2021高考英语二轮复习小综合训练8含解析202102232198

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小综合训练8　对应学生用书P136Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·武汉联考)For its outsize reputation, Silicon Valley is a narrow thing. America's innovation capital mainly consists of many small towns and cities on the San Francisco Peninsula (半岛) squeezed between the coastal mountain range to the west and the bay to the east. It is traditionally made up of the top of Santa Clara County as  well as the very bottom of San Marco County.Not long ago, this place was known as the Valley of Heart's Delight, famous for its plentiful fruit yards. The circumstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studied carefully,  and   many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon  Valley. But for the past two decades, photographer Beth Yarnelle Edwards has been documenting the one aspect often unnoticed by these observers: Silicon Valley's fundamentally suburban (郊区的) character.Edwards' Suburban Dreams project was born in 1997. “I felt lonely and trapped, but I realized that the  people around me really loved being there，” she recalled. She began by photographing friends and acquaintances  near her home in San Carlos.  The project grew as she interviewed her subjects to understand how their  environment shaped their hopes and dreams. “It's really important to me that the pictures are true to what is happening in the home，” she says. In 2016, Edwards began revisiting her subjects to see the effects of the growth and the wealth. But she was surprised by how  little had changed in the lives of those still there.Many Silicon Valley natives do not recognize much of what they see there nowadays. It's true that modest  bungalows (平房)  have been replaced by very large  houses. Almost everything is more crowded and more  expensive. But a lot will never change. The main roads— Highway 101, El Camino Real—are the same. So are the freestanding oak trees and gentle hills surrounded by  golden grass. And at the heart of them all, as Edwards'  photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive.【语篇解读】　 硅谷是由美国旧金山附近的郊区乡镇发展而成的，虽然经济富裕，高楼大厦取代了低矮的平房，但是从爱德华兹所拍摄的硅谷人民生活变化的照片可以看出，经济的发展对许多人的生活并没有产生很大的影响。人们仍旧保留着“郊区之梦”。1．Where is Silicon Valley?A．In the center of San Francisco.B．On the San Francisco Peninsula.C．On top of Santa Clara County.D．At the bottom of San Marco County.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，硅谷位于美国旧金山半岛处，夹在位于西部的沿海山脉和位于东部的海湾之间，故B项正确。答案　B2．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “replicate” in Paragraph 2?A．Copy. B．Replace.C．Study. D．Report.解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“The circumstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studied carefully, and many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon Valley.”可知，将农村变成科技中心的环境已经被仔细研究过，许多人试图复制硅谷的魔力；由该句中的“have been studied carefully”并结合语境可知，画线词义为“复制”，故A项正确。答案　A3．What did the project focus on later?A．People's hopes and dreams.B．The wish of the acquaintances.C．The true life of the local people.D．Silicon Valley's influences on the locals.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“在2016年，爱德华兹开始再次拜访她的研究对象，看看经济增长和财富带来的影响；但令她惊讶的是，那些仍在那里的人的生活变化甚微。”可知，该项目后来关注的是硅谷对当地人生活的影响，故D项正确。答案　D4．What can be the suitable title for the text?A．Crazy Changes, Crazy FollowersB．Wild Dream, Successful ProjectC．Lively City, Major InnovationD．Unchanging Life, Unchanging Dream解析　标题归纳题。根据尾段第四句“But a lot will never change.”和最后一句“And at the heart of them all, as Edwards' photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive.”，并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了“虽然硅谷在经济上取得了巨大的成功，但是人们的生活并没有由此发生太大的变化，人们的郊区之梦也没有改变”这一主题，故D项最适合作本文的标题。答案　DB(2019·成都诊断)Young trees don't just grow; they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it.  They also help each other out whenever there's trouble.Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author's land, there are three  oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature, the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can't be the explanation. So what's happening? Well, this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more  photosynthesis  (光合作用)  and  store  more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.Not only do trees make their own decisions but they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again.  This leads to several other conclusions: Trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don't have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.But trees aren't only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there's trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics (同种个体)  with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump (树桩) was still living. How was this possible? Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbor with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!Why do trees do_such_a_thing? It's simple: It's better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.【语篇解读】　小树在成长过程中不仅长大，也形成自己的个性，也会在麻烦时互相帮助。5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.B．To show trees can make independent decisions.C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.解析　 推理判断题。第一段说明小树形成自己的个性，第二段列举三棵橡树的生长表现，结合第三段第一句“树不仅有自己的选择，也从错误中学习。”