全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块一需要变形的词名词形容词和副词第2讲形容词副词和比较等级讲义教案

这是一份全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块一需要变形的词名词形容词和副词第2讲形容词副词和比较等级讲义教案，共12页。教案主要包含了小题快练等内容，欢迎下载使用。


Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )The beautiful (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
2. (2019·天津高考) N ne wants t live an extremely (extreme) lng life with a lt f chrnic diseases.
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years lnger (lng) than nn-runners.
4. (2019·北京高考)It’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and meaningful (meaning) cllege experience.
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the ludest(lud) f all.
Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and, r, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I stpped the ball and kicked it hardly back t the playgrund. (hardly改为hard)
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Tday I tried cking a simply dish myself. (simply改为simple)
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)See yu sner. (sner改为sn)
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Immediate, I raised my hand. (Immediate改为Immediately)
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A sick persn culd feel much mre better after seeing a dctr. (去掉mre)
Ⅱ. 短文改错六定法
1. 牢记易混词的词义: 如exciting与excited, hard与hardly, pssible与pssibly, here与there等;
2. 掌握易混词的词性, 主要考查形容词、副词、名词的词性混淆;
3. 根据句意作出正确判断;
4. 看比较范围, 判断形式是否正确。如果是两者之间的比较, 则用比较级; 如果是三者或三者以上的比较, 则用最高级;
5. 看比较级前是否误加了mre;
6. 看含有比较等级的固定句式是否准确。
形容词和副词的句法功能
1. 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。
※I have t attend an imprtant meeting this afternn. (作定语)
※I knw he is t ptimistic but I dn’t want t depress
him. (作表语)
※The rm was fund very dirty. (作主语补足语)
※Optimism makes a life happier and mre meaningful.
(作宾语补足语)
※Wrried abut the jurney, I was unsettled fr the first few days. (作状语)
【点津】
(1)通常只作表语的形容词:
①以“a-”开头的形容词: afraid害怕的, alne孤单的, alive活着的, alike相似的, ashamed羞愧的, awake醒着的;
②cntent, wrth, ill(有病的, 不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。
(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:
pssible, impssible, prbable, cnvenient, necessary等。
(3)形容词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2. 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
※Whenever we have truble with ur studies, ur teachers help us patiently. (作状语)
※The tide was ut and they walked amng the rck pls. (作表语)
※Unfrtunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel f the jeep. (作状语)
【点津】
(1)有些副词并不修饰动词, 而是修饰整个句子, 表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:
(2)兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同, 另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
形容词和副词的相互转化
1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
2. 在英语中, 有些词既可以作形容词, 又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, lud, well等。
※It brught a wide smile t his face and laughter t his eyes. (形容词)
※In a few secnds she was wide awake. (副词)
【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾, 但却是形容词而非副词: lively, lnely, lvely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1. 比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词, 在原级后加-er, -est构成, 如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词, 在原级前加mre, mst构成。
active—mre active—mst active
happily—mre happily—mst happily
【点津】①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词, 可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
cmmn—cmmner/mre cmmn—cmmnest/mst cmmn
②表示“最高程度”的形容词, 如excellent, extreme, perfect, favrite等, 没有最高级, 也不能用比较级。
(2)不规则形式
gd/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—wrse—wrst
2. 比较等级的用法
(1)基本用法
①两者相比, 表示“和……一样”, 用“as+原级+as”表示。
※He wrked as fast as a qualified technician.
【点津】在同级比较中, 若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词, 其语序为: as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as。
※Jhn is as clever a by as yu wish t meet.
②两者相比, 表示“不如……”, 用“nt as/s+原级+as”。
※It is nt s expensive as yu might expect.
③两者相比, 表示“比……更”, 用“比较级+than”; 表示“不比……更”, 用“nt+比较级+than”。
※The prcess f learning and develping is mre imprtant than the utcme.
※Her prnunciatin is as gd as, if nt better than, her teacher’s.
【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义, 其后面用t而不用than。如: superir t(优于, 高于); inferir t (次于); senir t (年长于, 地位高于); junir t(地位低于); prir t (早于, 较重要于)。
④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较, 表示最高程度时, 用“the+最高级+比较范围”。
※Her sns are the mst imprtant thing in her life.
(2)特殊用法
①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
※Learning becmes mre and mre difficult as we get lder.
②“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……, 就越……”。
※The harder we wrk, the mre prgress we will make.
③“mre+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
※She lks mre asleep than clever.
