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2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型二自由类填空第5讲并列连词和三大从句课件20210223154
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型二自由类填空第5讲并列连词和三大从句课件20210223154，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了技法探究·素养提升，but，and，butyet，which，whose，who，whothat，where，how等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第5讲 并列连词和三大从句
当空格前后是两个并列成分, 如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等, 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时, 空格处一般填并列连词。当空格后为句子, 而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时, 一般填从句连词, 即定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句的连词。
技法探究·素养提升
【技法1】当空格需要填并列连词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】or。 考查并列连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去世”可知填入表示选择关系的并列连词。2. 【解析】but。考查并列连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作, 而是因为我想工作”可知使用了并列结构“not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……”。
【技法点金】1. 牢记并列连词的基本含义and表并列或顺承, but表转折, or表选择, so表因果, for表因为, while表对比且含义为“而”。
2. 熟知常见的固定结构
【易错警示】混淆并列结构与定语从句①Life is full of various experiences and of ________some are unforgettable. ②(变式)Life is full of various experiences, of ________some are unforgettable. 答案: ①them ②which【剖析】 题①中and连接两个并列句, 故填them; 题②中空格处是“of +which”引导定语从句, 先行词是experiences。
【过关检测】1. (2018·浙江11月高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup __ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. 2. (2020·沈阳一模)Shortages in supply have resulted in rising pork prices since the beginning of the year, ___ prices have started to decline recently due to increased production. 3. (2020·驻马店一模)Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling __ in terms of general usage.
or
but
or
4. (2020·威海一模) We will be able to make the products we need in an efficient, responsible, ____ creative way. 5. (2020·蚌埠三模)We can’t solve all the problems of waste, _______ we can encourage mindfulness.
and
but/yet
【技法2】当空格需要填关系词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, the British Museum后是定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 指代先行词the British Museum, 应用关系代词which/that。2. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, artist后是定语从句, 从句中缺少paintings的定语, 应用关系代词whose。3. 【解析】where。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知, spot后是定语从句, 从句中缺少地点状语, 应用关系副词where。
【技法点金】1. 把握关系词选择技巧
2. as 和which的使用两注意※She has married again, as was expected. 正如预料的那样, 她又结婚了。※He broke the rules again, which was unexpected. 他又违规了, 这是意料之外的。
3. “介词+关系代词”的使用三规则
【易错警示】混淆定语从句的先行词①We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year. ②We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we will have a party for celebration. 答案: ①that/which ②when
【剖析】 题①中, 先行词为the sales targets, 从句中缺少set的宾语, 应用that或which引导定语从句; 题②先行词为month, 从句中缺少时间状语, 应用when引导定语从句。
【过关检测】1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les. 2. (2018·天津高考)Kate, ______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters ____ had great experience with caring for these animals. 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
which
whose
who
which / that
5. (2020·济宁模拟)According to the World Hunger Education Service, recently the percentage of people ________ cannot get enough food chronically(长期地)has reduced from 34% to 15%. 6. (2020·烟台模拟)The sensors, ______ are 50 times thinner than a human hair, can be put into a wearable device, such as a watch, to allow people and their doctors to check their health regularly.
who/that
which
【技法3】当空格需要填名词性从句引导词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。介词on后是宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。2. 【解析】where。考查名词性从句。句意: 简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着, 根本不知道去往何方。根据句意和句子结构可知, 宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连接词, 故填where。3. 【解析】whether/if。考查名词性从句。句意: 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了, 我承认我还没有。whether/if是否, 引导宾语从句。
【技法点金】1.牢记连接词的基本用法2. 把握what引导名词性从句的意义表示“……的东西或事情”; 表示“……的样子或人”; 表示“……的数量或数目”; 表示“……的时间”; 表示“……的地方”。*A new building has been built in what used to be an old temple. 在过去是一座古庙的地方建了一座新建筑。
【易错警示】混淆名词性从句中的what和that①______ is even amazing is “the Rain of West Lake”, which is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain. ②(变式)It is even amazing ______“the Rain of West Lake” is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain. 答案: ①What ②that
【剖析】 题①中主语从句中缺少主语, 故用连接代词, 指代所发生的事, 填What; 题②中it为形式主语, ______ “the Rain of West Lake” is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain为真正主语, 且从句中不缺少句子成分, 故应用连接词that。
【过关检测】1. (2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______we are now. 2. (2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ____we arrived. 3. (2020·烟台一模)Along with this, Max has traveled to Africa several times to donate equipment and coach the kids, developing Angels at Bat into _____it is today. 4. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____one can be entirely free from dust.
where
how
what
that
【技法4 】当空格需要填从属连词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】When/As。考查连词。这是一个主从复合句, 逗号前面是时间状语从句, 句子大概意思是: 当他问村民的时候, 他们指向江边, 应该用When或As引导。2. 【解析】that。考查固定句式。此处为so. . . that. . . 表示“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句。
【技法点金】明晰常考的从属连词(1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句; (2)before/after引导时间状语从句; (3)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句; (4)though/although引导让步状语从句; (5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句; (6)where/when 引导地点、时间状语从句; (7)whether. . . or. . . 引导让步状语从句。【点津】在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中, 一般来说, 从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时。
【易错警示】混淆类似连词①She has watched TV for half an hour ______she reached home. ②(变式)She had a short rest and then watched TV______ she reached home. 答案: ①since ②after【剖析】 题①中主句时态为现在完成时, 要与since引导的时间状语连用; 题②中主句时态为一般过去时, 要与after引导的时间状语连用。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)Farming produced more food per person ____ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. 2. (2018·天津高考)Let’s not pick these peaches_____ this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten. 3. (2018·江苏高考)______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 4. An interesting story will never fade from my memory ________________I heard of it many years ago.
than
until
Unless
though / although
5. ______ you become queen of this country, you must rule it well, so that the people will live happily.
When
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·昆明三模)Up till now, the website has been continuously updated, ______ gives lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to browse (浏览)in their free time. 2. (2020·烟台一模)Then, inspired by his baseball coach, T. Williquette, and those ____ were active in charity, he decided to take action and help. 3. (2020·宁波模拟)There was no sign of rain, and the store was just around the corner, __ we went there without an umbrella.
新题精练·素养应用
which
who
so
4. (2020·驻马店模拟)Then the term, “autumn”, ______ was referred to the season between summer and winter, lasted for a couple of centuries. 5. (2020·大连一模)_____ they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides. 6. (2020·大庆三模)The work that APOPO does is really important in spreading the fact ____ rats are not just a pest. 7. Not _____ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 8. There, the insect has natural enemies ______existence helps to keep the fall armyworm population at acceptable levels.
which
What
that
until
whose
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 根据语境, 用适当的连词或关系词填空 The world is now fighting a war of a different kind. It’s against an unseen enemy, 1.______ has been named COVID-19 by the WHO. The virus causing this disease has spread widely 2. ____ quickly, leading to thousands of deaths. Scientists are creating vaccine(疫苗)to protect people against the virus. The Chinese people should be praised 3.________ they have made great contributions to the world. For the most part, they refused to panic. They’ve stayed home as much 4. __ possible, worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and thoroughly. The government’s response has also been
which
and
because
as
calm and effective. They’ve kept every one informed about 5. _____ has been happening, 6. ____ many angels in white came to the front to be reversers (逆行者)7. ______ names will be remembered forever. The fight against the virus may continue for several more months 8. ___ it will eventually die out. 9. ______ the crisis fades, the world will learn cooperation and hope, not panic 10. __criticism, are the best way to face a common threat.
what
and
whose
but
When
or
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·青岛模拟) China has a very rich and brilliant tea culture. It is one of the most important parts of Chinese tradition. A small cup of tea contains the spirit and 1. __________(wise) of the Chinese people. It seems like the most 2. _________ (enjoy) thing to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day. Just like coffee, tea grown in different areas 3. __________ (have) different flavors. Some needs drinking with small and delicate tea cups, and some can 4. __________(drink) from a big bowl.
Chinese people believe tea needs drinking quietly, 5. __________ many of the tea shops are located in a corner of a Hutong, providing customers 6. __________ a very quiet and comfortable environment—but the fast pace of life sometimes doesn’t allow that. So there are tea shop owners who, just 7. __________ Starbucks does, locate their shops in the downtown area to provide service for quick customers. Take Heytea as an example. It was just a small tea shop 8. __________(locate) in a small lane in a small city of Guangdong Province in 2012. But in only 5 years, it 9. __________(expand) 83 stores over China, including big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for more than an hour fortheir tea is a common 10. __________(occur).
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国的茶文化。1. 【解析】wisdom。考查名词。句意: 一小杯茶包含着中国人的精神和智慧。wise在此处和spirit并列, 填名词形式, 故填wisdom。2. 【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。句意: 在安静的日子里喝杯茶似乎是最令人愉快的事情。此处用形容词作thing的定语, 故填enjoyable。3. 【解析】has。考查主谓一致。句意: 就像咖啡一样, 生长在不同地区的茶有不同的口味。本句为一般现在时, 主语是tea为单数, 故填has。4. 【解析】be drunk。考查被动语态。主语some和drink之间是被动关系, 放在can后面, 故填be drunk。
5. 【解析】so。考查连词。句意: 中国人认为茶需要安静地喝, 因此许多茶叶店都坐落在胡同的一个角落里。分析上下文可知, 前后为因果关系, 故填so。6. 【解析】with。考查固定搭配。provide. . . with. . . , 为固定搭配, 为……提供……, 故填with。7. 【解析】as。考查固定搭配。just as. . . , 为固定搭配, 正如……, 故填as。8. 【解析】located。考查非谓语动词。句意: 2012年, 它只是广东省一个小城市的一个小巷子里的一家小茶馆。locate在此句中作a small tea shop的后置定语, 两者之间是被动关系, 故填located。
9. 【解析】has expanded。考查动词时态。句意: 但在短短5年时间里, 它已经在中国扩张了83家门店, 包括像北京这样的大城市。根据句意, 此处应用现在完成时, 主语是it, 故填has expanded。10. 【解析】occurrence。考查名词。句意: 排一个多小时的队买他们店的茶是一种常见的现象。occur在此句中为名词作表语, 且common为形容词修饰名词。故填occurrence。
Passage 2 (2020·沈阳三模) The Chinese short track speed skating team swore to win more gold medals at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games as skaters started their training for the new season. “Our job is to fight to win more gold medals for our country. Empty talk is 1. __________(use). Only hard work will lead us to the victory, ” said China head coach Li Yan on Thursday. Short track speed skaters contributed 2. _________ 10 out of a total of 13 gold medals that Chinese athletes 3. __________(win) in the last five Winter Olympic Games, but at the World
Championships in 2019 they failed to win 4. __________ single title. “There is only one way to lose — that is to give up, ” she added. “I hope every skater can face the challenge and the test ahead with consistent hard work. ” Wu Dajing, 5. __________ had become the first Chinese male skater 6. __________(gain) a gold medal at Winter Olympic Games as he claimed the men’s 500 meters in PyeongChang, was looking forward to 7. __________(have) better performance in the next season after finishing runner-up in the last World Championships in Sofia in March. “It is 8. __________(nature) that sometimes you win and sometimes you don’t — this is sports, ” he said. “The only thing I want to do now is to focus on
my training and get 9. __________(well) prepared for the next season and 10. __________(hopeful) I can achieve better results. ”
【文章大意】随着中国短道速滑运动员开始新赛季的训练, 中国短道速滑队发誓将在2022年北京冬奥会上赢得更多金牌。1. 【解析】useless。考查词性转换。系动词is后应用形容词, 此处意为“空谈是无用的”, 应用useless。2. 【解析】to。考查介词。contribute to意为“对……有贡献, 有助于”, 固定搭配。3. 【解析】have won。考查时态。和时间状语in the last five Winter Olympic Games连用, 应用现在完成时。4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。根据single可知, 应用不定冠词a。
5. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且先行词指人, 应用who引导定语从句。6. 【解析】to gain。考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰, 其后用不定式作定语。7. 【解析】having。考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事。8. 【解析】natural。考查词性转换。系动词is后应用形容词作表语。9. 【解析】better。考查比较级。根据下文的better可知, 此处应用比较级。10. 【解析】hopefully。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 作评注性的状语, 应用副词。
【加固训练】Passage 1 Generally we know a little about the western people and their ways of life. When the difference is 1. __________(wide)than our expectation, it becomes a cultural shock. Cultural 2. __________(shock)may come in different ways. Once my friend, 3. __________ businessman, after concluding the business with his suppliers in Hangzhou, 4. _________ (whisper)to me, “Do we have to dine(进餐)together with them?”I knew he was not sure of our dinner culture and reassured(使安心)him, “Yes, if you wish, 5. _________ not necessary. ”He did choose to dine
with the suppliers but I don’t think he enjoyed it. Hard as I tried 6. ________(focus)the dialogue on my friend, the suppliers always talked to me, 7. _______(leave)my friend seated there listening to a(n) 8. _______(relevant) conversation. People who are familiar 9. __________Chinese ways know Chinese people drink hot water, and always remind their friends not to drink 10. ________(direct)when they receive a cup of water. I, too, don’t take any chance, either ask my clients whether they need chilled water or normal or remind them the water might be hot. China is an open country now and the cultural exchange has been quite frequent over the last 30 years. Such cultural shocks are less and less shocking.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中西方的文化冲突。1. 【解析】wider。考查比较级。根据than可知, 此处应用比较级。2. 【解析】shocks。考查名词复数。泛指各种各样的文化冲击, 应用复数。3. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个商人, 应用不定冠词a。4. 【解析】whispered。考查时态。根据时间状语Once可知, 应用一般过去时。5. 【解析】but。考查连词。上下文之间是转折关系, 应用but。
6. 【解析】to focus。考查非谓语动词。try to do sth. 试图做某事。7. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。此处表示意料之中的结果, 应用现在分词。8. 【解析】irrelevant。考查词性转换。听无关的谈话, 应用irrelevant。9. 【解析】with。考查介词。be familiar with意为“熟悉……”。10. 【解析】directly。考查词性转换。修饰动词drink, 应用副词。
Passage 2 (2020·成都一模) As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters 1. __________ (gradual) become obvious, some local communities are taking action. Among them 2. ________(be) one community in Florida where local people and government officials are proving 3. __________ (success) in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea levels. The community has studied 4. __________ much sea levels will rise and has suggested ways to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government
to ban new developments on land near the coastline and recommended 5. __________ (build) sand dunes (沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, 6. __________ (decide) to take action in 2008 after it became clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint (联合的) action. While some Florida government officials are skeptical 7. ________the effects of climate change and the causes of environmental damage, the people living in these locations are certain of the need 8. __________ (protect) their communities. At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change
under a 9. __________(limit) budget is a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10. __________ end, but for now, quick thinking by local citizens is helping to secure the future.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了全球变暖对海平面的影响。1. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。修饰动词, 应用副词。2. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。由上下文可知此处应用一般现在时, 且本句是倒装句, be动词的形式要根据后 面的主语one community来确定, 应用第三人称单数形式。3. 【解析】successful。考查词性转换。prove为系动词, 其后应跟形容词作表语。4. 【解析】how。考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句, 意为“海平面会上升多少”, 应用how。
5. 【解析】building。考查非谓语动词。当recommend意为“建议”时, 其后可跟动词-ing形式或用于recommend sb. to do sth. 结构。6. 【解析】decided。考查时态。由“in 2008”可知, 此处所表示的动作发生在过去, 应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】about/of。考查介词。be skeptical about/of意为“对……表示怀疑”, 固定搭配。8. 【解析】to protect。考查非谓语动词。need作名词时, 其后常跟不定式作后置定语, 意为“……的需要”。9. 【解析】limited。考查词性转换。修饰名词budget, 应用形容词修饰。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。in the end意为“最后, 终于”, 固定搭配。
专题能力提升练 二十三限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·青岛高三期末) As is known to all, a positive parent-child relationship is 1. __________(benefit) to the physical and mental 2. __________(grow) of children, but keeping a healthy parent-child bond 3. __________(need) the efforts of both parties.
专题能力提升练
Parents should take the responsibility 4. __________(improve) theirrelationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, 5. __________ tight their schedule is. For instance, they can eat 6. __________(meal) together, go to sporting events together or watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 7. __________ can contribute greatly to making their children feel safe and 8. __________(love). Children, on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 9. __________(do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 10. __________ a regular basis.
No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict. But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了如何维持健康的亲子关系。1. 【解析】beneficial。考查形容词。句意: 众所周知, 积极的亲子关系有利于儿童的身心成长, 但是保持亲子关系健康需要双方共同努力。be beneficial to固定短语, “对……有益”, 故填 beneficial 。2. 【解析】growth。考查名词。形容词修饰名词, 故填 growth 。
3. 【解析】needs。考查主谓一致。keeping a healthy parent-child bond是动名词短语, 作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 故填needs。4. 【解析】to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意: 父母应该担负起改善与子女关系的责任。此处不定式作定语, 故填 to improve 。5. 【解析】however。考查副词。句意: 重要的是与孩子共度美好时光, 不管他们的日程安排多么紧张。此处是however引导的让步状语从句, 故填 however 。6. 【解析】meals。考查名词。句意: 例如, 他们可以一起吃饭, 一起参加体育赛事, 或者一起看孩子们最喜欢的电视节目, 这使他们的孩子感到安全和被爱。meal是可数名词, 故填meals。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用关系代词which , 故填which。8. 【解析】loved。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这使他们的孩子感到安全和被爱。此处过去分词作表语, 故填loved。9. 【解析】have done。考查时态。句意: 另一方面, 孩子们应该让父母知道他们很感激父母为他们所做的一切。根据句意可知, 谓语动词用现在完成时, 故填have done 。10. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 如果可能的话, 他们可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物, 也可以定期帮父母做家务。on a regular basis固定短语, “经常地, 有规律地”, 故填on。
Passage 2 (2020·哈尔滨一模) Isabel Crook has been awarded the Friendship Medal for her great contributions to supporting China’s socialist modernization, promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and safeguarding world peace. Born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province to a Canadian missionary(传教士) family in 1915, Isabel Crook came into the world during a time 1. _____ the first World War was underway in Europe and China’s last emperor Puyi was living
in the Forbidden City after being forced 2. __________ (step) down from the emperor’s chair three years earlier. While Crook’s parents were busy 3. _____ (set) up schools in China, Crook 4. _____(her) was more interested in many ethnic 5. _____ (minor) in China. As a foreign girl, she had every reason to be curious 6. _____ what was going on around her. At the age of 23, Crook graduated from a Canadian college with 7. _____ master’s degree and began carrying out field research in Sichuan Province. In 1947, Crook and her journalist husband 8. _____(welcome) by the Communist Party of China to study the revolutionary land reform taking place in China.
Eager to be part of the revolution after completing their study of the land reform, the couple accepted an invitation from CPC leaders to teach at a 9. __________ (new) established foreign affairs school in 1948. As a teacher she 10. _____(lay) the foundation for foreign language education in China in the 20th century. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在支持中国社会主义现代化建设、促进中外交流与合作、维护世界和平等方面作出了巨大贡献的Isabel Crook女士。
1. 【解析】when。考查定语从句。when引导定语从句, 修饰先行词time; 从句中缺少时间状语, 应用when引导。2. 【解析】to step。考查非谓语动词。be forced to do sth. 意为“被迫做某事”, 固定搭配。3. 【解析】setting。考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”, 固定搭配。4. 【解析】herself。考查词性转换。herself作主语Crook的同位语。5. 【解析】minorities。考查词性转换。形容词ethnic修饰名词, 且根据many可知, 此处应用名词复数。
6. 【解析】about。考查介词。be curious about 意为“对……好奇”, 固定搭配。7. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个硕士学位, 应用不定冠词a。8. 【解析】were welcomed。考查时态和语态。welcome和主语Crook and her journalist husband之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。9. 【解析】newly。考查词性转换。修饰动词established, 应用副词。10. 【解析】laid。考查时态。谓语动词lay发生在过去, 应用一般过去时。
Passage 3 (2020·重庆二模) The International Olympic Committee took the extraordinary step Tuesday of 1. __________(postpone) the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, which 2. __________(schedule) to start on July 24, because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Just how extraordinary was the step? This marks the 3. (four) time since the first modern Olympics in 1896 that the Games have been affected 4. __________outside forces. The other three occasions were cancellations during the first and second World Wars. So this is the first time the Olympics
have been postponed, rather than 5. ________(cancel). “The Tokyo Olympics will still be held, ” Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo after a call with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach on 6. ________ matter. The IOC later said in a 7. __________(state) that the Games will be “rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not 8. __________(late) than 2021”!
This time around, it’s a pandemic(疫情), not a war, 9. ______ is changing the Olympics schedule. The IOC said that “The leaders agreed that the Olympic Games in Tokyo could stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these times and that the Olympic flame could become the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds 10. ______ (it) at present. ” 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了因为疫情, 2020年的东京奥运会被推迟。
1. 【解析】postponing。考查词性转换。介词of后应用动名词作宾语。2. 【解析】were scheduled。考查时态和语态。which指代前面的the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, 和谓语动词schedule之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。3. 【解析】fourth。考查序数词 。表示第四次。4. 【解析】by。考查介词。表示被动应用by连接。5. 【解析】canceled/cancelled。考查非谓语动词。rather than连接并列结构, 根据postponed可知, 应用过去分词。 6. 【解析】the。考查冠词。这里是特指这件事情, 用定冠词the。
7. 【解析】statement。考查词性转换。句意: 国际奥委会随后在一份声明中说道……8. 【解析】later。考查比较级。根据than可知, 应用比较级。9. 【解析】that。考查强调句。此处为强调句, 强调的是主语。【规律方法】判断强调句的方法把It is / was . . . that去掉, 重新排列一下句子, 如果句子仍然完整, 则为强调句, 反之, 则不是强调句, 那么关系词不一定是that, 需要根据情况去选择合适的引导词。10. 【解析】itself。考查词性转换。finds的宾语和主语指代同一事物, 应用反身代词作其宾语。
专题能力提升练 二十四限时25分钟Passage 1 (2020·山师大附中模拟) Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes 1. __________ she didn’t even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday. The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, 2. __________(make) shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes. She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which measures less than 10 square meters
altogether, filled with cloth shoes in 3. __________(variety) stages of completion. Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes 4. __________(use) machines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely 5. __________ hand. She says the shoes 6. __________(produce) by machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones. The handmade cloth shoes are more durable (耐用的) and comfortable, 7. __________(soft), and absorb sweat better.
Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia (怀旧), while 8. __________ trust their quality. Making shoes isn’t 9. __________ profitable job, but Qiangstill insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation. Handmade cloth shoes are also called qian ceng di (shoes with a thousand layers), 10. __________ can date back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty. In 2009, the making technique of qian ceng di was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了强淑萍坚持手工做布鞋, 并介绍了布鞋的特点和历史。
1. 【解析】that。考查状语从句。句意: 强淑萍如此忙于制作布鞋以至于端午节假期都没休息。so. . . that. . . “如此……以至于……”是固定句型, 故填that。2. 【解析】has made/has been making。考查动词时态和主谓一致。据句子主语“The woman”可知, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。根据时间状语“since she was 19 years old”可知, 此处可用现在完成进行时表示“做鞋”这一动作始于过去, 并持续到现在, 且现在还在进行; 此处也可用现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作。故填has made/has been making。3. 【解析】various。考查形容词。形容词作定语修饰名词stages, 故填various。
4. 【解析】using。考查非谓语动词。(use) machines作状语, use与其逻辑主语stores之间是主动关系, 现在分词作状语表示主动关系, 故填using。5. 【解析】by。考查固定短语。句意: 但是强淑萍坚持完全用手工做鞋。by hand“用手工”是常用词组, 故填by。6. 【解析】produced。考查非谓语动词用法。(produce) by machine作定语修饰shoes, shoes与produce之间是被动关系, 过去分词作定语表示被动关系, 故填produced。7. 【解析】softer。考查形容词。句意: 手工制作的布鞋比较耐用和舒适, 更柔软, 更吸汗。and连接并列成分, 此处连接作表语的比较级, 故填softer。
8. 【解析】others。考查代词。句意: 有些人买布鞋是出于怀旧, 而另一些人则相信它们的质量。句中some. . . others“一些人……另一些人”, 是常用表达, 根据语境可知, 故填others。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。不定冠词在句中泛指一份工作, 空白处后面的形容词profitable, 首字母发音是辅音音素, 故填a。10. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句中can date back to作定语修饰qian ceng di, 从句中作主语, 指物, 引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which, 故填which。
Passage 2 (2020·西安二模)Mask-Wearing, Common in Asia, Spreads in the West PARIS — Until a few weeks ago, Asian tourists were 1. _________only mask wearers in Paris, 2. __________ (cause) puzzlement or suspicion from French locals or even hostility as the 2019-nCoV began sweeping across Europe. Four days into a national lockdown to stem(阻止) the outbreak, the French government spokeswoman, Sibeth Ndiaye, warned that face masks were so 3. __________(familiar) that wearing them was too difficult technically and could
even be “counterproductive (适得其反)”. Even Thursday morning, when 4. __________ (ask) whether she wore a mask or made her children wear one, she said, “Oh, no, not at all. ” This taboo(禁忌) is falling fast, not only in France but across Western countries, after increasing 5. __________(cry) from experts who say the practice is effective in curbing the 2019-nCoV pandemic. The shift for Western nations is profound and has had to overcome not merely the logistical challenges of securing enough masks, which are significant enough, but also a deep 6. _________(culture) resistance and even
stigma (污名) associated with mask-wearing, 7. __________ some Western leaders described flatly as “alien”. 8. __________ (seem), it won’t be for much longer. After discouraging people from wearing face masks, France, like the United States, has begun urging its citizens 9. __________ (wear) basic or homemade ones outside. And some parts of Europe are moving faster than the United States by requiring masks instead 10. __________ simply recommending their use. 【文章大意】口罩禁忌正在迅速消失, 不仅是在法国, 在西方许多国家都是如此。
1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指“唯一的一批戴口罩的人”, 应用定冠词the。2. 【解析】causing。考查非谓语动词。表示意料之内的结果, 应用现在分词。3. 【解析】unfamiliar。考查词性转换。根据下文可知, 应是不熟悉口罩, 应用反义词。4. 【解析】asked。考查非谓语动词。ask和逻辑主语she之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。5. 【解析】cries。考查名词复数。根据increasing和from experts可知, 此处指多个呼吁, 应用复数。6. 【解析】cultural。考查词性转换。修饰名词resistance, 应用形容词。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词mask-wearing, 从句中缺少described的宾语, 应用which引导。8. 【解析】Seemingly。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 应用副词。9. 【解析】to wear。考查非谓语动词。urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事, 应用不定式作宾语补足语。10. 【解析】of。考查介词。instead of代替……, 固定搭配。
Passage 3 (2020·兰州二模) Wearing hanfu, 1. ________ traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group, has experienced a fashion revival(复兴) among young Chinese people in recent years, with more than 2 million 2. ________(consumer) of the domestic hanfu market, 3. ________ is worth around 1. 09 billion yuan, CCTV reported. As the number of people 4. ________(adopt) the ancient style of dress in modern times is expected 5. ________(grow), stores involved in the renting of hanfu are being set up across China. From April to August last year, the
number of stores for renting hanfu in Beijing 6. ________(rise) to more than 20 from the original four. The hanfu market has experienced a boom in both high-end customized clothing brands and more 7. ________(afford) options. Statistics coming 8. ________ a domestic e-commerce(国内电商) platform showed that hanfu priced at 100—300 yuan took more than 60 percent market share last year, while those priced over 500 yuan accounted for more than 30 percent. Last year, there were more than 2 million 9. ________(extreme) keen admirers of hanfu in China, according to a report by HanFu Information, a piece of data
10. ________(provide) for the platform. The average age of the admirers is 21, and some 88 percent of them are female. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了汉服在年轻人中的兴起现象及其发展趋势。1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指汉代传统服饰, 应用定冠词。2. 【解析】consumers。考查名词的复数。根据more than 2 million可知, 此处应用复数。3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文, 且从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which。
4. 【解析】adopting。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知adopt在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 且与people之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。5. 【解析】to grow。考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth. 表示“被期望做某事”, 后跟不定式。6. 【解析】rose。考查时态。rise在句中作谓语, 且根据前文last year可知应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】affordable。考查词性转换。修饰名词options应用形容词。
8. 【解析】from。考查介词。短语come from表示“来自”。9. 【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。修饰形容词keen应用副词。10. 【解析】provided。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知provide在句中是非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语data之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。
专题能力提升练 二十五限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·淄博一模) The Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA) was 1. __________(formal) opened on Sept. 25, 2019. Located around 46 km south of Tian’anmen Square, it was designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid. BDIA was listed 2. __________ the first of the “seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by the Guardian in 2015.
The new airport complex, consisting of a main terminal, a supporting service building and a parking lot, 3. __________(cover) an area of about 1. 4 million square metres. The starfish design is extremely space efficient, with 4. __________ journey of just 600 metres from security to the furthest gate. 5. __________ could be the most expected innovation at BDIA is its artificial intelligence. The airport 6. __________(set) up more than 400 self-service check-in machines already, which can 7. __________(short) passengers’ waiting time to about 10 minutes. Travelers can be scanned on cameras 8. __________(use) facial recognition. Counters can be fully automated to capture
(抓拍) face photos and relay 9. __________(they) during each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate. The Daxing airport—said to be the world’s largest terminal in a single building—is expected 10. __________(receive) nearly 170 million passengers by 2025. It will become a new transport hub for the greater Beijing region. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的开幕以及里面的科技设备——面部识别等信息。
1. 【解析】formally。考查副词。根据后面的动词“opened”可知, 此处应用副词修饰动词opened。故填formally。2. 【解析】as。考查介词。be listed as是固定短语, 意为“被列为, 被记录为”。故填as。3. 【解析】covers。考查动词和主谓一致。分析句子可知, 前面有非谓语动词consisting, 该句缺少谓语动词, 且主语“The new airport complex”是单数, 所以此处应用covers。故填covers。4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。分析句子可知, 此处泛指“一次旅程”, 且journey的读音是以辅音音素开头, 所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 【解析】What。考查主语从句。分析句子可知, 该句中谓语动词is前面的是主语, 所以空处引导主语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 所以应用what引导。故填What。6. 【解析】has set。考查时态。already是现在完成时的标志, 表明某件事情已经完成, 所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has set。7. 【解析】shorten。考查动词。助动词can后接动词原形, 所以此处应用short的动词形式shorten。故填shorten。8. 【解析】using。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用非谓语动词, 动词use与其逻辑主语travelers之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词。故填using。
9. 【解析】them。考查代词。动词relay后接代词的宾格形式, 所以此处用them。故填them。10. 【解析】to receive。考查动词不定式。expect to do sth. 是固定搭配, 意为“期望做某事”。故填to receive。
Passage 2 The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 1. _____ country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. __________(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into cumulonimbus clouds(积雨云). The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 3. _____ (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. _____ (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 5. _____ wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6. _____ (continue)
burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 7. __________(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. __________ (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 9. __________to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 10. __________ could have an effect on the planet’s climate. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年1月的澳大利亚森林大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。country为可数名词, 此处特指上文Australia, 应用定冠词。2. 【解析】sent。考查时态。根据后文and some smoke turned into cumulonimbus clouds可知, 此处应用一般过去时。3. 【解析】resulting。考查非谓语动词。result与逻辑主语clouds之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。4. 【解析】are found。考查时态和语态。find和主语animals之间是被动关系, 且描述客观事实, 应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5. 【解析】to。考查介词。此处是do harm to, 意为“对……有害”, 是固定搭配。6. 【解析】to continue。考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth. 意为“预计做某事”, 后跟不定式。7. 【解析】regularly。考查词性转换。修饰动词happen, 应用副词。8. 【解析】worse。考查比较级。根据语境, 此处表示“更糟”, 应用比较级形式。9. 【解析】it。考查代词。make it to表示到达。10. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句, 修饰整个句子, 且从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which。
Passage 3(2020·烟台二模) People of all ages are concerned about the spread of the 2019-nCoV, and teenagers, as a group, tend to experience intense fearfulness. Accordingly, their growing anxiety should be taken into 1. __________ (consider) seriously. Adults can help by making sure teens don’t overestimate the dangers 2. __________ underestimate their ability to protect themselves.
Anxiety can be 3. __________ (health). But not all teens know that it typically acts 4. ________ a useful and protective emotion. Adults can encourage teenagers to channel their discomfort into useful action, such as learning about and following the 5. __________ (recommend) health guidelines. We can also remind teenagers that we wash our hands and follow other health recommendations not only 6. ________ (protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress. Adults can note that 7. ________ (make) personal sacrifices(牺牲)—such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we’re not feeling well—helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.
Teenagers who are feeling 8. __________ (high) anxious about COVID-19 should 9. ________(encourage) to take a break from seeking, or even accidentally encountering, information about the virus. 10. __________ we can do is to encourage finding distractions, such as doing their homework or watching a favorite show, to protect them from noticing the increasing virus figures. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了如何处理青少年因疫情带来的焦虑。
1. 【解析】consideration。考查词性转换。介词into后应用名词。take sth. into consideration意为“把某事考虑进去”。2. 【解析】or。考查连词。否定句中用or表示并列。3. 【解析】healthy。考查词性转换。作系动词be的表语, 应用形容词。4. 【解析】as。考查介词。act as意为“担当”, 是固定搭配。5. 【解析】recommended。考查非谓语动词。recommend和health guidelines之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。6. 【解析】to protect。考查非谓语动词。不定式表示目的。
7. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。动名词短语作主语。8. 【解析】highly。考查词性转换。修饰形容词anxious, 应用副词。9. 【解析】be encouraged。考查语态。encourage和主语Teenagers之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。10. 【解析】What。考查名词性从句。What we can do是主语从句, 从句中缺少do的宾语, 应用what引导。
专题能力提升练 二十六限时25分钟Passage 1 (2020·聊城二模) Most Chinese people are familiar with shadow puppetry (皮影戏). Thinking about shadow puppetry, they are reminded of their experience of watching shadow plays in some temple fairs 1. ____ they were little. But now, one can enjoy a whole shadow show just by 2. __________ (put) on a Virtual Reality (VR) headset. “We’ve been looking for a connection between traditional art and
modern technology, ” said the VR game 3. ____(design) Zhang Qing. Shadow puppetry is a Chinese folk art 4. ____ (know) for its unique storytelling techniques, 5. ____ dates from 2, 000 years ago. However, since films and TV series 6. ____ (be) major entertainment options nowadays, shadow plays are in decline. To revive the ancient art via VR, Zhang visited puppeteers at Houma city in north China’s Shanxi Province where shadow puppetry once 7. ________ (boom). A puppeteer Zhu Chao said that he only gets to perform five or six times a year and the art is far 8. ____ its peak. Zhu
hopes that the combination with new technology VR can attract 9. (many) young people and pass down this ancient art as it is 10. __________ (gradual) fading away. Zhang said. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了皮影戏与VR技术相结合。1. 【解析】when。考查连词。when引导时间状语从句。2. 【解析】putting。考查非谓语动词。by doing sth. 通过做某事, 介词by后应用动名词。3. 【解析】designer。考查词性转换。Zhang Qing是设计师。
4. 【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。know和逻辑主语art之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 先行词指物, 应用which引导。6. 【解析】are。考查主谓一致。since引导的原因状语从句中, be作谓语, 且表述的是现在的事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语films and TV series是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。7. 【解析】boomed。考查时态。根据once可知, where引导的定语从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。8. 【解析】from。考查介词。far from意为“远非……”。
9. 【解析】more。考查比较级。此处指借用现代科技, 可以让更多年轻人了解并喜欢上这门传统非遗技艺, 应用比较级。10. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。修饰动词fading, 应用副词。
【知识拓展】皮影戏 皮影戏(Shadow Puppetry), 又称“影子戏”或“灯影戏”, 是一种用以兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影来表演故事的民间戏剧。表演时, 艺人们在白色幕布后面, 一边操纵影人, 一边用当地流行的曲调讲述故事, 同时配以打击乐器和弦乐, 有浓厚的乡土气息。其流行范围极为广泛, 并因各地所演的声腔不同而形成多种多样的皮影戏。皮影戏是中国民间古老的传统艺术, 老北京人都叫它“驴皮影”。据史书记载, 皮影戏始于西汉, 兴于唐朝, 盛于清代, 元代时期传至西亚和欧洲, 可谓历史悠久, 源远流长。
Passage 2(2020·山东省实验中学模拟) Tang Tianyuan from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region was viewed as a lucky dog, for he succeeded 1. __________ building a business based on a passion.
