:家长是否应该对孩子撒谎 词数:224 难度:★★★ 建议时间:17分钟高考真题 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41 is obvious.If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it's 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
析考情·题型突破
链高考 · 真题探究
I hate lying to the kids.One day they'll 47 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 .I have a very strong 51 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings.I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the
opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, "What if it isn't a door?"That is, "What if it isn't a 57 opportunity?" Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, "No.We can't go outside now."Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 60 to open them and walk through.41.A. relief B. target C. reason D. case42.A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize43.A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44.A. result B. danger C. method D. truth45.A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly46.A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting47.A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out48.A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact49.A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers50.A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences51.A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt52.A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53.A. traditional B. important C. double D. original54.A. life B. time C. reply D. history55.A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of56.A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of57.A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited58.A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret59.A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept60.A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend
命题分析▶素养解读本文讲述了作者为了省事而向孩子撒谎的故事,并对自己的行为进行反思,进而有所感悟,引导考生学会思辨,辩证地看待生活中的问题,并在自我批判中获得对事物的认知和成长,有助于培养考生良好的思维品质。▶试题分析选项包含一定的星级词汇和派生词,加大了试题的难度;选项中词组设置较多,且近五年首次出现了对名词词组的考查。
庖丁解牛▶熟词生义①drive 常见义: vt. 开车,驾驶 本文义: vt. 驱使②wake up常见义:醒来,唤醒,弄醒 本文义: 意识到,明白▶词块积累do damage to对……造成伤害 What if...? 如果……怎么办?stare at 盯着,注视 win out (克服困难)终获成功 stand out突出,显眼
解题思路 作者在自己的双胞胎孩子刚学步时,为避免孩子总想通过玻璃滑门出去给其带来麻烦,刻意编造谎言告诉孩子那是窗户而不是门,而后作者反思自己,后悔对孩子说谎。窗户和门都有重要的比喻意义,作者害怕对孩子说了这样的谎言后,当孩子人生中的机会出现时,他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前。41.C 根据后两句可知,作者和妻子说谎的原因(reason)很明显。42.A 结合下文的"they'll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy"可推知,如果作者和妻子承认(admit)这是门,孩子们就会一直(constantly)想出去,这会使他们发疯的。
43.B 参见上题解析。gradually"逐渐地";temporarily"暂时地,临时地";casually"随意地,偶然地"。44.D 由空后的"But"并结合语境可知,此处表示孩子们显然知道真相(truth),即孩子们知道那是门而不是窗户,但还是会因为父母坚持声称那是窗户而产生犹豫,符合下文作者的联想。45.A 根据语境可知,作者及妻子坚持说那仅仅是(merely)一个窗户,这已经阻止了孩子们很多次试图(attempting)开门的请求。46.D 参见上题解析。47.C 根据空前一句中的"lying to the kids"和该句中的"discover"可知,有一天,他们会醒悟(wake up)过来,发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的
一切都是谎言(lie)。win out"(克服困难)终获成功";give up"放弃"; stand out"突出,显眼"。48.B 参见上题解析。dream"梦,梦想";fantasy"幻想,想象";fact"事实"。49.A 由第52空后的"our children"的提示可知,此处表示"我在想无论结果如何父母(parents)是否都应该告知孩子真相"。50.D 参见上题解析。consequence"结果"符合语境。restriction"限制规定,制约因素";explanation"解释,说明";difference"不同,分歧"。51.B 根据最后一段中的"Maybe it's an unreasonable fear"和语境可知,此处表示我感到强烈的恐惧(fear)。52.C 根据下文表述的"窗户和门都有重要的比喻意义,我害怕对孩子说
了这样的谎言后,当孩子人生中的机会出现时,他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前"可知,此处表示作者害怕自己所说的谎言正在对孩子造成精神上的(spiritual)伤害。physical"身体的,物质的";biological"生物的,生物学的";behavioral"行为的,举止的"。53.B 根据语境和常识可知,窗户和门都有重要的(important)比喻意义。54.A 根据常识可知,此处表示"倘若他们在以后的人生(life)中,来到一扇就像某种机会的比喻性的门前,他们会怎么样?"。55.D 根据下文中的"they just 56 it and wonder,‘What if it isn't a door?’"可知,他们仅仅是盯着(stare at)这扇门在犹豫而不是(instead of)打开门,抓住机会。by comparison with"与……相比";inaddition to"除了……";regardless of"不管"。
56.B 参见上题解析。57.A 根据上文作者把门比作机会可知,此处孩子们可能会对机会的真实性产生怀疑,"如果这不是一扇门呢?"也就是说"如果这不是一个真正的(real)机会呢?"。58.C 根据下文表述的作者应该接受要反复告诉孩子现在不能出去的情况可知,底线(bottom line)是作者不应该向孩子说谎。safety rule"安全守则";comfort zone"舒适区";top secret"最高机密"。59.D 参见上题解析。60.C 根据语境可知,如果不对孩子说这样的谎言,那么当他们来到人生的其他门前时,不管它们是真实的,还是比喻性的,他们会毫不犹豫地(hesitate)打开门走过去。
Cloze 2 [2019全国Ⅰ]语篇类型:夹叙夹议文 主题:保护乞力马扎罗山 词数:226 难度:★★★★ 建议时间:20分钟 高考真题 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I'm 44 about the place — other destinations are described as "purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49. The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000
meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41.A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring42.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters43.A. position B. age C. face D. name44.A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy45.A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate46.A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones47.A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean48.A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49.A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50.A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51.A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52.A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose53.A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54.A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to55.A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits56.A. match B. imagine C. count D. add57.A. village B. desert C. road D. lake58.A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally59.A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial60.A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
命题分析▶素养解读1.文章叙议结合,需要考生能够比较清晰地把握文章的行文逻辑,考查考生的思维品质。2.本文涉及基于新课标下"人与自然"主题范畴的环境保护的问题,引发考生深入思考,关注自然和生态,保护自然环境,探索人与自然和谐相处之道。▶材料出处改编自美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)2014年发表的一篇文章。
庖丁解牛▶语篇结构
▶熟词生义①face 常见义:n.脸,面部表情 本文义:n.某个地方的外观②pay off 常见义:付清(及物动词短语) 本文义:成功,奏效(不及物动词短语)
解题思路 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,讲述了乞力马扎罗山(Kilimanjaro)的环境污染以及坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局努力治理之后环境的改观,同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统,旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。41.D 根据首段第一句"Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro"和下文的"The 42 might damage the beauty of the place"可知,此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。bring"带来"符合语境。keep"保留";mix"混合";connect"连接"。 42.C 根据首段第一句中的"40,000 people"可知,此处指登山的人群可能破坏了这个地方的美景。crowd"人群"符合语境。story"故事";
building"建筑物";reporter"记者"。 43.C 根据上文的"damage the beauty of the place"和"The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing"可知,这里指冰川正在消失,改变了乞力马扎罗山的地貌。face"某个地方的外观"符合语境。 position"位置"; age"年龄,时代"; name"名称,名字"。44.B 上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏,我对这个地方持怀疑态度——其他的目的地被描述为"更纯净的"自然体验。silent"沉默的"; skeptical"怀疑的"; serious"严肃的";crazy"疯狂的"。45.A 根据下一句中的find和第三、四段的描述可知,不久,我就发现,自读到关于营地里有很多垃圾的令人不安的报道以来,情况已经发生了很
大变化。discover"发现";argue"争论";decide"决定";advocate"提倡,主张"。 46.C 根据下文的"with toilets at camps and along the paths"可知,此处指营地里有很多垃圾。camp"营地"符合语境。equipment"设备"; grass"草地";stone"石块"。47.D 上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化,此处指我发现了一座干净的山,营地和沿途都有厕所。remote"偏远的";quiet"安静的";tall"高的";clean"干净的"。48.C 由上文的"tons of rubbish"可知,此处指环境(面临)的挑战是巨大的。new"新的";special"特别的";significant"重大的,影响明显的";
necessary"必要的"。49.A 挑战虽大,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。pay off "奏效,成功",符合语境。spread out"伸展,散开";blow up"爆炸";fade away"逐渐消失"。50.B 根据第二段中的natural experience以及空后的"isn't reaching the top"可知,空处指登山的最好体验。atmosphere"气氛,大气"; experience"体验";experiment "实验";sight"视力,景象"。51.D 根据语境和常识可知,在许多文化中,山被认为是精神之所在。be regarded as为固定搭配,意为"被视为",符合语境。study"研究"; observe"观察,庆祝";explore"探索"。
52.A 在几千米的空间里,登山者穿过五个生态系统,这种观点(山被认为是精神之所在)在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。view"观点";quality"质量";reason"原因";purpose"目的"。53.B 此处指登山者。scientist"科学家";climber"登山者";local"当地人"; official"官员"。54.D 此处介绍乞力马扎罗山的植被情况:在乞力马扎罗山的不同海拔高度,生长着不同的植被。乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带雨林,它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断,取而代之的是低矮的植物。hold on to"抓紧";go back to"追溯到,回到";live up to"不辜负";give way to"被……代替"。
55.A 根据空后对天气状况的解释说明可知,此处指再往上走,天气变了——低垂的云笼罩着山坡,山坡上长满了茂密的草。change"变化"; clear"放晴";improve"改善,提高";permit"许可,允许"。 56.C 根据空后的内容可知,此处指从我站的地方,我数了数有十二种绿色。match"相配";imagine"想象";count"数……的数目";add"增加"。57.B 根据空后的"gravel (砾石), stones and rocks"可知,海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠,布满砾石、石头和岩石。village"村庄";desert"沙漠";road"道路";lake"湖泊"。58.D 前文提到登山者要在几千米的空间内穿过五个生态系统,此处表示,最后,你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带。obviously"明显地";easily
"容易地"; consequently"结果";finally "最后,终于"。59.A 根据空前的"arctic-like zone"可知,此处是指像北极一样的地带,所以这里应该有永久积雪。permanent"永久的,永恒的"符合语境。little"小的";fresh"新鲜的";artificial"人造的,人工的"。60.B 纵观全文并根据本文最后一句"I found the opposite to be true"可知,作者认为乞力马扎罗山仍是宁静的。把选项一一代入可知,B项deserve符合语境,deserve one's reputation意为"应该得到……的名声",即发问乞力马扎罗山是否应得到这样的名声,随后又回答事实正好相反。enjoy"享受……的乐趣"; save"节省,保存";acquire"获得"。
Cloze 3 [2018全国Ⅲ]语篇类型:记叙文 主题:发错短信引发的故事 词数:237 难度:★★★ 建议时间:15分钟高考真题 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say "sorry, 41 number!" and move on. But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43 . On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the 45 of a baby.
