全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式第10讲特殊句式讲义教案

第10讲　特殊句式

Ⅰ. 语法填空

1. (2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

2. (2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记

1. 强调句型用于强调陈述句; 2. 强调句型用于强调一般疑问句; 3. 强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句; 4. 强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句中的语序; 5. 强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。

Ⅱ. 短文改错

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up! ”“Slow down! ”“Turning left! ”(Turning改为Turn)

Ⅱ. 短文改错定法

特殊句式的考查一般借助上下语境的分析。掌握特殊句式中祈使句、感叹句、倒装句、强调句型的具体用法。

祈使句

祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此, 祈使句中一般没有主语, 但根据其句意, 实际上是省略了主语you。

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:

1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。

※(2018·北京高考)In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. 在任何不安全的情况下, 只要按下按钮, 一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。

2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。

※Be careful to avoid being subjective and one-sided.

切忌主观片面。

3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。

※Let Tom go there himself. 让汤姆自己去那里。

祈使句的否定句式, 通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never。

※Don’t swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。

※Never answer the phone while driving.

绝不在开车时接电话。

【小题快练】

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

①Always keep(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.

②Don’t let him do (do) that again.

Ⅱ. 单句改错

Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow. (Doing→Do)

感叹句

　　感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导的, 其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语! ”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句, 常见的有:

(1)What感叹句

What作定语, 修饰名词, 其感叹句句型结构:

①What+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 如:

※What an apple this is!

②What+a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 如:

※What an interesting story it is!

③What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! 如:

※What honest children they are! 

※What important water it is!

(2)How感叹句

How作状语, 修饰形容词、副词和动词, 其感叹句句型结构:

①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

※How beautiful the city is! 

※How hard the workers are working! 

②How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 如:

※How interesting a story it is! 

③How+主语+谓语! 如:

※How time flies!

【小题快练】 单句语法填空

①Seen from the top, it looks very beautiful. How colorful the mountain is!

②The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was! 

③How I wish my work could be settled within a day!   

倒装

1. 部分倒装

(1)将含有否定意义的副词、介词短语或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有: never, seldom, rarely, hardly, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , not until, nowhere, neither. . . nor. . . 等。

※The Internet is one of the ways these feelings are conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations. 互联网是传达这些情感的一种方式, 或许它从未如此有效地将不同的民族和国家联系起来。

※(2019·天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 这位教授警告学生们, 在他的课堂上, 决不应该使用手机。

(2)“only+状语”置于句首时, 主句要进行部分倒装。

※Only then did we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.

只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。

※Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. 只有在和两个学生交谈之后我才发觉拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素之一。

【点津】①若only修饰主语, 句子不倒装;

②only+状语从句位于句首时, 主句倒装, 从句不倒装;

③构成部分倒装结构时, 如果谓语部分无情态动词或be动词, 则需要找助动词来帮助构成倒装句。

※Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.

只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候, 她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。

(3)so/such. . . that. . . 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要用部分倒装结构。

※So touching did the song sound that I couldn’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.

这首歌听起来如此令人感动以至于我第一次听到它时就忍不住流下眼泪。

(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时, 用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义, neither/nor表示否定意义)。

※None of us were familiar with planting, and nor did we know how to use gardening tools.

我们都不熟悉种植, 也不知道如何使用园艺工具。

※Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

(5)as引导让步状语从句时, 状语从句必须部分倒装; though引导让步状语从句时, 从句可部分倒装, 也可不倒装。

※One has reason to believe that China’s anti-corruption over the past few years, tough as/though it is, has achieved inspiring progress. 有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐行动取得了令人鼓舞的成就, 虽然这个行动很艰难。

(6)在非真实条件句中, 条件句中的if省略时, 助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面。

※(2017·江苏高考) Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 要不是老师们的支持, 这个学生是不可能克服她的困难的。

2. 全部倒装

当here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首, 且句子主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装。

※Up into the blue sky flew the bird when we passed by its nest.

当我们经过它的鸟巢时, 鸟飞上了蓝天。

※She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it were two sharp knives.

她打开它, 深深地呼了一口气。它里面是两把锋利的刀子。

【小题快练】

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

①So accustomed are (be)most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up good salary for an idea seems like a little bit crazy.

②Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

③I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and so was my friend Mike.

