2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第一篇专题二阅读填句课件

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第一篇专题二阅读填句课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了明考情·知考查特点，知命题·晓答题策略，研典题·授考场秘诀，考场思维模式，新题精练·素养应用，专题能力提升练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题二　阅读填句
明考情·知考查特点
知命题·晓答题策略
【典型考题】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance　　We all want it. . . to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 　36　 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.  　　●　37　 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
研典题·授考场秘诀
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 　38　 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best. ”  　　●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 　39　 
　　●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 　40　 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?  
A. Feeling upset again?　　　　　　　　　　　B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G. When does the comparison game start?
【考场思维模式】
Passage 1(2020·济南外国语学校高三月考) Whether you’re going in for checkups or common tests in the hospital, here’s how to get the most out of your next visit. If you’re going in for a regular doctor visit, you’re probably going to have your blood pressure taken. So it’s best to avoid coffee right before your appointment. 　1　 Using coffee or other caffeine such as energy drinks or colas within an hour of having your blood pressure measured can make the number artificially higher. 　2　They also may cause untrue results.  
新题精练·素养应用
You probably want to show the doctor your best health. 　3　 Before an annual appointment, your providers would like you to be honest and upfront about your lifestyle and diet so they can have an accurate history of your health and provide you with the best possible care. You may think improving an unhealthy diet close to your appointment date is necessary. 　4　 It takes a long time for diet to change cholesterol and blood sugar, so a dietary change of a few days or meals isn’t going to do much. Changes occur over the long term, so it’s best to eat healthily as much as you can.  
No matter what kind of appointment you have, you may be a bit nervous-after all, being examined by a doctor can make us feel vulnerable and even embarrassed. But if you write down the things you want to talk about before you go (or even make a note on your phone), you’re less likely to forget or lose you nerve. It’s helpful if you come in with your list of questions. 　5　 
A. You may get too nervous to ask. B. The same goes for tobacco products. C. It might affect the results. D. But probably that wouldn’t matter. E. Your doctor wants you to feel better. F. It’s not necessary to change your eating habits. G. Don’t be afraid to write down.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了就医时的一些建议, 如: 不要在与医生预约看病前喝咖啡和抽烟, 没必要改变饮食习惯, 以及列出自己的问题清单。1. 【解析】选C。根据后文可知在测量血压一小时内饮用咖啡或其他含咖啡因的饮料, 如能量饮料或可乐, 会人为地使血压升高。由此可知, 喝咖啡可能会影响最后结果的准确性。上文中coffee对应到C选项中It。故C选项“这可能会影响结果”符合上下文语境。
2. 【解析】选B。根据后文They also may cause untrue results. 可知它们也可能导致不真实的结果。由此可知, 本句同样是在列举会影响结果的因素。故B选项“烟草产品也是如此”符合上下文语境。3. 【解析】选F。根据后文可知在年度预约之前, 你的医生希望你对自己的生活方式和饮食诚实坦率, 这样他们就能准确了解你的健康状况, 为你提供最好的治疗。由此可知, 为了让医生准确地了解到您的健康状况, 是没有必要改变自己的饮食习惯的。故F选项“没有必要改变你的饮食习惯”符合上下文语境。
4. 【解析】选D。根据后文可知饮食改变胆固醇和血糖需要很长时间, 所以几天或几顿饭的饮食改变不会有多大作用。由此可知, 在你的预约看病前改善不健康的饮食并没有多大的作用, 是无关紧要的改变。故D选项“但这可能无关紧要”符合上下文语境。5. 【解析】选G。根据上文可知如果你带着你的问题清单来, 这是很有帮助的。由此可知, 本句承接上文应当是在鼓励人们将自己的问题写下来。故G选项“不要害怕写下来”符合上下文语境。
Passage 2 (2020·潍坊模拟)What does Wi-Fi stand for? Long gone are the days of dial-up and waiting for your turn to use the computer. It’s easier than ever to connect to the Internet in the digital world today. 　1　 
Wi-Fi is a wireless network that uses radio frequency signals to connect to the Internet or send messages between devices without wires. Everything from your phone and laptop to tablets and printers can use Wi-Fi, thanks to these waves. 　2　 Two years later, a group of companies formed the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA, now the Wi-Fi Alliance), a global non-profit organization created to promote the new Wi-Fi standard.  
None of that history explains what Wi-Fi stands for, because the phrase doesn’t stand for anything. Wi-Fi is a trademarked term describing the device or technology based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) wireless communication standard 802. 11, according to the Wi-Fi Alliance. 　3　 So the Wi-Fi Alliance hired the marketing company Interbrand to come up with a shorter name: Wi-Fi, according to one of the founding Alliance members.  
　4　 The rumor that it stands for “Wireless Fidelity (无线局域网)” is thanks to the Alliance. Some members didn’t understand the branding or marketing for Wi-Fi. They felt consumers would want an explanation for the name. So the Alliance agreed to include a tagline: The Standard for Wireless Fidelity. That’s why so many people assume Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity, but the tagline came after the name. 　5　 Don’t add to the confusion and stop miss-associating these phrases by learning the real meaning behind these acronyms (缩略词).  
A. That’s a mouthful. B. This is mostly thanks to Wi-Fi. C. The name caused a misconception about Wi-Fi. D. There is some debate surrounding the question what Wi-Fi stands for. E. In 1997, a committee of industry leaders approved a common Wi-Fi standard. F. Several years ago, a common standard of Wi-Fi was set up by several companies. G. Plus, the Alliance removed the tag, although the confusion it brought still lives on today.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Wi-Fi的历史, Wi-Fi这个名字的由来以及就这个名字背后所代表的含义引发的一些争议。1. 【解析】选B。根据上文Long gone are the days of dial-up and waiting for your turn to use the computer. It’s easier than ever to connect to the Internet in the digital world today. 以及下文Wi-Fi is a wireless network that uses radio frequency signals to connect to the Internet or send messages between devices without wires. 可知是在说明Wi-Fi带给人们的便利, 连接互联网比以前更容易应归功于Wi-Fi。故B选项“这主要归功于Wi-Fi。”符合上下文语境。
2. 【解析】选E。根据下文Two years later, a group of companies formed the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA, now the Wi-Fi Alliance), a global non-profit organization created to promote the new Wi-Fi standard. 可知本句为说明推出了新的通用的Wi-Fi标准。故选E选项“1997年, 一个行业领袖委员会批准了一个通用的Wi-Fi标准。”
3. 【解析】选A。根据下文So the Wi-Fi Alliance hired the marketing company Interbrand to come up with a shorter name: Wi-Fi, according to one of the founding Alliance members. 可知因为上文提出的名字过于拗口, 因此Wi-Fi联盟想出了一个更简短的名字。故选A选项“真拗口。”4. 【解析】选D。根据下文The rumor that it stands for “Wireless Fidelity” is thanks to the Alliance. Some members didn’t understand the branding or marketing for Wi-Fi. They felt consumers would want an explanation for the name. 可推知对于Wi-Fi代表什么存在一些争议。故选D选项“关于Wi-Fi代表什么有一些争论。”
5. 【解析】选G。根据下文Don’t add to the confusion and stop miss-associating these phrases by learning the real meaning behind these acronyms. 可推知为了避免造成混乱, 联盟去掉了tagline这个标签, 但是混乱今天仍然存在。故选G选项“此外, 该联盟去掉了这个标签, 尽管它带来的混乱今天仍然存在。”
Passage 3 (2020·东营高三月考)　　If you were like most kids, your mother must have told you there were three no-no’s when it came to your fingers: Don’t put them in an electrical outlet, don’t stick them up your nose (at least not in public), and don’t use them when you are counting. 　1　 But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students.  