"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken," Dennis 46 . The baby was born and update texts were 47 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her 48 , she didn't seem to realize that she was 49 the baby's photos with a complete stranger. "Well, I don't 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby," replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in. Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother
Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. "I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts." Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: "What a 58 this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this." The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
41.A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong42.A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43.A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical44.A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning45.A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival46.A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47.A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around 48.A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort 49.A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing
50.A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51.A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors52.A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53.A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54.A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55.A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect56.A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted57.A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied58.A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59.A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60.A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
命题分析▶素养解读文章讲述了一个由一条错发的短信引发的故事,字里行间流露出满满的善意,体现了人与人之间和谐的关系,把积极的价值观传递给考生,引导考生以友好的方式思考生活当中的一些问题,养成良好的思维品质,培养人文情怀。▶试题分析 文章考查了动词(10个)、名词(6个)和形容词(4个),突出对语篇层次和意义的考查。
庖丁解牛▶材料特点文章选材贴近社会生活实际,启迪考生思考人生。▶熟词生义①bear常见义:n. 熊 v. 忍受,承受,生(孩子) 本文义:v. 携带②chance常见义:n. 机会,可能性,偶然 本文义:adj. 意外的,碰巧的a chance meeting邂逅
解题思路 文章主要讲述了Dennis在收到陌生人短信后礼貌回复并到医院探望新生儿的故事。41.D 根据上文中的"When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person"及"sorry"可知,此处表示"错误的号码",故选wrong"错误的"。42.A 根据上文中的"get a text message"可知,此处所填词的词义应与"get"一致,故选received"收到"。translate "翻译"; copy"复印,抄写"; print"印刷,刊登"。43.B 根据句首的"But"及下文内容可知,Dennis所做的事有别于常人,
故选special"不寻常的,特别的"。reasonable"合理的,公道的"; necessary"必要的"; practical"实际的,切实可行的"。44.C 根据语境可知,手机短信告诉(informing)他,一对他不认识的夫妇正在医院等待宝宝的到来。convince"使确信,说服"; remind"提醒,使想起";warn"警告"。45.D 根据第46空后的"The baby was born and..."可知,此处填入的词在语义上应与"born"一致,故选arrival。wake-up"唤醒"; recovery"痊愈,复苏"; growth"生长,增长"。46.A 根据"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken"可知,此处是Dennis回复的短信内容,故选responded"回复"。
interrupt"插嘴,打扰,使中断";predict"预言,预报"; repeat"重复"。47.A 根据下文内容可知,Dennis收到了新短信,故选coming in"到达,被收到"。set out"起程,开始工作"; pass down"流传,使世代相传"; move around "四处走动"。 48.C 根据上文中的"The baby was born and...the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa"可知,此处填入的词应与 "overjoyed(欣喜若狂的)"在语义范畴上一致,故选excitement。49.D 根据语境可知,此处表示Teresa似乎没意识到她正在和一个陌生人分享(sharing)婴儿的照片。compare"比较,对比"; exchange"交换"; discuss"讨论"。
50.B 根据上下文语境可知,此处表示"虽然我不认识(know)你们,但我会到那儿和小婴儿拍合影"。51.A 此处表示Dennis还没问这对新手父母在哪个房间,故选parents。 52.B 根据下文中的"He turned up at the hospital...the unexpected visit"可知,Dennis履行了他的承诺(promise),他带着(bearing) 礼物去看了新手妈妈Lindsey和她的宝宝。dream"梦想"; agenda"议事日程";principle"原则,规范,信条"。53.A 参见上题解析。54.C Lindsey的丈夫对Dennis突如其来的到访震惊(astonished)极了。discouraged"泄气的";relaxed"放松的";defeated"沮丧的"。
55.C Dennis的到访虽然出乎他们的意料,但他们对此还是非常感激(appreciate)的。56.D 根据本段最后一句中的"The post has since gained"可知,此处指Teresa在社交网站上张贴(posted)了一张照片。57.D 根据语境可知,Teresa在发布照片的同时,还附上(accompanied)了感人的话语。confirm"确认"; simplify"使简化"; clarify"阐明,澄清,净化"。58.B 这个年轻人(的到来)对我们家来说是多大的一个福气(blessing)啊! pity"同情";relief"宽慰,解脱,缓和";problem"问题"。59.C 根据语境可知,此处填入的词应与其后的"kind"在语义范畴上保
持一致,故选sweet (善良的,好心的)。smart"衣着讲究的,聪明的,高档的,敏捷的";calm"沉着的,风平浪静的"; fair"合理的,公正的,晴朗的"。60.B 根据下文中的"receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days"可知,帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。sympathy"同情";control"控制";trust"信任"。
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
考法帮·解题能力提升
命题透视 完形填空是综合性极强的题型,既考查考生在语境中灵活运用基础知识的能力,又考查考生对语篇主旨大意、逻辑结构和传递的情感态度的理解能力。有些试题需要考生在把握语篇主题、理解文意的基础上才能找到正确答案。 1 [2020甘肃天水一中二模]Are you going to school for something your parents pushed on you? Are you doing things just because others expect you to? I found many 1 in my life coaching lessons. The biggest one some students are having is that they are living a life someone else has 2 for them.
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握
Why on earth would someone live a life that someone else wants for him? Usually, the main 3 is his parents. When we're growing up, we must do what our parents want us to do. We really don't have our own 4 . The problem is that most parents are overly 5 that they know what's the best for their children. Many parents 6 their children to make certain educational 7 . Some parents won't 8 their children's college, unless the children learn 9 what the parents decide. Parents aren't the only ones 10 their ideas on my students. I have some students who are doing jobs they really
11 , but their friends or relatives would not support them if they apply for a 12 job they like better. Are you allowing others to decide what life you are living now? If so, it is a 13 . Even if you are about to 14 for college and you find that the only way your parents will pay school fees for you is that you take up Business, but you want to 15 Art...at this moment I don't 16 that you choose the major where you have no 17 . Follow your heart.
Remember, 18 choose your major or job that you don't like just because of others' ideas. If you choose what you like, you will be a(n) 19 person and will positively influence others. Live the life you want from now on and you will get 20 . 1.A. students B. problems C. examples D. results2.A. designed B. trained C. introduced D. expressed3.A. regulation B. reason C. news D. information4.A. excuses B. complaints C. wishes D. options5.A. excited B. worried C. confident D. careful
6.A. expect B. permit C. agree D. teach7.A. challenges B. practices C. experiences D. achievements8.A. turn to B. learn about C. pay for D. drop in9.A. approximately B. nearly C. gradually D. precisely10.A. offering B. forcing C. depending D. trying11.A. hate B. enjoy C. appreciate D. accept12.A. familiar B. similar C. different D. terrible13.A. mistake B. chance C. decision D. character14.A. send B. look C. head D. wait15.A. refuse B. learn C. change D. copy
16.A. remember B. trouble C. mind D. suggest17.A. interest B. explanation C. advantage D. preparation18.A. sometimes B. never C. often D. still19.A. beautiful B. clever C. contented D. honest20.A. success B. happiness C. wealth D. assistance解析 本文为议论文。作者告诉我们:选择自己喜欢的事情,不受他人影响,遵从自己的内心,这样才会获得快乐,也会给他人带来积极的影响。1.B 由文章开头两句"Are you going to school for something...others expect you to?"提到的两方面的问题及下文中的"The biggest one"可知,此处是说在作者的人生辅导课上,他发现了很多问题。
student"学生";problem"问题";example"例子";result"结果"。2.A 根据前文作铺垫的两个问题及后文中的"Why on earth would someone live a life that someone else wants for him?"可知,作者认为一些学生遇到的最大问题是他们过着别人已经为他们设计好的生活。 design"设计";train"训练";introduce"介绍";express"表达"。3.B 上一句是Why引出的疑问句,此处回答上文提的问题,强调原因。语境表示"通常,主要原因是他的父母"。regulation"规则";reason"原因";news"消息"; information"信息"。4.D 根据上一句"When we're growing up,we must do what our parents want us to do"可知,在成长的过程中,我们必须做父母想让
我们做的事,我们真的没有自己的选择。excuse"借口";complaint"抱怨";wish"愿望";option"选择"。 5.C 此处是说问题在于大多数父母过于自信,认为他们知道什么对孩子最好。excited"激动的";worried"担忧的";confident"自信的";careful"仔细的"。6.A 这里主要讲学生学业方面的选择以及遇到的问题,故推知此处是说许多家长期望他们的孩子能在学业上有某种成就。expect"期望"; permit"允许";agree"同意";teach"教"。7.D 参见上题解析。challenge"挑战";practice"实践";experience"经历";achievement"成就"。
8.C 根据下文中的"unless the children learn 9 what the parents decide"可知,此处表示除非孩子们恰好学习父母决定的(专业),否则一些父母不会为孩子上大学付钱。turn to"向……求助";learn about"了解";pay for"支付";drop in"顺便访问"。 9.D 参见上题解析。approximately"大约";nearly"几乎";gradually"逐渐地";precisely"恰好地,准确地"。10.B 由语境及下一句中的"but their friends or relatives would not support them"可知,此处强调的是一种强迫的行为,即不是只有父母把他们的想法强加给作者的学生。offer"提供";force"强迫";depend"依靠";try"尝试"。
11.A 根据下文中的"but their friends or relatives would not support them if they apply for a 12 job they like better"可知,前后为转折关系,后面说如果他们去找他们更喜欢的工作亲戚朋友不支持,那么前文应指一些学生做着他们非常讨厌的工作。hate"讨厌"; enjoy"喜爱";appreciate"欣赏";accept"接受"。 12.C 一个是他们讨厌的工作,一个是他们喜欢的工作,所以应该是说一份不同的工作。familiar"熟悉的";similar"相似的";different"不同的"; terrible"可怕的"。13.A 语境表示"你会允许其他人决定你现在过的生活吗?如果允许,那就是一个……"。根据后文可知作者不赞成这种做法,故mistake符合语
境。mistake"错误";chance"机会";decision"决定";character"性格"。14.C 由空后的"for college"和后半句中的"you find that the only way your parents will pay school fees for you"可知,父母为你支付学费,那么你应该是即将上大学。head for"朝着……行进",符合语境。15.B 由"but"可知,前后为转折关系, 前面说你选择商科专业你的父母才为你支付学费,后面应该表示"你想学习艺术",故B项正确。16.D 根据下文中的"Follow your heart"可知,作者建议遵从自己的内心;由此可知,作者不建议选择你不感兴趣的专业。remember"记得"; trouble"使苦恼";mind"介意";suggest"建议"。17.A 参见上题解析。interest"兴趣";explanation"解释";advantage
"优势"; preparation"准备"。18.B 根据上文中的"Follow your heart"及下文中的"choose your major or job that you don't like just because of others? ideas"可知,此处应该用含否定含义的词。sometimes"有时";never"从不";often"常常";still"仍然"。19.C 根据下文中的"and will positively influence others"可知,如果选择自己喜欢的事情你将是一个心满意足的人,并将给他人带来积极的影响。contented"满意的,满足的,惬意的"符合语境。20.B 由语境可知,选择自己喜欢的事情,过自己想要的生活,这样才会获得快乐。success"成功";happiness"快乐";wealth"财富";assistance"帮助"。
方法总结 完形填空主要考查学生对整体语篇的理解能力和对细节的分析把握能力,要求学生在做题时能够准确把握作者的写作意图,同时能够瞻前顾后,充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系,仔细推敲,最终还原语篇。如本篇第20题,学生必须首先抓住作者想要表达的主题,即"选择自己喜欢的事情才会获得快乐",然后围绕这一主题进行选择。很明显,作者并没有在文中强调学生要获得成功或者财富,仅仅是想让自己的学生活得快乐、幸福,所以happiness符合语境。
