人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计及反思

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions教学设计及反思，共12页。教案主要包含了策略学习，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。

【策略学习】
如何把握细节叙述与语篇整体
完形填空分值高，权重大，是高考的拉分题目，所以这个题对于考生来说分分都要争，每分都要保，力争得满分。为此要做到两点：一是对于相对简单的细节题，不要因为失误而丢分；二是对于相对较难的语篇层次题，也要力争得全分。
策略1：细节题目慎斟酌 防范失误保全分
▲避免因词汇理解障碍而失分
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选、对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记牢。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
If we 42.admit it is a dr，they’ll want t g utside __43__. It will drive us crazy.
43. A.graduallyB. cnstantly
C. temprarilyD. casually
【分析】 句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。根据下文I shuld just 59.accept repeatedly having t say，“N.We can’t g utside nw.”可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。选项cnstantly，temprarily，casually都属于低频词，许多考生会由于对词义把握不准而误选。
▲避免因不明熟词生义而失分
熟词生义往往是考生容易忽视的地方，很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱” 。
【典例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year abut 40，000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar，the highest muntain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lts f waste.The 42.crwds might damage the beauty f the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing，changing the __43____f Kilimanjar.
43. A.psitinB. age
C. faceD. name
【分析】 根据设空前的“The 42.crwds might damage the beauty f the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing”可知，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美，冰川也正在消失，由此可推知，这一切正在改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)，face 此处意为：(地区，机构或活动领域的)外观，面貌。
▲避免因惯性思维而失分
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语干扰、知识面和思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于多方位思考，考虑问题不全面，导致错选一些题目，完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)单词运用受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed t d sth来表达。
(2)短语或习语运用受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait fr这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择fr，但在“He stpped his car t wait at the redlight.”中就不用fr。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Since ur twins began learning t walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that ur sliding glass dr is just a windw.The 41.reasn is bvius.If we 42.admit it is a dr，they’ll want t g utside 43.cnstantly. It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently knw the __44__. But ur insisting it’s 45.merely a windw has kept them frm 46.attempting millins f requests t pen the dr.
44. A.resultB. danger
C. methdD. truth
【分析】 由空后下文But ur pen the dr.可知，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试；再由下文的I hate lying t the kids.可知，孩子们是知道真相的。但考生受思维定式影响，看到前文The 41.reasn is bvius，而误选A项。
策略2：语篇题目莫慌张 立足全文寻答案
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。
【典例1】 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
It’s abut 250 miles frm the hills f west－central Iwa t Ehlers’ hme in Minnesta.During the lng trip hme，fllwing a weekend f hunting，Ehlers 41.thught abut the small dg he had seen 42.trembling alngside the rad.He had 43.tried t cax (哄) the dg t him but，frightened，it had 44.run__ff.
Back hme，Ehlers was trubled by that 45.lst dg.S，fur days later，he called his friend Greg，and the tw drve 46.back. After a lng and careful 47.search，Greg saw，acrss a field，the dg mving __48__ away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in caxing the animal t him.Nervusness and fear were replaced with 49.jy. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.
48. A.cautiuslyB. casually
C. skillfullyD. angrily
【分析】 本题是语篇层次题。只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和第二段第二句中的“fur days later”并结合下文的“Nervusness and fear”可知，一只走丢多日的小狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiusly)移动，casually“随便地”；skillfully“巧妙地，熟练地”；angrily“生气地”。
【典例2】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The 46.stry began during my first week at cllege.I watched as the ASL Club 47.perfrmed their translatin f a sng.Bth the hand mvements and the very 48.idea f cmmunicating withut speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was cmpletely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past. This newness just left me 51.wanting mre.
After that，feeling the need t__52__ further，I decided t drp in n ne f ASL club’s meetings.I nly learned hw t 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead f being discuraged by my 54.slw prgress，I was excited.I then made it a pint t 55.attend thse meetings and learn all I culd.
...
52. A.exerciseB. explre
C. expressD. explain
【分析】 本题是语篇层次题。需要综合空格上一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周“我”观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→“我”被表演所吸引→“我”想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→“我”参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索(explre)”的必要。故答案为B项。
【素养提升】
一、阅读理解
1
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. “Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with mall talk,” he explains. “The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin (互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. “It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,” says Dunn. “But interactins with peripheral (边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.”
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis f gd manners,” he says.
1.What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A.Addictin t smartphnes.
B.Bad behaviurs in public places.
C.Anger with slw service.
D.Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
2.What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A.Shwing gd manners.B.Relating t ther peple.
C.Fcusing n a tpic.D.Making business deals.