It certainly makes sense. When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept—mathematics—and translate it into the most basic and visual form. 　2　Even when we aren’t actually counting on figures, they still can help us on math problems.   　3　 It activates when we respond to heat, pressure, pain, or the use of a given finger.  
Studying brain scans, researchers discovered that when students aged 8 to 13 work on subtraction (减法 ) equations, this region “lights up” on the scans, even if the students aren’t using their fingers. The more complex the problem is, the more activities are detected.
The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests as well. With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a researcher was touching. 　4　 When college students were given the same quiz, the highest scores once again performed best on calculation tests.  
So what does all this mean? For one thing, parents and teachers shouldn’t discourage children from counting on their fingers. 　5　Memorizing the multiplication tables may help, but it is not the best option. “I would like to see interesting and creative representations of ideas. ” says Jo Boaler, a professor of math education.   Recently, a series of activities have been designed to strengthen students’ perception of their fingers. Maybe in the near future, there will be only two no-no’s regarding the use of fingers.
A. There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area. B. Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools. C. The first two laws of fingers are as true as ever. D. That may sound simplistic, but the researchers offer an interesting explanation. E. Researchers found those scoring highest on the finger-ID questions scored higher on a math test. F. Researchers are unimpressed by those students who finish quickly as well. G. In fact, experts believe the brain is built to “see” any process with our fingers.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。家长经常教育孩子不要用手指数数, 但研究表明用手指数数对数学能力有促进作用。1. 【解析】选C。上文讲母亲告诉你的三个不要用手指的事项, 再根据空后But experts in education and cognition now believe that using your fingers to do math is not only a perfectly good idea but may even help children become superior students. 可知, 教育专家说数数时用手指是很好的方法。因此推断, C项手指的前两个定律和以往一样正确, 是对上文的总结, 对下文的转折。
2. 【解析】选G。根据空前When children count on their fingers, they take an abstract concept — mathematics — and translate it into the most basic and visual form. 可知, 用手指数数能把抽象的数学概念变成最基本的视觉形式。因此推断, G项事实上, 专家认为大脑能够“看到”我们手指的图像, 是对上句的进一步解释。3. 【解析】选A。根据下文可知, 当我们对热、压力、疼痛或使用给定的手指作出反应时, 它就会激活。下文内容接着讲大脑特定区域的具体工作程序, 因此推断, A项There is a section of the brain, called the somatosensory finger area. 讲得是大脑的一个区域, 引出下文。下文It指代上文的the somatosensory finger area。
4. 【解析】选E。本段第一句The connection between finger use and math ability has been proved on old-fashioned math tests as well. 可知此处在讲手指使用和数学能力之间的关系, 根据空格上文With their eyes closed, first graders were asked to identify which of their fingers a researcher was touching. 可知, 此处讲述研究过程, 因此推断, E项说明了两者之间的关系, 符合本段主题。5. 【解析】选B。根据上文可知, 首先, 父母和老师不应该阻止孩子们用手指数数。B项Researchers also stress that students simply learn better using visual tools. 与上句并列。
Passage 4(2020•太原二模)　　A rocket problem that forces astronauts to evacuate (撤退) may appear to be a plot straight out of a Hollywood movie. However, that is exactly what happened to Russian astronaut Alexey Ovchinin and American astronaut Nick Hague. 　1　 　　The event happened shortly after the Soyuz rocket and its Soyuz MS—to space capsule (联盟号太空舱) carrying the astronauts took off from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. 　2　 
　 The takeoff went off smoothly, but just 119 seconds later, officials from Russia’s space agency informed NASA the booster (助推器) had failed to separate from the capsule. 　3　 Instead, they were ordered to evacuate by separating the capsule and returning to Earth in what is known as a ballistic descent mode (弹道下降模式). The sharp drop is similar to free-falling from the skies and subjects astronauts to high levels of g-force.  
　　　4　 They appeared to be in an excellent condition when they crash-landed about 20 kilometers east of Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, just 34 minutes after they stopped the task. Upon arrival, they were quickly found by the rescue team from Baikonur Cosmodrome and taken to the hospital for a quick check-up to ensure they had not suffered any injuries during their rough ride back to Earth.  
　　It will take a few weeks for experts to determine what caused the problem of the usually reliable Soyuz rocket. 　5　 Hague, who was on his way to the space station for the first time, later joked, “I imagined that my first trip to outer space was going to be a memorable one. I didn’t expect it to be quite this memorable. ” A. To their sadness, this event became a nightmare for their future space journey. B. The two scientists were on their way to carry out a six-month task at the International Space Station.
