2021年高考英语写作分类精粹 （11）概要写作

这是一份2021年高考英语写作分类精粹 （11）概要写作，共7页。
1. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Sme farmers and scientists feel that GM crps(转基因作物) can make the wrld a better place. If biengineers can create crps that are resistant t insects, they wn't have t wrry abut insects destrying plants. In the absence f insect damage, crps can grw t feed the pr and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with ther desirable prperties as well. Plants that dn't require much water and can live even in times f drught, can help prevent the widespread starvatin that wuld ccur if peple have nthing t eat. It's easy t see why many peple believe that GM crps will help the wrld meet the difficult challenges that it will face as mre and mre peple need t be fed.
But nt everyne thinks biengineering is a gd idea. Other peple are suspicius. They mistrust the claims made and dn't believe that biengineering is withut risks. The pssible dangers include harming the ecsystem, the interrelated cmmunity f plants and animals and bacteria that make up the Earth. They wrry that changing plants can harm ur envirnment, and damage t ur surrundings can hurt us. Our danger is that GM crps can transfer(转移) their characteristics t ther wild plants, making them mre difficult t cntrl.
Indeed, peple hld very different pinins abut biengineering. While sme peple lk frward t crps that will nt g bad during the trip t the market, thers wrry that we will ruin ur crpland and destry what we are trying t save. While sme peple lk frward t crps that can withstand drughts, thers wrry that cntact with GM plants can pllute ther crps, making them impure and unfit fr use.
Thus, fr peple cncerned with prtecting ur ecsystem, the risks are t high. Sme eclgists remind us that ur envirnment is made up f a web f intercnnecting parts. They argue that the benefits f bitechnlgy are nt as great as the risks. Over the cming years they will be watching and checking the effects f GM crps, mnitring whether there are any unexpected effects.
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2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
During all kinds f hlidays, millins f peple will buy gifts fr lved nes. This is a great thing but tns f thse peple will make the same mistake, and buy the wrng gift. What’s ging n?
Gift buying has becme a selfish deed. We dn’t actually lk fr things peple want t receive. Instead, and t many f ur gifts’ harm, we tend t lk fr things that we want t give. It’s a subtle(微妙的), but pretty significant prblem.
Research has shwn that givers tend t value the gifts they buy cnsiderably mre than receivers. Gifts are valued abut 10 t 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid fr them, Jel Waldfgel nted in Scrgenmics: Why Yu Shuldn’t Buy Presents fr the Hlidays, his 2019 bk n gift-giving.
The disagreement seems t cme frm a simple wrng belief that thughtful presents are the best presents. They are nt. In fact, they might be the wrst presents. The mre thught yu put int a present, the mre likely yu are t get lst in buying what the persn yu’re buying the present fr actually wants.
In ther wrds, peple let their gift-giving egs(自我)get in the way f great presents. Especially when the receiver is smene they want t shw they knw really well. Frtunately, the answer t ur same insistence n guessing what peple want is simple: stp it.
If that’s t hard, r impersnal, there’s anther helpful rule. Instead f buying restrictive(限制的)gifts, like gift cards fr specific stres, buy gifts that allw fr flexibility, like gift cards that can be used mre bradly(r better yet, cash). Peple tend t prefer gift cards t actual gifts, and cash t bth, Steffel explained. Steffel’s latest research, which fcuses n gift card giving, pints t exactly this pint—that versatility(多用途) is the key t better gift giving.
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3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Mre than half a millin students take an intrductry calculus (微积分) curse in any given year, and the number is grwing. A large prprtin have n chice. Calculus is a barrier that must be vercme n the way t a prfessinal career in medicine r engineering. Even disciplines like histry nw smetimes require sme cllege mathematics.
But fr many peple in the last few years wh have passed thrugh such a curse, the wrd "calculus" brings back painful memries. In many universities abut half f the students wh take intrductry calculus fail the curse. A surprisingly large number must take the curse several times t get thrugh. At the same time, engineering and physical sciences prfessrs cmplain that even the students wh pass dn't knw very much abut calculus and dn't knw hw t use it. "The teaching f calculus is a natinal shame," says Lynn Steen, a past president f the Mathematical Assciatin f America. "T ften calculus is taught by inexperienced instructrs t ill-prepared students in an envirnment with insufficient feedback," he says.
Nw a small grup f educatrs has started a mvement t change what is taught in an intrductry calculus curse, t imprve the way it is taught and t bring the teaching f calculus int the cmputer age. Earlier this year, 25 faculty members, administratrs, scientists, and thers representing diverse interests met at Tulane University t see what culd be dne. One big surprise was the general agreement that there is rm fr change. Many f the participants brught wrthwhile suggestins.
A key questin is the rle f handheld calculatrs and cmputers. Fr the price f a calculus textbk, students can buy a scientific calculatr. "The first thing that ne can d n that basis is t eliminate(消除) an awful lt f the rutine prblems," says mathematician Rnald Duglas. The ideas are still imprtant, and instructrs may need sme f these techniques t shw what is ging n, he says, but drilling students in smething that any calculatr r cmputer can nw d becmes much less imprtant.
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4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Whether yu've lking fr a quick htel in the city r an islated resrt in the trpics, where yu chse t stay can make r break yur vacatin experience. But even the mst seasned travelers may nt knw the difference between the tw main types f hmes-away-frm-hme. Besides their first letter, is there any real difference between htels and mtels?
These tw types f ldging (寄宿) have the same basic purpse—a place fr travelers t sleep—but there are plenty f features that set them apart. Fr instance, they came t be fr different reasns, and at very different times. The wrd "htel" dates back t the 1600s and cmes frm a French wrd, htel. That wrd, just like the English ne, referred t a place that prvides ldging, meals, entertainment, and ther services fr travelers.
Mtels, n the ther hand, are a much mre recent—and pretty much exclusively American—ldging ptin. This wrd dates back t the 1920s and cmbines the wrds "htel" and "mtr". As America's majr highway system develped, s did mtels, filling the need fr radside stps fr mtrists traveling crss-cuntry.
There are als sme smaller differences that can help yu figure ut which type f place yu've in. Htels tend t be built fr lnger stays, while mtels are geared mre fr ne-r-tw-night stps alng a jurney. Because f this, htels are much mre likely t have fferings like lunges, gyms, and entertainment.
S, in the end, it cmes dwn t what yu want frm yur trip and frm yur ldging. Want the place yu stay t be just as much a part f yur travel experience as anything else? Opt fr a htel. Just need a place t pp in and ut f t shwer and sleep? A mtel might be the better chice.
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5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We prbably knw that smking is bad fr ur health. But what abut e-cigarettes? Intrduced as a "less-harmful r safer" alternative t smking, e-cigarettes r "vaping" has gained increasing ppularity. Hwever, the Chinese gvernment released a ntice t ban the nline sales f e-cigarettes frm Nv. 1st and further reduce the yung's access t the prducts.
This means that e-cigarette makers have t clse their nline stres and take dwn nline advertisements fr e-cigarettes. S far, sme e-cigarette firms have clsed sales links n their websites, and mre than a dzen nline stres have remved related prducts, Xinhua reprted. This is nt the first gvernment measure t limit the use f e-cigarettes. In August 2018, e-cigarettes were banned frm sale t peple under the age f 18.
Research has shwn that e-cigarette cmpanies tend t target yung peple with their advertising campaigns, accrding t the State Tbacc Mnply Administratin. It's fund that many firms have been misleading yung buyers with messages like, "E-cigarettes culd help yu quit smking," and, "E-cigarettes are healthy and harmless." Sme even claim that vaping symblizes "yung," "fashinable" and "trendy" t attract the yung. Michael Blaha, a researcher at the Jhns Hpkins Ciccarne Center fr the Preventin f Heart Disease, als mentined that a lwer per-use cst than traditinal cigarettes and a wide range f sweet flavrs, like apple pie and watermeln, cntribute t vaping's ppularity amng yung peple.
Hwever, e-cigarettes cntain nictine (thugh nt always), flavrings, and ther chemicals, they are harmful t health. Taking in nictine during yuth can lead t addictin and cause lng-term harm t brain develpment. Flavrings added t e-cigarettes can prduce mre harmful txins after heating. Thus, it is advisable that the yung shuld limit the expsure t e-cigarettes.
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答案以及解析
1.答案：
Sme peple are cnvinced that GM crps may effectively help the wrld better prepare fr the grwing need fr fd. (要点 1) Hwever, ppnents vice their wrry that GM crps will thrw the ecsystem ff balance, further causing harm t the human bdy. (要点 2) In fact, expectatins and anxieties lead t the very ppsite perspectives n biengineering. (要点 3) Cnfrnted with the cnsiderable risks f GM crps, envirnmentalists will keep supervising the impact they exert n the ecsystem in the future. (要点 4)