3.What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A.It imprves family relatinships.B.It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C.It matters as much as a frmal talk.D.It makes peple feel gd.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Cnversatinal IntelligenceB.Ways f Making Small Talk
C.Benefits f Small TalkD.Uncmfrtable Silence
2
Ging t schl lks quite a bit different during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病). Students and teachers have t wear masks and keep scial distance in the whle day. But teachers like Mary Schulz f the West Frk Schl District in Rckwell, Lwa, still miss the daily greetings that help grw their relatinship with their kids. One f the things that Mary missed mst was her daily greeting each third grade students with a hug, high - five, r handshake. "When we came back, we hadn't seen each ther in s lng and the students just wanted t reach ut, yu culd see it, “she said. "It was just kind f awkward. Maybe yu will think the ways f greetings are funny.”
She thught f a clever way t have each f her students cme up with a special greeting t start their day! Sme f them d a dance mve, sme simply wave, and thers have a difficult ft - tap cmbinatin. Mary learned all 20 f their special hells and nw her kids are glad t line up fr their daily welcme frm Mrs. Mary.
Mary said she has felt mre cnnected with her students since having the daily greetings, and the kids just like it! "We're just trying t have schl life with sme fun things, she added. "It has brught me jy t.”
5.Hw did Mary Schulz ften greet her students?
A.With a nice gift.B.With a sweet smile.
C.With a warm wrd.D.With an actin f welcme.
6.Hw did Mary Schulz learn s many kinds f greetings?
A.On the internet.B.Frm her students.
C.Keeping Thinking by herself.D.Her friends tld her.
7.What did the daily greeting bring abut?
A.Students became friendly and plite.
B.Bth Mary and students felt very happy.
C.Students started t keep scial distance.
D.Sme students studied harder than befre.
8.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Interesting GreetingsB.Creativity ut f Necessity
C.Keep Scial DistanceD.Ideas f ne Teacher
3
Being a cllege student during a pandemic （流行病）means yu're prbably wrking frm hme internship （实习）.Wrking remtely has becme a psitive trend （趋势）and mre peple are realizing that it's nt nly easy t d, but is als envirnmentally and ecnmically （经济上）friendly.
Althugh, there are sme challenges and difficulties t vercme when yu wrk frm hme internship. Interns desn't have interacting（互动）with the wrkmates and dn't get as much hands-n experience, which can be disappinting at times.
It's imprtant t make cnnectins with yur wrkmates while serving yur internship. Nrmally, this is dne by being in the ffice every day and gathering near the water cler t chat r in meetings. Making cnnectins and building relatinships with cwrkers while wrking frm hme is a majr challenge. This can be dne in a cuple f different ways.
The first is t stick t meetings with yur supervisr （上级）.Plan a weekly, r daily if necessary, meeting t talk abut yur prjects and t build a relatinship tgether. Besides, jin in yur team meetings when yu can cntribute smething imprtant r meaningful. Yu can even master the art f small talk s yu knw that yur vice is being heard by every wrkmate. Il's admirable fr a yung intern, especially ne wh wrks frm hme, t speak up. Lastly, yu can jin in any teambuilding exercises r scial events. Since wrking remtely has becme the new nrmal, cmpanies are trying t cme up with activities that help cwrkers unite tgether even when they aren't face-t-face.
9.What's the authr's attitude twards “wrking remtely”？
A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.
C.Uncertain.D.Questining.
10.Which is the pssible weakness f “wrking remtely" ?
A.The difficulty in interacting with thers.
B.Being unable t get wrking experience.
C.Feeling disappinted all the time.
D.Lsing tuch with yur supervisr.
11.Hw many pieces f advice are given in Paragraph 4?
A.One.B.Tw.C.Three.D.Fur.
12.What's the best title fr the passage?
A.Cmmunicating Much While Wrking frm Hme Internship
B.Getting the Mst frm Wrking frm Hme Internship
C.Cmbining Office Culture with Wrking frm Hme Internship
D.Experiencing Wrking frm Hme Internship when Yu Graduate
4
S many things can keep yu frm seeing yur lved nes in persn, frm busy schedules t lng distances t a rather unexpected COVID-19 virus. Frtunately, thanks t mdem technlgy, the peple we miss are ften nly a phne call r text message away. But if yu’re smene wh prefers t type ut messages. yu may want i recnsider. A new study, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy, fund that cmmunicatin that included vice, like a phne call r vide chat, created strnger scial relatinships than cmmunicatin thrugh typing, like text messaging r email.