④At the top of the hill lies (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.

Ⅱ. 单句改错

①Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. (在I前加did)

②In front of the stadium stand a long queue waiting for the star’s arrival. (stand改为stands)

③In a word, success is important, and so does failure, because it’s the mother of success. (does改为is)

强调的两种形式

1. 强调句型

(1)强调句型的基本结构:  It is/was+被强调的部分+that+句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人, 且作主语时, 引导词也可用who。

※(2020·江苏高考)But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.

但研究人员发现, 最重要的可能是脂肪细胞内部的影响。

【点津】强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。

※It is our teacher that/who helps us make great progress.

(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构:  Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分? 

※Was it during the Second World War that he died?

(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:  特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+句子其他部分? 

※Where was it that you found your lost pen?

【点津】由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时, 从句必须使用陈述语序。

※The question that puzzled them is how it is that they can get rid of the air pollution in the area.

(4)not. . . until. . . 句型的强调结构: It is/was not until. . . +that+句子其他部分。

※—How long is it since you picked up your badminton training?

自从你重新练习羽毛球有多久了?

—It was not until my finance became better in last December that I started the training.

直到去年十二月, 我的资金状况好转了, 我才开始训练的。

2. 强调谓语动词

用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词, 用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中, do还可以用于祈使句。

※Some people do believe that nuclear power poses a threat to the world peace.

【点津】强调句型与三大从句的区别

【小题快练】

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

①His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.

②Was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come to the party?

③I don’t mind her pointing out my weaknesses, but it is how she does it that I am opposed to.

④It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

Ⅱ. 单句改错

①It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day. (when→that)

②It was him who showed me how to smile through the rough times. (把him改为he)

③When was it he made up his mind to take this lesson? (it后加that)

④It was not until his third match in 1790 when he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. (when改为that)

Ⅰ. 句型转换

1. He speaks so slowly and strangely that it takes patience to understand what he is saying.

→So slowly and strangely does he speak that it takes patience to understand what he is saying.

2. Although he was treated very carefully, the boy couldn’t get well.

→Although treated very carefully, the boy couldn’t get well.

3. We make significant advances in our lives only by accepting and using our mistakes in this way.

→Only by accepting and using our mistakes in this way can we make significant advances in our lives.

4. She cares little about what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.

→Little does she care about what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.

5. Although he looks foolish, he always seems to make the wisest proposal. (让步状语从句的倒装)

Foolish as/though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposal.

Ⅱ. 语法填空

Daytime ban on outdoor exercise

　　Paris has banned all outdoor exercise 1. __________ 10 am and 7 pm in a tightening of containment 2. __________ (measure) aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19(新冠肺炎). French authorities issued a 3. __________ (state) warning anyone 4. __________ (catch) jogging or exercising in public from Wednesday during those hours will face fines of between 135 and 375.

　　“It is through responsibility, self-regulation and collective discipline 5. __________ Parisians will best help health workers in their fight against the epidemic (疫情), ” the joint statement from the city’s Mayor Department and Police Prefecture 6. __________ (say).

　　France 7. __________(be) on lockdown since March 17, preventing anyone from leaving their home 8. __________ they are key workers or going out to buy food or medicine. Until now, people were also allowed to exercise 9. __________(individual) as long as it was for 10. __________ (little) than an hour and within one kilometre of their home.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。巴黎为加强防控措施、防止新冠肺炎传播, 已禁止上午10点至晚上7点之间的所有户外活动。禁止任何人离开自己的家, 除非他们是关键工作人员或外出购买食品或药品。人们还被允许单独锻炼, 只要时间不超过一小时, 并且距离自己家一千米以内。

1. 【解析】between。考查介词。根据句意可知, 此处是固定短语between. . . and. . . “在……和……之间”。故填between。

2. 【解析】measures。考查名词复数。measure表“措施”时, 常用复数形式。故填measures。

3. 【解析】statement。考查名词。根据句意及不定冠词a可知, 此处表示“一份声明”, 应使用名词单数形式。故填statement。

4. 【解析】caught。考查非谓语动词。catch与anyone是逻辑动宾关系, 应使用过去分词, 表被动。故填caught。

5. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。分析句子成分可知, 此处是强调句型, 强调through responsibility, self-regulation and collective discipline, 指物, 应使用that。故填that。