C. Surprisingly, the harrowing event has not stopped Hague’s and Ovchinin’s wish to go to space. D. Thus, the astronauts didn’t head to the International Space Station. E. And luckily, they became the main characters of the movie about space exploration. F. Fortunately, the “movie” had a happy ending with both scientists returning to Earth safely. G. Fortunately, Hague and Ovchinin had been well-trained for such emergencies.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文, 讲述了俄罗斯宇航员阿列克谢·奥弗奇宁和美国宇航员尼克·黑格被迫撤离火箭的事件经过。1. 【解析】选F。根据上一句可知本空应是承接上文说明事情的结果, 故F选项“幸运的是, 这部‘电影’有一个皆大欢喜的结局, 两位科学家都安全返回了地球。”符合语境。故选F。2. 【解析】选B。根据上一句可推测下文说明本次事件涉及这两位科学家。故B选项“这两位科学家正前往国际空间站执行为期六个月的任务。”符合语境。故选B项。
3. 【解析】选D。根据上一句可知助推器未能与太空舱分离, 因此可推知宇航员没有前往国际空间站。故选D项。4. 【解析】选G。结合上文 “虽然这种急剧下降类似于从空中自由落体, 使宇航员承受高水平的重力”和下文“Hague和Ovchinin的状况看起来非常好”可知他们很幸运, 是得益于某种原因, 故选G。5. 【解析】选C。根据下一句可知这一令人痛心的事件并没有打消黑格和奥弗奇宁想要继续前往太空的愿望。故选C。
Passage 5 (2020·宝鸡二模)How to Express Gratitude to Your Loved Ones　　Write “thank you” cards. “Thank you” cards aren’t just meant for your teachers; you can give them to anyone who has influenced your life in a positive way. You can write these cards to your best friend, and 　1　 　　Do favors for your friends. If you want to express your gratitude, then you shouldn’t do favors for your friends just because they’ve helped you out recently or because you want something in return. Instead, 　2　 
Listen. Just sit down with the person, shut off your phone, make eye contact, and take the time to really hear the person out, instead of interrupting or planning your response in your head. 　　　3　 Don’t compare the person’s experience to your own unless you really think it will help.  
　　Tell your family members how much you appreciate them. You may be taking your family members for granted without even realizing it. If you want to show your family members how much they mean to you, then all you have to do is 　4　 , and to show that you appreciate all of the love, rides, food, help, and any other offerings they have given you.  
　　　5　 Another way to express gratitude is to thank a person in front of other people. You shouldn’t do this in a way that makes the person embarrassed, but you should make it clear how much the person means to you and how hard he or she has worked for you.  A. you can study harderB. help them out just because you care for them. C. Don’t give advice unless the person asks for it. D. because your parents love you and care you deeply.
E. to remember to tell them that you love them every single dayF. you don’t need to wait for a special occasion to send one along, either. G. Express gratitude to the person publicly. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了向自己所爱的人表达感激之情的六种方法。
1. 【解析】选F。前半句You can write these cards to your best friend中的cards与选项F句中的send相对应。故选F项。2. 【解析】选B。根据上一句“你不应该仅仅因为近期他们帮助过你或你想要一些回报就帮助他们”和Instead“相反”可知, B项“你帮助他们仅仅是因为你关心他们。”符合语境。故选B项。3. 【解析】选C。根据下一句Don’t compare the person’s experience to your own unless you really think it will help. 可知这段的内容是建议如果朋友没有请求, 你就不要随意给出建议。故选C项。
4. 【解析】选E。根据and 之后的内容to show that you appreciate all of the love, rides, food, help, and any other offerings they have given you可知, 空处也应该是你要表达你对他们的爱。故选E项。5. 【解析】选G。根据下文Another way to express gratitude is to thank a person in front of other people. 可知是建议公开表达对他人的感激之情。故选G项。
Passage 6(2020·宁波二模)　　Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying. 　1　However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace position, acting decisively and getting out fast, you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.  
　　Brace yourself for impact (撞击力). As soon as you are aware that you are going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position. 　　Undo your seatbelt. 　2　Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cell phone call. Your car isn’t going to wait for you to make the call.  
　 　3　 Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A car’s electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people don’t think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.  　　Break the window. If you aren’t able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, you’ll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counterintuitive( 有 悖 常 理 的 ) to let water into the car. 　4　 
Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival. 　5　While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what you’re doing.  A. Open the window as soon as you hit the water. B. Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think. C. It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually. D. Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.
E. In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe. F. This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic. G. But the sooner the window is opened, the sooner you can escape directly through it. 【文章大意】本文介绍了开车掉进水中的自救方法。 1. 【解析】选D。根据上一句Any car. . . terrifying. 可知, 下面要讲这样可怕的车辆落水事故会有怎样的危险性结果。故选D项。
2. 【解析】选F。根据本段的小标题可知, 第一件要做的事情就是解开安全带, 故选F项。3. 【解析】选A。结合其他各段小标题为祈使句, 且由下文可知要打开窗户, 故选A项。4. 【解析】选G。根据上一句“这可能有悖常理”可知下面从逻辑上要有一个转折, 故选G项。5. 【解析】选C。结合上一句可知此时车里已经进水了, 所以你自救的时间是有限的, 故选C项。
Passage 7(2020·山东省实验中学模拟) Choosing the right career can be hard. Many people graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives, and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. 　1　 Your working life lasts an average of forty years, so it’s important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about. Luckily, there are many ways you can get help to do this.  
The Australian website, www. careersonline. com, compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. 　2　—find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best; if you’re not a romantic person, you won’t want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. 　3　 Meanwhile, you should find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work, how much you will earn, and how to get a job in that profession.  
So, how do you start? Begin by asking yourself some questions. 　4　 Have you travel overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license, for example? Your physical state and build can also affect which jobs you can do. A person, for example, who is allergic to cats would probably never become a veterinarian. Flight attendants, firefighters, and police officers have to be over a certain height, and be physically fit. 　5　 Are you outgoing and extroverted, or shy and introverted? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you.  
A. Your personality matters, too. B. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets. C. The site suggests you do the same with your careerD. Choosing a career can take time and a lot of thought. E. Some jobs require you to have certain life experiences. F. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. G. When you know you can work in your dream job, you’ll be glad. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。针对现在很多人找不到合适工作的现象, 作者给读者推荐了一些可以在这方面提供帮助的方法。
1. 【解析】选F。上文For some, things work out fine. 与F. But others often find themselves stuck in a job they hate. 承接自然, 上下文构成明显的转折关系, some和others是关键词。2. 【解析】选C。下文find out what jobs are available and what your options are. 与C. The site suggests you do the same with your career承接自然, 下文是对选项内容的解释。3. 【解析】选B。根据本段的结构, 尤其是上文的Before you see a movie和Next, decide which movie you like best可知此处用B. Finally, decide how to get movie tickets. 符合陈述事情的发展顺序。
4. 【解析】选E。下文Have you travel overseas? Do you have any extra certificates besides your degree, such as a first aid license, for example?与 E一些工作要求你有特定的生活经历, 承接自然, 下文提到的内容就是一些工作所要求的特定生活经历或技能。5. 【解析】选A。下文Are you outgoing and extroverted, or shy and introverted? If you like working alone, a job that requires lots of teamwork might not suit you. 与A. Your personality matters, too. 承接自然, 下文提到的outgoing, extroverted, shy 和introverted都是一个人的性格。
【加固训练】Passage 1(2020•潍坊模拟一)BE A GOOD TOURIST Tourism can be both good and bad. Yes, it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals, but it may also bring some problems.
　1　 Tourists have used paint, rocks, or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places. Thousands of tourists sites are being destroyed by tourists who “love them to death”. 　2　 If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.  
Another big problem in some places has been tourists disturbing the local people and life. 　3　 For example, Chiang Mai University in Thailand and Yonsei University in Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies. I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate. 　4　 
The number of problems from tourists is endless: walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by, crossing roads without observing local traffic laws, and many more. The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you are not one!　5　 Remember, whenever you step outside your country’s borders, you are representing your country to the rest of the world.  
A. Just think from other aspects. B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. C. Have fun in a way that does not disturb others. D. Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible. E. I have three words for people like this: please stop it. F. One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace. G. Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。本文叙述中国人旅游过程中经常出现的一些问题, 并针对这些问题提出文明出游的正确做法。1. 【解析】选F。第一段最后提到游客也可能带来一些问题。第二段第一句有必要承上启下讲出第一个问题, 空格后具体提到了游客们在景点写字。因此F项一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方, 符合上下文语境, 并且此句也和第三段的第一句话中的“Another big problem”遥相呼应。
2. 【解析】选E。前文提到因为乱写乱画致使很多景点被破坏, 所以此处是告诫人们“不要这样做”, 紧接着提出具体的建议。因此选项E我对这样的人要说三个字: 请停止, 符合上下文语境。这句也和第三段的“I have three words. . . ”相呼应。3. 【解析】选G。前文提到在一些地方, 另一个大问题是游客扰乱了当地人们的生活。此处应具体解释游客如何扰乱了当地人们的生活。根据后面For example介绍了发生在两所大学的具体事例, 选项G一些游客在未经允许的情况下四处游荡, 给当地人拍照, 符合上下文语境。
4. 【解析】选C。此处是对前面的“be considerate要做到体贴”作具体的解释说明, 因此选项C以不打扰他人的方式享受乐趣, 符合上下文语境。5. 【解析】选D。前句强调确保自己不做“terrible tourist(糟糕的游客)”, 紧接着应该说明如何做一名合格的游客, 并且与后面一句构成因果关系: 因为出国旅游代表的是自己国家的形象, 所以D项要尽可能成为最好、最友善、最有礼貌的游客, 符合上下文语境。
Passage 2(2020·沈阳二模)　　If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 　1　. Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.  
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 　2　Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 　3　If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.  　　　4　Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.  
　 　5　If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.  　　There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. Your diet tends to be healthy. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer to work out in the morning. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4—10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly or you’re doing it now, then listen up!【文章大意】本文列举了早晨锻炼的几个好处。
1. 【解析】选G。结合上一句“很难找到时间锻炼”和下一句“早晨锻炼的好处”可推知中间部分应为“如果你有时间锻炼, 就给你说一下好处”这样的内容, 故选G项。2. 【解析】选E。上一句“锻炼可以使你更清醒”和E选项中的keep your head clear相对应, 故选E项。3. 【解析】选F。结合下一句“可以整天燃烧卡路里”可知F项的内容与其一致, 故选F项。
4. 【解析】选B。此处为本段小标题, 结合下一句“早上锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得好”可知早晨锻炼有助于睡眠, 故选B项。5. 【解析】选A。此处为本段小标题, 结合下一句“早晨锻炼的人更可能饮食健康”可知选A项。
Passage 3(2020·潍坊二模)　　Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits. Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores(家庭杂务), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become. It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. 　1　 
　 Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self. 　2　 It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.  
　　　3　 If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails. It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive. 　4　 Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.  
Additionally, farming teaches patience. 　5　 Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you get too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.  　　There may not be any instant reward, but in the long-term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days. A. At the same time, they learn to work with others. B. Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.
C. Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose. D. Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use. E. There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way. F. However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives. G. Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax. 【文章大意】本文介绍了让孩子们参与农场劳动的很多益处。
1. 【解析】选F。根据上一句“可能未来孩子会从事和农场无关的工作”可推知下面是表示转折的“但是在农场学到的东西会对他们未来的生活有一定的帮助”, 故选F项。2. 【解析】选G。结合上一句主题句“通过照顾农场的动物孩子会学会他人的事情要先于自己的事情”可推知下一句会提到一件具体的事情证明这样的道理, 故选G项。3. 【解析】选B。根据结构可知这是本段的主题句。结合下面的内容“nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive”可知农场生活会教给孩子们懂得劳动的价值, 故选B项。
4. 【解析】选A。结合下一句Functioning as part of a productive team可知他们也会懂得团队合作的道理, 故选A项。5. 【解析】选E。结合主题句“农场劳作让孩子们学会耐心”可知与E项的表达一致。
专题能力提升练
专题能力提升练 十二限时25分钟Passage1(2020·北京模拟)Exam Anxiety　　Has this ever happened to you? You’ve been studying hard for your midterm, but when you walk into your exam, your mind goes blank, your heart races fast, you get sweaty palms and find it hard to breathe. 　1　Everyone feels stressed during exams. Usually, it results from a fear of failure,
lack of adequate preparation time and bad experiences taking tests in the past. This is normal and often helps you work harder, think faster and generally improve your performance. 　2　You may also feel that other people are managing the exam better than you. This can cause you to feel that your mind has “gone blank” on information you know you have revised.  
　　　3　 Some choose to ignore the problem, while others don’t review because they think they will do badly anyway and even miss exams due to the anxiety. It can also be really easy to think that if you don’t try and then you fail, you won’t feel as bad as if you fail after trying really hard.  
　　So what can you do to fight against the negative mindset and stay calm before and during your test?　4　 Yes, this seems obvious, but it’s worth repeating. If you feel confident that you’ve prepared thoroughly, you’ll feel more confident walking into the test. The second tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize your anxiety. 　5　 You can always go back and change things later if needed, but a few quick answers can get the ball rolling. Besides, allocating(分配) your time is equally important. Look through the whole test before getting started. Mentally allocate how much time you’ll spend on each section. If there’s time to recheck, even better.  
A. The first thing you should do is to be prepared. B. People often deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways. C. If these classic signs of exam anxiety sound familiar, you’re not alone!D. Therefore, people need an appropriate amount of pressure to help deal with exams. E. Realizing time is almost up and that there’s still a lot of blank space will make you desperate. F. However, if you are overly anxious about the result, you may be unable to focus on your work.
G. After you get the paper, dive right in by getting some questions done to build up your confidence. 【文章大意】文章主要说明了一些应对考试焦虑的正确方法。
1. 【解析】选C。根据上文列举的“大脑一片空白, 心跳加速, 手心出汗, 呼吸困难”等典型的考试焦虑症状可知, C选项“如果这些考试焦虑的经典症状听起来很熟悉, 那么你并不孤单。”符合语境。故选C项。2. 【解析】选F。根据上文说到一般的焦虑会促进你的表现, 下文则是不好的表现, 可推知中间为表示转折的过渡句, F选项“如果你对结果过于焦虑, 你可能无法集中精力学习”符合上下文语境。”故选F项。
3. 【解析】选B。根据下文Some choose to ignore the problem, while others don’t review可知有些人处理考试焦虑的方式比较消极, 故本段主题句选B项。4. 【解析】选A。根据下文If you feel confident that you’ve prepared thoroughly, you’ll feel more confident walking into the test. 可知是强调要为考试做准备, 故选A项。5. 【解析】选G。根据上文The second tip is simple: just start. 考试开始, 以及“空白的卷子会放大你的焦虑”可知拿到试卷后, 马上着手做一些问题来建立你的信心。故选G项。
Passage 2(2020·漳州模拟)Rising through stages to realize ourselves　　Many modern people have the problem that they don’t know who they are and what their purpose is. 　1　. Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity. They once studied hard. But after they stop working, they begin to lose their way.  
　　In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs(需求层次理论), Abraham Maslo, put forward a similar situation, which consists of the five levels of a person’s need. The fifth and final level is self-realization, which is where our final achievement lies. 　2　.  　　I think self-realization has three major aspects. The first stage is acceptance, the second stage is discovery and the last stage is perseverance. 　　Acceptance is the first stage. We should be reminded that we are all born unique, so we all have our own strengths and weaknesses. Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or change them. 　3　.  
　　Once we’ve accepted ourselves, we can discover what we are interested in and what we want to be. 　4　, but indeed we should live for ourselves. So before we start working towards a purpose, we should ask ourselves “Is this what we truly desire?” and “Is this going to change the situation we’re in?” 　　The last stage is perseverance. 　5　. Those who can self-realize are people who focus on the things they want to change.  　　Through the three stages, we could gain recognition of ourselves. And by this point, whatever our lives were like, we would be able to stand tall, confident of ourselves.
A. It’s nothing to a man of perseveranceB. Only by acceptance of the past can we change itC. This is especially common among college studentsD. Many people tend to go along with social expectationsE. Being objective and yet tolerant is the key to acceptanceF. It is the process of knowing ourselves and finding a purposeG. Exploring our potential isn’t going to be done in a short time【文章大意】本文介绍了自我实现的三个主要方面。
1. 【解析】选C。根据下一句Once high school seniors graduate, they seem to lose their identity. 可知, 这种情况在大学生中很常见, 下文是对本句的具体阐述, 故选C项。2. 【解析】选F。根据前一句可知“自我实现, 这就是我们最终的成就所在”, “这是一个了解我们自己, 寻找目标的过程”是对上一句的具体阐述, 故选F项。3. 【解析】选E。根据前一句Only when we understand these, can we pursue them or change them. 可知客观和包容是接受的关键, 故选E项。
4. 【解析】选D。根据but后 indeed we should live for ourselves可知, 我们应该为自己而活, 可推知but之前说的是有些人并没有做到为自己而活, 而是倾向于顺应社会期望, 故选D。5. 【解析】选G。根据主题句可知自我实现的最后一个阶段就是坚持, G选项中探索自己的潜能不是短时间就能完成的, 强调坚持的重要性, 故选G项。
【题后反思】长难句分析(Passage 2)　　In the theory of the Hierarchy of Needs(需求层次理论), Abraham Maslo, put forward a similar situation, which consists of the five levels of a person’s need. 分析: 主语Abraham Maslo, 谓语put forward, 宾语a similar situation, which引导定语从句修饰先行词a similar situation。
【规律方法】　　七选五题型看似简单, 实际上有时完全做对并不容易, 需要方法和分析能力及足够的耐力。这种题一般可从以下几个方面来做: (1)首先看首段, 跳过空格快速通读全篇, 了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在, 首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。(2)其次快速浏览一遍七个备选答案, 先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。(3)最后精读空格前后两句, 利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。
专题能力提升练 十三限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·张家口模拟) I just counted how many foreign languages I’ve studied so far in my life and it’s been twelve!
　　I always follow my interests and find ways to put my language learning into things I’m already interested in. I like to read blogs(博客)in other languages. 　1　. For the most part, bloggers tend to write the same way they speak, so I don’t have to worry much about adopting strange terms that are only used in writing.  
　　Movies are also a really good tool, especially if you can find subtitles in the language you’re learning. 　2　, they will still keep your brain listening and reading in the same language. Music is another way to start listening to things in your new language. Personally, I’m so bad at understanding lyrics(歌词)even in English, so this one doesn’t really work for me, but I have friends who learn a language through lyrics. Games are of course also an excellent way of studying a new language. A lot of language learning computer programs include games. I’m super competitive and if I play any of them, I can be hooked for hours. 　3　.  
　　When the initial excitement of learning a new language begins to fade, it can be hard to stick with it. The hardest bit for me is when I’m comfortable enough with a language to understand most things and make myself understood. I’m actually stuck at this stage in Norwegian. 　4　. Ideally I should sign up to take a big language exam. Each time I start getting self-satisfied, it’s time to take a new course or sign up for online lessons, or take up some sort of challenge that will require me to level up my skills.  
　　　5　. The best language class I’ve ever taken was my beginner’s Russian course at university where my professor never used any English. It got to the point where I would kind of just forget about English while in Russian class, which helped me to really immerse myself in the Russian language and do a whole lot with the limited Russian I had.  A. That’s really uncomfortableB. Whatever languages they’re translated intoC. I also try to think in the language I’m learning
D. It’s time well spent if I’m learning the language E. Computer games always make me feel worn outF. Though they don’t always exactly match what’s being said G. I found them the perfect learning tool because they’re usually written in oral language【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者学习12门外语的方法以及他的感受。
1. 【解析】选G。根据前文“I like to read blogs in other languages”可知此处应解释原因, “我发现它们是完美的学习工具, 因为它们通常是用口语化的语言写的”。故选G项。2. 【解析】选F。根据前文可知电影也是一个很好的工具, 再结合下文“它们会一直让你的大脑听读这种语言”可知, 此处应填“用电影学语言的缺陷”。故选F项。
3. 【解析】选D。根据前文“I’m super competitive and if I play any of them, I can be hooked for hours. ”和“Games are of course also an excellent way of studying a new language. ”可知, “如果我在学语言, 花费的时间是很值得的。”故选D项。4. 【解析】选A。根据前文“I’m actually stuck at this stage in Norwegian”和后面的“Ideally”可知此处的状态是令人不满意的, 故选A项。5. 【解析】选C。根据下文“where my professor never used any English. ”和“It got to the point where I would kind of just forget about English while in Russian class”可知, 作者用正在学习的语言来思考, 故选C项。
Passage 2(2020·山师大附中高三月考) Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship. 　1　 Here are some rules you should follow to make sure your next trip with friends goes as smoothly as possible.  
·　2　 Sure, you and your friends probably have some similar interests, but that’s not always the case. In an effort to keep everyone happy, go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time. Have each person categorize activities or sights into “must-see”“want to see”and “would go if we have time”. Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top attractions.  
·Communicate and respect each other. Everyone has personal preferences when travelling—from getting the bed closest to the bathroom or sitting in the airplane’s window seat. But sometimes things don’t go as you like. In this case, share your requirements directly with your travel companions. 　3　 Have a conversation when problems arise, for communication is the key.  
·Don’t disappear. When travelling with a group—or even just one other person—you may want some alone time. That’s completely fine, but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you. 　4　  ·Get off your phone. Of course, your friends will understand if you need to take a call from a family member, or in the event of a work emergency, but other than that, try to stay off your phone. 　5　 After all, the appeal of this type of trip is to spend time with friends. Just enjoy it! 
A. Give each other some space. B. Include at least one activity for everyone. C. And remember that consideration and respect go a long way. D. At the same time, listen to their concerns and be respectful of them. E. Don’t respond to non-urgent work contact or send messages frequently. F. It’s especially true of travelling in foreign countries or unfamiliar places. G. So it’s important to make sure you and your friend(s)are on the same page.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述了和朋友快乐出游避免毁掉友谊的几条建议。1. 【解析】选G。根据空格前Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship. 得知和朋友旅游可以让这段经历留下一生的回忆也可能会毁掉你和朋友的友情, 下一句承上启下, 所以一定要和朋友达成共识。2. 【解析】选B。根据下文In an effort to keep everyone happy, go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time. 得知这一段讲到为了让大家开心 , 提前翻阅一下旅行计划和期望。所以建议一定要至少包括一个大家都能玩的活动。
3. 【解析】选D。本段建议要和出游同伴彼此沟通, 互相尊重, 根据空格前In this case, share your requirements directly with your travel companions. 得知分享你的需求, 同时也要倾听对方的心声。上文respect 和D项中be respectful of是同义词。4. 【解析】选F。根据空格前but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you得知偶尔独自出门转转是可以的, 为了安全, 一定要确保朋友知道你在哪里。尤其是在国外或不熟悉的地方。5. 【解析】选E。根据空格前try to stay off your phone尽量远离手机, 得知下面是具体做法, 不要回复不紧急的工作和总是发送信息。
【题后反思】词汇积累(Passage 1)1. subtitle　　　n. 字幕2. level up 将……向上拉; 提高3. immerse v. 使陷入, 沉浸
专题能力提升练 十四限时25分钟Passage 1(2020•潍坊一中模拟) Here’s an imaginary question for you: would you rather leave your home country and never be allowed to return, or never leave your home country ever again?
It’s a difficult one! Let’s consider the beauty of being at home and the thrill of travelling. I left my home country, Germany, when I was seven to move to England with my family. Now at the age of 21, I’ve left my second home country, England, to work as an English language assistant in Switzerland. 　1　 
·New friends I don’t know about you, but I love getting to know new people. Moving abroad is the perfect opportunity to extend your friendship circle and make it global. 　2　 They’ll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own!Time to open your mind and see the world.  
·　3　 　　You may learn a language in the classroom environment and learn it well, but nothing compares to fully burying yourself into a foreign language, participating in real-life conversations and picking up authentic slang and sayings from the locals. 　4　 
·Food, glorious food! The world has so much to offer when it comes to food, so make the most of this new cultural experience and let your stomach guide you. Why not try something completely new?Tingle those taste buds. 　5　 Perhaps you can surprise your friends back home you’re your new-found cooking skills when you see them next.  
A. The opportunity to master a new language. B. The advantage of mastering a new language. C. Is it always an exciting experience moving abroad?D. Even better still, let the locals teach you how to make it. E. You also fully experience the culture tied to the language. F. These new friends will show you the most fun things to do in your new home. G. What are the benefits of leaving the home country for a new adventure abroad?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍离家去国外旅行的益处: 可以交新朋友; 学习新的语言; 学习制作美味的食物。1. 【解析】选G。空格下文的小标题讲述了去国外旅行的益处, 空格处承上启下, 故G项“离开祖国去国外进行新的冒险有什么好处?”切题。2. 【解析】选F。根据下文“They’ll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own!”可知, 讲述的是交新朋友的益处。F项“这些新朋友会告诉你在你的新家里可以做的最有趣的事情。”符合语境。
3. 【解析】选A。空格处是段落标题。根据下文可知, 你可以在课堂环境中学习一门语言, 并学好它, 但没有什么可以与完全埋头于一门外语, 参与现实生活中的对话, 从当地人那里学到真正的俚语和俗语相比。因此推断此处说的是在国外身临其境学习一门新语言的益处, A项“掌握一门新语言的机会”符合语境。4. 【解析】选E。上文你可以在课堂环境中学习一门语言, 并学好它, 但没有什么可以与完全埋头于一门外语, 参与现实生活中的对话, 从当地人那里学到真正的俚语和俗语相比。与语言相关的选项中, E项“你也充分体验了与语言相关的文化。” 符合语境。
5. 【解析】选D。段落标题说明在新文化中可以品尝美味的食物, 结合下文“Perhaps you can surprise your friends back home you’re your new-found cooking skills when you see them next. ”可推知D项“更好的是, 让当地人教你如何制作它(食物)。”符合语境。
Passage 2(2020·威海模拟)No-friend eating trend　　When you eat lunch in a restaurant, you might see many people eating by themselves, watching videos on their phones. 　1　 Do you worry they’re lonely? 　　You probably didn’t even notice because you were looking at your own phone. The New York Post says that eating alone with electronic devices is a growing trend among young people around the world.
　　According to a new survey conducted by One Poll on behalf of the US-based Highbush Blueberry Council, the average adult eats six meals alone each week and 387 meals each year. 　2　 Maybe not.  　　“The way we define ‘togetherness’ and what it means to be connected seems to be evolving as technology evolves. Keeping our relationships strong doesn’t always require being together physically, ” wrote the report. 　　Nowadays, many young people spend more time studying and working in competitive environments. 　3　 Instead, it’s natural to communicate with others through text, email and social media.  
　　Daniela Galarza, from the US, is one of these young people. She told the New York Post that she spent nearly 10 hours on her work every day. She said, “Engaging with my friends and families on social media platforms for about half an hour every day always helps me feel more connected with them. 　4　”. “Today, togetherness is more of a feeling than a physical state, and people get creative to stay connected, ” a spokesperson for The Highbush Blueberry Council told the New York Post, “　5　” 
A. I’m not lonely any more. B. Do you feel pity for them?C. Being together all the time is great. D. Does it mean there are a lot of lonely people?E. They enjoy eating alone with electronic devices. F. They have less time to gather and eat with their friends or families. G. The joy of being together ---however you manage it---- never changes.
【文章大意】在电子产品日益普遍的情况下, 年轻人面对面的交流越来越少, 他们孤独吗?他们如何进行交流呢?1. 【解析】选B。根据上文“在饭店里许多人独自在吃饭”和下文的问句“你担心他们孤独吗”可知, 此处也是对前面情况的一种反问, 故选B项。2. 【解析】选D。前文说明了独自吃饭的人很多, 结合后面的回答Maybe not. 可推知前面是一个问句, 故选D项。3. 【解析】选F。结合上一句可知许多年轻人花费更多的时间学习和工作, 可推知他们和朋友家人待在一起的时间更少了, 故选F项。
4. 【解析】选A。结合上一句每天在社交媒体上和朋友家人交流使她感觉和他们在一起, 故不会感到孤独, 选A项。5. 【解析】选G。结合上文people get creative to stay connected可知, 无论交往的方式怎么变, 和朋友家人相处的快乐不会变, 故选G项。【题后反思】词汇积累(Passage 2)1. togetherness　　　n. (尤指家庭或朋友的)和睦相处, 亲密无间2. engage v. 从事; 聘用; 吸引; 使订婚
专题能力提升练 十五限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·咸阳模拟)How Can I Fight Laziness? Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
　1　Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.  
　　Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 　2　Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations(诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness.  
　　　3　Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.  　　Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 　4　Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated(积极的)people.  
　　　5　Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.  A. Knowing how to fight laziness is important. B. To fight family laziness, set an example. C. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. D. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
E. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. F. Laziness appears when you no longer feel in charge of your own mind. G. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. 【文章大意】懒惰的人不可能做成什么事情, 但是思维的一些变化可以让你消灭懒惰。
1. 【解析】选D。根据下文Many people lack sleep constantly可知, 对抗懒惰的一个方法是有足够的睡眠, 故选D。2. 【解析】选G。根据上文Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 可知, “有了强大的决心, 你可以达到目标”, 故答案是G。3. 【解析】选E。根据下文Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film. 可知, 本段主要说要创造奖励机制, 故选E项。
4. 【解析】选B。根据下文Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example可知, 为了消除家庭的懒惰, 可以树立一个榜样。故选B项。5. 【解析】选C。根据下文Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle可知, 定期锻炼可以让你消灭懒惰, 故选C项。
Passage 2(2020·南山模拟)　　Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 　1　 
　　Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property neat, clean, and in good repair. 　2　 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.  　　Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 　3　 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.  
　　　4　 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.  　　　5　 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.  
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
【文章大意】文章介绍了如何成为一个好的邻居。1. 【解析】选G。结合文章的最后一句By following the basic rules of respecting others. . . you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates. 可知, 前面有总述的句子来介绍成为好邻居的建议。故选G。2. 【解析】选F。根据上一句“作为一个好邻居需要把房子收拾整洁”可知下文会解释为什么这么做, 故F项符合语境。
3. 【解析】选E。根据上一句When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 可知, 带垃圾袋的目的是捡拾垃圾, E项中waste paper与之对应, 故选E项。4. 【解析】选B。结合下文都是在帮邻居做一些小事情可知本段的主题句应为“帮助邻居”, 故选B。5. 【解析】选C。结合下一句中的By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general可知这些行为都是“体贴他人的行为”, 故与C项中的considerate behavior相对应, 故选C项。
【题后反思】长难句分析(Passage 1)　　Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 分析: viewing. . . 在句中作伴随状语, view. . . as. . . 把……看作。they must overcome alone是定语从句, 修饰a challenge。
【点睛】根据文章展开的结构形式解题是解答阅读填句题型的重要方法。阅读填句题型, 多数短文的结构都是按照总分的结构展开的, 而短文习惯于在总说段落设空, 以此引出下文的小标题。所以在选择设空处的选项时, 应该选择能够总领下文的句子。
专题能力提升练 十六限时25分钟Passage 1 In the middle of the Pacific Ocean lies the tiny island nation of Tuvalu, the fourth smallest country in the world. This group of four islands and five atolls (islands made from coral) is famous for its sandy beaches and turquoise (蓝绿色的) waters and has long been a popular tourist destination for nearby New Zealanders. However, the nation of Tuvalu is at risk of soon no longer existing; not because of war or political change, but because it will be covered by the rising ocean.
Tuvalu is experiencing the harmful effects of global warming. As global temperatures rise, so does the ocean temperature. Due to the scientific law of “thermal expansion, ” when water heats it get bigger. 　1　 Most experts claim that the effects of climate change will make Tuvalu uninhabitable within the next 50 years. Problems are already emerging. As sea levels rise, ocean water containing high levels of salt is travelling further and further inland destroying the little amount of soil Tuvaluans have to grow crops.  
Even before Tuvaluans began to suffer from the effects of climate change, life on Tuvalu was tough. 　2　 Most of the land on an atoll is rock-hard arid any soil that exists on it is usually thin and poor for growing crops. The nation has always had to import food apart from fish.  
More serious than Tuvalu’s lack of home-grown food has been its lack of drinking water. 　3　 Therefore, Tuvaluans depend almost entirely on rainwater for their water needs. Unfortunately, due to a geographical phenomenon known as La Nina, Tuvalu often suffers from long periods of drought. In autumn 2010, after seven months of no rain, the Prime Minister had to declare a state of emergency riot only because of a lack of drinking water, but also because the water left was polluted with cholera (霍乱). 　4　 
Tuvalu’s problems have led some of its 11, 000 inhabitants to consider migrating to Australia or New Zealand. 　5　 They know they’ll have to someday, but for as long as possible, they want to remain and make the world aware of what is happening to their homeland due to climate change.  
A. This is largely due to the geological makeup of atolls. B. And as a member of the United Nations, they are doing just that. C. Therefore, sea levels are rising and for low-lying Tuvalu, this spells disaster. D. However, they ate not willing to abandon the land of their forefathers so easily. E. Tuvalu’s representatives demanded that nations should take a more responsible rote in reducing gas emissions.
F. It was a desperate situation and, but for emergency shipments from New Zealand and Australia, many Tuvaluans would have died. G. Unlike normal islands, atolls have no rivers or streams, which means that most of Tuvalu has no groundwater to use for drinking. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化的影响将使太平洋中部的小国图瓦卢在未来50年内无法居住, 图瓦卢还缺乏本土食物和饮用水, 这些原因导致一部分国民考虑移居澳大利亚或新西兰, 然而, 他们不愿意如此轻易地放弃祖先的土地。
1. 【解析】选C。空前说图瓦卢正在经历全球变暖的有害影响, 随着全球气温升高, 海洋温度也随之升高, 根据“热膨胀”的科学定律, 当海水变热时, 海平面会变大, 此处承接上文, 讲的是这对图瓦卢造成危害, 故C项(因此, 海平面正在上升, 对于地势低洼的图瓦卢来说, 这意味着灾难)符合语境。2. 【解析】选A。空后说环礁上的大部分土地都是坚硬的岩石, 上面的土壤通常都是稀薄的, 不利于作物生长, 因此此处讲的还是环礁地质这一话题, 故A项(这主要是由于环礁的地质组成)符合语境。
3. 【解析】选G。空前说在图瓦卢, 比缺乏本土食物更严重的是缺乏饮用水, 此处承接上文, 讲的还是关于饮用水这一话题, G项(与普通岛屿不同, 环礁没有河流或溪流, 这意味着图瓦卢大部分地区没有地下水可供饮用)符合语境。4. 【解析】选F。空前说在经历了7个月的干旱之后, 首相不得不宣布进入紧急骚乱状态, 这不仅是因为缺乏饮用水, 还因为剩下的水被霍乱污染了, 这是一种极其糟糕的局面, 此处说的是这种局面造成的影响, F项(这是一个绝望的情况, 如果没有来自新西兰和澳大利亚的紧急运输, 许多图瓦卢人将会死掉)符合语境。
5. 【解析】选D。空前说图瓦卢的问题导致其1. 1万居民中的一些人考虑移居澳大利亚或新西兰, 此处承接这一话题并与上文形成转折, 说的是他们不愿意离开自己的家园, 故D项(然而, 他们不愿意如此轻易地放弃祖先的土地)符合语境。
Passage 2(2020·济南模拟) We’ve all heard the phrase, “Work smarter, not harder. ” When it comes to studying, there are some very specific ways you can improve your effectiveness without adding loads of extra work.
Create a game plan. Before you begin your study session, create a game plan for exactly how you will study. Consider what you will study, how long you’ll spend on each subject and what study methods you will use. 　1　 Take at least 10 minutes before your study session to map out your game plan.  
Outline your notes. Taking the time to boil your notes down to a standard outline can help you grasp the overall concepts you’re studying. You certainly can borrow or copy someone else’s notes, but you must work hard to put everything in your own words. 　2　 Many times, understanding the big picture is just as important as remembering all the individual facts. Outlining allows you to file individual facts under larger ideas.  
Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in school but it’s crucial for success. 　3　 Seek to carry out a balanced life. Make sure to maintain a social life and develop hobbies outside of school. Stay in touch with your family and keep them informed of your school progress. It’s certainly a challenge, but living in balance will keep you on the path to success.  
　4　 If you want to do well in school, you simply have to do it. But there are specific ways to study better. To make the most of your limited time. 　5　 By following the methods above, you can raise the quality of your studying sessions without necessarily increasing the quantity.  A. To keep from spinning your wheels. B. There’s no way to get around studying. C. Write out your notes by hand during class. D. If you don’t, you’ll fail to understand the larger concept.
E. This allows you to study the right materials at the right time. F. The last thing you want to do is bury yourself in a mountain of books. G. Don’t spend all your time studying or all your time hanging with friends.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高学习效率的一些具体的方法。1. 【解析】选E。根据上文可知制订一个游戏计划。在你开始学习之前, 为你将如何学习制订一个游戏计划。考虑一下你要学什么, 每门课要花多长时间, 以及你要用什么学习方法。由此可知, 上文提出方法, 本句说明这个方法的作用在于可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料。故E选项“这可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料”符合语境。
2. 【解析】选D。根据上文You certainly can borrow or copy someone else’s notes, but you must work hard to put everything in your own words. 以及后文Many times, understanding the big picture is just as important as remembering all the individual facts. 可知, 上文提到用自己的话表达是为了更好地理解概念, 如果不这样做, 就无法理解更大的概念。故D选项“如果你不这样做, 你就无法理解更大的概念”符合语境。
3. 【解析】选G。根据上文Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in school but it’s crucial for success. 可知, 本句承接上文具体说明, 要保持平衡意味着不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上, 或者花在和朋友玩上。故G选项“不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上, 或者花在和朋友玩上”符合语境。
4. 【解析】选B。根据后文If you want to do well in school, you simply have to do it. 可知, 要想在学校取得好成绩, 那么努力学习是无法逃避的, 你必须学习。故B选项“学习是没有办法逃避的”符合语境。5. 【解析】选A。根据上文To make the most of your limited time. 可知, 本句承接上文说明, 充分利用有限的时间意味着不要磨洋工, 本句与上文为并列关系。故A选项“不要磨洋工”符合语境。