命题透视 高考非常重视考查考生对文章上下文语境及逻辑关系的把握,通过考查行文逻辑,进一步考查考生对文章大意的正确理解和考生的思维能力。 2 [2020浙江]One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37(mother) , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38(tend to) it while Don stayed in his seat. Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to
考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑
see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.36.A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned 39.A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined40.A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult 解析 36. 根据空后中的"The lamb had become separated from its 37(mother)"可推知,此处应该是作者看见(spotted)一只迷路的小羊。故选B。39. 根据上文中的"I jumped out of the tractor to 38(tend to) it"可知,作者发现一只迷路的小羊,于是跳下拖拉机去照顾它;再根据空后的"I
turned back to the tractor"可以判断此处说的是小羊与它的妈妈重聚了(reunited)。故选C。 40. 根据空后的原因状语从句"because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out"可知,作者跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以当作者看到拖拉机突然离作者而去时,作者感到十分意外。unexpected"出乎意料的";dangerous"危险的";embarrassing"令人尴尬的";difficult"困难的"。故选A。方法总结 利用语义关联解题 "语义关联"是指支撑文章主题的句子之间、句群之间、段落之间的意义衔接和走向。语义关联题旨在考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力,考
生如果没有整体意识,往往很难找出正确答案。解答此类题目时,需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的连贯性。换言之,要充分考虑上下文语境,根据语义的连贯性解题。 3 [2021四川成都摸底考试]I was once told that I shouldn't have kids, because it could be born with Asperger's syndrome (阿斯伯格综合征),like me. I answered, "Would you have given the same advice to my 41(parents) ?" "Well,"came the answer, "look at all the 42 and pain you've had. Surely you wouldn't 43(wish) that on a child." 42.A. joy B. wealth C. dreams D. difficulties
解析 根据空后的"and pain"可知,空处和pain并列,感情色彩一致,再结合选项可知,只有difficulties"困难"符合语境。故选D。 4 [2020重庆三模]Slat's life began to 22(change) after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. Before taking a diving course, he had 23(expected) to see beautiful sea animals. However, what he 24 saw in the ocean was an awful lot of 25(plastic) waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a 26(project) to find a solution to this alarming problem. 27(Struck) by the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the oceans, he 28(founded) his company at the age of 18. Although the idea was named one of
the best 29(inventions) of 2015 by TIME, he received 30 feedback from the specialists in 31(environmental) issues. 24.A. suddenly B. actually C. probably D. rarely30.A. positive B. valuable C. negative D. immediate解析 24.句意:然而,在海洋中他实际上看到的是大量的塑料垃圾。根据前文中的"he had 23(expected) to see beautiful sea animals"和空前的"However"可知,本句与前文构成转折关系,说明实际上(actually)看到的是垃圾。故选B。30.Although在此引导让步状语从句,从句提及了"the idea was named one of the best 29(inventions)",因此空处所选形容词应为体现相反含义的词negative(消极的)。故选C。
方法总结 巧用逻辑关系标志词解题 从逻辑关系的角度把握整体是解答完形填空题的最佳途径。考生可以通过明显的表示逻辑关系的标志性词,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在备选项中找出有相同逻辑意义的选项。这样就会使题目的难度大大降低。常见的逻辑关系标志词有以下几类:1.表示转折、对比的however, but, while等。2.表示因果、目的的therefore, consequently, since, so, in order to等。3.表示递进的besides, in addition, what's more等。4.表示时间的before, after, when, while, until, later等。5.表示"平行结构"的and, or, as well as等。
5 [2018全国Ⅰ]During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits...I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54(classroom) . 53.A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment解析 本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设空,是一个完整的句子。据此可知,作者是一名大学二年级的学生,听说教育系有一门免费的课程,可以得三个学分。文章的首句将作者的身份以及故事的背景、地点和主要内
考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力
容完全交代出来了。根据这些信息可预测,下文应该是讲述作者参加这个课程的故事,因此,第53题应选择course"课程"。故选C。方法总结 利用首句信息解题 完形填空文章的首句一般是全文的关键句,是文章的"文眼"。通过它,考生可以大致了解全文的概貌和作者的立意。首句一般不设空,考生应该充分利用此句给出的信息,将它作为一个解题的突破口。细心阅读并分析首句,往往能获取许多解题信息。除了文章首句以外,考生还可以利用段落首句来把握文章大意。主题句有时会出现在段落的开头。
6 [2018浙江11月]...Still stuck. Meanwhile 39 was breaking out in the class... To get the students back in order, I 43(shared) my own story of getting my 44 stuck between the rails of a balcony. Same kind of curiosity, I remembered 45(wondering) then how far I could thrust(塞)my knee between the rails. Inch by inch, I kept 46(pushing) and before I knew it, my knee was stuck... 39.A. fire B. chaos C. violence D. argument44.A. head B. knee C. arm D. foot
解析 39.根据下一段开头的"To get the students back in order"可知,此处表示当时教室里非常混乱,chaos意为"混乱",符合语境。故选B。44.从下文中的"could thrust(塞)my knee between"及"my knee was stuck"可得出答案,该空属于词汇复现。故选B。方法总结 利用复现信息解题 在完形填空中,有些题目仅仅依据设空所在句的句意或设空前后句的语境无法作出正确判断。在这种情况下,我们要意识到该题的答案肯定会出现在文中某处,我们把这种现象称作"信息复现"。信息复现主要包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。做题时,仔细查找上下文,利用这些复现信息解题,往往又快又准。
命题透视 文化背景知识也是高考考查的必备知识之一。完形填空的语篇一般选取原汁原味的英语文章,其涉及的文化背景知识非常丰富,且题目设置有时也会渗透着自然科学、中西方文化、人文风俗、历史文化等方面的知识,也常出现中学生能够感知和体验的日常生活情境。方法点拨 利用文化及生活常识解题 在做此类题时,考生可适当利用自身储备的文化背景知识和生活常识,对语境进行分析和判断,最后选出答案。这将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间。因此考生需要在平时的学习生活中积累丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识,逐渐培养一定的判断能力,加强不同学科间知识的融合,提高综合能力。
考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识
在课堂上,考生可以结合教材进行跨文化知识的学习,比较英汉思维模式的差异,有意识地参照恰当的文化背景来进行交流;在课外,考生需要广泛阅读,多渠道汲取文化养分,在阅读过程中多注意其中的文化细节,以便更深层次地理解语言背后的文化因素。考生可以参加戏剧表演,观看外国电影,接触西方国家的文化,以轻松愉悦的心情体验外国文化并感悟其文化内涵;还可以与外国友人面对面地用英语交流,或与外国网友交流,在直接的交流中理解外国文化,锻炼自己跨文化交际的能力。 7 [2020浙江金丽衢十二校联考]We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet, 16(put) it, "Letters, to me andmy friends mean 17(more than) greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to
letters, friends who are 18(absent) speak."He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media and email, they 19(still) ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a 20 event. 20.A. popular B. common C. rare D. simple解析 根据常识可知,在这个即时短信、社交媒体和电子邮件被广泛应用的时代,人们很少写信,因此写信或收信已经成了一件稀罕事。故选C。
命题透视 近几年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力提出了更高的要求,主要体现在加大了对较生僻的名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词等实词(主要是课标双星词、派生词)词义的考查力度,同时也加大了对基础词活用的考查力度。方法点拨 完形填空对词汇的考查以实词为主,因此,考生在复习备考过程中,除了要夯实基础,掌握基本的词汇知识外,还应特别关注一词多义、熟词生义等现象,注意积累完形填空中的高频语块,掌握构词法的相关知识,扩充词汇储备。
考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析
8 [2020浙江1月]...I took advantage of my brief 39(freedom) to dash across the lawn(草坪) — and hit a large maple tree!I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside. Mom 41 me to start crying,but I just sat there for a minute. Then I 42 myself up and kept right on going. Mom always 43(adds) here that, as many times as I 44 across the lawn after that,I never again 45 into that tree. Mom loves to use this story as an 46(example) . It reminds her that children don't enter life 47(afraid) to take risks or unwilling to 48(try) again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose that 49 as I grew older.
40.A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept41.A. promised B. encouraged C. allowed D. expected42.A. woke B. picked C. warmed D. gave44.A. drove B. lived C. stood D. zoomed45.A. crashed B. broke C. climbed D. looked49.A. honesty B. toughness C. kindness D. curiosity解析 40.bounce off从……弹回。此处是说因为作者跑得太快了,撞在树干上被弹回,并仰面着地。 land on one's backside"仰面着地",land在此处用作动词,表示"降落,着陆"。故选A。41.由前一句作者仰面着地的状况,空后的"me to start crying,but I just
sat there for a minute"及选项可知,应该是母亲预料作者会哭。故选D。42.结合前文描述,再根据空后的"myself up and kept right on going"可知,作者站起来,继续前进。pick oneself up"(跌倒后)站起来"。 wake...up"唤醒……";warm...up"使……活跃起来";give...up"放弃……"。故选B。44.结合上文中的"dash across the lawn(草坪)"可知,此处表示与上文相同的情况,作者以后很多次快速跑过草坪。zoom"快速移动"符合语境。zoom属于较生僻的词,部分考生由于词汇知识掌握不牢固而选错。故选D。 45.结合语境及上文中的"hit a large maple free"可知,有了这次经历之
后,作者再也没有撞到那棵树上。因此选crashed,意为"撞击"。故选A。49.上文讲到了作者的坚强,结合空处语境可知,此处是说,母亲不想让作者失去那份韧性。toughness属于派生词,考生可根据tough"坚强的,坚韧不拔的"来推断toughness的含义,toughness"韧性,坚韧"; honesty"诚实"; kindness"善良";curiosity"好奇心"。故选B。 9 [2020北京海淀区二模]However, while being there, I got phenomenal 15(energy) from all the runners, smiling and applauding constantly. Not a runner myself, I thought maybe I could give running a 16 , just to try, to use my neglected gym
membership and see where it 17(takes) me. And so I tried. I went to my local gym the next morning and got on a treadmill (跑步机).I was out of breath by the fifth minute, but I 18(slowed) down, walked for a bit and then restarted. I came back the next day, hoping to 19 a few minutes longer. By the end of two weeks, I could run for 30 minutes, which was a huge 20(success) . 16.A. lift B. shot C. break D. choice19.A. last B. walk C. rest D. function
解析 16.根据"just to try"可知,作者想试试跑步。shot作名词常见义项为"射击;射门;注射;镜头", 这里意为"尝试,努力",属于熟词生义。故选B。19.上文说第五分钟时作者已经上气不接下气了,再结合空后的"a few minutes longer"可知,这里表示作者第二天又来了,希望自己可以多持续几分钟。last在此作动词,表示"持续,延续"。故选A。
命题透视 近几年的完形填空题仍保持对习惯用法和词语搭配进行考查,通过考查习惯搭配来考查考生的词汇储备和运用能力。方法点拨 牢记固定搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配,特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配,在完形填空题中占有一定比例。如果考生在备考时能牢固地掌握常见的习惯用法或固定搭配,并在解题时灵活运用,就能达到事半功倍的效果。 10 When our girls are brave enough, they are free to explore in their learning and in life. That exploration leads to the
考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
discovery of their talents, passions and weaknesses. On Saturday night I saw one of our students act so bravely that it took my 22 away. 22.A. pain B. breath C. faith D. concern解析 句意:星期六晚上,我看到我们的一名学生表现得如此勇敢,这令我惊叹。take one's breath away是固定搭配,表示"令某人惊叹"。故选B。 11 [2020东北三省四市模拟]I laughed my head 28 while going out with friends, and cried my eyes out at the death of a loved one while traveling.
28.A. down B. in C. out D. off解析 这里表示"当我和朋友们外出时,我大笑不止"。laugh one's head off为习惯搭配,意为"大笑不止,狂笑不已",与后面的cried my eyes out形成鲜明的情感对比。其他选项不能构成搭配。cry one's eyes out意为"痛哭不止"。故选D。
分类记忆完形重点词汇 以下为近三年高考完形填空的选项中出现过的重点词汇,考生在备考时,可分类进行强化记忆。1.动词(词组)accompany陪伴;为……伴奏[2018全国Ⅲ]address称呼;演说;写姓名地址[2019北京]admit承认;准许进入[2020全国Ⅰ]adopt采用;收养[2019全国Ⅱ]advocate提倡,主张[2020江苏;2019全国Ⅰ]allocate分配[2020全国Ⅱ] analyze分析[2018全国Ⅰ]
appeal呼吁;有吸引力;上诉[2018全国Ⅱ]appoint委派,任命[2020天津] assess评估[2019北京]assume假定[2020全国Ⅲ] attach附,系,贴[2020全国Ⅱ] attempt企图,尝试[2020全国Ⅰ、 江苏、天津]bargain讨价还价[2020全国Ⅱ]bathe(以光线)撒满,覆盖;使沐浴(在光线里)[2018全国Ⅱ]bear忍受;承受 [2018全国Ⅲ] blow up爆炸;充气[2019全国Ⅰ]break down使分解;发生故障;失败;垮掉 [2020天津]calm down(使)平静,镇静,安静[2019全国Ⅱ]cancel 取消,撤销[2020全国Ⅱ] catch up赶上[2020浙江]
