2021高考英语二轮复习小综合训练7含解析202102232197

这是一份2021高考英语二轮复习小综合训练7含解析202102232197，共9页。
(2019·大庆质检)
After decades f playing catch­up with the US and Russian space prgrams, China did smething neither natin nr any ther had dne this December: land a spaceship n the dark side f the mn.
Strictly speaking, f curse, the mn has n dark side. But because f the way it rbits Earth, ur natural satellite shws us nly ne side—the ther is hidden frm ur view. N ne even saw the far side until 1959, when the Sviet Luna 3 spaceship flew arund fr a lk and sent back phts. N astrnaut r spaceship went there until this December, when the China Natinal Space Agency (CNSA) launched a 2,500­pund lander called Chang'e­4 t the suthern end f the lunar far side.
Chang'e­4 perated a small rver (探测车) t survey the gegraphy there fr the first time ever. By examining the gegraphy f its landing area, Chang'e­4 culd slve lngstanding puzzles abut the mn, including hw it frmed 4.5 billin years ag. Chang'e­4 als carried a very small­lunar bisphere (生态圈) cntaining silkwrm eggs and a tiny greenhuse designed t grw ptates in rder t study the grwth f the seeds n the mn.
Besides Chang'e­4, China plans t launch Chang'e­5 in 2019. Its missin will be t gather mn rcks using an rbiter, a lander r cllectr, an ascent stage (上升器) and a capsule that will separate frm the rbiter and return the rcks t the earth. With these missins, the Chinese will have shwn cmplete mastery f flight in the space between the earth and the mn, said Paul Spudis, an experienced lunar researcher based in Hustn.
CNSA has already utlined ideas fr Chinese astrnauts t fllw the rbts t the mn. Pei Zhayu, deputy directr f CNSA's Lunar Explratin and Space Prgram Center, tld that China plans a permanent rbtic lunar statin in abut 10 years and suggested a human presence n the mn anther decade r s after that. Spudis said China's ambitius Chang'e­4 and Chang'e­5 missins shuld send human's plans fr lunar return int rapid develpment.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了中国最新的航天壮举：全世界范围内首次发送宇宙飞船嫦娥4号到月球暗黑面，并提及嫦娥4号本次的航天任务，同时还介绍了接下来的嫦娥5号的航天计划以及接下来近二十年中国国家航天局的月球任务设想。
1．What d we knw abut the dark side f the mn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Tw western cuntries have taken its phts.
B．It is hidden frm peple's view due t the earth's rbit.
C．China is the first cuntry t land a spaceship there.
D．It exists because the sun never shines there.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，中国是第一个发射航天器到月球背面的国家。C项正确。A项两个国家拍摄过月球背面的照片，与文章第二段第三句不符；B项不是地球的轨迹而是月球的轨迹；D项表达的原因不对，月球背面的存在是因为它绕行地球的方式决定的。
答案 C
2．Why did Chang'e­4 perate a small rver?
A．T study the gegraphy f the lunar dark side.
B．T grw ptates n the mn.
C．T examine the grwth f eggs and seeds.
D．T survey the lunar bisphere.
解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词rver，可以锁定答案来源于第三段，由第一、二句可知，嫦娥四号利用探测车是为了探测月亮暗黑面的地质情况。因此答案为A。
答案 A
3．Which f the fllwing can mve apart frm the rbiter f Chang'e­5?
A．The lander. B．The cllectr.
C．The ascent stage.D．The capsule.
解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Chang'e­5可知，答案信息来源于第四段，由第二句“嫦娥五号的任务是利用一个轨道器，一个着陆器或收集器，一个上升器和一个太空舱收集月球岩石，太空舱将与轨道器分离并将岩石送回地球。”可知，本题答案为D。
答案 D
4．What is Spudis's attitude t China's Chang'e­4 and Chang'e­5 missins?
A．Cautius.B．Disapprving.
C．Ambiguus.D．Favrable.