Tang, 2. __________ majored in ceramics (制陶艺术)and decorative sculpture design at college, set up a workshop after his studies to make Ningxi pottery, which is considered one of the top four 3. __________(variety) of pottery in China. 4. __________(initial), the pottery business was hard, as he had to make pottery himself while also 5. __________(take) care of management and sales. But the past five years of effort have earned him many more orders, 6. __________(compare) to none at the very beginning.
Up to now, 7. __________ 28-year-old has been engaged in making Ningxipottery for nine years, and the most impressive thing for Tang is the happiness he 8. __________(achieve). He said that 9. __________ was worthwhile starting a business based on his own interest that could support himself as well as gain public 10. ________(recognize). 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一名把制作宁溪陶艺作为自己事业的大学毕业生——唐天元。虽然创业的道路很艰苦, 但他因为在此过程中的收获而感到幸福。
1. 【解析】in。考查介词。此处是固定短语succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事”, 故填in。2. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词, 先行词Tang在从句中充当主语, 指人, 应用关系代词who, 故填who。3. 【解析】varieties。考查名词的数。variety“种类”是可数名词, 根据four判断此处用该词的复数形式, 故填varieties。4. 【解析】Initially。考查副词。分析句子可知, 此处应用副词作状语修饰后面整个句子, 故填Initially。
5. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词和while一起构成时间状语, 逻辑主语he和take之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词, 故填taking。6. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语orders和compare之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词, 故填compared。7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 到目前为止, 这个28岁的年轻人已经从事制作宁溪陶艺九年了, 令他印象最深刻的事是他所获得的幸福。根据句意可知, 此处特指Tang Tianyuan这个28岁的年轻人, 应用定冠词, 故填the。
8. 【解析】has achieved。考查时态。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句的谓语动词, 根据句意和语境判断此处是现在完成时, 主语he是第三人称单数, 应用has done形式, 故填has achieved。9. 【解析】it。考查代词。句意: 他说把事业建立在能够养活自己并获得公众的认可的兴趣上是值得的。根据句意和句子结构可知, 此处应填代词it作为形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。故填it。10. 【解析】recognition。考查名词。分析句子可知, 此处应填名词作为动词gain的宾语, “认可”是抽象名词, 不可数, 故填recognition。
Passage 3(2020·许昌二模) In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Nanhu Lake was a scenic wonderland in Yunnan Province. In order to get an 1. __________(office) rank, a scholar named Yang studied hard on an island in the middle of the lake, with one stone bridge linked to the bank. His wife sent 2. _____ (meal) to him every day. She usually made chicken soup with some rice noodles, meat and vegetables. Because of the great distance, when she got there, the food 3. _____ (become)cold and unappetizing.
One day, she cooked the food in a heated earthen pot. And she was so surprised 4. _____ (find) that the food was still hot when she got to the island. After 5. _____ careful study, she found two secrets: there was thick chicken oil on the surface of the soup and the earthen pot did not 6. __________(ready) conduct heat. As a result, the heat of the soup 7. _____ (preserve) well. Since then, the scholar became 8. __________ (healthy)and more hardworking. Finally he succeeded in a government examination. He treated his fellow scholars 9. _____the rice noodles with chicken soup. They praised it
repeatedly and asked 10. _____ the splendid meal was. Thinking of the stone bridge she crossed every day, the wife blurted out (脱口而出) “crossing-over bridge rice noodles”. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了过桥米线的由来。1. 【解析】official。考查词性转换。修饰名词rank, 应用形容词。2. 【解析】meals。考查名词复数。根据常识可知, 送的饭菜不止一次, 应用复数。3. 【解析】became。考查时态。讲述的是过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。
4. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后应用不定式作原因状语。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指一次研究, 应用不定冠词。6. 【解析】readily。考查词性转换。修饰动词conduct, 应用副词。7. 【解析】was preserved。考查时态和语态。preserve和主语the heat之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。8. 【解析】 healthier。考查比较级。根据more hardworking可知, 应用比较级。
9. 【解析】to。考查介词。treat sb. to sth. 意为“招待某人吃(喝、玩等)”, 是固定搭配。10. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。asked后是宾语从句, 从句中缺少was的表语, 应用what引导。
第5讲 并列连词和三大从句
当空格前后是两个并列成分, 如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等, 而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时, 空格处一般填并列连词。当空格后为句子, 而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时, 一般填从句连词, 即定语从句、名词性从句或状语从句的连词。
技法探究·素养提升
【技法1】当空格需要填并列连词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】or。 考查并列连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去世”可知填入表示选择关系的并列连词。2. 【解析】but。考查并列连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作, 而是因为我想工作”可知使用了并列结构“not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……”。
【技法点金】1. 牢记并列连词的基本含义and表并列或顺承, but表转折, or表选择, so表因果, for表因为, while表对比且含义为“而”。
2. 熟知常见的固定结构
【易错警示】混淆并列结构与定语从句①Life is full of various experiences and of ________some are unforgettable. ②(变式)Life is full of various experiences, of ________some are unforgettable. 答案: ①them ②which【剖析】 题①中and连接两个并列句, 故填them; 题②中空格处是“of +which”引导定语从句, 先行词是experiences。
【过关检测】1. (2018·浙江11月高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup __ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. 2. (2020·沈阳一模)Shortages in supply have resulted in rising pork prices since the beginning of the year, ___ prices have started to decline recently due to increased production. 3. (2020·驻马店一模)Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling __ in terms of general usage.
or
but
or
4. (2020·威海一模) We will be able to make the products we need in an efficient, responsible, ____ creative way. 5. (2020·蚌埠三模)We can’t solve all the problems of waste, _______ we can encourage mindfulness.
and
but/yet
【技法2】当空格需要填关系词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, the British Museum后是定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 指代先行词the British Museum, 应用关系代词which/that。2. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, artist后是定语从句, 从句中缺少paintings的定语, 应用关系代词whose。3. 【解析】where。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知, spot后是定语从句, 从句中缺少地点状语, 应用关系副词where。
【技法点金】1. 把握关系词选择技巧
2. as 和which的使用两注意※She has married again, as was expected. 正如预料的那样, 她又结婚了。※He broke the rules again, which was unexpected. 他又违规了, 这是意料之外的。
3. “介词+关系代词”的使用三规则
【易错警示】混淆定语从句的先行词①We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year. ②We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we will have a party for celebration. 答案: ①that/which ②when
【剖析】 题①中, 先行词为the sales targets, 从句中缺少set的宾语, 应用that或which引导定语从句; 题②先行词为month, 从句中缺少时间状语, 应用when引导定语从句。
【过关检测】1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she opened with her late husband Les. 2. (2018·天津高考)Kate, ______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters ____ had great experience with caring for these animals. 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
which
whose
who
which / that
5. (2020·济宁模拟)According to the World Hunger Education Service, recently the percentage of people ________ cannot get enough food chronically(长期地)has reduced from 34% to 15%. 6. (2020·烟台模拟)The sensors, ______ are 50 times thinner than a human hair, can be put into a wearable device, such as a watch, to allow people and their doctors to check their health regularly.