cater for满足需要,适合[2020江苏]claim要求;宣称,断言[2020 & 2018天津;2020江苏]clarify阐明,澄清[2018全国Ⅲ]come along跟着来;不期而至;进步[2019天津]confirm确认,证实[2018全国Ⅲ]convince使信服;说服[2020天津;2019北京;2018全国Ⅲ]cool down使冷却下来;使变凉[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]count数数;重要[2019全国Ⅰ] deliver 递送;发表[2019北京]depend on依赖,依靠;取决于[2018天津] deserve值得[2019全国Ⅰ] distinguish 辨别,分清[2020江苏]
encounter遭遇;邂逅[2019天津] evaluate评估 [2018全国Ⅰ]expand扩大[2018天津] expose揭露;暴露[2020全国Ⅱ、江苏]fade away逐渐消失;衰弱[2019全国Ⅰ]forbid禁止;阻止[2019全国Ⅲ、江苏]frame表达;制订;给……做框[2020全国Ⅱ]get hold of抓住;理解[2020全国Ⅰ]give away赠送;泄露[2019浙江]give way to让步;让……先行[2019全国Ⅰ]go back to追溯到;回到[2019全国Ⅰ] hold back阻挡;踌躇;隐瞒;控制[2020浙江]
hold on to抓紧;坚持[2019全国Ⅰ] identify认出,识别[2019天津] imply暗示[2020天津]jump at匆匆得出(结论等);欣然接受[2018全国Ⅰ]keep off使……不接近 [2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、天津]live up to不辜负,符合[2019全国Ⅰ]look back回顾;回头看[2019天津] make out辨别;理解[2020天津] matter要紧[2019全国Ⅲ]measure测量[2019北京] move around走来走去[2018全国Ⅲ]pass down传递;流传[2018全国Ⅲ] pave铺;创造条件[2019北京]pay off偿清;买通;成功[2019全国Ⅰ]
permit允许,准许[2019全国Ⅰ]predict预言,预报[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东);2019全国Ⅱ、全国Ⅲ]purify 净化;精炼[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]put away把……放回原处;留存[2020天津、北京]quit停止;离开;退出;离任[2018浙江]recite背诵,朗诵[2019北京] reflect反映;反射[2020江苏]register登记;记录[2020全国Ⅱ] repeat重复;复述 [2019天津]reserve预订;保留[2020全国Ⅱ] reunite(使)重逢,再次相聚[2020浙江] roll over翻过来;将(债务)转期,允许延期偿还(欠款)[2019全国Ⅱ]
run into偶然遇见;撞上[2020浙江] seize抓住;夺取[2019江苏]set out出发;开始工作[2018全国Ⅲ] settle on选定,决定[2019北京]simplify使简化,使简易[2018全国Ⅲ]spot 发现,看见[2020浙江;2019天津]spread out伸展身体;摊开东西;散开[2019全国Ⅰ]stand out突出;出色;显眼[2020全国Ⅰ]stare at凝视[2020全国Ⅰ] submit顺从;提交 [2020全国Ⅱ]submit to屈服[2020江苏] swear发誓;咒骂[2020全国Ⅲ]switch改变;交换[2020浙江] take off起飞;脱掉;取消[2020浙江]
tear apart撕毁;使不快[2020天津] tend to倾向,易于;照料[2020浙江]tremble(因紧张、激动、惊慌等)颤抖,哆嗦[2019全国Ⅱ]urge鞭策;催促 [2019北京;2018全国Ⅰ]win out(克服困难)终获成功[2020全国Ⅰ]witness目击;见证[2020全国Ⅱ]2.名词 advance前进;进展[2018全国Ⅱ]agenda议事日程[2019江苏;2018全国Ⅲ]aid援助;帮助,救援 [2019浙江] alarm警报;警报器[2019天津]application应用;申请[2018北京]
atmosphere大气;空气[2019全国Ⅰ、天津]belongings财物[2020全国Ⅲ] blessing祝福;赞同[2018全国Ⅲ]bonus红利;意外收获 [2020 & 2019江苏]budget预算[2018江苏] burden负担 [2018浙江、天津]catalogue目录[2020全国Ⅲ] coincidence巧合[2018全国Ⅱ]colleague同事[2020全国Ⅰ] combination结合[2019江苏]comment评论;批评[2018全国Ⅰ]commitment承诺,保证;投入[2020江苏]companion同伴[2019江苏] competitor竞争者,对手[2018全国Ⅰ]conclusion结尾,结束;结论[2018天津] conflict冲突[2019浙江]
consequence结果,后果[2020全国Ⅰ;2019江苏]contents内容;目录[2019天津] convenience便利[2019北京]criterion标准,准则[2018全国Ⅰ]decline下降,减少[2019江苏;2018天津]defeat挫败[2018天津] delay延误[2019天津]delight高兴,快乐[2018全国Ⅱ]depression沮丧;萧条期[2020江苏]detail细节[2019天津;2018北京]dilemma(进退两难的)困境[2020江苏]discovery发现[2020 天津] fantasy幻想[2020全国Ⅰ]
finance金融,财政;资金[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]fortune运气;命运[2018天津] impression印象[2018全国Ⅰ]instructor讲师[2018全国Ⅰ] intention意图,打算[2020 & 2018天津]limitation限制;限度[2020江苏] negotiation谈判,协商[2019北京]opposition反对,反抗[2020江苏] presentation提交,出示[2018全国Ⅰ]privilege特权;荣幸[2019北京] qualification资格;资历[2018全国Ⅰ]receptionist接待员[2020全国Ⅲ] recovery恢复,痊愈[2018全国Ⅲ]recreation消遣,娱乐[2019江苏] relief减轻;轻松[2020全国Ⅰ;2018全国Ⅱ、全国Ⅲ]restriction限制,约束[2020全国Ⅰ] sacrifice牺牲,舍弃[2019江苏]
shame羞愧;耻辱[2018天津] shelter避难处[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]sympathy同情;支持[2018全国Ⅲ] target目标;靶子[2020全国Ⅰ]tension紧张;矛盾[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]thrill激动[2018天津] title标题;称号,头衔[2018全国Ⅰ]urge强烈的欲望[2018北京] urgency紧急,急迫[2018浙江]vehicle车辆,交通工具;手段[2020浙江]3.形容词accessible可得到的,可接近的,可进入的[2019天津]allergic过敏的;反感的[2019全国Ⅱ]artificial人造的[2019全国Ⅰ] awful糟糕的[2020浙江]
awkward令人尴尬的;笨拙的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、天津;2019北京]behavioral行为的[2020全国Ⅰ]beneficial有利的,有益的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]biological生物的;生物学的[2020全国Ⅰ]catastrophic灾难性的[2020江苏]concerned担心的;感兴趣的,关切的[2019天津]concrete具体的;实在的;混凝土制的[2020全国Ⅱ]constant不变的;不断的[2018江苏]convenient便利的,方便的[2019天津]crucial至关重要的[2020江苏]
demanding苛求的;费力的[2019浙江]desirable理想的,可取的[2020浙江]embarrassing为难的;令人尴尬的[2020浙江、天津]enthusiastic热心的,热情的,热烈的[2019天津]extra额外的[2019北京;2018浙江]extraordinary非凡的;特别的[2020江苏]extreme极度的[2019全国Ⅱ]fantastic极好的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、江苏]flat平坦的;扁平的[2019全国Ⅲ]fresh新鲜的;清新的;新近的[2019全国Ⅰ]
illegal非法的,不合法的[2019 & 2018江苏]influential有很大影响的[2020江苏]innocent清白的,无辜的;纯真的[2020江苏]inspiring激励的,鼓舞人心的[2019江苏]longing渴望的[2019天津]loose疏松的;宽松的[2018江苏]occasional偶然的;临时的[2018江苏]particular专指的;特别的[2020全国Ⅲ]permanent永久的,长久的[2019全国Ⅰ]practical 可行的;实际的[2018全国Ⅲ]
precious珍奇的,珍稀的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]preventable可避免的,可预防的[2020江苏]rare稀罕的,珍贵的[2018全国Ⅰ]reasonable合理的;通情达理的;公道的[2018全国Ⅲ]reliable可靠的;可信的[2018 浙江]rewarding报酬高的;有益的,值得做的[2019 & 2018 浙江]ridiculous荒谬的,荒唐的[2019北京]risky有危险的,冒险的[2019天津]selfless无私的[2019天津] sharp灵敏的[2018全国Ⅱ]significant重要的;重大的[2019全国Ⅰ] skeptical怀疑的[2019全国Ⅰ]
smart时髦的;漂亮的;聪明的;敏捷的[2018全国Ⅲ]specific明确的;特定的[2020江苏] stubborn顽固的,执拗的[2020天津]suspicious可疑的;怀疑的[2019北京]thrilled欣喜若狂的[2018全国Ⅱ] tolerant宽容的,容忍的[2019江苏]tough棘手的,艰苦的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]typical特有的;典型的,有代表性的[2020全国Ⅰ]unappealing不好看的,无吸引力的[2020全国Ⅱ]unexpected出人意料的[2020浙江]willing愿意的;乐于相助的[2019全国Ⅱ]
4.副词 anyway即使这样;无论如何[2020江苏]apparently看来,显然[2020全国Ⅱ]casually随便地;漫不经心地[2020全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅲ、江苏;2019全国Ⅱ]cautiously小心地,谨慎地[2019全国Ⅱ]cheerfully高高兴兴地 [2019江苏]constantly重复不断地[2020全国Ⅰ]consequently因此,所以[2019全国Ⅰ;2018江苏]continually不断地;频繁地[2020江苏]entirely完全地,全部地[2019浙江]
eventually最后,终于[2020全国Ⅱ、天津;2018全国Ⅰ、江苏]frankly老实说;坦率地[2018全国Ⅱ] frequently频繁地;经常[2020天津]gracefully优美地;得体地[2020江苏] gradually逐渐地[2019全国Ⅲ] honestly诚实地[2018天津] individually分别地,单独地[2018天津] initially最初[2018江苏]instead代替,反而[2019全国Ⅲ、江苏]moreover此外,而且 [2020 & 2019江苏]normally通常;正常地[2018全国Ⅰ]obviously显然[2020浙江;2019全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅲ]
occasionally偶尔[2020天津]otherwise否则[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]precisely精确地;恰好地[2019全国Ⅲ]previously先前地;之前[2020天津]purposefully有目的地[2020天津]randomly随机地[2020 天津]similarly相似地,类似地[2019全国Ⅲ]skillfully巧妙地;技术好地[2019全国Ⅱ]specifically专门地;明确地,具体地[2020全国Ⅱ]temporarily暂时地,临时地[2020全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅱ;2018江苏]
注意积累熟词生义 近几年高考完形填空对熟词生义的考查逐渐增多,考查考生结合语境灵活运用词汇的能力。以下是整理的近五年高考完形填空中考查过的熟词生义。
续表 除了选项中涉及较多熟词生义外,语篇中也会出现,比如2020全国Ⅲ最后一段中的row,常见含义为"一行,一排",但在该语境中表示"争吵",have a row with sb.表示"与某人争吵"。考生在平时多注意积累,在考试中才会游刃有余。
题型三 完形填空
【第三部分 高考题型突破】
高考帮·备考方向导航
析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究考法帮·解题能力提升
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
考情解读
命题分析预测
1.选材——语篇主要围绕"人与自我"和"人与社会"两大主题,大多涉及生活哲理、人文关怀等,话题贴近考生生活,传递积极向上的精神。"人与自然"主题语境的语篇近两年也有所体现,主要涉及保护环境,倡导环保意识。2.考查点——以考查实词为主,其中动词、名词居多,其次是形容词、副词,而对介词、连词、代词等的考查相对较少。3.考查角度——侧重考查考生对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解能力;对上下文或句子之间逻辑关系的把握和理解能力;对句子结构和意义的把握和理解能力。
聚焦核心素养
在基于素养命题立意及导向的高考试题中,完形填空对考生的语言能力、学习能力以及文化意识的考查要求逐步加强,着重考查考生在语篇阅读的基础上,选择合适词语的能力,以及结合词汇、语法、生活常识和跨文化意识进行逻辑推理和综合判断的能力,凸显对考生思维品质的考查。此外,对考生文化意识的考查力度也不断加大,突出对考生作为合格公民应具备的基本素质和核心价值的考查。
析考情 · 题型突破链高考 · 真题探究
高考帮·备考方向导航
析考情 · 题型突破
一 题型特点 完形填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题,它要求考生不仅能理解语篇文意,而且能结合上下文进行逻辑推理。完形填空主要考查考生根据上下文正确使用词语的综合能力、阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。多年来,完形填空一直是考生失分较多的高难度试题。二 考查维度1.强调语篇阅读,考查考生整体理解文意、连贯思维、把握语境和进行逻辑推理的能力;2.多角度考查词汇知识,如基础词汇的活用、一词多义、熟词生义等;
3.考查驾驭英语句子、理解分析长难句的能力;4.侧重考查根据语境重建文章的能力,淡化对语法知识的考查。三 命题规律1.语篇类型:记叙文和夹叙夹议文是近几年高考完形填空的命题热点,说明文也偶有考查。2.题材:文章注重原汁原味,内容积极向上,贴近考生生活,大多涉及生活哲理、人文关怀等,融知识性、教育性和趣味性为一体,充分体现了高考的思想性和育人功能,也体现了普通高中英语课程的总目标。文章长度为240词左右。3.考点分布:所设题目以考查动词、名词、形容词和副词为主,兼顾代词、连词和介词。
4.选项设置:所设置选项的词性、词形一般都符合空处的语法要求,注重考查考生对句意的理解及对选项词义的辨析,也越来越注重考查考生在语篇理解的基础上对词汇的掌握能力。解题时考生需要认真通读全文,有效扫除语言障碍,理清文章脉络。5.设题层面:近几年的高考完形填空主要从五个层面设题。(1)从句子理解层面设题。这类题很常见,主要考查考生正确理解句子意思的能力,要求考生在理解句子意思的基础上,对选项作出正确的判断。(2)从语境理解层面设题。这类题所占比例最大,主要考查考生对上下文的理解能力,要求考生根据上下文判断该空应填的词语。
(3)从情境理解层面设题。这类设题主要考查考生对文中挖空句的情境的准确理解能力,要求考生根据具体的情境作出选择。(4)从逻辑理解层面设题。这类设题主要考查考生的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据事情发生、发展的规律,按照作者的思维、表达方式,对行文逻辑进行分析,作出选择。(5)从语篇理解层面设题。这类试题的难度较大,主要考查考生对文章中心、脉络、结构层次等的把握能力。要求考生整体理解文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而作出正确的选择。
四 语篇类型分类1.记叙文 记叙文类完形填空在高考中占了很大的比例。在此类完形填空中,作者通常会在文章首句或首段把事件的时间、地点、人物交代清楚,然后对这件事情的发生、发展和结果进行叙述。题材包括个人经历、励志故事等,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、当今科学的最新发展等方面。总体来讲,此类文章一般有以下两个特点:(1)情节曲折,信息量大,结尾往往出乎意料。近几年高考完形填空的文章不是单纯地去叙述某个人、某件事,而是把对人物心理活动的描写融入文章的叙述中,结果往往出乎意料,这无疑就
增加了考生理解的难度。因此,考生解题时应理清故事发展的脉络,根据人物的语言、行为及心理活动等去了解作者的写作意图,对故事的发展和结局作出合理的想象和预测。(2)文章话题有亲切感,能引起考生的共鸣。近几年高考完形填空中有很多反映了人际关系、当今科技发展对社会的影响等,这些是考生平时在生活中接触比较多的话题,因此容易理解,没有陌生感。2.夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议类完形填空往往是高考中较难的、也是较容易失分的。所选文章一般富于哲理性,耐人寻味,可读性较强,考生可以从一件看似平淡的
小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理。 该文体在结构上采用"以叙为主、兼顾议论,叙议结合"或"先叙后议""边叙边议"的写作模式,其主旨是在记叙的基础上,通过议论的手段,说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。一般来说,文章记叙的内容积极向上,情节曲折动人,富有知识性和趣味性;文章的议论部分是记叙部分的升华,兼具教育性和启发性。 考生在做该类型的完形填空时,不但要理解文章的字面意思,还要挖掘文章的内涵。准确理解作者要说明的观点或阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类题的关键。
3.说明文 说明文类完形填空近几年较少涉及,但2019年全国Ⅲ卷的完形填空采用了说明文这一文体,因此,该文体也是考生需要掌握的类型,备考时需注意。说明文类完形填空一般具有以下特点:(1)开篇点题,目标明确。说明文分为说理型说明文与识物型说明文:说理型说明文主要介绍一种理论概念;识物型说明文主要介绍一种新兴或者大众比较陌生的物品。解答说明文类型的完形填空时,首先要弄清说明对象(一般在首句阐明),其次通读的时候需要弄清楚文章的说明方法以及思路,并在此基础上逐个击破。
(2)难度较大,结构严谨。说明文往往比较正式,表述准确严谨,句子较长,结构较为复杂。在解题时,分析句子结构、划分句子层次是关键,同时需要理清句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系及各句、段起到的作用,如解释说明、承上启下等。4.议论文 议论文类完形填空在近几年高考中很少涉及,但是议论文也是高考完形填空命题选材中的一种,备考时不容忽视。议论文类完形填空论点的提出方式一般有以下三种:
(1)开门见山式提出论点。作者在文章的开头就提出论点,然后通过具体的论据说明论点(论据有正面的,也有反面的),最后总结全文。(2)导入式提出论点。作者先叙述生活中一件具体的事情或描述生活中的某种现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的见解,最后用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。
(3)结尾式提出论点。作者一开始仅仅是列举生活中的现象,并不表明自己的观点,然后对具体现象进行分析,从而得出一个结论,而这个结论往往就是文章的论点。 解决议论文类完形填空时,要善于理清论点、论据和论证,"三论"结合验证答案,并且一定要注意上下文的逻辑关系,如果所选答案使文章前后矛盾,论据与论点不符,甚至论证与论点矛盾,那就说明考生对文章的脉络把握得不太准确,需要重新理顺文章的各个部分之间的关系,直到三者一致,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分之间的关系选出答案。千万不可在对文章逻辑关系一知半解的情况下随意选择。解题时,逻辑连接词的作用至关重要,可通过逻辑连接词判断上下文的关系。有时也会考查通过前后句的意义推断出逻辑连接词。