2.答案：
Many peple buy wrng gifts. Because they buy what they want t give, instead f what the receivers prefer. The value f the gifts is based n givers’ cnsideratin rather than receivers’. The thughtful present might be the wrst. S we shuld buy gifts that allw fr versatility which is the key t better gift giving.

3.答案：
Due t the requirements f their majr, intrductry calculus has becme a cmpulsry curse fr nearly all cllege students.(要点 1) But a large number f cllege students find it challenging t pass and prfessrs cmplain abut students' pr perfrmance and the current teaching methd.(要点 2 ) A mvement aimed at imprving its teaching quality has been launched.(要点 3) Actually a scientific calculatr can free the students frm bring rutine prblems.(要点 4)
解析：
4.答案：
Mtels and htels have real differences ther than their first letter in spelling. Althugh serving the same purpse f ffering travelers a place t sleep, they have different features. Take their rigin as an example, htels appear much earlier than mtels, which stem frm the necessity t accmmdate highway mtrists. Anther slight difference is that htels are intended fr lnger stays and mtels fr shrter stps. It's up t the travelers t decide which ne they prefer.

5.答案： Recently, e-cigarettes, which have gained grwing ppularity amng the yuth, have been banned frm sale nline in China. Therefre, sales f e-cigarettes have been shut dwn by the sellers in answer t the ntice. Fake messages in the advertisements are misleading the yung, claiming that e-cigarettes with varius flavrs are healthy, stylish and cheap. Actually, s harmful are e-cigarettes that the yung shuld stay away frm them. (67 wrds)