who/that
which
【技法3】当空格需要填名词性从句引导词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。介词on后是宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。2. 【解析】where。考查名词性从句。句意: 简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着, 根本不知道去往何方。根据句意和句子结构可知, 宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连接词, 故填where。3. 【解析】whether/if。考查名词性从句。句意: 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了, 我承认我还没有。whether/if是否, 引导宾语从句。
【技法点金】1.牢记连接词的基本用法2. 把握what引导名词性从句的意义表示“……的东西或事情”; 表示“……的样子或人”; 表示“……的数量或数目”; 表示“……的时间”; 表示“……的地方”。*A new building has been built in what used to be an old temple. 在过去是一座古庙的地方建了一座新建筑。
【易错警示】混淆名词性从句中的what和that①______ is even amazing is “the Rain of West Lake”, which is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain. ②(变式)It is even amazing ______“the Rain of West Lake” is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain. 答案: ①What ②that
【剖析】 题①中主语从句中缺少主语, 故用连接代词, 指代所发生的事, 填What; 题②中it为形式主语, ______ “the Rain of West Lake” is artificially recreated to bring out the charm of West Lake in the rain为真正主语, 且从句中不缺少句子成分, 故应用连接词that。
【过关检测】1. (2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn’t be ______we are now. 2. (2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ____we arrived. 3. (2020·烟台一模)Along with this, Max has traveled to Africa several times to donate equipment and coach the kids, developing Angels at Bat into _____it is today. 4. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____one can be entirely free from dust.
where
how
what
that
【技法4 】当空格需要填从属连词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】When/As。考查连词。这是一个主从复合句, 逗号前面是时间状语从句, 句子大概意思是: 当他问村民的时候, 他们指向江边, 应该用When或As引导。2. 【解析】that。考查固定句式。此处为so. . . that. . . 表示“如此……以至于……”, 引导结果状语从句。
【技法点金】明晰常考的从属连词(1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句; (2)before/after引导时间状语从句; (3)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句; (4)though/although引导让步状语从句; (5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句; (6)where/when 引导地点、时间状语从句; (7)whether. . . or. . . 引导让步状语从句。【点津】在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中, 一般来说, 从句是一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时。
【易错警示】混淆类似连词①She has watched TV for half an hour ______she reached home. ②(变式)She had a short rest and then watched TV______ she reached home. 答案: ①since ②after【剖析】 题①中主句时态为现在完成时, 要与since引导的时间状语连用; 题②中主句时态为一般过去时, 要与after引导的时间状语连用。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)Farming produced more food per person ____ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. 2. (2018·天津高考)Let’s not pick these peaches_____ this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten. 3. (2018·江苏高考)______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 4. An interesting story will never fade from my memory ________________I heard of it many years ago.
than
until
Unless
though / although
5. ______ you become queen of this country, you must rule it well, so that the people will live happily.
When
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·昆明三模)Up till now, the website has been continuously updated, ______ gives lovers of the ancient language from all over the world free access to browse (浏览)in their free time. 2. (2020·烟台一模)Then, inspired by his baseball coach, T. Williquette, and those ____ were active in charity, he decided to take action and help. 3. (2020·宁波模拟)There was no sign of rain, and the store was just around the corner, __ we went there without an umbrella.
新题精练·素养应用
which
who
so
4. (2020·驻马店模拟)Then the term, “autumn”, ______ was referred to the season between summer and winter, lasted for a couple of centuries. 5. (2020·大连一模)_____ they found was that expressing and receiving appreciation increased happiness for both sides. 6. (2020·大庆三模)The work that APOPO does is really important in spreading the fact ____ rats are not just a pest. 7. Not _____ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. 8. There, the insect has natural enemies ______existence helps to keep the fall armyworm population at acceptable levels.
which
What
that
until
whose
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 根据语境, 用适当的连词或关系词填空 The world is now fighting a war of a different kind. It’s against an unseen enemy, 1.______ has been named COVID-19 by the WHO. The virus causing this disease has spread widely 2. ____ quickly, leading to thousands of deaths. Scientists are creating vaccine(疫苗)to protect people against the virus. The Chinese people should be praised 3.________ they have made great contributions to the world. For the most part, they refused to panic. They’ve stayed home as much 4. __ possible, worn protective masks and washed their hands frequently and thoroughly. The government’s response has also been
which
and
because
as
calm and effective. They’ve kept every one informed about 5. _____ has been happening, 6. ____ many angels in white came to the front to be reversers (逆行者)7. ______ names will be remembered forever. The fight against the virus may continue for several more months 8. ___ it will eventually die out. 9. ______ the crisis fades, the world will learn cooperation and hope, not panic 10. __criticism, are the best way to face a common threat.
what
and
whose
but
When
or
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·青岛模拟) China has a very rich and brilliant tea culture. It is one of the most important parts of Chinese tradition. A small cup of tea contains the spirit and 1. __________(wise) of the Chinese people. It seems like the most 2. _________ (enjoy) thing to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day. Just like coffee, tea grown in different areas 3. __________ (have) different flavors. Some needs drinking with small and delicate tea cups, and some can 4. __________(drink) from a big bowl.
Chinese people believe tea needs drinking quietly, 5. __________ many of the tea shops are located in a corner of a Hutong, providing customers 6. __________ a very quiet and comfortable environment—but the fast pace of life sometimes doesn’t allow that. So there are tea shop owners who, just 7. __________ Starbucks does, locate their shops in the downtown area to provide service for quick customers. Take Heytea as an example. It was just a small tea shop 8. __________(locate) in a small lane in a small city of Guangdong Province in 2012. But in only 5 years, it 9. __________(expand) 83 stores over China, including big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for more than an hour fortheir tea is a common 10. __________(occur).
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国的茶文化。1. 【解析】wisdom。考查名词。句意: 一小杯茶包含着中国人的精神和智慧。wise在此处和spirit并列, 填名词形式, 故填wisdom。2. 【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。句意: 在安静的日子里喝杯茶似乎是最令人愉快的事情。此处用形容词作thing的定语, 故填enjoyable。3. 【解析】has。考查主谓一致。句意: 就像咖啡一样, 生长在不同地区的茶有不同的口味。本句为一般现在时, 主语是tea为单数, 故填has。4. 【解析】be drunk。考查被动语态。主语some和drink之间是被动关系, 放在can后面, 故填be drunk。
5. 【解析】so。考查连词。句意: 中国人认为茶需要安静地喝, 因此许多茶叶店都坐落在胡同的一个角落里。分析上下文可知, 前后为因果关系, 故填so。6. 【解析】with。考查固定搭配。provide. . . with. . . , 为固定搭配, 为……提供……, 故填with。7. 【解析】as。考查固定搭配。just as. . . , 为固定搭配, 正如……, 故填as。8. 【解析】located。考查非谓语动词。句意: 2012年, 它只是广东省一个小城市的一个小巷子里的一家小茶馆。locate在此句中作a small tea shop的后置定语, 两者之间是被动关系, 故填located。
9. 【解析】has expanded。考查动词时态。句意: 但在短短5年时间里, 它已经在中国扩张了83家门店, 包括像北京这样的大城市。根据句意, 此处应用现在完成时, 主语是it, 故填has expanded。10. 【解析】occurrence。考查名词。句意: 排一个多小时的队买他们店的茶是一种常见的现象。occur在此句中为名词作表语, 且common为形容词修饰名词。故填occurrence。
Passage 2 (2020·沈阳三模) The Chinese short track speed skating team swore to win more gold medals at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games as skaters started their training for the new season. “Our job is to fight to win more gold medals for our country. Empty talk is 1. __________(use). Only hard work will lead us to the victory, ” said China head coach Li Yan on Thursday. Short track speed skaters contributed 2. _________ 10 out of a total of 13 gold medals that Chinese athletes 3. __________(win) in the last five Winter Olympic Games, but at the World
Championships in 2019 they failed to win 4. __________ single title. “There is only one way to lose — that is to give up, ” she added. “I hope every skater can face the challenge and the test ahead with consistent hard work. ” Wu Dajing, 5. __________ had become the first Chinese male skater 6. __________(gain) a gold medal at Winter Olympic Games as he claimed the men’s 500 meters in PyeongChang, was looking forward to 7. __________(have) better performance in the next season after finishing runner-up in the last World Championships in Sofia in March. “It is 8. __________(nature) that sometimes you win and sometimes you don’t — this is sports, ” he said. “The only thing I want to do now is to focus on
my training and get 9. __________(well) prepared for the next season and 10. __________(hopeful) I can achieve better results. ”
【文章大意】随着中国短道速滑运动员开始新赛季的训练, 中国短道速滑队发誓将在2022年北京冬奥会上赢得更多金牌。1. 【解析】useless。考查词性转换。系动词is后应用形容词, 此处意为“空谈是无用的”, 应用useless。2. 【解析】to。考查介词。contribute to意为“对……有贡献, 有助于”, 固定搭配。3. 【解析】have won。考查时态。和时间状语in the last five Winter Olympic Games连用, 应用现在完成时。4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。根据single可知, 应用不定冠词a。
5. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 且先行词指人, 应用who引导定语从句。6. 【解析】to gain。考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰, 其后用不定式作定语。7. 【解析】having。考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事。8. 【解析】natural。考查词性转换。系动词is后应用形容词作表语。9. 【解析】better。考查比较级。根据下文的better可知, 此处应用比较级。10. 【解析】hopefully。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 作评注性的状语, 应用副词。
【加固训练】Passage 1 Generally we know a little about the western people and their ways of life. When the difference is 1. __________(wide)than our expectation, it becomes a cultural shock. Cultural 2. __________(shock)may come in different ways. Once my friend, 3. __________ businessman, after concluding the business with his suppliers in Hangzhou, 4. _________ (whisper)to me, “Do we have to dine(进餐)together with them?”I knew he was not sure of our dinner culture and reassured(使安心)him, “Yes, if you wish, 5. _________ not necessary. ”He did choose to dine
with the suppliers but I don’t think he enjoyed it. Hard as I tried 6. ________(focus)the dialogue on my friend, the suppliers always talked to me, 7. _______(leave)my friend seated there listening to a(n) 8. _______(relevant) conversation. People who are familiar 9. __________Chinese ways know Chinese people drink hot water, and always remind their friends not to drink 10. ________(direct)when they receive a cup of water. I, too, don’t take any chance, either ask my clients whether they need chilled water or normal or remind them the water might be hot. China is an open country now and the cultural exchange has been quite frequent over the last 30 years. Such cultural shocks are less and less shocking.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中西方的文化冲突。1. 【解析】wider。考查比较级。根据than可知, 此处应用比较级。2. 【解析】shocks。考查名词复数。泛指各种各样的文化冲击, 应用复数。3. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个商人, 应用不定冠词a。4. 【解析】whispered。考查时态。根据时间状语Once可知, 应用一般过去时。5. 【解析】but。考查连词。上下文之间是转折关系, 应用but。
6. 【解析】to focus。考查非谓语动词。try to do sth. 试图做某事。7. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。此处表示意料之中的结果, 应用现在分词。8. 【解析】irrelevant。考查词性转换。听无关的谈话, 应用irrelevant。9. 【解析】with。考查介词。be familiar with意为“熟悉……”。10. 【解析】directly。考查词性转换。修饰动词drink, 应用副词。
Passage 2 (2020·成都一模) As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters 1. __________ (gradual) become obvious, some local communities are taking action. Among them 2. ________(be) one community in Florida where local people and government officials are proving 3. __________ (success) in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea levels. The community has studied 4. __________ much sea levels will rise and has suggested ways to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government
to ban new developments on land near the coastline and recommended 5. __________ (build) sand dunes (沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group’s founders, 6. __________ (decide) to take action in 2008 after it became clear that her state’s 27 water authorities couldn’t agree on joint (联合的) action. While some Florida government officials are skeptical 7. ________the effects of climate change and the causes of environmental damage, the people living in these locations are certain of the need 8. __________ (protect) their communities. At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change
under a 9. __________(limit) budget is a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in 10. __________ end, but for now, quick thinking by local citizens is helping to secure the future.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了全球变暖对海平面的影响。1. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。修饰动词, 应用副词。2. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。由上下文可知此处应用一般现在时, 且本句是倒装句, be动词的形式要根据后 面的主语one community来确定, 应用第三人称单数形式。3. 【解析】successful。考查词性转换。prove为系动词, 其后应跟形容词作表语。4. 【解析】how。考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句, 意为“海平面会上升多少”, 应用how。
5. 【解析】building。考查非谓语动词。当recommend意为“建议”时, 其后可跟动词-ing形式或用于recommend sb. to do sth. 结构。6. 【解析】decided。考查时态。由“in 2008”可知, 此处所表示的动作发生在过去, 应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】about/of。考查介词。be skeptical about/of意为“对……表示怀疑”, 固定搭配。8. 【解析】to protect。考查非谓语动词。need作名词时, 其后常跟不定式作后置定语, 意为“……的需要”。9. 【解析】limited。考查词性转换。修饰名词budget, 应用形容词修饰。10. 【解析】the。考查冠词。in the end意为“最后, 终于”, 固定搭配。
专题能力提升练 二十三限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·青岛高三期末) As is known to all, a positive parent-child relationship is 1. __________(benefit) to the physical and mental 2. __________(grow) of children, but keeping a healthy parent-child bond 3. __________(need) the efforts of both parties.
专题能力提升练
Parents should take the responsibility 4. __________(improve) theirrelationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, 5. __________ tight their schedule is. For instance, they can eat 6. __________(meal) together, go to sporting events together or watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 7. __________ can contribute greatly to making their children feel safe and 8. __________(love). Children, on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 9. __________(do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 10. __________ a regular basis.
No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict. But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了如何维持健康的亲子关系。1. 【解析】beneficial。考查形容词。句意: 众所周知, 积极的亲子关系有利于儿童的身心成长, 但是保持亲子关系健康需要双方共同努力。be beneficial to固定短语, “对……有益”, 故填 beneficial 。2. 【解析】growth。考查名词。形容词修饰名词, 故填 growth 。
3. 【解析】needs。考查主谓一致。keeping a healthy parent-child bond是动名词短语, 作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 故填needs。4. 【解析】to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意: 父母应该担负起改善与子女关系的责任。此处不定式作定语, 故填 to improve 。5. 【解析】however。考查副词。句意: 重要的是与孩子共度美好时光, 不管他们的日程安排多么紧张。此处是however引导的让步状语从句, 故填 however 。6. 【解析】meals。考查名词。句意: 例如, 他们可以一起吃饭, 一起参加体育赛事, 或者一起看孩子们最喜欢的电视节目, 这使他们的孩子感到安全和被爱。meal是可数名词, 故填meals。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用关系代词which , 故填which。8. 【解析】loved。考查非谓语动词。句意: 这使他们的孩子感到安全和被爱。此处过去分词作表语, 故填loved。9. 【解析】have done。考查时态。句意: 另一方面, 孩子们应该让父母知道他们很感激父母为他们所做的一切。根据句意可知, 谓语动词用现在完成时, 故填have done 。10. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 如果可能的话, 他们可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物, 也可以定期帮父母做家务。on a regular basis固定短语, “经常地, 有规律地”, 故填on。
Passage 2 (2020·哈尔滨一模) Isabel Crook has been awarded the Friendship Medal for her great contributions to supporting China’s socialist modernization, promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and foreign countries, and safeguarding world peace. Born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province to a Canadian missionary(传教士) family in 1915, Isabel Crook came into the world during a time 1. _____ the first World War was underway in Europe and China’s last emperor Puyi was living
in the Forbidden City after being forced 2. __________ (step) down from the emperor’s chair three years earlier. While Crook’s parents were busy 3. _____ (set) up schools in China, Crook 4. _____(her) was more interested in many ethnic 5. _____ (minor) in China. As a foreign girl, she had every reason to be curious 6. _____ what was going on around her. At the age of 23, Crook graduated from a Canadian college with 7. _____ master’s degree and began carrying out field research in Sichuan Province. In 1947, Crook and her journalist husband 8. _____(welcome) by the Communist Party of China to study the revolutionary land reform taking place in China.
Eager to be part of the revolution after completing their study of the land reform, the couple accepted an invitation from CPC leaders to teach at a 9. __________ (new) established foreign affairs school in 1948. As a teacher she 10. _____(lay) the foundation for foreign language education in China in the 20th century. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在支持中国社会主义现代化建设、促进中外交流与合作、维护世界和平等方面作出了巨大贡献的Isabel Crook女士。
1. 【解析】when。考查定语从句。when引导定语从句, 修饰先行词time; 从句中缺少时间状语, 应用when引导。2. 【解析】to step。考查非谓语动词。be forced to do sth. 意为“被迫做某事”, 固定搭配。3. 【解析】setting。考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”, 固定搭配。4. 【解析】herself。考查词性转换。herself作主语Crook的同位语。5. 【解析】minorities。考查词性转换。形容词ethnic修饰名词, 且根据many可知, 此处应用名词复数。
6. 【解析】about。考查介词。be curious about 意为“对……好奇”, 固定搭配。7. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一个硕士学位, 应用不定冠词a。8. 【解析】were welcomed。考查时态和语态。welcome和主语Crook and her journalist husband之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。9. 【解析】newly。考查词性转换。修饰动词established, 应用副词。10. 【解析】laid。考查时态。谓语动词lay发生在过去, 应用一般过去时。
Passage 3 (2020·重庆二模) The International Olympic Committee took the extraordinary step Tuesday of 1. __________(postpone) the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, which 2. __________(schedule) to start on July 24, because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Just how extraordinary was the step? This marks the 3. (four) time since the first modern Olympics in 1896 that the Games have been affected 4. __________outside forces. The other three occasions were cancellations during the first and second World Wars. So this is the first time the Olympics
have been postponed, rather than 5. ________(cancel). “The Tokyo Olympics will still be held, ” Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo after a call with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach on 6. ________ matter. The IOC later said in a 7. __________(state) that the Games will be “rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not 8. __________(late) than 2021”!