6. 【解析】said。考查动词时态。根据句意可知, 此处描述的是过去的事情, 应使用一般过去时。故填said。

7. 【解析】has been。考查动词时态。根据时间状语since March 17可知, 此处使用现在完成时, 主语France是单数概念, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。

8. 【解析】unless。考查条件状语从句。根据句意可知, 此处使用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。

9. 【解析】individually。考查副词。此处修饰动词exercise, 应使用副词。故填individually。

10. 【解析】less。考查形容词比较级。根据空后than可知, 此处使用比较级。故填less。

Ⅲ. 短文改错

　　Last Friday, our class organized a visit to the city museum. We got to there by bus. First, we listened to the brief introduction to the museum. Then, we set out to exploring the museum in small groups. Which caught our attention first was some skillful carved bronze wares dating from the Shang Dynasty. Afterwards, we looked at some cultural relics relate to Shanxi Merchants and local custom. To be honest, I felt amazing at the wide range of exhibits on display.

　　I benefited a lot from this experience. Not only it widen my horizons and it made me take pride in the history of my hometown.

1. 【解析】第二句去掉to。考查介词。get there 意为“到那里”, there 为副词, 前面不能加介词 to。故将to删除。

2. 【解析】第三句the改为a。考查冠词。a brief introduction 意为“一个简短的介绍”, 此处 introduction 在前文中并未出现过, 表示泛指, 并不是特指, 且brief的读音是以辅音音素开头, 所以应该用不定冠词 a 来修饰, 而不是定冠词 the。故将 the 改为 a。

3. 【解析】第四句 exploring改为explore。考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth. 意为“开始做某事”。故将 exploring 改为explore。

4. 【解析】第五句Which改为What。考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知, 该句为主语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 又根据主句的表语 bronze wares 可知, 从句的主语指代物, 所以用 what 来引导。故将Which 替换为 What。

5. 【解析】第五句skillful 改为skillfully。考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 修饰动词 carved , 应该用副词 skillfully。故将 skillful 改为skillfully。

6. 【解析】第六句relate改为related或relating。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词looked at, 所以 relate 要用其非谓语动词形式, 由于主语 relics 与动词 relate 之间是主动关系, 所以要用 relate 的现在分词形式 relating; be related to 意为“与……有关”, 此处可省略 be 动词, 直接使用 related to 作 relics 的后置定语。故将 relate 改为related/relating。

7. 【解析】第六句custom改为customs。考查名词。根据连词 and 之前的名词 Shanxi Merchants(晋商)的复数形式可知, local custom 也应该用复数, custom 的复数形式为 customs。故将 custom 改为customs。

8. 【解析】第七句amazing改为amazed。考查形容词。amazing 意为“令人惊奇的”, 一般用来形容物; amazed 意为“感到惊讶的”, 一般用来形容人, 这里主语 I 是人, 想要表达“我”很惊讶, 故应该用 amazed。故把amazing 改为 amazed。

9. 【解析】第九句not only后加did。考查倒装句。Not only 置于句首, 句子应该部分倒装, 该句时态应为一般过去时, 所以在主语 it 之前加上助动词 did, 形成部分倒装结构。故在 it 之前添加 did。

10. 【解析】第九句 and 改为but。考查固定搭配。not only. . . but (also). . . 为固定搭配, 意为“不仅……而且……”, 所以这里应该用 but 来连接, 而不是 and。故将 and 改为but。

Ⅳ. 写作运用

补全下面写作, 注意特殊句式的运用。

Dear Jane,

1. How time flies(时间过得真快! )!  I’m delighted to hear from you. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy. 2. Here is my advice(这是我的建议).

Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet. 3. Don’t eat food high in fat and too much sweet food(不要吃高脂肪高糖食物). You should eat more vegetables. Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body. 4. Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better(只有这样你才能够有足够的精力投入到学习中去). As we all know, 5. it is regular exercise that plays an important part in keeping us healthy(有规律的锻炼在保持我们的健康方面起重要作用). Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn’t stay up too late at night.

6. Eat properly and exercise regularly and you will stay healthy(正确地饮食和有规律地锻炼, 你会保持健康的). 7. I do hope my advice is helpful(我真希望我的建议有用).

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua