高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案设计，共21页。学案主要包含了策略学习，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【策略学习】
段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.Recent studies have fund psitive effects.A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example，discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime.In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
【分析】
·第一步 首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recent studies have fund psitive effects.是本段的主旨，后通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。
·第二步 析选项，斟酌判断：
·第三步 比对选项得出答案。
【素养提升】
一、阅读理解
1
Peple all want t imprve the way they study. Many students say that a lack f cncentratin is their biggest prblem. It seriusly affects their ability t study, s d their test results. If s, use these tips t help yu.
Study Techniques
Yu shuld always study in the same place. Yu shuldn’t sit in a psitin that yu use fr anther purpse. Fr example, when yu sit n a sfa t study, yur brain will think it is time t relax. Dn’t watch TV while yu are studying. Experts warn that yur cncentratin may be reduced by 50 percent if yu attempt t study in this way. Always try t have a white wall in frnt f yu, s there is nthing t distract (make less cncentrated) yu. Befre sitting dwn t study, gather tgether all the equipment yu need. Apart frm yur textbks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure yu have a dictinary. If yur study desk r table is needed when yu are nt studying, stre all yur equipment in a bx beside it.
Yur eyes will becme tired if yu try t read a text which is n a flat surface. Psitin yur bk at an angle f 30 degrees.
Be realistic and dn’t try t cmplete t much in ne study perid. Finish ne thing befre beginning anther. If yu need a break, get up and walk arund fr a few minutes, but try nt t telephne a friend r have smething t eat.
Test-taking Skills
All yur hard wrk will be fr nthing if yu are t nervus t take yur test. Getting plenty f rest is very imprtant. This means d nt study all night befre yur test! It is a better idea t have a lng-term study plan. Try t make a timetable fr yur study which lasts fr a few mnths.
Exercise is a great way t reduce pressure. Ding sme frm f exercise every day will als imprve yur cncentratin. Eat healthy fd t.
When yu arrive in the examinatin rm, find yur seat and sit dwn. Breathe slwly and deeply. Check the time n the clck during the test, but nt t ften. Abve all, take n ntice f everyne else and give the test paper yur undivided attentin.
1. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the secnd paragraph refer t?
A. Yur textbk.
B. Yur dictinary.
C. Yur study desk r table.
D. The equipment yu need.
2. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Yu shuldn’t lk at everyne else during the test.
B. Yu will have enugh energy t deal with yur study and exams by eating healthy diet.
C. A white wall is a must fr yu t cncentrate mre.
D. If yu feel tired during study, yu can walk arund fr a few minutes.
3. Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the passage?
A. Yu shuld study in a different place every day, s yu dn’t get bred.
B. Check the time during the exam at a certain time.
C. Yur cncentratin will imprve if yu study and watch TV at the same time.
D. Staying up all night and studying is tiring, but yu will learn a lt using this methd.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向学生介绍了一些学习技巧和考试技巧。
1. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句中“If yur study desk r table is needed when yu are nt studying(当你不学习的时候，如果你的书桌或桌子被需要)”可知，句中需要的是你的书桌或桌子。由此可知，“it”代指的是句中的“yur study desk r table”，句意为“把你所有的设备都保存在书桌或桌子旁边的盒子里。”故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“Exercise is a great way t reduce pressure. Ding sme frm f exercise every day will als imprve yur cncentratin. Eat healthy fd t.(锻炼是减压的好方法。每天做一些运动也能提高你的注意力。吃健康的食物也可以)”可知，通过健康饮食，你将有足够的精力应付学习和考试。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Check the time n the clck during the test, but nt t ften.(在考试期间查看时钟上的时间，但不要太频繁)”可知，在某个时间查看时间，不要太频繁。故选B项。
2
Fr sme students, there's nthing better than sitting back during schl breaks with sme friends, family and a cuple scary mvies, nt having t wrry abut hmewrk. There are als students (such as myself) wh get anxius during schl breaks because we dn't have anything t d. Over fall break I gt a slight head start n my hmewrk, wrte an article fr this paper, did sme laundry and ther chres and slept abut 10 hurs every day. And I still fund myself feeling bred.
During breaks many students take the pprtunity t camp while it's still warm utside, r ski if it's nt. But yu knw what's happening t the peple wh make a habit f aviding hmewrk r prductive activities ver breaks? They're messing up their sleeping patterns, by prcrastinating and then cramming in hmewrk that's suddenly due in tw days, and finally wishing the break culd last a little lnger.
This is why we shuld make it a pint t d hmewrk ver shrt breaks. I'm nt saying that prfessrs give students a 10-page essay t write r have them finish an entire bk during a break — I'm just encuraging students t make use f time t get ahead.
Breaks are fr family, friends and neself. Ding a lt f hmewrk during breaks can make ne feel burnt ut, but it will benefit everyne t take sme time t catch up r get ahead s that when the break ends and we have t pull urselves back t reality, we're nt left hping uselessly fr a lnger break.