由此推断出作者在第二段中提到橡树旨在说明树能自主做选择。答案　B6．According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees?A．Anxious and bold.B．Smart and adventurous.C．Helpful and well­behaved.D．Adaptable and supportive.解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“一年中留叶子太长的树永远不会再犯错误。”和第三句“树必须知道温度和一天的长短并能保存经历。”可推断出树适应性强。又由第四段中第二句可知树在有麻烦时通过发出警告，甚至利用营养物质照顾病弱的同种个体来支持彼此，由此说明树有支持性的特点，综合可知D项正确。答案　D7．What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean?A．Give warnings. B．Offer assistance.C．Depend on others. D．Provide nutrients.解析　词义猜测题。第四段说明树通过给其周围的树提供营养物质提供支持和帮助。故do such a thing指的是“提供支持”，故B项正确。答案　B8．Where does this text most probably come from?A．A public lecture. B．A science book.C．An experiment report. D．A travel journal.解析　推理判断题。短文介绍的是树的特点，属于科普知识，应出自科学书籍，故B项正确。答案　BⅡ.七选五(2019·郴州质检)Developing teamwork may seem to be a tough task—one that is filled with heartaches, headaches and sleepless hours.  That is, if you have people in the organization who are so individualistic that they can't work with each other, that might be harmful to the overall performance of the organization. __1__If you are a leader in the organization and you want to develop teamwork, you need to have a good understanding of your people. Spend time with them. Talk to them.  __2__ You will also discover what makes them come alive.  That is very important if you wish to win them over and develop good teamwork.When you understand the people in your organization, you also understand their motivation and their situation.   __3__ You would also know the best leadership style to use with any person in your organization. Developing teamwork requires participation of both leaders and employees. It is a two­way street.   __4__  That way, there will be better harmony in the organization. When that is done, the employees can simply come together, talk together and pursue the goals of the organization.Rewards should be offered to the effective teams in the organization. Most people understand rewards.   __5__ Punishment will only worsen things and bring down morale (士气) of the people in the organization. Of course, there will be time when punishment is necessary  and called for. But rewards are far better at increasing productivity and developing teamwork.A．Rewards should be used more than punishment.B．Effective teamwork depends a lot on the team leaders.C．This way, you will come to understand what they care for individually.D．The managers have to take the lead and the employees have to respond.E．That is why developing teamwork is very important in any organization.F．By doing so, each member of the team has the chance of performing better.G．Thus, you have a good understanding of how to bring  them together as a group.答案与解析【语篇解读】　一个组织或公司没有团队精神，整个团队表现或业绩就会很糟糕，如何发展团队精神呢？1．E　空前一句说明组织中的人们没有团队精神的害处，下文说明如何进行团队合作，因此空处应说明团队合作很重要，故E项正确。2．C　空前提到作为领导，应和员工谈话。空后一句说明发现使他们生气勃勃的事情，故该空应说明了解他们个人关心的事情，故C项正确。“what they care for”与空后一句中的“what makes them come alive”句式相似。3．G 　空前一句说明当理解组织中的人们时，也理解他们的动力和情况，因此，就可以理解如何让他们形成一个团体，故G项符合语境。4．D　 空前两句提到发展团队合作需要领导和员工的参与，空后提到只有这样做机构才能和谐，由此判断出D项“经理们应起到带头作用，员工们必须回应。”符合语境。5．A　根据设空前一句中的关键词Reward和设空后一句中的关键词Punishment结合设空前后提到的奖励有效工作的团队，和设空后提到的惩罚只会降低士气，由此判断出A项“多用奖励少用惩罚。”符合上下文语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·营口质检)Rajesh Naik __1__(transform) 120 acres of waste   land into an organic farm over the last years, providing an __2__(inspire) example of the efforts to create a large lake.“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral  (祖先的)  land, __3__ hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water. People thought it was impossible to farm this land and __4__ I was throwing away my career.  However, I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.It took a lot of financial resources and time  __5__ (create) the lake, which is enough to irrigate the whole farm. This has not only encouraged plant __6__(grow) in the area, but also helped in increasing the water table (地下水位) in the surrounding areas  __7__ the farm. Besides growing fruit and vegetables, Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has __8__ (many) than 200 cows.“If this model __9__  (carry) out in every part of the country, the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture  __10__ (total) based on organic farming. What is important is the will of the people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________答案与解析1．has transformed　考查动词的时态。句中时间状语是over the last years，因此谓语用现在完成时，故填has transformed。2．inspiring　 考查词性转换。设空后是名词example，应用形容词作定语，表示“令人鼓舞的”，故填inspiring。3．whose/where　考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句。先行词是land，指物/地点，从句中缺少状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。也可理解为名词hard rock structures前缺少定语，应用whose引导定语从句。4．that　考查名词性从句。thought引导两个宾语从句，第4空和空后的内容是其第二个宾语从句，从句在结构和句意上均完整，应用that引导宾语从句，且不能省略。5．to create　考查非谓语动词。该句是固定句式it takes/took time to do“花时间做某事”，故此处填不定式to create作主语。6．growth　考查词性转换。该空在句中作动词encouraged“促进”的宾语，应用名词作宾语，growth“生长”。7．of　考查介词。根据语境“这个农场周围的地区”，表所属，应用介词of。8．more　 考查固定短语。此处指200多头牛，应用固定短语more than，意为“多于”。9．is carried　考查动词的时态和语态。if引导的条件状语从句中，主句谓语是一般将来时，则从句谓语用一般现在时，主语this model与carry out是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is carried。10．totally　考查词性转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰非谓语动词based，应用副词，填totally，表示“全部地；彻底地”。