2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型一提示类填空第1讲动词的时态和语态与主谓一致课件20210223155

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型一提示类填空第1讲动词的时态和语态与主谓一致课件20210223155，共53页。PPT课件主要包含了技法探究·素养提升，have made，was needed，are， causes，新题精练·素养应用，expressed，broke，received，delivers等内容，欢迎下载使用。

动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大, 一般4个; 以考查动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词为主。 若句中没有别的谓语动词, 或者虽然已有谓语动词, 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓语动词, 则需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致, 有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
【技法1】提示词为动词时, 确定时态的四根据
1. 【解析】frmed。考查时态。根据句意“Sir Hans Slane 收藏的8万件物品形成了大英博物馆的核心馆藏”和定语从句中的时间状语in 1759可知要用一般过去时。2. 【解析】pinted。考查时态。and连接两个谓语动词, 空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致, 应用一般过去时。3. 【解析】meant。考查时态。根据that引导的宾语从句中的时态可知此处用一般过去时。4. 【解析】was driving。根据固定句型: was/were ding sth. + when. . . , 可知, 应用过去进行时。
【技法点金】1. 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)一般现在时: 看到every time, nw and then, ften, smetimes, usually, ccasinally, always, seldm等时间状语, 要想到用一般现在时。(2)一般过去时: 看到yesterday, last year, in 2015, the ther day, tw days ag, 一段时间+later 等时间状语, 要想到用一般过去时。
(3)一般将来时: 看到tmrrw, next year, in a week, in the future, right away, sn, tnight等时间状语, 要想到用一般将来时。(4)现在进行时: 看到all the time, at this mment, at present, always, cntinually, cnstantly等时间状语, 要想到用现在进行时。
(5)现在完成时: 看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past few days, s far, up t nw, till nw, fr+时间段, it is the first time. . . 等标志词, 要想到用现在完成时。(6)过去完成时: 看到by then, by the end f. . . , by that time, it was the first time. . . 等标志词, 要想到用过去完成时。
2. 牢记常见固定句式中的时态(1)was/were ding. . . when+一般过去时(2)was / were abut t d. . . when+一般过去时(3)had (just) dne. . . when+一般过去时(4)Hardly +had +主语+dne. . . when+一般过去时(5)N sner +had+主语+dne. . . than+一般过去时(6)This/That/It is the +序数词+time +that+现在完成时(7)This/That/It was the +序数词+time +that+过去完成时(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时
【易错警示】忽略时间状语, 相近时态混用①China ________(spend) a lt f mney n such research in the recent years.  ②(变式) China ________(spend) a lt f mney n such research in the past.  答案: ①has spent　②spent【剖析】　　题①中的时间状语in the recent years是与现在有关的时间状语, 说明spend动作与现在有关, 应用现在完成时, 应填has spent。 题②中的in the past指的是过去的时间, 谓语动词应用一般过去时, 应填spent。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)By abut 6000 BC, peple _____________(discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.  (2019•全国卷Ⅱ)I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________(make)ver the years.  
had discvered
【技法2】提示词为动词时, 明确逻辑关系定语态
1. 【解析】are called。考查被动语态。结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文的时态可知主语the parts和谓语动词call之间为被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。2. 【解析】washes。考查时态和语态。wash说明的是主语的特点, 且是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的主动语态; 主语是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
【技法点金】1. 牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成
2. 切记不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态breathe, happen, exist, remain, rise, taste, survive, belng t, break ut, break dwn, cme up, cme true, take place, date frm / back t, cnsist f等。【易错警示】注意英汉区别, 正确选用语态①The bks which were written by Zhu Meisen, a famus writer in Jiangsu, ______(sell) well.  ②(变式) The bks which were written by Zhu Meisen, a famus writer in Jiangsu, ______(sell) ut here.  
答案: ①sell　②have been sld【剖析】　　题①中的sell表示的是主语bks的某种属性, 意为 “卖得好, 畅销”, 表示状态, 应用主动语态, 填sell; 题②中的sell强调动作, 指的是书“已经卖完了”, 应用现在完成时的被动语态, 填have been sld。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)And, as mre children were brn, mre fd __________(need).  2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we ___________(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, listening t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.  
were invited
【技法3】提示词为动词时, 确定主谓一致的三原则
1. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子主语中心词为a small part, 结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单数形式。2. 【解析】enjys。分析句子结构可知, enjy在句中作谓语, 主语是nt nly the students but als the teacher, 根据就近一致原则, enjy应与the teacher形式保持一致, 因此用第三人称单数形式。 3. 【解析】has given。考查主谓一致和时态。根据in the last three mnths可知, 应用现在完成时; 主语为the musician, 为第三人称单数形式, alng with his band members是附加成分, 谓语动词应用现在完成时的第三人称单数形式。
【技法点金】一、明晰主谓一致三原则中的常考点1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数; 可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。2. 就近一致原则由neither. . . nr. . . , either. . . r. . . , nt nly. . . but als. . . , nt. . . but. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。
3. 就远原则主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than, including, in additin t等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。4. 集体名词看作整体时, 谓语用单数形式; 看作个体时, 谓语用复数形式。5. 非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语一般用单数形式。
二、掌握常考的三种特殊情况1. “many a/mre than ne+单数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 表示复数意义。2. “half/mst/the rest/the remaining/ne third f +名词”作主语时, 若这个结构中的名词为复数, 则谓语用复数形式; 若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词, 则谓语用单数形式。 3. all, the remaining, the rest, what, wh, sme, mst等作主语时, 谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。
【易错警示】分析句子结构, 避免误判主语①It is reprted that three ways t grw mre trees in the desert ________(be) very effective.  ②It is reprted that finding ways t grw mre trees in the desert ________(be) his life gal.  答案: ①are　②is
【剖析】　　题①中的主语是three ways, 主语是复数, 谓语动词应用复数, 应填are; 题②中主语是finding ways t grw mre trees in the desert是动名词作主语, 谓语动词应用单数, 应填is。
【过关检测】1. (2019•全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___(be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data. 2. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it __ (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming. 3. (2020·金华模拟)Sudden slwing______(cause)traffic t slw dwn. Other cars have t brake.
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·厦门一模)Even Su Shi, the famus pet f the Sng Dynasty, _________(express) his admiratin fr Han Gan. 2. (2020·驻马店模拟)In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further develped in different ways and “fall” was the cmmn wrd fr “autumn” in the US, while “autumn” ____________(regard) as the wrd fr “fall” in England.  3. (2020·齐齐哈尔二模)In 2003, SARS ______ (break) ut in Guangdng.
was regarded
4. (2020·大连一模)Recently, researchers have published a study n hw peple gave and ________(receive) letters f thanks.  5. (2020·青岛一模)Besides the significance f cmpsing cmpletely fr a Chinese pera, the pera _______ (deliver)smething mre, that is, lve and peace. 6. When a persn hears the name f dragn, China _________(cme) t his r her mind.  7. He ________(be) an emergency rm dctr since July 2005, and nw he serves as the attending dctr in the emergency department.  
8. Girl, Wash Yur Face is ne f thse bks that read like yu ___________(hang) ut with yur best friend right at the mment.  
are hanging
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 Cars culd sn be cmmunicating with each ther 1. _____(use) 5G t makedrivers aware f up cming hazards, scientists claim.
Several car manufacturers are already integrating 5G int their vehicles, 2. _________ (include) as a tl t help usher in the generatin f self-driving vehicles. Experts at Glasgw Calednian University (GCU) believe the high-speed cnnectin 3. ___________ (imprve)the reliability and capability f autmated vehicles t the pint where they will be safer than the manual cars 4. ___________ (drive) tday.   Dr Dimitris Liarkapis, a member f the research grup, 5. ____ (say): “T have a better idea f what the future will lk like, think f 6. ______ (have)Tesla-like cars that nt nly use sensrs 7. ______(scan) what’s arund
will imprve
being driven
them, they can als talk t each ther and exchange safety-related infrmatin abut their surrundings ver an area that 8. ______ (cver) several square miles. ”  With the help f 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that alerts drivers 9. __ (be) feasible within the next few years. Cars that are clse enugh t the danger area 10. ___________(transmit) warning messages t ther cars arund them using shrt-range cmmunicatin technlgies, but als t cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.  
will transmit
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·遂宁二模) The 2019-nCV(新型冠状病毒)utbreak frced Belgian pianist Jean-Francis Maljean wh had planned t g t China in February 1. __________(pstpne) the trip. The musician decided t write a sng 2. __________(immediate) after discussing the idea with his Chinese business partner, He Liu.   “I have been playing cncerts arund China fr almst 20 years. I have s many friends in Wuhan. I want t shw my 3. _________(cnsider) t thse pepleaffected by the virus and thse wh are fighting in the hspitals in the face
4. __________ the disaster, especially the dctrs and nurses wh are prtecting thers but thinking little abut 5. _________ (they), ”says 67-year-ld Maljean.   It 6. __________(take) the musician abut three days t finish the sng Chime f The Dawn Bells, 7. _________has becme ppular nline since Feb 10. He Liu invited 15 lcal peple frm all walks f life in China t sing the Chinese versin f thesng. Maljean’s daughter, Nemie Maljean, an 8. __________(excellence) singer, perfrmed the lead vcal(主唱).   Maljean put Chinese landmark buildings and famus scenery int9. _________ music. “I hpe that my music can cmfrt the peple suffering in
China. I’m always deeply mved by the great sacrifice 10. __________(make) by the peple f China, ” says the pianist.  
【文章大意】比利时钢琴家Jean-Francis Maljean由于疫情不得不推迟他的行程。感动于中国的全力抗疫, 他写了一首歌曲叫《黎明的钟声》, 以表达他对抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国人民的关心。1. 【解析】t pstpne。考查非谓语动词。frce sb. t d sth. 是固定搭配。2. 【解析】immediately。考查词性转换。修饰动词write应用副词。3. 【解析】cnsideratin。考查词性转换。作shw的宾语, 且由形容词性物主代词my修饰, 应用名词。4. 【解析】f。考查介词。in the face f面对……是固定搭配。5. 【解析】themselves。考查词性转换。作介词abut的宾语, 且与主语指代相同, 应用反身代词。
6. 【解析】tk。考查时态。表示过去的动作, 应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且先行词指物, 应用which引导。8. 【解析】excellent。考查词性转换。修饰名词singer应用形容词。9. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指上文中提到的音乐, 应用定冠词the。10. 【解析】made。考查非谓语动词。根据句意“中国人民所做出的牺牲”可知, make和逻辑主语sacrifice之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。
Passage 2 (2020·淄博一模)Rainbw-clured rubbish This is the clurful waste 1. __________(create)by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden, Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling recrd. It met the EU’s 2020 target f recycling 50% f waste many years ag.   But almst everyne wh lives here fllws a strict recycling plicy at hme. Peple 2. __________(expect)t srt their husehld waste int seven separate3. __________(categry), including fd, textiles, cartns and metal. But
4. __________ really makes the system stand ut is the bright clur cde. The bags arrive all mixed up because they’re cllected 5. __________(frequent). But thanks t thse bright clurs, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The fd waste in green bags 6. __________(be)prcessed n site int pieces t make bigas, 7. __________ pwers the city’s buses. One f the benefits f this methd f recycling is that there is less crss-cntaminatin (交叉污染), s 8. __________(much)f the recycled waste can actually be used t make newthings.  
As cuntries arund the wrld try t imprve their recycling rates, sme may lk t Eskilstuna as 9. __________ example t fllw—as lng as they think they can persuade their citizens t get busy 10. __________(srt)at hme.  
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了瑞典的彩色垃圾回收。1. 【解析】created。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知create在句中作非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语waste构成被动关系, 应用过去分词。2. 【解析】are expected。考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, expect在句中作谓语, 与主语之间是被动关系, 且时态为一般现在时, 主语为集合名词peple, 应用一般现在时的被动语态的复数形式。3. 【解析】categries。考查名词单复数。categry为可数名词, 前有seven修饰, 应用可数名词复数。4. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。此处为主语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 指代事物, 应用what引导。
5. 【解析】frequently。考查词性转换。修饰动词cllected应用副词。 6. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。本句主语The fd waste为第三人称单数, 时态为一般现在时, be动词应用第三人称单数is。7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子, 且从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which。8. 【解析】mre。考查比较级。根据句中的less crss-cntaminatin可知, 应用形容词比较级。9. 【解析】an。考查冠词。 example为可数名词, 此处表示泛指应用不定冠词, 且example为元音音素开头的单词, 应用an。10. 【解析】srting。考查非谓语动词。短语get busy ding sth. 表示“开始忙于做某事”。
Passage 3 (2020·永州模拟) Nwadays, nine in ten children are nw at schl. Hwever, the figure is nt as 1. __________ (impress) as it sunds. Even if mst f the wrld’s children g t schl, 2. __________ awful lt f them learn pretty much nthing there.   Accrding 3. __________ the recent Wrld Bank study f seven African cuntries, half f nine-year-ld cannt read a simple wrd and three-quarters cannt read a simple sentence. The reasn is terrible 4. __________(teach). Several recent studies suggest educatinal technlgy can help. It seems
5. __________ (bring)abut bigger imprvement in pr cuntries than in rich nes. Sme f the rare6. __________(resurce) being spent n teachers culd therefre be better spent n educatinal technlgy. That desn’t mean dumping cmputers n schls, hping that children 7. __________(understand)hw t use them. Instead, it means prviding schls with sftware that children can use with minimal help frm an adult, that gets things right 8. __________(much)ften than the teachers d, that adjusts itself t the child’s ability that sends teachers clues abut 9. __________ they are suppsed t be teaching and that allws the authrities t check n whether theteacher is in the classrm.   Of curse, gd 10. __________(traditin) teachers are nt replaced, and are never likely t be.  
【文章大意】本文主要讲教育科技对改善国家的教育会有一定作用。1. 【解析】impressive。考查词性转换。作系动词is的表语, 应用形容词。2. 【解析】an。考查冠词。a lt f 许多, 是固定搭配; awful是以元音音素开头的单词, 应用an。3. 【解析】t。考查介词。accrding t根据, 是固定搭配。4. 【解析】teaching。考查词性转换。形容词terrible后应用名词。5. 【解析】t bring。考查非谓语动词。作seem的表语, 且表示事物的特征, 应用不定式作表语。6. 【解析】resurces。考查名词单复数。根据sme f可知, 此处应用名词复数。
7. 【解析】will understand。考查动词时态。与hpe呼应, 表示要发生的动作, 需用一般将来时。8. 【解析】mre。考查比较级。根据后面的than可知, 应用比较级。9. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。介词abut后应用宾语从句, 从句中缺少teach的宾语, 应用what引导。10. 【解析】traditinal。考查词性转换。修饰名词teachers, 应用形容词。
【加固训练】Passage 1 (2020·太原模拟) Tik Tk, 1. __________ launched in China as “Duyin” in September 2016, describes 2. __________ (it)　as a frum t capture and present the wrld’s creativity, knwledge, and precius life mments 3. __________ (direct) frm the mbile phne. It is wned by Bytedance, a startup 4. __________ (base) in China that is cnsidered ne f the wrld’s mst valuable private cmpanies. Tik Tk users tap and hld 5. __________ (recrd) a shrt vide and can add music and visual effects. The vides can then be upladed with hashtags
t  jin a variety f tpics and trends.   Mst f the vides, which tend t last arund 15 secnds, shw smene dancing, lip-syncing (对口型) 6. _________a sng r a vide clip, r pulling sme kind f running gag (笑料), 7. __________the app has als gained fllwings amng sme particular grups, especially military persnnel.   Part f the charm and 8. __________ (attract) f Tik Tk is that its yunger users have embraced it as a place t experiment with the kind f Internet humr that 9. _________ ( nt succeed) n ther platfrms yet. Kevin Rse in the New Yrk Times called the app a refreshing utlier in the scial media universe that brught him 10. _________ rare sensatin f “happiness”.  