When teachers give yu hmewrk ver fall break, they' re frcing yu t use yur break the way yu shuld. A break is meant t give yu the gift f time, and it shuld be used wisely. Wrk tday s yu can party tmrrw. Party tday and yu'll be hating the wrk tmrrw.
4. What d we knw abut the authr during schl breaks?
A. She desn't just want t get relaxed.B. She never gets bred due t her study.
C. She tries t keep herself as busy as pssible.D. She enjys the life withut hmewrk anxiety.
5. What des the underlined wrd “prcrastinating” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Depending n.B. Turning t.C. Picking ut.D. Putting ff.
6. Which f the fllwing statements wuld the authr agree with?
A. One shuld avid parties ver schl breaks.
B. Studying prperly ver schl breaks reduces stress.
C. Schl breaks are fr students t relax rather than study.
D. Students shuld d much hmewrk during schl breaks.
7. What's mst prbably the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T shw the imprtance f hmewrk.B. T explain why schl breaks are useful.
C. T tell us hw we shuld spend schl breaks.D. T give us sme tips n hw t study at hme.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中作者结合自身经历，说明我们应当利用学校放假时间来做作业，利用时间来取得进步。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are als students (such as myself) wh get anxius during schl breaks because we dn't have anything t d. Over fall break I gt a slight head start n my hmewrk, wrte an article fr this paper, did sme laundry and ther chres and slept abut 10 hurs every day. And I still fund myself feeling bred. (还有一些学生，比如我，在学校放假时感到焦虑，因为我们没有任何事情可做。在秋季休假期间，我在家庭作业上有了一个小小的起步，为这篇论文写了一篇文章，洗了一些衣服，做了一些其他的家务，每天睡了大约10个小时。但我还是觉得很无聊)”可知，在学校放假期间，作者尽量让自己忙起来。故选C。
5. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“But yu knw what's happening t the peple wh make a habit f aviding hmewrk r prductive activities ver breaks? (但你知道那些习惯在休息时不做作业或不做有意义的活动的人会怎么样吗？)”以及后文“and then cramming in hmewrk that's suddenly due in tw days”可知，那些习惯在休息时不做作业或不做有意义的活动的人会因为拖延把自己的睡眠模式打乱，到最后不得不突然要在两天内完成作业，即划线词意思是“拖延”。A. Depending n.取决于；B. Turning t.求助于；C. Picking ut.挑出；D. Putting ff.拖延。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Ding a lt f hmewrk during breaks can make ne feel burnt ut, but it will benefit everyne t take sme time t catch up r get ahead s that when the break ends and we have t pull urselves back t reality, we're nt left hping uselessly fr a lnger break. (在休息时间做大量的作业会让人感到焦头烂额，但花点时间追赶或进步会让每个人都受益，这样当休息结束，我们不得不把自己拉回现实时，就不会无用地希望有更长的休息时间)”可推知，B选项“在学校放假时间适当地学习可以减轻压力”的观点，作者可能认同。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Breaks are fr family, friends and neself. Ding a lt f hmewrk during breaks can make ne feel burnt ut, but it will benefit everyne t take sme time t catch up r get ahead s that when the break ends and we have t pull urselves back t reality, we're nt left hping uselessly fr a lnger break. (休息时间是给家人、朋友和自己的。在休息时间做大量的作业会让人感到焦头烂额，但花点时间追赶或进步会让每个人都受益，这样当休息结束，我们不得不把自己拉回现实时，就不会无用地希望有更长的休息时间)”以及最后一段中“When teachers give yu hmewrk ver fall break, they' re frcing yu t use yur break the way yu shuld. A break is meant t give yu the gift f time, and it shuld be used wisely.(当老师在秋假时给你布置作业，他们是在强迫你好好利用你的假期。休息是给你时间的礼物，应该明智地利用它)”结合文中作者结合自身经历，说明我们应当利用学校放假时间来做作业，利用时间来取得进步。可推知，作者写这篇文章最可能的目的是告诉我们应该怎样度过学校放假时间。故选C。
3
We have t admit that reading is nt a pleasant thing at schl. Reading is nt based n a child's interests, but t cpe with tests. When children are little we make them read alud, befre the teacher and ther children, s that we can be sure they "knw" all the wrds they are reading. This means that when they dn't knw a wrd, they are ging t make a mistake, right in frnt f everyne. After having taught fifth-grade classes fr fur years, I decided t try at all csts t rid them f their fear and dislike f bks, and t get them t read ftener and mre adventurusly.
One day, I said t them, "Nw, I wuld like yu t read a lt f bks this year, but I want yu t read them nly fr fun. I am nt ging t ask yu questins t find ut whether yu understand the bks r nt t ask yu what wrds mean. If yu understand enugh f a bk t enjy it and want t g n reading it, that's enugh fr me."
The children sat shcked and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, wh had just cme t us frm a schl where she had had a very hard time, lked at me steadily fr a lng time after I had finished. Then, still lking at me, she said slwly and seriusly, "Mr. Hlt, d yu really mean that?" I said just as seriusly, "I mean every wrd f it."
Later, she really astnished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. Frm a glimpse f the illustratins I thught she was reading Mby Dick(白鲸).I said, "Dn't yu find parts f it rather heavy ging?" She answered, "Oh, sure, but I just skip ver thse parts and g n t the next gd part.”
This is exactly what reading shuld be. Let the students make their wn decisins, find smething, dive int it, take the gd parts, skip the bad parts, get what yu can ut f it and g n t smething else.
8. What did the teacher tell his students t read fr?
A. Fr pleasure.B. Fr knwledge.
C. Fr a larger vcabulary.D. Fr higher scres in exams.
9. On hearing the teacher's talk, hw did the children prbably feel?
A. Stupid.B. Unreasnable.
C. Understandable.D. T gd t be true.
10. What can we learn frm the girl?
A. She skipped ver thse easy parts while reading.
B. She turned ut t be a tp student thrugh reading.
C. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
D. She learned t appreciate sme parts f the difficult bks.
11. What is the teacher's pint f view in the passage?
A. Reading requires teachers' guidance.
B. Reading helps students d well in schl.
C. Children shuld be left t decide what t read.
D. Children can nt tell gd parts frm bad nes.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者要求学生们为了乐趣读书的故事。
8. 细节理解退。根据文章第二段“Nw, I wuld like yu t read a lt f bks this year, but I want yu t read them nly fr fun.（现在，我想让你们今年读很多书，但我想让你们读它们只是为了好玩。）”可知，老师告诉学生读书的目的是为了乐趣。故选A项。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“After having taught fifth-grade classes fr fur years, I decided t try at all csts t rid them f their fear and dislike f bks, and t get them t read ftener and mre adventurusly.（在五年级教了四年书之后，我决定不惜一切代价让他们摆脱对书的恐惧和厌恶，让他们更经常、更大胆地阅读。）”和第二段“Nw, I wuld like yu t read a lt f bks this year, but I want yu t read them nly fr fun.（现在，我想让你们今年读很多书，但我想让你们读它们只是为了好玩。）”以及第三段“The children sat shcked and silent. Was this a teacher talking?（孩子们坐在那里，吓得一声不吭。这是老师在说话吗?）”可推断，听到老师的话，孩子们可能觉得老师让他们读书玩的做法好到令人难以置信。故选D项。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I said, "Dn't yu find parts f it rather heavy ging?" She answered, "Oh, sure, but I just skip ver thse parts and g n t the next gd part.”（我说：“难道你不觉得有些部分很难懂？”她回答说：“哦，当然，但我只是跳过那些部分，直接跳到下一个好的部分。”）”可知，女孩学会了欣赏困难书籍的某些部分。故选D项。
11. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is exactly what reading shuld be. Let the students make their wn decisins, find smething, dive int it, take the gd parts, skip the bad parts, get what yu can ut f it and g n t smething else.（这是阅读的真谛。让学生自己做决定，找到一些东西，深入其中，挑出好的部分，跳过不好的部分，从中得到你能得到的，然后继续学习其他的东西。）”可推断，文章中老师认为应该让孩子们自己决定读什么。故选C项。
4
In ne high schl bilgy class, almst fur in every 10 lw-incme students wuld fail the curse. But with sme simple practices t reduce test anxiety(焦虑), researchers cut that number in half.
Christpher Rzek is a psychlgist at Stanfrd University. He studies hw stress and ther things can affect leaning. Reducing test anxiety had raised test scres in several small studies, S Rzek and his team decided t test it n a larger scale. Rzek's grup wanted t knw if shrt stress-relief activities befre an exam wuld affect a student's grade. They tested 1,175 bilgy students at a large, public high schl in lllinis. At this schl, a little mre than half f lw-incme students fail their bilgy finals. Only 6 percent f high-incme students fail.
They divide the students int fur grups. One grup spent 10 minutes free-writing abut their fears. This was designed t clear the kids' heads s that they culd then fcus n the exam. Anther grup read hw the bdy respnds t stress and hw these can actually help with attentin. Then they answered reading cmprehensin questins. Students in a third grup did bth f these reading and writing activities. A furth grup, called the active cntrl grup, read a passage that tld them t just ignre their wrries.
Afterward, the students all tk their final test in bilgy. A ttal f 205 lw-incme students did ne r bth stress-relieving activities. On average, these students scred higher n the exam than their classmates in the cntrl grup. Indeed, 82 percent f them passed the class. Only 61 percent f the lwer-incme students in the cntrl grup passed. It didn't seem t matter whether a student read r free-wrte abut managing stress, r bth. All methds wrked equally well at helping students pass their tests.
Nearly all the high-incme kids passed the class whether they did the activities r nt. These students may be less nervus befre exams. Or they may have already learned ways t deal with the stress, Rzek says.