五 解题步骤1.通读全文,把握大意 先跳过空格,通读试题所给的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文文意。要在阅读短文、理解文意的基础上再开始作选择,切忌仓促下笔。2.综合考虑,初定答案 在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上下文内容,注意从上下文的语法结构和词语搭配及备选项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先;再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步确定答案。
3.瞻前顾后,先易后难 动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。先做简单、直接、自己最有把握的题,对于一下子不能确定答案的题,先跳过,继续往下做,最后再回过头来集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定的选项再读一遍短文,以加深对短文的理解进而提高做题的正确率。4.复读全文,逐空验证 完成各道题后,把所选的选项代入原文,再把全文通读一遍,逐空认真复查,看所选的选项能否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,语言表达是否符合习惯。如果发现错误或有疑问的选项,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、作出修正。
Cloze 1 [2020全国Ⅰ]语篇类型:夹叙夹议文 主题:家长是否应该对孩子撒谎 词数:224 难度:★★★ 建议时间:17分钟高考真题 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41 is obvious.If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it's 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
析考情·题型突破
链高考 · 真题探究
I hate lying to the kids.One day they'll 47 and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 .I have a very strong 51 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings.I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the
opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, "What if it isn't a door?"That is, "What if it isn't a 57 opportunity?" Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.But the 58 is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, "No.We can't go outside now."Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't 60 to open them and walk through.41.A. relief B. target C. reason D. case42.A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize43.A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44.A. result B. danger C. method D. truth45.A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly46.A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting47.A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out48.A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact49.A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers50.A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences51.A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt52.A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53.A. traditional B. important C. double D. original54.A. life B. time C. reply D. history55.A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of56.A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of57.A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited58.A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret59.A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept60.A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend
命题分析▶素养解读本文讲述了作者为了省事而向孩子撒谎的故事,并对自己的行为进行反思,进而有所感悟,引导考生学会思辨,辩证地看待生活中的问题,并在自我批判中获得对事物的认知和成长,有助于培养考生良好的思维品质。▶试题分析选项包含一定的星级词汇和派生词,加大了试题的难度;选项中词组设置较多,且近五年首次出现了对名词词组的考查。
庖丁解牛▶熟词生义①drive 常见义: vt. 开车,驾驶 本文义: vt. 驱使②wake up常见义:醒来,唤醒,弄醒 本文义: 意识到,明白▶词块积累do damage to对……造成伤害 What if...? 如果……怎么办?stare at 盯着,注视 win out (克服困难)终获成功 stand out突出,显眼
解题思路 作者在自己的双胞胎孩子刚学步时,为避免孩子总想通过玻璃滑门出去给其带来麻烦,刻意编造谎言告诉孩子那是窗户而不是门,而后作者反思自己,后悔对孩子说谎。窗户和门都有重要的比喻意义,作者害怕对孩子说了这样的谎言后,当孩子人生中的机会出现时,他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前。41.C 根据后两句可知,作者和妻子说谎的原因(reason)很明显。42.A 结合下文的"they'll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy"可推知,如果作者和妻子承认(admit)这是门,孩子们就会一直(constantly)想出去,这会使他们发疯的。
43.B 参见上题解析。gradually"逐渐地";temporarily"暂时地,临时地";casually"随意地,偶然地"。44.D 由空后的"But"并结合语境可知,此处表示孩子们显然知道真相(truth),即孩子们知道那是门而不是窗户,但还是会因为父母坚持声称那是窗户而产生犹豫,符合下文作者的联想。45.A 根据语境可知,作者及妻子坚持说那仅仅是(merely)一个窗户,这已经阻止了孩子们很多次试图(attempting)开门的请求。46.D 参见上题解析。47.C 根据空前一句中的"lying to the kids"和该句中的"discover"可知,有一天,他们会醒悟(wake up)过来,发现他们一直知道的关于窗户的
一切都是谎言(lie)。win out"(克服困难)终获成功";give up"放弃"; stand out"突出,显眼"。48.B 参见上题解析。dream"梦,梦想";fantasy"幻想,想象";fact"事实"。49.A 由第52空后的"our children"的提示可知,此处表示"我在想无论结果如何父母(parents)是否都应该告知孩子真相"。50.D 参见上题解析。consequence"结果"符合语境。restriction"限制规定,制约因素";explanation"解释,说明";difference"不同,分歧"。51.B 根据最后一段中的"Maybe it's an unreasonable fear"和语境可知,此处表示我感到强烈的恐惧(fear)。52.C 根据下文表述的"窗户和门都有重要的比喻意义,我害怕对孩子说
了这样的谎言后,当孩子人生中的机会出现时,他们会产生怀疑从而犹豫不前"可知,此处表示作者害怕自己所说的谎言正在对孩子造成精神上的(spiritual)伤害。physical"身体的,物质的";biological"生物的,生物学的";behavioral"行为的,举止的"。53.B 根据语境和常识可知,窗户和门都有重要的(important)比喻意义。54.A 根据常识可知,此处表示"倘若他们在以后的人生(life)中,来到一扇就像某种机会的比喻性的门前,他们会怎么样?"。55.D 根据下文中的"they just 56 it and wonder,‘What if it isn't a door?’"可知,他们仅仅是盯着(stare at)这扇门在犹豫而不是(instead of)打开门,抓住机会。by comparison with"与……相比";inaddition to"除了……";regardless of"不管"。
56.B 参见上题解析。57.A 根据上文作者把门比作机会可知,此处孩子们可能会对机会的真实性产生怀疑,"如果这不是一扇门呢?"也就是说"如果这不是一个真正的(real)机会呢?"。58.C 根据下文表述的作者应该接受要反复告诉孩子现在不能出去的情况可知,底线(bottom line)是作者不应该向孩子说谎。safety rule"安全守则";comfort zone"舒适区";top secret"最高机密"。59.D 参见上题解析。60.C 根据语境可知,如果不对孩子说这样的谎言,那么当他们来到人生的其他门前时,不管它们是真实的,还是比喻性的,他们会毫不犹豫地(hesitate)打开门走过去。
Cloze 2 [2019全国Ⅰ]语篇类型:夹叙夹议文 主题:保护乞力马扎罗山 词数:226 难度:★★★★ 建议时间:20分钟 高考真题 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I'm 44 about the place — other destinations are described as "purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49. The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000
meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41.A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring42.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters43.A. position B. age C. face D. name44.A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy45.A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate46.A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones47.A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean48.A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 49.A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50.A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight51.A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded52.A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose53.A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials54.A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to55.A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits56.A. match B. imagine C. count D. add57.A. village B. desert C. road D. lake58.A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally59.A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial60.A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
命题分析▶素养解读1.文章叙议结合,需要考生能够比较清晰地把握文章的行文逻辑,考查考生的思维品质。2.本文涉及基于新课标下"人与自然"主题范畴的环境保护的问题,引发考生深入思考,关注自然和生态,保护自然环境,探索人与自然和谐相处之道。▶材料出处改编自美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)2014年发表的一篇文章。
庖丁解牛▶语篇结构
▶熟词生义①face 常见义:n.脸,面部表情 本文义:n.某个地方的外观②pay off 常见义:付清(及物动词短语) 本文义:成功,奏效(不及物动词短语)
解题思路 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,讲述了乞力马扎罗山(Kilimanjaro)的环境污染以及坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局努力治理之后环境的改观,同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统,旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。41.D 根据首段第一句"Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro"和下文的"The 42 might damage the beauty of the place"可知,此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。bring"带来"符合语境。keep"保留";mix"混合";connect"连接"。 42.C 根据首段第一句中的"40,000 people"可知,此处指登山的人群可能破坏了这个地方的美景。crowd"人群"符合语境。story"故事";
building"建筑物";reporter"记者"。 43.C 根据上文的"damage the beauty of the place"和"The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing"可知,这里指冰川正在消失,改变了乞力马扎罗山的地貌。face"某个地方的外观"符合语境。 position"位置"; age"年龄,时代"; name"名称,名字"。44.B 上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏,我对这个地方持怀疑态度——其他的目的地被描述为"更纯净的"自然体验。silent"沉默的"; skeptical"怀疑的"; serious"严肃的";crazy"疯狂的"。45.A 根据下一句中的find和第三、四段的描述可知,不久,我就发现,自读到关于营地里有很多垃圾的令人不安的报道以来,情况已经发生了很
大变化。discover"发现";argue"争论";decide"决定";advocate"提倡,主张"。 46.C 根据下文的"with toilets at camps and along the paths"可知,此处指营地里有很多垃圾。camp"营地"符合语境。equipment"设备"; grass"草地";stone"石块"。47.D 上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化,此处指我发现了一座干净的山,营地和沿途都有厕所。remote"偏远的";quiet"安静的";tall"高的";clean"干净的"。48.C 由上文的"tons of rubbish"可知,此处指环境(面临)的挑战是巨大的。new"新的";special"特别的";significant"重大的,影响明显的";
necessary"必要的"。49.A 挑战虽大,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。pay off "奏效,成功",符合语境。spread out"伸展,散开";blow up"爆炸";fade away"逐渐消失"。50.B 根据第二段中的natural experience以及空后的"isn't reaching the top"可知,空处指登山的最好体验。atmosphere"气氛,大气"; experience"体验";experiment "实验";sight"视力,景象"。51.D 根据语境和常识可知,在许多文化中,山被认为是精神之所在。be regarded as为固定搭配,意为"被视为",符合语境。study"研究"; observe"观察,庆祝";explore"探索"。
52.A 在几千米的空间里,登山者穿过五个生态系统,这种观点(山被认为是精神之所在)在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。view"观点";quality"质量";reason"原因";purpose"目的"。53.B 此处指登山者。scientist"科学家";climber"登山者";local"当地人"; official"官员"。54.D 此处介绍乞力马扎罗山的植被情况:在乞力马扎罗山的不同海拔高度,生长着不同的植被。乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带雨林,它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断,取而代之的是低矮的植物。hold on to"抓紧";go back to"追溯到,回到";live up to"不辜负";give way to"被……代替"。
55.A 根据空后对天气状况的解释说明可知,此处指再往上走,天气变了——低垂的云笼罩着山坡,山坡上长满了茂密的草。change"变化"; clear"放晴";improve"改善,提高";permit"许可,允许"。 56.C 根据空后的内容可知,此处指从我站的地方,我数了数有十二种绿色。match"相配";imagine"想象";count"数……的数目";add"增加"。57.B 根据空后的"gravel (砾石), stones and rocks"可知,海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠,布满砾石、石头和岩石。village"村庄";desert"沙漠";road"道路";lake"湖泊"。58.D 前文提到登山者要在几千米的空间内穿过五个生态系统,此处表示,最后,你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带。obviously"明显地";easily
"容易地"; consequently"结果";finally "最后,终于"。59.A 根据空前的"arctic-like zone"可知,此处是指像北极一样的地带,所以这里应该有永久积雪。permanent"永久的,永恒的"符合语境。little"小的";fresh"新鲜的";artificial"人造的,人工的"。60.B 纵观全文并根据本文最后一句"I found the opposite to be true"可知,作者认为乞力马扎罗山仍是宁静的。把选项一一代入可知,B项deserve符合语境,deserve one's reputation意为"应该得到……的名声",即发问乞力马扎罗山是否应得到这样的名声,随后又回答事实正好相反。enjoy"享受……的乐趣"; save"节省,保存";acquire"获得"。
Cloze 3 [2018全国Ⅲ]语篇类型:记叙文 主题:发错短信引发的故事 词数:237 难度:★★★ 建议时间:15分钟高考真题 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say "sorry, 41 number!" and move on. But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43 . On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the 45 of a baby.