解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词Spudis可知，答案信息句为第四段的“With these missins, the Chinese will have shwn cmplete mastery f flight in the space between the earth and the mn(通过这些航天任务，中国将证明其完全掌握了地月空间飞行)”和第五段的“China's ambitius Chang'e­4 and Chang'e­5 missins shuld send human's plans fr lunar return int rapid develpment.(中国雄心勃勃的嫦娥四号和嫦娥五号航天任务应该会使人类重返月球计划高速运转起来)”，由此可推断出Spudis对嫦娥四号和嫦娥五号飞行任务的态度是非常赞许的。因此答案为D。
答案 D
Ⅱ.七选五
(2019·浙江名校联考)
The nly thing better than a vacatin is a well­planned vacatin with friends. With careful preparatin and gd cmmunicatin, yu can ensure that yur grup will stay enthusiastic thrugh the whle trip. __1__
Chse friends yu get alng well with. Yu'll be spending a lt f time with yur travel cmpanins, s think f peple wh have similar general travel habits and are flexible and relaxed.__2__ Als cnsider whether a friend is an early riser r prefers t g t sleep late, and hw high­maintenance they tend t be.
__3__ Ask yur friends t be pen abut hw much yu're each willing t pay fr the trip, between travel, accmmdatin, fd and entertainment csts. Yu'll plan yur travel schedule arund these lse budget cnstraints (限制条件)．
Plan transprtatin. Buy plane tickets early t avid higher prices. Use public transprtatin if yur grup is small enugh t keep tgether. Cnsider renting a car if yu're traveling with small children r a larger grup.
Chse a destinatin. __4__ Since yu're traveling farther, it's best t g with a grup that's small and easy t keep tgether, n mre than three r fur peple. If yu knw yur friends wuld rather lunge by the beach than g walking all ver a city, a trip t a trpical destinatin might be the best chice.
Decide n daytime and nighttime activities. Research ppular attractins in yur destinatin and share them with yur grup. __5__ This will allw everyne's vice t be heard and ensures that the planners dn't have t make all the hard decisins.
Nw, it's time t start getting ready t plan the trip.
A．Discuss a budget early n.
B．Chse a rad trip fr a small grup that gets alng well.
C．Ask everyne t tell the planners ne r tw things they definitely want t d.
D．It's fine t bring bigger luggage, but they'll have t carry all their wn bags.
E．If yu want t experience a new culture, try bking a trip t a freign cuntry.
F．If yu enjy trips with lts f walking r hiking, cnsider whether yur friends have the similar hbbies.
G．Chse yur friends, destinatin and activities wisely and yur grup will enjy a fun and memrable hliday.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 和朋友在假期去旅行，如果计划周密，将是一个完美的、值得回忆的旅行。
1．G 文章从“chsing friends，budget，destinatin，activities”四个方面展开说明，G选项概括了这几个方面，且起到启下的作用，符合语境。
2．F 空前一句提到要想到有相似的旅行习惯，灵活放松的朋友，空后一句提到也要考虑朋友是否是早起或晚睡的人，由此判断出空处指的是考虑的其他因素，故F项“如果你喜欢步行多或远足多的旅行，应考虑你的朋友是否有相似的爱好。”符合语境。选项中的cnsider与空前空后的think f和cnsider呼应。
3．A 该空是小标题句，结合文章标题句特点(祈使句)和该段提到的pay，budget可知该段与旅行预算有关，故A项正确。
4．B 根据下文出现的“a grup that's small”和“n mre than three r fur peple”可知B项正确。选项中a small grup与下文的a grup that's small呼应。
5．C 根据空后一句“这就可以让计划者听取每个人的想法并确保计划者不需做出艰难的选择”可知C项“让每个人告诉计划者最想做的一两件事”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2019·温州质检)
I used t teach at a private high schl in New England. In ne f my classes, I had a student named Liza. On the first day when I called her name, I __1__ it Lisa, and she plitely __2__ me with a Z. I aplgized. In spite f the __3__ f the name, fr weeks I still gt it wrng.
The class began t call her Lisa. While they meant n __4__， I wrried that she wuld think I was deliberately __5__ her. I didn't understand it. Hw __6__ was it t remember the name Liza? __7__， it had nthing t d with memry r knwledge. The mistake had becme __8__， secretly stuck in sme neurn (神经元) that __9__ t let it g.