12. The cntrl grup in the study refers t the students wh .
A. did the free-writing abut their fearsB. were nt affected by their exam stress
C. were cntrlled t be active in examsD. received n stress-relieving training
13. We can learn frm the study that .
A. all the stress-relieving activities had a psitive effect n the lw-incme students
B. the high-incme students perfrmed as well as the lw-incme students
C. all the lw-incme students wh did stress-relieving activities passed the exam
D. Few lw-incme students wh did nt d stress-relieving activities passed the exam
14. Why did the stress-relieving activities make n difference fr the high-incme students?
A. Because they were very rich.
B. Because they had pssibly been trained.
C. Because they were nt nervus.
D. Because they had studied the subject well.
15. What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A. T present the result f a research.
B. T draw teachers' attentin t exam stress.
C. T intrduce a psychlgist at Stanfrd University.
D. T encurage students t d stress-relieving activities.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍压力对学生水平发挥的影响。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段对钱三组学生的介绍以及最后一句“A furth grup, called the active cntrl grup, read a passage that tld them t just ignre their wrries.”（第四组被称为主动控制组，他们读了一篇文章，告诉他们忽略自己的担忧）可知，该研究是针对接受过减压训练的学生，而主动控制组是指研究中没有接受减压训练的学生的，即：该研究的对照组。故选D项。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中句子“A ttal f 205 lw-incme students did ne r bth stress-relieving activities. On average, these students scred higher n the exam than their classmates in the cntrl grup.”（共有205名来自低收入家庭的学生参加了一项或两项减压活动。平均而言，这些学生的考试成绩比对照组的同学要高）可知，总共205名参加过减压活动的低收入家庭的学生成绩都比对照组高，也就是说所有的减压活动对低收入学生都有积极的影响。故选A项。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中句子“Nearly all the high-incme kids passed the class whether they did the activities r nt. These students may be less nervus befre exams. Or they may have already learned ways t deal with the stress, Rzek says.”（几乎所有高收入的孩子都通过了这门课，不管他们是否参加了这些活动。这些学生在考试前可能不会那么紧张。或者他们可能已经学会了应对压力的方法，Rzek说）可知，这些学生有可能受过训练，他们已经学会了应对压力的方法，因此能更好地发挥，不会紧张。故选B项。
15. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，该文以一高中生物考试研究入手，对压力学习分为两个小组进行研究，最终得出结论可知，文章的目的是介绍压力对于学习影响的研究结果。故选A项。
5
"Cnfidence" is prbably ne f the mst nticeable quality in the Americans. They shw cnfidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. Living and cmpeting with all these cnfident American students, I find it extremely imprtant t be cnfident as an internatinal student and teacher. As a student, being cnfident means yu shuld dare t raise yur hand whenever a questin r a pint cmes t yur mind. Dn't mind if it sunds simple r silly. Otherwise yu will never get a chance t speak in class at all. What's wrse, the prfessrs may think yu are nt prepared fr the discussin r yu d nt have yur wn pinin n the tpic — this is the last cmment any gradate wuld nt like t receive.
Being cnfident fr me as a freign teacher means calmly asking the student t repeat what he r she has said if I did nt get it. Pretending t understand what yu actually did nt may just bring yurself uneasiness r even shame. But the time I mst need t be cnfide is when my students cme t my ffice and bargain abut the grades I have given fr their speeches (The curse I'm teaching here is Public Speaking.) Mdesty is a quality highly valued in China, but it wn't be f much help here if yu want t survive and succeed in a gd American graduate prgram.
16. What shuld we d mst if we want t cmpete with American students?
A. Be quite cnfident.B. Be plite and friendly.
C. Have mre discussins.D. Knw what they think abut.
17. A prfessr will have the wrst pinin f a student wh .
A. gives a silly r simple answerB. tries t seize any chance t speak in class
C. shws n interest in theD. is cnsidered t have n pinin f his wn
18. The authr is mst likely t feel uneasiness if .
A. he asks a student t repeat what he has saidB. the students bargain with him
C. he pretends t knw what he desn'tD. he has t give a speech
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在和自信心很强的美国学生一块学习中自信心、以及发表主见的重要性。
16. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Living and cmpeting with all these cnfident American students, I find it extremely imprtant t be cnfident as an internatinal student and teacher.(与这些自信的美国学生一起生活和竞争，作为一名国际学生和老师，我发现自信是非常重要的)”可知，为了和这些信心很足的美国学生竞争，信心是很重要的。故选A。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“What's wrse, the prfessrs may think yu are nt prepared fr the discussin r yu d nt have yur wn pinin n the tpic---this is the last cmment any gradate wuld nt like t receive. (更糟糕的是，教授可能会认为你没有准备好讨论，或者你对这个话题没有自己的看法——这是任何一个毕业生都不愿意听到的评论)”可以看出，教授们对没有自己观点的学生评价最差。故选D。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Pretending t understand what yu actually did nt may just bring yurself uneasiness r even shame.(假装理解你实际上不懂的东西只会让你自己感到不安，甚至羞愧)”可知，如果作者假装知道他不知道的东西，他最有可能感到不安。故选C。
二、七选五
T put missing sentences int a text, yu have t wrk like an investigatr and lk fr clues. 19. Usually these streets were full f busy peple (Missing sentence).
It was cmpletely quiet n the streets utside. Guy thught it was strange. Nw they were cmpletely empty. The snw that had fallen lked like a carpet. Outside lked like inside.
The missing sentence refers back t a frmer sentence as there is a reference t streets (these streets). 20. In the missing sentence we knw that usually the streets were full. This links t the fllwing sentence as “nw they were empty”. Here “they” refers back t “the streets”.
Read all the sentences taken ut f the text. Read the text and match the sentences with the gaps yu are sure abut. 21. There will always be a link between these sentences and the missing sentence. Lk fr reference wrds. What d they refer t? Typical reference wrds include: persnal prnuns (I, yu, he, she...), pssessive prnuns (my, mine, yur...) and demnstrative prnuns (this, that, these, thse). Besides, lk fr discurse markers such as in additin, hwever, as a result, then, etc.
22. If yu think there are tw pssible sentences fr ne gap, write dwn bth answers and check again later. Write dwn all the pssibilities fr each gap. If yu make the wrng chice at the beginning, this may affect the rest f yur answers. Yu dn’t have t read the text in rder. Yu can mve backwards and frwards t different paragraphs.
There may be extra sentences yu dn’t need. 23.
A. Here are the tips n hw t rder paragraphs.
B. The missing sentence als refers t the next sentence.
C. This example and the tips that fllw shw yu hw.
D. Read the sentences befre and after the gap carefully.
E.Discurse markers are really imprtant t help yu find the missing sentences.
F.If yu are nt sure which sentence ges in the gap, leave it and mve n t the next.
G.But remember, there will always be a link between the crrect missing sentence and the text.
【答案】19. C 20. B 21. D 22. F 23. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍怎么把缺失的句子填进课文里。
19. 上文“T put missing sentences int a text, yu have t wrk like an investigatr and lk fr clues.（要把缺失的句子填进课文，你必须像调查员一样工作，寻找线索。）”提出问题，并说明怎样去解决，选项C“这个例子和下面的提示向你展示了怎么做。”承上启下，说明下面是解决问题的具体例子和提示，引出下文“Usually these streets were full f busy peple (Missing sentence).（通常这些街道上都是忙碌的人（缺失句）。）”一道例题，对缺失句子填空的举例说明。故选C项。
20. 上文“The missing sentence refers back t a frmer sentence as there is a reference t streets (these streets).（缺失的句子涉及到前面一句话，因为这里提到了街道（这些街道）。）”说明缺失的句子可以联系上文，选项B“缺失的句子也涉及到下一句。”与上文相对应，其中“als”是上文的并列补充，说明缺失的句子也可以联系下文。选项中The missing sentence als refers t the next sentence与上文中The missing sentence refers back t a frmer sentence对应相关。故选B项。
21. 下文“There will always be a link between these sentences and the missing sentence.（这些句子和缺失的句子之间总是有联系的。）”说明已有的句子和缺失的句子总是有联系的，选项D“仔细阅读空格前后的句子。”说明要仔细阅读空格前后的句子，因为他们和缺失的句子是有联系的。选项和下文是因果关系，下文中these sentences则指选项中the sentences befre and after the gap。故选D项。
22. 本段最后两句“Yu dn’t have t read the text in rder. Yu can mve backwards and frwards t different paragraphs.（你不必按顺序读课文。你可以前后移动到不同的段落。）”说明你不必按顺序读课文，可以前后移动，选项F“如果你不确定哪句话在空白处，留下它，继续下一句。”位于段首，说明如果不确定答案，就跳过去，继续解决下一句，和下文语义一致，都说明不必按顺序读课文，符合本段主题。故选F项。
23. 上文“There may be extra sentences yu dn’t need.（可能还有一些额外的你不需要的句子。）”说明解答这种题时，可能有不需要的额外句子存在，选项G“但是请记住，在正确的缺失的句子和课文之间总是有联系的。”承接上文，语义转折，说明正确的缺失句子肯定是和课文有联系的，选项中the crrect missing sentence和上文中extra sentences yu dn’t need语义反向相关。故选G项。
三、语法填空文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Studying in grups is becming mre and 24. ppular in class. It is 25. (benefit) t us. Fr example, we can nt nly save time but als encurage each ther when we study in grups. I still remember when I was in Grade 8, my physics 26. (be) very pr. I had a really hard time with it. Once in class, the teachers asked27. (we) t discuss it with each ther, but I was very shy. I culd nt d it like 28. they tld me. My physics teacher encuraged me t face thers and talk with smene else bravely. Then I studied with sme 29. (classmate) tgether. When I did nt understand any questins, they culd give me sme advice 30. was very helpful. I culd quickly find ut the ways t deal with the prblems. After that, I felt very relaxed and asked my classmates a lt f questins abut physics. At last, I was able t finish my hmewrk by myself fr the first time. Hw 31. (inspire) I was! 32. (learn) in grups, I am nt wrried abut physics any mre. With my classmates' help, I am making prgress 33. (gradual) at present. It als gives me mre chances t imprve myself in many ways.