"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken," Dennis 46 . The baby was born and update texts were 47 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her 48 , she didn't seem to realize that she was 49 the baby's photos with a complete stranger. "Well, I don't 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby," replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in. Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother
Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. "I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts." Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: "What a 58 this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this." The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
41.A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong42.A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43.A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical44.A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning45.A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival46.A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47.A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around 48.A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort 49.A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing
50.A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51.A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors52.A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53.A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54.A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55.A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect56.A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted57.A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied58.A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59.A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60.A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
命题分析▶素养解读文章讲述了一个由一条错发的短信引发的故事,字里行间流露出满满的善意,体现了人与人之间和谐的关系,把积极的价值观传递给考生,引导考生以友好的方式思考生活当中的一些问题,养成良好的思维品质,培养人文情怀。▶试题分析 文章考查了动词(10个)、名词(6个)和形容词(4个),突出对语篇层次和意义的考查。
庖丁解牛▶材料特点文章选材贴近社会生活实际,启迪考生思考人生。▶熟词生义①bear常见义:n. 熊 v. 忍受,承受,生(孩子) 本文义:v. 携带②chance常见义:n. 机会,可能性,偶然 本文义:adj. 意外的,碰巧的a chance meeting邂逅
解题思路 文章主要讲述了Dennis在收到陌生人短信后礼貌回复并到医院探望新生儿的故事。41.D 根据上文中的"When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person"及"sorry"可知,此处表示"错误的号码",故选wrong"错误的"。42.A 根据上文中的"get a text message"可知,此处所填词的词义应与"get"一致,故选received"收到"。translate "翻译"; copy"复印,抄写"; print"印刷,刊登"。43.B 根据句首的"But"及下文内容可知,Dennis所做的事有别于常人,
故选special"不寻常的,特别的"。reasonable"合理的,公道的"; necessary"必要的"; practical"实际的,切实可行的"。44.C 根据语境可知,手机短信告诉(informing)他,一对他不认识的夫妇正在医院等待宝宝的到来。convince"使确信,说服"; remind"提醒,使想起";warn"警告"。45.D 根据第46空后的"The baby was born and..."可知,此处填入的词在语义上应与"born"一致,故选arrival。wake-up"唤醒"; recovery"痊愈,复苏"; growth"生长,增长"。46.A 根据"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken"可知,此处是Dennis回复的短信内容,故选responded"回复"。
interrupt"插嘴,打扰,使中断";predict"预言,预报"; repeat"重复"。47.A 根据下文内容可知,Dennis收到了新短信,故选coming in"到达,被收到"。set out"起程,开始工作"; pass down"流传,使世代相传"; move around "四处走动"。 48.C 根据上文中的"The baby was born and...the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa"可知,此处填入的词应与 "overjoyed(欣喜若狂的)"在语义范畴上一致,故选excitement。49.D 根据语境可知,此处表示Teresa似乎没意识到她正在和一个陌生人分享(sharing)婴儿的照片。compare"比较,对比"; exchange"交换"; discuss"讨论"。
50.B 根据上下文语境可知,此处表示"虽然我不认识(know)你们,但我会到那儿和小婴儿拍合影"。51.A 此处表示Dennis还没问这对新手父母在哪个房间,故选parents。 52.B 根据下文中的"He turned up at the hospital...the unexpected visit"可知,Dennis履行了他的承诺(promise),他带着(bearing) 礼物去看了新手妈妈Lindsey和她的宝宝。dream"梦想"; agenda"议事日程";principle"原则,规范,信条"。53.A 参见上题解析。54.C Lindsey的丈夫对Dennis突如其来的到访震惊(astonished)极了。discouraged"泄气的";relaxed"放松的";defeated"沮丧的"。
55.C Dennis的到访虽然出乎他们的意料,但他们对此还是非常感激(appreciate)的。56.D 根据本段最后一句中的"The post has since gained"可知,此处指Teresa在社交网站上张贴(posted)了一张照片。57.D 根据语境可知,Teresa在发布照片的同时,还附上(accompanied)了感人的话语。confirm"确认"; simplify"使简化"; clarify"阐明,澄清,净化"。58.B 这个年轻人(的到来)对我们家来说是多大的一个福气(blessing)啊! pity"同情";relief"宽慰,解脱,缓和";problem"问题"。59.C 根据语境可知,此处填入的词应与其后的"kind"在语义范畴上保
持一致,故选sweet (善良的,好心的)。smart"衣着讲究的,聪明的,高档的,敏捷的";calm"沉着的,风平浪静的"; fair"合理的,公正的,晴朗的"。60.B 根据下文中的"receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days"可知,帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。sympathy"同情";control"控制";trust"信任"。
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
考法帮·解题能力提升
命题透视 完形填空是综合性极强的题型,既考查考生在语境中灵活运用基础知识的能力,又考查考生对语篇主旨大意、逻辑结构和传递的情感态度的理解能力。有些试题需要考生在把握语篇主题、理解文意的基础上才能找到正确答案。 1 [2020甘肃天水一中二模]Are you going to school for something your parents pushed on you? Are you doing things just because others expect you to? I found many 1 in my life coaching lessons. The biggest one some students are having is that they are living a life someone else has 2 for them.
考法1 考查对语篇主旨的整体把握
Why on earth would someone live a life that someone else wants for him? Usually, the main 3 is his parents. When we're growing up, we must do what our parents want us to do. We really don't have our own 4 . The problem is that most parents are overly 5 that they know what's the best for their children. Many parents 6 their children to make certain educational 7 . Some parents won't 8 their children's college, unless the children learn 9 what the parents decide. Parents aren't the only ones 10 their ideas on my students. I have some students who are doing jobs they really
11 , but their friends or relatives would not support them if they apply for a 12 job they like better. Are you allowing others to decide what life you are living now? If so, it is a 13 . Even if you are about to 14 for college and you find that the only way your parents will pay school fees for you is that you take up Business, but you want to 15 Art...at this moment I don't 16 that you choose the major where you have no 17 . Follow your heart.
Remember, 18 choose your major or job that you don't like just because of others' ideas. If you choose what you like, you will be a(n) 19 person and will positively influence others. Live the life you want from now on and you will get 20 . 1.A. students B. problems C. examples D. results2.A. designed B. trained C. introduced D. expressed3.A. regulation B. reason C. news D. information4.A. excuses B. complaints C. wishes D. options5.A. excited B. worried C. confident D. careful
6.A. expect B. permit C. agree D. teach7.A. challenges B. practices C. experiences D. achievements8.A. turn to B. learn about C. pay for D. drop in9.A. approximately B. nearly C. gradually D. precisely10.A. offering B. forcing C. depending D. trying11.A. hate B. enjoy C. appreciate D. accept12.A. familiar B. similar C. different D. terrible13.A. mistake B. chance C. decision D. character14.A. send B. look C. head D. wait15.A. refuse B. learn C. change D. copy
16.A. remember B. trouble C. mind D. suggest17.A. interest B. explanation C. advantage D. preparation18.A. sometimes B. never C. often D. still19.A. beautiful B. clever C. contented D. honest20.A. success B. happiness C. wealth D. assistance解析 本文为议论文。作者告诉我们:选择自己喜欢的事情,不受他人影响,遵从自己的内心,这样才会获得快乐,也会给他人带来积极的影响。1.B 由文章开头两句"Are you going to school for something...others expect you to?"提到的两方面的问题及下文中的"The biggest one"可知,此处是说在作者的人生辅导课上,他发现了很多问题。
student"学生";problem"问题";example"例子";result"结果"。2.A 根据前文作铺垫的两个问题及后文中的"Why on earth would someone live a life that someone else wants for him?"可知,作者认为一些学生遇到的最大问题是他们过着别人已经为他们设计好的生活。 design"设计";train"训练";introduce"介绍";express"表达"。3.B 上一句是Why引出的疑问句,此处回答上文提的问题,强调原因。语境表示"通常,主要原因是他的父母"。regulation"规则";reason"原因";news"消息"; information"信息"。4.D 根据上一句"When we're growing up,we must do what our parents want us to do"可知,在成长的过程中,我们必须做父母想让
我们做的事,我们真的没有自己的选择。excuse"借口";complaint"抱怨";wish"愿望";option"选择"。 5.C 此处是说问题在于大多数父母过于自信,认为他们知道什么对孩子最好。excited"激动的";worried"担忧的";confident"自信的";careful"仔细的"。6.A 这里主要讲学生学业方面的选择以及遇到的问题,故推知此处是说许多家长期望他们的孩子能在学业上有某种成就。expect"期望"; permit"允许";agree"同意";teach"教"。7.D 参见上题解析。challenge"挑战";practice"实践";experience"经历";achievement"成就"。
8.C 根据下文中的"unless the children learn 9 what the parents decide"可知,此处表示除非孩子们恰好学习父母决定的(专业),否则一些父母不会为孩子上大学付钱。turn to"向……求助";learn about"了解";pay for"支付";drop in"顺便访问"。 9.D 参见上题解析。approximately"大约";nearly"几乎";gradually"逐渐地";precisely"恰好地,准确地"。10.B 由语境及下一句中的"but their friends or relatives would not support them"可知,此处强调的是一种强迫的行为,即不是只有父母把他们的想法强加给作者的学生。offer"提供";force"强迫";depend"依靠";try"尝试"。
11.A 根据下文中的"but their friends or relatives would not support them if they apply for a 12 job they like better"可知,前后为转折关系,后面说如果他们去找他们更喜欢的工作亲戚朋友不支持,那么前文应指一些学生做着他们非常讨厌的工作。hate"讨厌"; enjoy"喜爱";appreciate"欣赏";accept"接受"。 12.C 一个是他们讨厌的工作,一个是他们喜欢的工作,所以应该是说一份不同的工作。familiar"熟悉的";similar"相似的";different"不同的"; terrible"可怕的"。13.A 语境表示"你会允许其他人决定你现在过的生活吗?如果允许,那就是一个……"。根据后文可知作者不赞成这种做法,故mistake符合语
境。mistake"错误";chance"机会";decision"决定";character"性格"。14.C 由空后的"for college"和后半句中的"you find that the only way your parents will pay school fees for you"可知,父母为你支付学费,那么你应该是即将上大学。head for"朝着……行进",符合语境。15.B 由"but"可知,前后为转折关系, 前面说你选择商科专业你的父母才为你支付学费,后面应该表示"你想学习艺术",故B项正确。16.D 根据下文中的"Follow your heart"可知,作者建议遵从自己的内心;由此可知,作者不建议选择你不感兴趣的专业。remember"记得"; trouble"使苦恼";mind"介意";suggest"建议"。17.A 参见上题解析。interest"兴趣";explanation"解释";advantage
"优势"; preparation"准备"。18.B 根据上文中的"Follow your heart"及下文中的"choose your major or job that you don't like just because of others? ideas"可知,此处应该用含否定含义的词。sometimes"有时";never"从不";often"常常";still"仍然"。19.C 根据下文中的"and will positively influence others"可知,如果选择自己喜欢的事情你将是一个心满意足的人,并将给他人带来积极的影响。contented"满意的,满足的,惬意的"符合语境。20.B 由语境可知,选择自己喜欢的事情,过自己想要的生活,这样才会获得快乐。success"成功";happiness"快乐";wealth"财富";assistance"帮助"。