I came t __10__ the calling f the rll, but it cntinued with Lisa/Liza until ne day I saw her walking alne n the schlyard and __11__ her. “Lisa，” I said, and then stpped, t __12__ t make an aplgy. Liza just __13__ her arms arund me and said, “It desn't matter. Yu can call me __14__.” Frm that mment n, I never gt her name __15__ again—nt nce. It was as if the girl's __16__ had set me free frm sme magic, like in a fairy tale.
Frgiveness is a pwerful __17__ that children learn frm an early age. The cncept f frgiveness is __18__ taught by teachers and parents, but I have __19__ what it is just frm my student. Every time I want t scld smene fr his wrng, I will __20__ her gift f frgiveness.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者班上有一位名字叫Liza的学生，作者总是习惯性地称她为Lisa，班上的同学也效仿叫她Lisa，这令作者非常尴尬和忧虑。最终学生允许老师叫她Lisa，学生的宽恕令老师感受颇深、受益匪浅。
1．A.translatedB．wrte
C．prnuncedD．declared
解析 在开学第一天点到她的名字时，“我”“读”成了Lisa。C项正确，prnunce“发音；读音”。translate“翻译”；write“写”；declare“宣布”。
答案 C
2．A.suppliedB．cnnected
C．agreedD．crrected
解析 她礼貌地“纠正”了“我”的错误，指出是Z。crrect“指出错误；纠正”。supply“提供”；cnnect“联系”；agree“同意”。
答案 D
3．A.simplicityB．difference
C．valueD．imprtance
解析 尽管她的名字很“简单”，但几个星期以来“我”都读错了。simplicity“简单”，符合语境。difference“不同”；value“价值”；imprtance“重要性”。
答案 A
4．A.gdB．harm
C．jkeD．admiratin
解析 尽管他们没有“恶意”，“我”还是担心她会认为“我”是故意取笑她。根据while和n判断，应选择表示贬义色彩的harm。mean n harm“无恶意；无意伤害”。
答案 B
5．A.teasingB．answering
C．questiningD．puzzling
解析 班上的同学也称她Lisa，所以作者担心她会误解为“取笑”她。tease“取笑”，符合语境。questin“质问”；answer“回答”；puzzle“迷惑”。
答案 A
6．A.cnvenientB．interesting
C．easyD．hard
解析 记住Liza这个名字怎么这么“难”呢？作者一直叫错Liza的名字，对此他表示不解，故hard“困难的”，符合语境。
答案 D
7．A.ActuallyB．Hpefully
C．LuckilyD．Gradually
解析 叫错名字与记忆和知识无关。作者在下面两句解释了叫错名字的缘由，A项正确。actually“事实上，实际上”；hpefully“有希望地”；luckily“幸运地”；gradually“逐渐地”。
答案 A
8．A.uncncernedB．uncnscius
C．seriusD．intentinal
解析 这个错误的形成是“无意识的”，它秘密地潜伏在某个神经元中，受困于其中。由文意可知，叫错名字非故意为之，应选B项。uncncerned“不关心的；无兴趣的”；uncnscius“无意识的，自然流露的”；serius “严重的，严肃的”；intentinal“有意的；故意的”。
答案 B
9．A.arrangedB．ffered
C．refusedD．sught
解析 见上一题解析。arrange“安排”；ffer“(主动)提供”；refuse“拒绝”；seek“试图；设法”。此处应选择表示否定含义的C项。
答案 C
10．A.preferB．fear
C．knwD．expect
解析 “我”开始“害怕”点名了，但叫她Lisa而她纠正为Liza这种状况一直持续着，直到有一天“我”看到她独自在操场上散步为止。fear“害怕”与后半句“but it cntinued with Lisa/Liza...”中的but和cntinued含义匹配。
答案 B
11．A.caught up withB．called n
C．kept away frmD．searched fr
解析 根据“ne day I saw her walking alne n the schlyard”可排除B、D项，根据下面的交谈可排除C项，故选择A项。catch up with“赶上”；call n (sb.)“拜访(某人)”；keep away frm“避开，不接近”；search fr“寻找”。
答案 A
12．A.pleasedB．embarrassed
C．cnfusedD．relaxed
解析 生活常识解题。作者又一次叫错了名字，应该感到“尴尬”。embarrassed“尴尬的”，符合语境。pleased“高兴的”；cnfused“困惑的”；relaxed“放松的”。
答案 B
13．A.seizedB．dragged
C．threwD．turned
解析 她“张开双臂”搂住“我”。thrw在此意为“挥动(手臂)；摆动”。
答案 C
14．A.namesB．friends
C．LizaD．Lisa
解析 由“It desn't matter.”可看出，学生已认同老师称自己为“Lisa”了。
答案 D