④“mre than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能; ……不能”。
※The beauty f the place is mre than I can describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级
※I culdn’t agree with yu any mre.
⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型
a. . . . 倍数+as+原级+as. . .
※The new building is three times as high as the ld ne.
b. . . . 倍数+比较级+than. . .
※The new building is twice higher than the ld ne.
c. . . . 倍数+the size/length/width/height, etc. +f. . .
※The new building is three times the height f the ld ne.
※Our classrm is three times as large as theirs.
=Our classrm is twice larger than theirs.
=Our classrm is three times the size f theirs.
3. 比较级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lt, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。
※The theme f the play std ut even mre clearly after it was revised.
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almst, by n means, nt really以及序数词等。
※I wuld say that intellect is by far the mst imprtant factr.
常用的分词形容词和副词
-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别: -ed形容词, 通常说明人, 意为“(某人)感到……”; -ing形容词通常说明事物, 意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有: interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised/surprising; pleased/pleasing; mved/mving; disappinted/disappinting等。
※The wine was excellent, but the fd was disappinting.
※We will be pleased t answer any questins yu may have.
【点津】原则上, -ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人, 若修饰事物, 则多为 lk (表情), air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), vice(声音), md(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
※Rger just lked up at him with a surprised lk.
※A hand helped me ut f the tree, and a frightened vice asked me if I was badly hurt.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①(2020·浙江高考)Farming prduced mre fd per persn than hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children.
②(2019·浙江高考)Schl unifrms are traditinal (traditin) in Britain, but sme schls are starting t get rid f them.
③(2018·浙江高考)Eating ut nce r twice a week may be affrdable (affrd) but ding this mst days adds up.
④(2019·江苏高考) Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers n the keys.
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic (energy).
⑥(2018·浙江高考 )There culd be an even higher (high) cst n yur health.
⑦Obviusly(bvius), a gd habit can help us t speed up t reach ur destinatins.
⑧The mre supprt yu win frm thers, the faster (fast) yu will mve tward yur gal.
⑨I was scanning the restaurant, waiting t sit at the first table that was mre cnvenient (cnvenient) than thers.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick persn culd feel much better after seeing a dctr. (amazing改为amazed)
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m surely yu’ll have a gd time. (surely改为sure)
③Over the past few decades, we have develped an amazing netwrk f public transprtatin. Beside, we have decided t make effrts t make it much better. (Beside改为Besides)
④Like mst grwn-ups, she enjys flk sngs, because the peacefully music reminds her f her beautiful life when she was yung. (peacefully改为peaceful)
⑤But I think we’d better have mre utdr activities. As students, we usually sit t lnger in the classrm, and as a result ur eyes and brains get tired. (lnger改为lng)
⑥The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste改为tasty)
⑦Dn’t panic r get ut f line, and try t remain quiet and calmly. (calmly改为calm)
⑧Mm said, “Hw nice t see yu again! Dad and I were terrible wrried. ” (terrible改为terribly)
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Althugh nt everyne agrees with the exam-riented methd this schl uses, it still ffers gaka candidates relatively(relative) fair access t higher educatin.
2. A yung man in Wuhan, Hubei Prvince has becme the latest Internet sensatin after a vide shwing his heart-warming act n a subway train went viral n scial media recently (recent).
3. With cuntless (cunt) treasures brught back frm the East, he became a wealthy man vernight.
4. And if the wrst cmes t the wrst, remember the ld English prverb, “Better (well) late than never. ”
5. The east side f their stems grws faster during the day, causing the stems t gradually (gradual) bend frm east t west.
6. He made a frightened (frighten) nise a little like the miaw f a cat.
7. She lked very excited (excite)t hear that she wn the first prize in the beauty cntest.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Different cuntries have wildly different frms f greeting.
In the USA, when yu pass by smene yu knw, a nd is acceptable, and yu usually shake hands with smene yu first meet. But in Latin cuntries, a firm handshake 1. __________ (cnsider) rude. In my hme cuntry, Mauritius, when peple meet, they usually kiss each ther 2. __________ the cheeks. This is als cmmn in France, 3. __________ the act is called faire la bise. Hwever, this is nt 4. __________ universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had t tell me that that was inapprpriate, 5. __________(leave) me in great embarrassment. What is cmmn here, hwever, is fr friends 6. __________(hug) each ther—smething I was nt used t. Hugs always make me 7. __________(frighten) because I dn’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 8. __________(stranger) is nrmal in my cuntry. Nw that I think abut it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wuldn’t it be 9. __________(enjy) t have a greeting cde that is 10. __________(wide) acceptable? I’m nt saying we shuld start ding that, but we can surely d smething t avid misunderstanding.