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一款应用软件Tik Tk(抖音)。1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词Tik Tk, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指物, 应用which引导。2. 【解析】itself。考查词性转换。主语与宾语指代同一事物时, 宾语用反身代词。3. 【解析】directly。考查词性转换。修饰动词capture 和 present应用副词。4. 【解析】based。考查非谓语动词。base与startup之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。5. 【解析】t recrd。考查非谓语动词。recrd作目的状语, 应用动词不定式。
6. 【解析】t。考查介词。固定短语 lip-sync t a sng 表示“伴随着歌曲对口型”, t“伴随着”。7. 【解析】but。考查连词。结合上下文可知为转折关系, 应用but。8. 【解析】attractin。考查词性转换。结合上文the charm and可知应填名词。9. 【解析】hasn’t succeeded。考查动词时态。根据下文yet“还没有”可知应用现在完成时。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处表示特指抖音所带来的罕见的幸福感觉, 应用不定冠词the。
Passage 2 Beijing was nce a city f bikes, the capital f a cuntry 1. _______ (knw) as the Bicycle Kingdm, where cars were reserved fr fficial and plitical business. 2. _______, decades f remarkable ecnmic grwth led t a huge flwing f cars in the city. Owning ne became nt just a marker f reaching the middle class but als a 3. _______(require) fr marriage. As the ecnmy bmed, auts pushed bikes ff the rads, 4. _______ (create) heavy pllutin and miserable traffic. Frtunately, nw Beijing may be returning t its rts with a mdern twist. Thanks t abut 20 technlgy cmpanies, brightly clured shared bikes
5. _______ (fld) Beijing since last year. Many lcal residents welcme the shared bikes 6. _______the flexibility and freedm they ffer. They pick up the bikes and then ride and drp 7. _______ (they) ff anywhere they like, lcking the back wheel, with n need t find a fixed place. Analysis in China says there 8. _______ (be) three factrs that cntribute t the sudden increase f bikes: a lt f cash lking fr a hme, a gd idea and gvernment supprt. “As the city’s ppulatin grew, traffic jams gt 9. ______ (bad). ” Cai, the f spkeswman, said, “Shared bikes culd slve the ‘last mile’ prblem in 10. _______ envirnmentally friendly way. ”
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了北京的共享单车。 1. 【解析】knwn。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, knw在句中作非谓语。knw和逻辑主语the capital f a cuntry之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。2. 【解析】Hwever。考查副词。上下文之间是转折关系, 且空格后有逗号, 应用副词hwever。 3. 【解析】requirement。考查词性转换。冠词a后应用名词。4. 【解析】creating。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, create在句中作非谓语, 且表示意料之内的结果, 应用现在分词作状语。
5. 【解析】have flded/have been flding。考查时态。分析句子结构可知,fld在句中作谓语, 由时间状语since last year可知, 应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。6. 【解析】fr。考查介词。表示原因, 应用介词fr。7. 【解析】them。考查代词。根据语境可知, 此处指代上文中的bikes, 且在句中作drp的宾语, 应用宾格的人称代词。8. 【解析】are。考查时态与主谓一致。There be 句型中, 主语是three factrs, 故谓语用复数, 且描述的是现在的事情, 故用一般现在时。9. 【解析】wrse。考查比较级。此处含有与以前相比较的含义, 应用bad的比较级wrse。