15．A.rightB．acrss
C．wrngD．ver
解析 从那时起，“我”再也没有叫“错”她的名字。get sth. right“把事情搞清楚”；get acrss“被理解；被传达”；get sth. wrng“弄错”；get ver“克服；解决”。
答案 C
16．A.friendlinessB．frgiveness
C．sadnessD．eagerness
解析 这个女孩的“宽恕”让“我”从某种魔力中解脱出来，就像童话故事里一样。根据上文所述女孩的表现及下文中frgiveness的提示可知，答案为B项。friendliness“友好”；sadness“悲伤”； eagerness“迫切”。
答案 B
17．A.reprtB．skill
C．lessnD．message
解析 宽恕是孩子们从小学到的有影响力的“经验”。此处lessn表示从生活、事件或经历中学到的经验。
答案 C
18．A.merelyB．eventually
C．casuallyD．usually
解析 宽恕的含义“通常”是由家长和老师教的。merely“仅仅，只不过”；eventually“最后，终于”；casually“不在意地，临时地”；usually“通常”。
答案 D
19．A.learnedB．remembered
C．taughtD．created
解析 宽恕的含义通常由老师和家长来教，但“我”从“我”的学生那里“学到”了宽恕的真正含义。A项符合文义，且与前文中的taught相呼应。
答案 A
20．A.bring upB．let ut
C．g againstD．think f
解析 每次“我”要责备一个人的错误时，“我”就会“想起”她的宽恕。bring up“提出”；let ut“发出(叫声等)，放大”；g against“违反”；think f“想起；想到”。
答案 D
Ⅳ.短文改错
(原创)
China has successful landed a rbtic spacecraft n the far side f the Mn. This is the first time that any craft had landed n the far side that has never been explring. The un­crewed Chang'e­4 prbe is carrying equipments t analyze the regin's gelgy and cnducted a series f experiments. The Chang'e­4 prbe has already sent back it first pictures frm the surface, that were shared by state media.
As previusly Mn missins have nly landed n the Earth­facing side, s the landing is seen as a majr milestne(里程碑) in space explratin. A last crewed landing was Apll 17 in 1972.
答案与解析
China has eq \(successful,\s\d14(①successfully)) landed a rbtic spacecraft n the far side f the Mn. This is the first time that any craft eq \(had,\s\d14(②has)) landed n the far side that has never been eq \(explring,\s\d14(③explred)). The un­crewed Chang'e­4 prbe is carrying eq \(equipments,\s\d14(④equipment)) t analyze the regin's gelgy and eq \(cnducted,\s\d14(⑤cnduct)) a series f experiments. The Chang'e­4 prbe has already sent back eq \(it,\s\d14(⑥its)) first pictures frm the surface, eq \(that,\s\d14(⑦which)) were shared by state media.
As eq \(previusly,\s\d14(⑧previus)) Mn missins have nly landed n the Earth­facing side, the landing is seen as a majr milestne(里程碑) in space explratin. eq \(A,\s\d14(⑩The)) last crewed landing was Apll 17 in 1972.
①考查副词。在句中修饰谓语landed，应用副词作状语，故successful改为successfully。
②考查动词的时态。该句是固定句式this is the first time that从句，从句谓语用现在完成时。
③考查动词的语态。从句关系代词that指代先行词the far side，与explre是被动关系，应用被动语态，故explring改为explred。
④考查名词的单复数。equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式，其前也不能加a。
⑤考查非谓语动词。and前后连接两个并列的不定式作目的状语，故cnducted应改为cnduct。
⑥考查代词。在句中作定语，修饰名词pictures，应用形容词性物主代词，故it改为its。
⑦考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句。从句先行词是pictures，指“物”，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
⑧考查形容词。在句中作定语，修饰名词missins，应用形容词，故previusly改为previus。
⑨考查连词。as引导原因状语从句，不能与连词s连用。
⑩考查冠词。此处特指“上一个”，应用定冠词The。