方法总结 完形填空主要考查学生对整体语篇的理解能力和对细节的分析把握能力,要求学生在做题时能够准确把握作者的写作意图,同时能够瞻前顾后,充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系,仔细推敲,最终还原语篇。如本篇第20题,学生必须首先抓住作者想要表达的主题,即"选择自己喜欢的事情才会获得快乐",然后围绕这一主题进行选择。很明显,作者并没有在文中强调学生要获得成功或者财富,仅仅是想让自己的学生活得快乐、幸福,所以happiness符合语境。
命题透视 高考非常重视考查考生对文章上下文语境及逻辑关系的把握,通过考查行文逻辑,进一步考查考生对文章大意的正确理解和考生的思维能力。 2 [2020浙江]One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37(mother) , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38(tend to) it while Don stayed in his seat. Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to
考法2 考查语篇行文逻辑
see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.36.A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned 39.A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined40.A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult 解析 36. 根据空后中的"The lamb had become separated from its 37(mother)"可推知,此处应该是作者看见(spotted)一只迷路的小羊。故选B。39. 根据上文中的"I jumped out of the tractor to 38(tend to) it"可知,作者发现一只迷路的小羊,于是跳下拖拉机去照顾它;再根据空后的"I
turned back to the tractor"可以判断此处说的是小羊与它的妈妈重聚了(reunited)。故选C。 40. 根据空后的原因状语从句"because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out"可知,作者跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以当作者看到拖拉机突然离作者而去时,作者感到十分意外。unexpected"出乎意料的";dangerous"危险的";embarrassing"令人尴尬的";difficult"困难的"。故选A。方法总结 利用语义关联解题 "语义关联"是指支撑文章主题的句子之间、句群之间、段落之间的意义衔接和走向。语义关联题旨在考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力,考
生如果没有整体意识,往往很难找出正确答案。解答此类题目时,需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的连贯性。换言之,要充分考虑上下文语境,根据语义的连贯性解题。 3 [2021四川成都摸底考试]I was once told that I shouldn't have kids, because it could be born with Asperger's syndrome (阿斯伯格综合征),like me. I answered, "Would you have given the same advice to my 41(parents) ?" "Well,"came the answer, "look at all the 42 and pain you've had. Surely you wouldn't 43(wish) that on a child." 42.A. joy B. wealth C. dreams D. difficulties
解析 根据空后的"and pain"可知,空处和pain并列,感情色彩一致,再结合选项可知,只有difficulties"困难"符合语境。故选D。 4 [2020重庆三模]Slat's life began to 22(change) after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. Before taking a diving course, he had 23(expected) to see beautiful sea animals. However, what he 24 saw in the ocean was an awful lot of 25(plastic) waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a 26(project) to find a solution to this alarming problem. 27(Struck) by the idea for a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the oceans, he 28(founded) his company at the age of 18. Although the idea was named one of
the best 29(inventions) of 2015 by TIME, he received 30 feedback from the specialists in 31(environmental) issues. 24.A. suddenly B. actually C. probably D. rarely30.A. positive B. valuable C. negative D. immediate解析 24.句意:然而,在海洋中他实际上看到的是大量的塑料垃圾。根据前文中的"he had 23(expected) to see beautiful sea animals"和空前的"However"可知,本句与前文构成转折关系,说明实际上(actually)看到的是垃圾。故选B。30.Although在此引导让步状语从句,从句提及了"the idea was named one of the best 29(inventions)",因此空处所选形容词应为体现相反含义的词negative(消极的)。故选C。
方法总结 巧用逻辑关系标志词解题 从逻辑关系的角度把握整体是解答完形填空题的最佳途径。考生可以通过明显的表示逻辑关系的标志性词,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在备选项中找出有相同逻辑意义的选项。这样就会使题目的难度大大降低。常见的逻辑关系标志词有以下几类:1.表示转折、对比的however, but, while等。2.表示因果、目的的therefore, consequently, since, so, in order to等。3.表示递进的besides, in addition, what's more等。4.表示时间的before, after, when, while, until, later等。5.表示"平行结构"的and, or, as well as等。
5 [2018全国Ⅰ]During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a "free" course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits...I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54(classroom) . 53.A. game B. presentation C. course D. experiment解析 本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设空,是一个完整的句子。据此可知,作者是一名大学二年级的学生,听说教育系有一门免费的课程,可以得三个学分。文章的首句将作者的身份以及故事的背景、地点和主要内
考法3 考查利用已知信息的能力
容完全交代出来了。根据这些信息可预测,下文应该是讲述作者参加这个课程的故事,因此,第53题应选择course"课程"。故选C。方法总结 利用首句信息解题 完形填空文章的首句一般是全文的关键句,是文章的"文眼"。通过它,考生可以大致了解全文的概貌和作者的立意。首句一般不设空,考生应该充分利用此句给出的信息,将它作为一个解题的突破口。细心阅读并分析首句,往往能获取许多解题信息。除了文章首句以外,考生还可以利用段落首句来把握文章大意。主题句有时会出现在段落的开头。
6 [2018浙江11月]...Still stuck. Meanwhile 39 was breaking out in the class... To get the students back in order, I 43(shared) my own story of getting my 44 stuck between the rails of a balcony. Same kind of curiosity, I remembered 45(wondering) then how far I could thrust(塞)my knee between the rails. Inch by inch, I kept 46(pushing) and before I knew it, my knee was stuck... 39.A. fire B. chaos C. violence D. argument44.A. head B. knee C. arm D. foot
解析 39.根据下一段开头的"To get the students back in order"可知,此处表示当时教室里非常混乱,chaos意为"混乱",符合语境。故选B。44.从下文中的"could thrust(塞)my knee between"及"my knee was stuck"可得出答案,该空属于词汇复现。故选B。方法总结 利用复现信息解题 在完形填空中,有些题目仅仅依据设空所在句的句意或设空前后句的语境无法作出正确判断。在这种情况下,我们要意识到该题的答案肯定会出现在文中某处,我们把这种现象称作"信息复现"。信息复现主要包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。做题时,仔细查找上下文,利用这些复现信息解题,往往又快又准。
命题透视 文化背景知识也是高考考查的必备知识之一。完形填空的语篇一般选取原汁原味的英语文章,其涉及的文化背景知识非常丰富,且题目设置有时也会渗透着自然科学、中西方文化、人文风俗、历史文化等方面的知识,也常出现中学生能够感知和体验的日常生活情境。方法点拨 利用文化及生活常识解题 在做此类题时,考生可适当利用自身储备的文化背景知识和生活常识,对语境进行分析和判断,最后选出答案。这将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间。因此考生需要在平时的学习生活中积累丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识,逐渐培养一定的判断能力,加强不同学科间知识的融合,提高综合能力。
考法4 考查文化背景和生活常识
在课堂上,考生可以结合教材进行跨文化知识的学习,比较英汉思维模式的差异,有意识地参照恰当的文化背景来进行交流;在课外,考生需要广泛阅读,多渠道汲取文化养分,在阅读过程中多注意其中的文化细节,以便更深层次地理解语言背后的文化因素。考生可以参加戏剧表演,观看外国电影,接触西方国家的文化,以轻松愉悦的心情体验外国文化并感悟其文化内涵;还可以与外国友人面对面地用英语交流,或与外国网友交流,在直接的交流中理解外国文化,锻炼自己跨文化交际的能力。 7 [2020浙江金丽衢十二校联考]We love letters. Just as John Donne, a poet, 16(put) it, "Letters, to me andmy friends mean 17(more than) greetings; they get souls together. Thanks to
letters, friends who are 18(absent) speak."He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago. Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media and email, they 19(still) ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a 20 event. 20.A. popular B. common C. rare D. simple解析 根据常识可知,在这个即时短信、社交媒体和电子邮件被广泛应用的时代,人们很少写信,因此写信或收信已经成了一件稀罕事。故选C。
命题透视 近几年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力提出了更高的要求,主要体现在加大了对较生僻的名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词等实词(主要是课标双星词、派生词)词义的考查力度,同时也加大了对基础词活用的考查力度。方法点拨 完形填空对词汇的考查以实词为主,因此,考生在复习备考过程中,除了要夯实基础,掌握基本的词汇知识外,还应特别关注一词多义、熟词生义等现象,注意积累完形填空中的高频语块,掌握构词法的相关知识,扩充词汇储备。
考法5 考查具体语境中的词语辨析
8 [2020浙江1月]...I took advantage of my brief 39(freedom) to dash across the lawn(草坪) — and hit a large maple tree!I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside. Mom 41 me to start crying,but I just sat there for a minute. Then I 42 myself up and kept right on going. Mom always 43(adds) here that, as many times as I 44 across the lawn after that,I never again 45 into that tree. Mom loves to use this story as an 46(example) . It reminds her that children don't enter life 47(afraid) to take risks or unwilling to 48(try) again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose that 49 as I grew older.
40.A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept41.A. promised B. encouraged C. allowed D. expected42.A. woke B. picked C. warmed D. gave44.A. drove B. lived C. stood D. zoomed45.A. crashed B. broke C. climbed D. looked49.A. honesty B. toughness C. kindness D. curiosity解析 40.bounce off从……弹回。此处是说因为作者跑得太快了,撞在树干上被弹回,并仰面着地。 land on one's backside"仰面着地",land在此处用作动词,表示"降落,着陆"。故选A。41.由前一句作者仰面着地的状况,空后的"me to start crying,but I just
sat there for a minute"及选项可知,应该是母亲预料作者会哭。故选D。42.结合前文描述,再根据空后的"myself up and kept right on going"可知,作者站起来,继续前进。pick oneself up"(跌倒后)站起来"。 wake...up"唤醒……";warm...up"使……活跃起来";give...up"放弃……"。故选B。44.结合上文中的"dash across the lawn(草坪)"可知,此处表示与上文相同的情况,作者以后很多次快速跑过草坪。zoom"快速移动"符合语境。zoom属于较生僻的词,部分考生由于词汇知识掌握不牢固而选错。故选D。 45.结合语境及上文中的"hit a large maple free"可知,有了这次经历之
后,作者再也没有撞到那棵树上。因此选crashed,意为"撞击"。故选A。49.上文讲到了作者的坚强,结合空处语境可知,此处是说,母亲不想让作者失去那份韧性。toughness属于派生词,考生可根据tough"坚强的,坚韧不拔的"来推断toughness的含义,toughness"韧性,坚韧"; honesty"诚实"; kindness"善良";curiosity"好奇心"。故选B。 9 [2020北京海淀区二模]However, while being there, I got phenomenal 15(energy) from all the runners, smiling and applauding constantly. Not a runner myself, I thought maybe I could give running a 16 , just to try, to use my neglected gym
membership and see where it 17(takes) me. And so I tried. I went to my local gym the next morning and got on a treadmill (跑步机).I was out of breath by the fifth minute, but I 18(slowed) down, walked for a bit and then restarted. I came back the next day, hoping to 19 a few minutes longer. By the end of two weeks, I could run for 30 minutes, which was a huge 20(success) . 16.A. lift B. shot C. break D. choice19.A. last B. walk C. rest D. function
解析 16.根据"just to try"可知,作者想试试跑步。shot作名词常见义项为"射击;射门;注射;镜头", 这里意为"尝试,努力",属于熟词生义。故选B。19.上文说第五分钟时作者已经上气不接下气了,再结合空后的"a few minutes longer"可知,这里表示作者第二天又来了,希望自己可以多持续几分钟。last在此作动词,表示"持续,延续"。故选A。
命题透视 近几年的完形填空题仍保持对习惯用法和词语搭配进行考查,通过考查习惯搭配来考查考生的词汇储备和运用能力。方法点拨 牢记固定搭配 词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配,特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配,在完形填空题中占有一定比例。如果考生在备考时能牢固地掌握常见的习惯用法或固定搭配,并在解题时灵活运用,就能达到事半功倍的效果。 10 When our girls are brave enough, they are free to explore in their learning and in life. That exploration leads to the
考法6 考查词语习惯搭配
discovery of their talents, passions and weaknesses. On Saturday night I saw one of our students act so bravely that it took my 22 away. 22.A. pain B. breath C. faith D. concern解析 句意:星期六晚上,我看到我们的一名学生表现得如此勇敢,这令我惊叹。take one's breath away是固定搭配,表示"令某人惊叹"。故选B。 11 [2020东北三省四市模拟]I laughed my head 28 while going out with friends, and cried my eyes out at the death of a loved one while traveling.