In the study, researchers used varius experiments t measure relatinships. In ne, they asked 200 peple what it wuld be like t recnnect with an ld friend by email r by phne and then asked them t d ne r the ther. Althugh peple anticipated that a phne call wuld be mre awkward, hearing smene’s vice actually made the experience better.
“Peple reprted they did frm a strnger relatinship with their ld friend n the phne cmpared with email, and they did nt feel mre awkward,” said Amit Kumar, an assistant prfessr f marketing at the McCmbs Schl f Business.
In anther experiment, the researchers had strangers cnnected by either texting, talking ver vide chat, r talking using nly audi. They fund that bth frms f vice cmmunicatin — whether vide r audi nly — made the strangers feel significantly mre cnnected than when they cmmunicated by text.
Sabrina Rmanff, a Harvard psychlgist, says peple tend t text r email instead f calling because f cnvenience, as they see it as a cntrlled frm f cmmunicatin where they can “cmmunicate infrmatin exactly in the way they want withut unexpected additins by the ther persn.”
Rmanff says that in reality, texting can make it hard t determine the true meaning behind a cnversatin. “A phne call is actually mre cnvenient when cnsidering the pet effects f the message,” she explains. “Each party is mre present, and therefre, able t understand the meaning behind the cntent withut thinking abut the endless pssible meanings behind wrds.”
13.What des the passage mainly tell us?
A.Texting des harm l scial relatinships.
B.Vice cmmunicatin brings peple clser.
C.A phne call des mre gd than a text message.
D.Peple prefer a text message rather than a phne call.
14.Hw did the researchers carry ut the study?
A.By cmparing.B.By reasning.C.By imagining.D.By discussing.
15.What des the underlined wrd “anticipated” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Ensured.B.Refused.C.Expected.D.Disagreed.
16.Peple prefer t text rather than call because they think .
A.texting makes them feel mre cnnected
B.they feel awkward when making a phne call
C.texting helps cmmunicate their infrmatin exactly
D.calling helps determine the true meaning behind the cnversatin
二、七选五
Five Tips fr Getting Alng with Yur Rmmate
Yu may have grwn up living with lts f siblings, r this may be yur first time sharing yur living space with smene else. While having a rmmate inevitably has its challenges, it can als be a great part f yur cllege experience. 17.Be clear abut yur expectatins frm the beginning
D yu knw in advance that yu hate it when smene turns ff alarms fifteen times every mrning? 18. That yu need ten minutes t yurself befre talking t anyne after yu wake up? Let yur rmmate knw as sn as yu can abut yur little quirks and preferences. It's nt fair t expect him r her t pick up n them right away, and cmmunicating what yu need is ne f the best ways t eliminate prblems befre they becme prblems.
Respect yur rmmate's stuff
This may seem simple, but it's prbably ne f the biggest reasns why rmmates experience cnflict. Dn't think he'll mind if yu brrw his things fr a minute? Fr all yu knw, yu just stepped ver an uncrssable line. 19.Lck the dr and windws
This may seem like it has nthing t d with rmmate relatinships, but hw wuld yu feel if yur rmmate's laptp gt stlen during the ten secnds it tk yu t run dwn the hall? Or vice versa? Lcking yur dr and windws is a critical part f keeping safe n schl.
20.Yur rmmate may be frm smeplace yu've never heard f. They may have a religin r lifestyle that is cmpletely different frm yur wn. Be pen t new ideas and experiences, especially as it relates t what yur rmmate brings int yur life. That's why yu went t cllege in the first place, right?!
If nthing else, fllw the glden rule
Treat yur rmmate like yu'd like t be treated. 21. It will help yu get clser sn. N matter what yur relatinship is at the end f the year, yu can take cmfrt knwing yu acted like an adult and treated yur rmmate with respect.
A.That yu lve neatness crazily?
B.Dn't brrw, use, r take anything withut getting permissin first.
C.Be flexible t yur changing envirnment.
D.Yu shuld be friendly with yur rmmate but als make sure yu have yur wn scial circles.
E.Fllw these five tips t make sure yu and yur rmmate keep things pleasant thrughut the year.
F.Be pen t new things.
G.Lend a helping hand when she is in need.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One act f kindness is leading t anther. And as kindness 22. (pass) t anther, new friendships are frming and existing nes are strengthening.
My elderly neighbr called my daughter and me 23. (pick) fruits frm her tree as the fruits were high and it was required t step n a huge ladder t get them. After an hur spent 24. (chat) and picking the fruits, she treated us t a glass f fruit juice. 25. additin, she gave us plenty f fruits t hand ut t 26. (we) friends.