1. 【解析】is cnsidered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词cnsider是被动关系, 此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实, 与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is cnsidered。
2. 【解析】n。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊, 在脸上用介词n, 故填n。
3. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France, 在定语从句中作地点状语, 用关系副词where引导, 故填where。
4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式, 此处表示一种普遍的规则, universal发音以辅音音素开头, 故填a。
5. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词, 此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系, 用动词-ing形式作结果状语, 故填leaving。
6. 【解析】t hug。考查动词不定式。句中What is cmmn here是主语从句, 此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填t hug。
7. 【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词, 故填frightened。
8. 【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词, 此处表示泛指用复数形式, 故填strangers。
9. 【解析】enjyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语, 故填enjyable。
10. 【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词, 指广泛接受的, 故填widely。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
In my childhd, my parents sent me t learn Chinese calligraphy. Hwever, things are quite ppsite t their expectatins. Nt nly I get bred with hurs f practice but als I dubted abut the valuable f it. Nevertheless, when I entered high schl, write calligraphy prved bth essential r beneficial. It was at that time that when I realized hw imprtant it is t master a certain skill.
Judging frm my wn experience, I want t say a few wrd t thse children wh have a same truble as I did. D nt refuse t learn a skill when yung, as at the lng run yu will find them helpful.
答案:
1. 【解析】第二句的are→were。考查动词的时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时, 故将are改为were。
2. 【解析】第三句在I前加did。考查倒装句。在nt nly. . . but als. . . 结构中, 若nt nly置于句首, 含nt nly的分句用部分倒装; 根据上下文的时态可知, 在主语I前加助动词did构成倒装。
3. 【解析】第三句的valuable→value。考査名词。此处表示“书法练习的价值”, 应将形容词valuable改为其名词形式value。
4. 【解析】第四句的write→writing。考查非谓语动词。短语writing calligraphy作主语。
5. 【解析】第四句的r→and。考查并列连词。bth. . . and. . . 是习惯搭配。
6. 【解析】第五句的when删掉。考查强调句。此句在对时间状语at that time进行强调, 根据强调句的结构 “It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”可知。
7. 【解析】第六句的wrd→wrds。考查名词。wrd表示“言语, 话”时是可数名词, a few提示wrd应使用复数形式。
8. 【解析】第六句的a→the。考査冠词。形容词same前习惯搭配定冠词the。
9. 【解析】第七句的 at→in。考査介词短语。in the lng run是固定短语, 意为“从长远来看”。
10. 【解析】第七句的them→it。考査代词。此处代词指代上文中的a skill, 故将them改为it。
Ⅳ. 写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文, 并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。
Dear David,
I’ve learned it frm the Internet that yu want t make a Chinese friend s as t learn the Chinese language and culture. 1. I’m glad that yu shw such great interest in China (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and I wuld like t be yur friend.
2. I will try my best t write t yu as ften as pssible t intrduce yu the Chinese culture. (我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化). When yu have an pprtunity t cme t China, I’ll teach yu hw t speak Chinese and 3. shw yu arund sme famus histrical places f interest. (带你参观一些著名的历史名胜) 4. Anyway, I am ging t help yu as much as I can. (无论如何, 我将尽可能多地帮助你)Hw d yu think?
I’m lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua表递进
besides, further, then, mrever等
表结果
therefre, cnsequently, accrdingly, thus等
表转折
thugh, instead, therwise, hwever等
表等同
similarly, equally等
表对比
rather, ppsitely等
表概括
altgether, generally等
表列举
first(ly), secnd(ly), finally等
表同位
namely等
表时间
meanwhile, smetimes, ccasinally等
表特指
particularly, especially等
转换方法
例词
一般情况, 在形容词词尾直接加-ly
real—really; helpful—helpfully
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i, 然后再加-ly
busy—busily; angry—angrily; easy—easily
以-le结尾, 去e直接加y
terrible—terribly; gentle—gently
元音字母+e 结尾, 先去掉e, 然后再加-ly
true—truly
以ll结尾的词只加y
full—fully
以ic结尾的词加ally
autmatic—autmatically
energetic—energetically
特殊情况
构成方式
例词
以不发音的e结尾
加-r和-st
brave—braver—bravest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i, 再加-er和-est
happy—happier—happiest
以重读闭音节结尾
双写词尾字母, 再加-er和-est
ht—htter—httest