28.A. down B. in C. out D. off解析 这里表示"当我和朋友们外出时,我大笑不止"。laugh one's head off为习惯搭配,意为"大笑不止,狂笑不已",与后面的cried my eyes out形成鲜明的情感对比。其他选项不能构成搭配。cry one's eyes out意为"痛哭不止"。故选D。
分类记忆完形重点词汇 以下为近三年高考完形填空的选项中出现过的重点词汇,考生在备考时,可分类进行强化记忆。1.动词(词组)accompany陪伴;为……伴奏[2018全国Ⅲ]address称呼;演说;写姓名地址[2019北京]admit承认;准许进入[2020全国Ⅰ]adopt采用;收养[2019全国Ⅱ]advocate提倡,主张[2020江苏;2019全国Ⅰ]allocate分配[2020全国Ⅱ] analyze分析[2018全国Ⅰ]
appeal呼吁;有吸引力;上诉[2018全国Ⅱ]appoint委派,任命[2020天津] assess评估[2019北京]assume假定[2020全国Ⅲ] attach附,系,贴[2020全国Ⅱ] attempt企图,尝试[2020全国Ⅰ、 江苏、天津]bargain讨价还价[2020全国Ⅱ]bathe(以光线)撒满,覆盖;使沐浴(在光线里)[2018全国Ⅱ]bear忍受;承受 [2018全国Ⅲ] blow up爆炸;充气[2019全国Ⅰ]break down使分解;发生故障;失败;垮掉 [2020天津]calm down(使)平静,镇静,安静[2019全国Ⅱ]cancel 取消,撤销[2020全国Ⅱ] catch up赶上[2020浙江]
cater for满足需要,适合[2020江苏]claim要求;宣称,断言[2020 & 2018天津;2020江苏]clarify阐明,澄清[2018全国Ⅲ]come along跟着来;不期而至;进步[2019天津]confirm确认,证实[2018全国Ⅲ]convince使信服;说服[2020天津;2019北京;2018全国Ⅲ]cool down使冷却下来;使变凉[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]count数数;重要[2019全国Ⅰ] deliver 递送;发表[2019北京]depend on依赖,依靠;取决于[2018天津] deserve值得[2019全国Ⅰ] distinguish 辨别,分清[2020江苏]
encounter遭遇;邂逅[2019天津] evaluate评估 [2018全国Ⅰ]expand扩大[2018天津] expose揭露;暴露[2020全国Ⅱ、江苏]fade away逐渐消失;衰弱[2019全国Ⅰ]forbid禁止;阻止[2019全国Ⅲ、江苏]frame表达;制订;给……做框[2020全国Ⅱ]get hold of抓住;理解[2020全国Ⅰ]give away赠送;泄露[2019浙江]give way to让步;让……先行[2019全国Ⅰ]go back to追溯到;回到[2019全国Ⅰ] hold back阻挡;踌躇;隐瞒;控制[2020浙江]
hold on to抓紧;坚持[2019全国Ⅰ] identify认出,识别[2019天津] imply暗示[2020天津]jump at匆匆得出(结论等);欣然接受[2018全国Ⅰ]keep off使……不接近 [2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、天津]live up to不辜负,符合[2019全国Ⅰ]look back回顾;回头看[2019天津] make out辨别;理解[2020天津] matter要紧[2019全国Ⅲ]measure测量[2019北京] move around走来走去[2018全国Ⅲ]pass down传递;流传[2018全国Ⅲ] pave铺;创造条件[2019北京]pay off偿清;买通;成功[2019全国Ⅰ]
permit允许,准许[2019全国Ⅰ]predict预言,预报[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东);2019全国Ⅱ、全国Ⅲ]purify 净化;精炼[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]put away把……放回原处;留存[2020天津、北京]quit停止;离开;退出;离任[2018浙江]recite背诵,朗诵[2019北京] reflect反映;反射[2020江苏]register登记;记录[2020全国Ⅱ] repeat重复;复述 [2019天津]reserve预订;保留[2020全国Ⅱ] reunite(使)重逢,再次相聚[2020浙江] roll over翻过来;将(债务)转期,允许延期偿还(欠款)[2019全国Ⅱ]
run into偶然遇见;撞上[2020浙江] seize抓住;夺取[2019江苏]set out出发;开始工作[2018全国Ⅲ] settle on选定,决定[2019北京]simplify使简化,使简易[2018全国Ⅲ]spot 发现,看见[2020浙江;2019天津]spread out伸展身体;摊开东西;散开[2019全国Ⅰ]stand out突出;出色;显眼[2020全国Ⅰ]stare at凝视[2020全国Ⅰ] submit顺从;提交 [2020全国Ⅱ]submit to屈服[2020江苏] swear发誓;咒骂[2020全国Ⅲ]switch改变;交换[2020浙江] take off起飞;脱掉;取消[2020浙江]
tear apart撕毁;使不快[2020天津] tend to倾向,易于;照料[2020浙江]tremble(因紧张、激动、惊慌等)颤抖,哆嗦[2019全国Ⅱ]urge鞭策;催促 [2019北京;2018全国Ⅰ]win out(克服困难)终获成功[2020全国Ⅰ]witness目击;见证[2020全国Ⅱ]2.名词 advance前进;进展[2018全国Ⅱ]agenda议事日程[2019江苏;2018全国Ⅲ]aid援助;帮助,救援 [2019浙江] alarm警报;警报器[2019天津]application应用;申请[2018北京]
atmosphere大气;空气[2019全国Ⅰ、天津]belongings财物[2020全国Ⅲ] blessing祝福;赞同[2018全国Ⅲ]bonus红利;意外收获 [2020 & 2019江苏]budget预算[2018江苏] burden负担 [2018浙江、天津]catalogue目录[2020全国Ⅲ] coincidence巧合[2018全国Ⅱ]colleague同事[2020全国Ⅰ] combination结合[2019江苏]comment评论;批评[2018全国Ⅰ]commitment承诺,保证;投入[2020江苏]companion同伴[2019江苏] competitor竞争者,对手[2018全国Ⅰ]conclusion结尾,结束;结论[2018天津] conflict冲突[2019浙江]
consequence结果,后果[2020全国Ⅰ;2019江苏]contents内容;目录[2019天津] convenience便利[2019北京]criterion标准,准则[2018全国Ⅰ]decline下降,减少[2019江苏;2018天津]defeat挫败[2018天津] delay延误[2019天津]delight高兴,快乐[2018全国Ⅱ]depression沮丧;萧条期[2020江苏]detail细节[2019天津;2018北京]dilemma(进退两难的)困境[2020江苏]discovery发现[2020 天津] fantasy幻想[2020全国Ⅰ]
finance金融,财政;资金[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]fortune运气;命运[2018天津] impression印象[2018全国Ⅰ]instructor讲师[2018全国Ⅰ] intention意图,打算[2020 & 2018天津]limitation限制;限度[2020江苏] negotiation谈判,协商[2019北京]opposition反对,反抗[2020江苏] presentation提交,出示[2018全国Ⅰ]privilege特权;荣幸[2019北京] qualification资格;资历[2018全国Ⅰ]receptionist接待员[2020全国Ⅲ] recovery恢复,痊愈[2018全国Ⅲ]recreation消遣,娱乐[2019江苏] relief减轻;轻松[2020全国Ⅰ;2018全国Ⅱ、全国Ⅲ]restriction限制,约束[2020全国Ⅰ] sacrifice牺牲,舍弃[2019江苏]
shame羞愧;耻辱[2018天津] shelter避难处[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]sympathy同情;支持[2018全国Ⅲ] target目标;靶子[2020全国Ⅰ]tension紧张;矛盾[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]thrill激动[2018天津] title标题;称号,头衔[2018全国Ⅰ]urge强烈的欲望[2018北京] urgency紧急,急迫[2018浙江]vehicle车辆,交通工具;手段[2020浙江]3.形容词accessible可得到的,可接近的,可进入的[2019天津]allergic过敏的;反感的[2019全国Ⅱ]artificial人造的[2019全国Ⅰ] awful糟糕的[2020浙江]
awkward令人尴尬的;笨拙的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、天津;2019北京]behavioral行为的[2020全国Ⅰ]beneficial有利的,有益的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]biological生物的;生物学的[2020全国Ⅰ]catastrophic灾难性的[2020江苏]concerned担心的;感兴趣的,关切的[2019天津]concrete具体的;实在的;混凝土制的[2020全国Ⅱ]constant不变的;不断的[2018江苏]convenient便利的,方便的[2019天津]crucial至关重要的[2020江苏]
demanding苛求的;费力的[2019浙江]desirable理想的,可取的[2020浙江]embarrassing为难的;令人尴尬的[2020浙江、天津]enthusiastic热心的,热情的,热烈的[2019天津]extra额外的[2019北京;2018浙江]extraordinary非凡的;特别的[2020江苏]extreme极度的[2019全国Ⅱ]fantastic极好的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)、江苏]flat平坦的;扁平的[2019全国Ⅲ]fresh新鲜的;清新的;新近的[2019全国Ⅰ]
illegal非法的,不合法的[2019 & 2018江苏]influential有很大影响的[2020江苏]innocent清白的,无辜的;纯真的[2020江苏]inspiring激励的,鼓舞人心的[2019江苏]longing渴望的[2019天津]loose疏松的;宽松的[2018江苏]occasional偶然的;临时的[2018江苏]particular专指的;特别的[2020全国Ⅲ]permanent永久的,长久的[2019全国Ⅰ]practical 可行的;实际的[2018全国Ⅲ]
precious珍奇的,珍稀的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]preventable可避免的,可预防的[2020江苏]rare稀罕的,珍贵的[2018全国Ⅰ]reasonable合理的;通情达理的;公道的[2018全国Ⅲ]reliable可靠的;可信的[2018 浙江]rewarding报酬高的;有益的,值得做的[2019 & 2018 浙江]ridiculous荒谬的,荒唐的[2019北京]risky有危险的,冒险的[2019天津]selfless无私的[2019天津] sharp灵敏的[2018全国Ⅱ]significant重要的;重大的[2019全国Ⅰ] skeptical怀疑的[2019全国Ⅰ]
smart时髦的;漂亮的;聪明的;敏捷的[2018全国Ⅲ]specific明确的;特定的[2020江苏] stubborn顽固的,执拗的[2020天津]suspicious可疑的;怀疑的[2019北京]thrilled欣喜若狂的[2018全国Ⅱ] tolerant宽容的,容忍的[2019江苏]tough棘手的,艰苦的[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]typical特有的;典型的,有代表性的[2020全国Ⅰ]unappealing不好看的,无吸引力的[2020全国Ⅱ]unexpected出人意料的[2020浙江]willing愿意的;乐于相助的[2019全国Ⅱ]
4.副词 anyway即使这样;无论如何[2020江苏]apparently看来,显然[2020全国Ⅱ]casually随便地;漫不经心地[2020全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅲ、江苏;2019全国Ⅱ]cautiously小心地,谨慎地[2019全国Ⅱ]cheerfully高高兴兴地 [2019江苏]constantly重复不断地[2020全国Ⅰ]consequently因此,所以[2019全国Ⅰ;2018江苏]continually不断地;频繁地[2020江苏]entirely完全地,全部地[2019浙江]
eventually最后,终于[2020全国Ⅱ、天津;2018全国Ⅰ、江苏]frankly老实说;坦率地[2018全国Ⅱ] frequently频繁地;经常[2020天津]gracefully优美地;得体地[2020江苏] gradually逐渐地[2019全国Ⅲ] honestly诚实地[2018天津] individually分别地,单独地[2018天津] initially最初[2018江苏]instead代替,反而[2019全国Ⅲ、江苏]moreover此外,而且 [2020 & 2019江苏]normally通常;正常地[2018全国Ⅰ]obviously显然[2020浙江;2019全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅲ]
occasionally偶尔[2020天津]otherwise否则[2020新高考Ⅰ(山东)]precisely精确地;恰好地[2019全国Ⅲ]previously先前地;之前[2020天津]purposefully有目的地[2020天津]randomly随机地[2020 天津]similarly相似地,类似地[2019全国Ⅲ]skillfully巧妙地;技术好地[2019全国Ⅱ]specifically专门地;明确地,具体地[2020全国Ⅱ]temporarily暂时地,临时地[2020全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅱ;2018江苏]
注意积累熟词生义 近几年高考完形填空对熟词生义的考查逐渐增多,考查考生结合语境灵活运用词汇的能力。以下是整理的近五年高考完形填空中考查过的熟词生义。
续表 除了选项中涉及较多熟词生义外,语篇中也会出现,比如2020全国Ⅲ最后一段中的row,常见含义为"一行,一排",但在该语境中表示"争吵",have a row with sb.表示"与某人争吵"。考生在平时多注意积累,在考试中才会游刃有余。
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