I then gave them t three ther senir friends f mine. One f them gave me a ht tmat sup. I tasted it. It was s delicius 27. I culdn't help asking her abut it. She tld me that her mm and grandma were bth tp 28. (ck) and she learned it frm them when she was helping them in her yuth.
This was 29. (ttal) unexpected and interesting t knw. Besides, she invited me again and agreed that we wuld prepare the dish tgether, 30. was the best part f all. I feel very 31. (thank) fr these friendships and cnnectins. Kindness and friendship always g hand in hand.
四、完形填空
1
Penpals Jill Strettn and Cathie Alexander live half a wrld apart. Hwever, they've 32 a faithful crrespndence fr seven decades.
The lng-lived letter-writing relatinship 33 in 1950 when 12-year-ld Strettn frm Australia, was given Alexander's 34 by a family friend in Sctland.
Back then, it smetimes tk six weeks fr a lng-distance letter t reach its 35 , but the pair felt an instant rapprt（融洽）after their first 36 that has nly grwn 37 with time.
Thugh the tw wmen didn't meet in persn until 1982, they feel as if they truly 38 with ne anther, sharing life's milestnes thrugh their letters.
“She is just like ne f the family,“ Strettn said. "And we are still as tgether as we ever were 70 years ag. That is quite 39 fr peple wh've lst cnfidence in ever-lasting friendship. ,,
Strettn and Alexander have never stpped 40 t ne anther. Alng with hpes, dreams, plans’ phts, and family updates, thrugh the years, their letters have cntained their sweet life 41 -weddings, birthdays, graduatin and s n.
While they 42 write letters, with technlgy develping, Strettn and Alexander have slightly bwed t the times. Fr lnger messages, they've turned t the Internet, but they agree that nthing will 43 a handwritten nte. "Nw, we d 44 t send pstcards rather than write lng letters because we email nw," Strettn 45 hnestly. But letter writing plays the mst imprtant part in their friendship.
The tw wmen's stry prves that 46 is nthing when it cmes t true friendship.
B.selectedC.recmmendedD.maintained
B.changedC.beganD.disappeared
B.addressC.wrkD.pstcard
B.rateC.pwerD.intentin
B.struggleC.exchangeD.cmment
B.mre cnfusingC.smallerD.mre awkward
dwnB.grew upC.turned upD.settled dwn
B.frighteningC.cnvenientD.inspiring
B.speakingC.writingD.traveling
B.memriesC.challengesD.sufferings
B.graduallyC.neverD.eventually
B.impactC.measureD.replace
B.tendC.refuseD.fail
B.askedC.admittedD.escaped
B.qualityC.knwledgeD.prfessin
2
One winter nine years ag, I vlunteered at a hmeless shelter in Ls Angeles, 47 meals fr peple. There I met Albert, wh said he liked my 48 . “Want t see mine?” he asked, lifting his 49 .He was bare ft. He said he had been hping t get a pair but had never made it. I felt a 50 feeling in my stmach.
The next day, 51 I went t buy scks- abut $10 52 . That next mrning, I 53 my alarm fr 5 a. m. and drve t the lcal park, a cmmn destinatin fr 54 peple.
It was still 55 ut. I tk ut a bag f scks and 56 a grup f men, standing arund a tree , 57 with cld. When I handed each f them a pair f scks, they lked cnfused at first, 58 my mtives (动机), but tk them.
An hur later, I 59 all the scks. Mst peple were sleeping. I felt like Santa. When they 60 , they wuld find a very meaningful 61 .
Every week I'll hand ut many scks. If I'm away fr 62 a week, I will bring scks with me and hand them ut t the hmeless in ther states and cuntries.
In the past years, this has becme my 63 . It's addictive, I suppse, and it's incredibly satisfying t help make sme peple's 64 a little bit easier. Part f me hpes t see Albert ut there. 65 , I dn't, I'd like t think ne f the pairs will 66 him.
B.givingC.dnatingD.buying
B.mealsC.scksD.help
B.armC.handD.head
B.sinkingC.cmfrtingD.frightening
B.in additinC.hweverD.after wrk
B.wrthC.valueD.wrthy
B.placedC.setD.fixed
B.sleeplessC.jblessD.hmeless
B.rainyC.quietD.windy
inB.shuted atC.headed frD.waved at
B.clappingC.jumpingD.sleeping
B.affectingC.demandingD.questining
ffB.tk utC.gave ffD.gave ut
upB.wke upC.rse upD.set up
B.presentC.actD.kindness
thanB.ther thanC.mre thanD.rather than
B.taskC.pastimeD.entertainment
B.livesC.familiesD.difficulties
B.UntilC.Even ifD.As if
B.fitC.matchD.find