【答案】
24. mre
25. beneficial
26. was
27. us
28. what
29. classmates
30. that
31. inspired
32. Learning
33. gradually
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者如何在物理老师的鼓励下，通过小组学习，逐渐在物理学习上取得进步的故事。
24. 考查固定短语。句意：小组学习在课堂上越来越受欢迎。结合句意表示“越来越”可知短语为mre and mre。故填mre。
25. 考查形容词。句意：它对我们是有益的。根据上文It is可知应填形容词beneficial，作表语。故填beneficial。
26. 考查时态。句意：我仍然记得当我在八年级的时候，我的物理很差。根据上文“when I was in Grade 8”可知描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语为physics（物理），谓语动词用单数。故填was。
27. 考查代词。句意：有一次在课堂上，老师让我们互相讨论，但我很害羞。作动词ask的宾语，应用宾格。故填us。
28. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不能按他们说的去做。空处引导宾语从句，从句中的tld缺少直接宾语，指事情应用what。故填what。
29. 考查名词的数。句意：然后我和一些同学一起学习。classmate为可数名词，由sme修饰应用复数。故填classmates。
30. 考查定语从句。句意：当我没有理解任何问题的时候，他们可以给我一些很有帮助的建议。此处为定语从句修饰先行词advice，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，且由sme修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
31. 考查形容词。句意：我是多么受鼓舞啊！此处为感叹句，hw感叹形容词或副词，结合后文“I was”可知应用-ed结尾形容词inspired。故填inspired。
32. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为小组学习，我不再担心物理。分析句子结构可知learn在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Learning。
33. 考查副词。句意：在同学们的帮助下，我目前正在逐步进步。修饰动词短语make prgress应用副词gradually，作状语。故填gradually。
四、完形填空
1
When I was 15 years ld, I was a straight A student. I was always 34 with a great grup f friends, and I wuld hang ut with them every weekend. Then I mved t a new place just befre high schl, and everything 35 vernight.
While trying t 36 t my new surrundings, I als started tenth grade. Ging t public schl in a big city, hwever, was harder than befre. I started 37 nt well in class. Althugh I tried hard, my mind wuld g 38 the mment I attended the exam. All my 39 didn't pay ff, and I failed smehw. As a result, I became 40 and turned t vide games.
An English teacher nticed I was 41 .He suggested I shuld g t the after-schl classes fr the kids wh needed help. 42 t get a passing grade, I went. And that's where I met Oliver. 43 , he became my best friend and I was back n 44 . Little by little, my 45 imprved. It seemed that reshaping urselves in a new envirnment wasn't that terrible as 46 .
As the year prgressed, I made many friends and wn many awards as well. 47 , I see that my depressin slwly 48 . Having a friend really helped, even mre than vide games.
34. A. cveredB. surrundedC. filledD. greeted
35. A. imprvedB. revisedC. changedD. failed
36. A. adaptB. turnC. mveD. react
37. A. debatingB. sleepingC. imaginingD. perfrming
38. A. wildB. blankC. silentD. free
39. A. hpeB. effrtC. wisdmD. anxiety
40. A. addictedB. amazedC. depressedD. interested
41. A. strugglingB. cheatingC. missingD. recvering
42. A. PrudB. AfraidC. CnfidentD. Eager
43. A. CmpletelyB. CarefullyC. GraduallyD. Seriusly
44. A. trackB. purpseC. businessD. duty
45. A. decisinsB. gradesC. strengthsD. gals
46. A. suggestedB. plannedC. intendedD. expected
47. A. Wrse stillB. Lking backC. T be frankD. Generally speaking
48. A. existedB. balancedC. disappearedD. suffered
【答案】34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. B
48. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者不适应新环境，而导致成绩下降，情绪低落。后因老师的帮助参加课余活动，慢慢结识更多的朋友，使情况得到改变。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我周围总是围绕着一群朋友。A. cvered包括； B. surrunded周围；C. filled充满；D. greeted欢迎。根据“I wuld hang ut with them every weekend.”可知，想要表达作者身边的朋友多，此处应填“围绕”，故选B项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那晚，一切都变了。A. imprved改善；B. revised修改；C. changed改变；D. failed失败。根据前文“Then I mved t a new place just befre high schl”可知，在那晚，一切都变了。故选C项。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我努力适应新环境时，我也开始了十年级的学习生活。A. adapt适应；B. turn转变；C. mve移动；D. react反应。根据空后“my new surrundings”及“hwever, was harder than befre”可知，作者接触的新环境比以前更难，所以需要适应。故选A项。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在课堂上表现很差。A. debating辩论；B. sleeping睡觉；C. imagining想象；D. perfrming表现。根据后文“and I failed smehw”可知，作者考试不及格是因为平时上课表现差，故选D项。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我很努力，但一参加考试，我的脑子就一片空白。A. wild野生的；B. blank空白的；C. silent安静的；D. free免费的。根据前文“Althugh I tried hard可知，作者虽然尽力考试，但是依旧不及格，可推测作者考试时大脑空白，故选B项。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所有的努力都没有得到回报。A. hpe希望；B. effrt努力；C. wisdm智慧；D. anxiety焦虑。根据“Althugh I tried hard”可知，此处想表达努力没有得到回报，故选B项。
40. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果我很沮丧，开始玩电子游戏。A. addicted上瘾的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. interested感兴趣的。根据“didn't pay ff, and I failed smehw”可知，作者的考试不及格，使他很沮丧，故选C项。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位英语老师注意到我正处于挣扎中。A. struggling挣扎；B. cheating欺骗；C. missing想念；D. recvering恢复。根据前文“didn't pay ff, and I failed smehw…and turned t vide games.”可知，我不适应新环境，课上表现差，导致考试不及格并沉迷游戏，所以我的内心很挣扎，故选A项。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我因为渴望得到及格分数，所以我去了。A. Prud骄傲的；B. Afraid害怕的；C. Cnfident自信的；D. Eager渴望的。根据空后“get a passing grade”可知，作者答应去做课后活动的目的是渴望及格的成绩，故选D项。
43. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他成了我最好的朋友，我回到了正轨。A. Cmpletely完全地；B. Carefully认真地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Seriusly严肃地。根据后文“Little by little”可推测，作者渐渐地与Oliver成为最好的朋友，故选C项。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他成了我最好的朋友，我回到了正轨。A. track轨道；B. purpse目的；C. business商业；D. duty责任。根据后文“Little by little…imprved”可知，作者的情况有了改善，一切慢慢回到正轨。故选A项。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的分数也慢慢地提高了。A. decisins决定；B. grades分数；C. strengths力量；D. gals目标。根据前文“get a passing grade”提示此处应指“我的分数也慢慢地提高了”，故选B项。
46. 考查动词词词义辨析。句意：新环境似乎重塑了我们自己，那并没有预期的那么糟糕。A. suggested建议；B. planned计划；C. intended打算；D. expected预期。根据前文“hwever, was harder than befre”及“reshaping urselves in a new envirnment”可知，新环境重新塑造了自己，没有之前预计的那么糟糕，那么难，故选D项。
47. 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我发现我的沮丧慢慢消失了。A. Wrse still更糟糕的是；B. Lking back回首；C. T be frank坦白说；D. Generally speaking总的来说。根据前文“As the year prgressed”可知，此处表达了这一年情绪上的变化，所以填“回首过去”，故选B项。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我发现我的沮丧慢慢消失了。A. existed存在；B. balanced平衡；C. disappeared消失；D. suffered遭受。根据前文As the year prgressed, I made many friends and wn many awards as well”可知，这一年的情况有了改善与进步，所以可推测我的沮丧慢慢消失了，故选C项。
2
The requirements fr high schl graduatin have just changed in my cmmunity. As a result, all students must 49 sixty hurs f service learning, 50 they will nt receive a diplma. Service learning is academic learning that als helps the cmmunity. 51 f service learning include cleaning up a plluted river, wrking in a sup kitchen, r tutring a student. 52 a service experience, students must keep a jurnal and then write a 53 abut what they have learned.
Supprters claim that there are many 54 f service learning. Perhaps mst imprtantly, students are frced t think 55 their wn interests and becme 56 f the needs f thers. Students are als able t learn real­life skills that 57 respnsibility, prblem­slving, and wrking as part f a team. 58 students can explre pssible careers 59 service learning. Fr example, if a student wnders what teaching is like, he r she can chse t wrk in an elementary schl classrm a few afternns each mnth.
60 there are many benefits, ppnents 61 prblems with the new requirement. First, they 62 that the main reasn students g t schl is t learn cre subjects and skills. Because service learning is time­cnsuming, students spend 63 time studying the cre subjects. Secnd, they believe that frcing students t wrk withut 64 ges against the law. By requiring service, the schl takes away an individual’s freedm t chse.
In my view, service learning is a great way t 65 t the cmmunity, learn new skills, and explre different careers. 66 , I dn’t believe yu shuld frce peple t help thers — the 67 t help must cme frm the heart. I think the best 68 is ne that gives students chices: a student shuld be able t chse sixty hurs f independent study r sixty hurs f service. Chice encurages bth freedm and respnsibility and as yung adults, we must learn t handle bth wisely.
49. A. spendB. gainC. cmpleteD. save
50. A. andB. rC. butD. fr
51. A. SubjectsB. IdeasC. PrceduresD. Examples
52. A. WithB. BefreC. DuringD. After
53. A. diaryB. reprtC. nteD. ntice
54. A. cursesB. benefitsC. challengesD. features
55. A. beyndB. abutC. verD. in
56. A. carefulB. prudC. tiredD. aware
57. A. pssessB. applyC. includeD. develp
58. A. GraduallyB. FinallyC. LuckilyD. Hpefully
59. A. thrughB. acrssC. fD. n
60. A. SB. ThusC. SinceD. While
61. A. deal withB. lk intC. pint utD. take dwn
62. A. argueB. dubtC. verlkD. admit
63. A. muchB. fullC. lessD. mre
64. A. cstB. payC. careD. praise
65. A. cntributeB. appealC. attendD. belng
66. A. TherefreB. OtherwiseC. BesidesD. Hwever
67. A. curageB. desireC. emtinD. spirit
68. A. decisinB. purpseC. slutinD. result
【答案】49. C 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. C 58. B 59. A 60. D 61. C 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. B 68. C
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对高中生是否应该参加社会服务学习的不同看法。
49. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，所有学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则他们将得不到文凭。A. spend 花费，度过；B. gain 获得；C. cmplete完成；D. save节约。根据上文“The requirements fr high schl graduatin”可知，这是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，故选C。
50. B考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. and而且，和；B. r 否则；C. but但是； D. fr为。否则他们就得不到毕业证。 根据语境可知，社会服务学习是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则就得不到毕业证，故选B。
51. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：服务学习的例子包括清理被污染的河流、在厨房里帮厨或辅导学生。A. Subjects课程； B. Ideas观点；C. Prcedures程序；D. Examples例子。下文“cleaning up a plluted river, wrking in a sup kitchen, r tutring a student.”都是服务学习的具体例子，故选D。
52. C考查介词词义辨析。句意：在一次服务学习期间，学生必须写日志，然后写一份关于所学内容的报告。A. With随着，和；B. Befre在…之前；C. During在……期间； D. After在…之后。空后说的写日志和报告是学生在服务学习期间应该干的事，故选C。
53. B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. diary日记；B. reprt报告； C. nte笔记；D. ntice注意。根据语境可知，学生必须写完日志后，还要就他们学到了什么写一篇报告，故选B。
54. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：支持者声称服务学习有很多益处。A. curses 课程；B. benefits益处； C. challenge挑战；D. features特征。社会服务学习的支持者肯定会说它有很多好处，故选B。
55. A考查介词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，去意识到别人的需要。A. beynd 超出……范围；B. abut关于； C. ver超过，在……之上；D. in在……里面。根据常识和语境可知，学生们选择的社会服务项目不可能完全符合自己的兴趣爱好，他们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，故选A。
56. D考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful小心的；B. prund骄傲的；C. tired疲惫的；D. aware意识到的。空前一句说学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，因此他们要去意识到别人的需要，故选D。
57. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们还能够学习现实生活中的技能，包括责任感、解决问题和团队合作。A. pssess拥有；B. apply应用； C. include包括；D. develp发展；空后提到的责任感、解决问题的能力和责任感都是现实生活中的技能所包括的方面，故选C。
58. B考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，学生可以通过服务学习探索可能的职业。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Finally最后；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Hpefully有希望地。根据本段第二句“Perhaps mst imprtantly”及第三句的“als”可知本段讲服务学习的好处，本句是最后一个，故选B。
59. A考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.thrugh通过；B.acrss穿过；C. f……的；D. n在……上面。根据空后的“service learning”可知此处指“通过服务学习”，故选A。
60. D考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管有很多好处，反对者指出了新要求的问题。A. S所以；B. Thus这样；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。空后说反对者指出新要求的问题，因此前后是让步关系，故选D。
61. C考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. deal with处理；B. lk int调查；C. pint ut指出；D. take dwn记下。根据空后的“prblems with the new requirement”可知，反对者指出了新要求的问题，故选C。
62. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们认为（争论说）学生上学的主要原因是学习核心学科和技能。A. argue争论；B. dubt怀疑； C. verlk忽视；D. admit承认。空后的“that the main reasn students g t schl is t learn cre subjects and skills”是反对者（争论）的观点，故选 A。
63. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为服务学习是要花时间的，所以学生用在主要科目的学习时间就更少了。A.much很多；B. full满的；C. less更少；D. mre更多。空前一句说服务学习是要花时间的，学生用在主要科目的学习时间自然就更少了，故选C。
64. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们认为强迫学生无偿工作是违法的。A. cst花费；B. pay付报酬；C. care关心；D. praise 表扬。根据下半句“ges against the law.”可知，让学生工作而不付报酬是违法的，故选B。
65. A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我看来，服务学习是一种很好的方式，可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业。A. cntribute t促进、有助于；B. appeal t呼吁；C. attend t照顾；D. belng t属于。此处cntribute t是固定搭配，促进，有助于。空后提到了学习新技能和探索不同的职业，此处与之并列，应该是为社区做贡献，故选A。
66. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人——帮助别人的愿望必须发自内心。A. Therefre因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides除此之外；D. Hwever然而。空前一句说服务学习可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业，空后又说我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人，前后是转折关系，故选D。
67. B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. curage勇气；B. desire愿望；C. emtin情绪；D. spirit精神。与被强迫去帮助别人形成对比，帮助别人的愿望应该是发自内心的，故选B。
68. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择。A. decisin决定；B. purpse目的；C. slutin解决办法；D. result结果。上文介绍了支持者和反对者的观点，再结合空后的内容可知此处是说解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择，故选C。
A
对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不是该段的主旨。
以偏概全
断章取义
B
犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混淆主次。
以偏概全
断章取义
C
来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。
以偏概全
生搬硬套
D
绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括
涵盖性强，
覆盖全段