This time around, it’s a pandemic(疫情), not a war, 9. ______ is changing the Olympics schedule. The IOC said that “The leaders agreed that the Olympic Games in Tokyo could stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these times and that the Olympic flame could become the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds 10. ______ (it) at present. ” 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了因为疫情, 2020年的东京奥运会被推迟。
1. 【解析】postponing。考查词性转换。介词of后应用动名词作宾语。2. 【解析】were scheduled。考查时态和语态。which指代前面的the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, 和谓语动词schedule之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。3. 【解析】fourth。考查序数词 。表示第四次。4. 【解析】by。考查介词。表示被动应用by连接。5. 【解析】canceled/cancelled。考查非谓语动词。rather than连接并列结构, 根据postponed可知, 应用过去分词。 6. 【解析】the。考查冠词。这里是特指这件事情, 用定冠词the。
7. 【解析】statement。考查词性转换。句意: 国际奥委会随后在一份声明中说道……8. 【解析】later。考查比较级。根据than可知, 应用比较级。9. 【解析】that。考查强调句。此处为强调句, 强调的是主语。【规律方法】判断强调句的方法把It is / was . . . that去掉, 重新排列一下句子, 如果句子仍然完整, 则为强调句, 反之, 则不是强调句, 那么关系词不一定是that, 需要根据情况去选择合适的引导词。10. 【解析】itself。考查词性转换。finds的宾语和主语指代同一事物, 应用反身代词作其宾语。
专题能力提升练 二十四限时25分钟Passage 1 (2020·山师大附中模拟) Qiang Shuping was so busy making cloth shoes 1. __________ she didn’t even rest during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday. The woman from Baipu County, Jiangsu Province, 2. __________(make) shoes since she was 19 years old, and this year marks her 31st year making cloth shoes. She spends the entire day in her tiny studio, which measures less than 10 square meters
altogether, filled with cloth shoes in 3. __________(variety) stages of completion. Nowadays, many stores make cloth shoes 4. __________(use) machines, but Qiang sticks to the technique of making shoes entirely 5. __________ hand. She says the shoes 6. __________(produce) by machine are not of the same quality as handmade ones. The handmade cloth shoes are more durable (耐用的) and comfortable, 7. __________(soft), and absorb sweat better.
Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia (怀旧), while 8. __________ trust their quality. Making shoes isn’t 9. __________ profitable job, but Qiangstill insists as she wants to preserve the craft and pass it down to the younger generation. Handmade cloth shoes are also called qian ceng di (shoes with a thousand layers), 10. __________ can date back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty. In 2009, the making technique of qian ceng di was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了强淑萍坚持手工做布鞋, 并介绍了布鞋的特点和历史。
1. 【解析】that。考查状语从句。句意: 强淑萍如此忙于制作布鞋以至于端午节假期都没休息。so. . . that. . . “如此……以至于……”是固定句型, 故填that。2. 【解析】has made/has been making。考查动词时态和主谓一致。据句子主语“The woman”可知, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数。根据时间状语“since she was 19 years old”可知, 此处可用现在完成进行时表示“做鞋”这一动作始于过去, 并持续到现在, 且现在还在进行; 此处也可用现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作。故填has made/has been making。3. 【解析】various。考查形容词。形容词作定语修饰名词stages, 故填various。
4. 【解析】using。考查非谓语动词。(use) machines作状语, use与其逻辑主语stores之间是主动关系, 现在分词作状语表示主动关系, 故填using。5. 【解析】by。考查固定短语。句意: 但是强淑萍坚持完全用手工做鞋。by hand“用手工”是常用词组, 故填by。6. 【解析】produced。考查非谓语动词用法。(produce) by machine作定语修饰shoes, shoes与produce之间是被动关系, 过去分词作定语表示被动关系, 故填produced。7. 【解析】softer。考查形容词。句意: 手工制作的布鞋比较耐用和舒适, 更柔软, 更吸汗。and连接并列成分, 此处连接作表语的比较级, 故填softer。
8. 【解析】others。考查代词。句意: 有些人买布鞋是出于怀旧, 而另一些人则相信它们的质量。句中some. . . others“一些人……另一些人”, 是常用表达, 根据语境可知, 故填others。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。不定冠词在句中泛指一份工作, 空白处后面的形容词profitable, 首字母发音是辅音音素, 故填a。10. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句中can date back to作定语修饰qian ceng di, 从句中作主语, 指物, 引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which, 故填which。
Passage 2 (2020·西安二模)Mask-Wearing, Common in Asia, Spreads in the West PARIS — Until a few weeks ago, Asian tourists were 1. _________only mask wearers in Paris, 2. __________ (cause) puzzlement or suspicion from French locals or even hostility as the 2019-nCoV began sweeping across Europe. Four days into a national lockdown to stem(阻止) the outbreak, the French government spokeswoman, Sibeth Ndiaye, warned that face masks were so 3. __________(familiar) that wearing them was too difficult technically and could
even be “counterproductive (适得其反)”. Even Thursday morning, when 4. __________ (ask) whether she wore a mask or made her children wear one, she said, “Oh, no, not at all. ” This taboo(禁忌) is falling fast, not only in France but across Western countries, after increasing 5. __________(cry) from experts who say the practice is effective in curbing the 2019-nCoV pandemic. The shift for Western nations is profound and has had to overcome not merely the logistical challenges of securing enough masks, which are significant enough, but also a deep 6. _________(culture) resistance and even
stigma (污名) associated with mask-wearing, 7. __________ some Western leaders described flatly as “alien”. 8. __________ (seem), it won’t be for much longer. After discouraging people from wearing face masks, France, like the United States, has begun urging its citizens 9. __________ (wear) basic or homemade ones outside. And some parts of Europe are moving faster than the United States by requiring masks instead 10. __________ simply recommending their use. 【文章大意】口罩禁忌正在迅速消失, 不仅是在法国, 在西方许多国家都是如此。
1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指“唯一的一批戴口罩的人”, 应用定冠词the。2. 【解析】causing。考查非谓语动词。表示意料之内的结果, 应用现在分词。3. 【解析】unfamiliar。考查词性转换。根据下文可知, 应是不熟悉口罩, 应用反义词。4. 【解析】asked。考查非谓语动词。ask和逻辑主语she之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。5. 【解析】cries。考查名词复数。根据increasing和from experts可知, 此处指多个呼吁, 应用复数。6. 【解析】cultural。考查词性转换。修饰名词resistance, 应用形容词。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词mask-wearing, 从句中缺少described的宾语, 应用which引导。8. 【解析】Seemingly。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 应用副词。9. 【解析】to wear。考查非谓语动词。urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事, 应用不定式作宾语补足语。10. 【解析】of。考查介词。instead of代替……, 固定搭配。
Passage 3 (2020·兰州二模) Wearing hanfu, 1. ________ traditional clothing of the Han ethnic group, has experienced a fashion revival(复兴) among young Chinese people in recent years, with more than 2 million 2. ________(consumer) of the domestic hanfu market, 3. ________ is worth around 1. 09 billion yuan, CCTV reported. As the number of people 4. ________(adopt) the ancient style of dress in modern times is expected 5. ________(grow), stores involved in the renting of hanfu are being set up across China. From April to August last year, the
number of stores for renting hanfu in Beijing 6. ________(rise) to more than 20 from the original four. The hanfu market has experienced a boom in both high-end customized clothing brands and more 7. ________(afford) options. Statistics coming 8. ________ a domestic e-commerce(国内电商) platform showed that hanfu priced at 100—300 yuan took more than 60 percent market share last year, while those priced over 500 yuan accounted for more than 30 percent. Last year, there were more than 2 million 9. ________(extreme) keen admirers of hanfu in China, according to a report by HanFu Information, a piece of data
10. ________(provide) for the platform. The average age of the admirers is 21, and some 88 percent of them are female. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了汉服在年轻人中的兴起现象及其发展趋势。1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指汉代传统服饰, 应用定冠词。2. 【解析】consumers。考查名词的复数。根据more than 2 million可知, 此处应用复数。3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文, 且从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which。
4. 【解析】adopting。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知adopt在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 且与people之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。5. 【解析】to grow。考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth. 表示“被期望做某事”, 后跟不定式。6. 【解析】rose。考查时态。rise在句中作谓语, 且根据前文last year可知应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】affordable。考查词性转换。修饰名词options应用形容词。
8. 【解析】from。考查介词。短语come from表示“来自”。9. 【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。修饰形容词keen应用副词。10. 【解析】provided。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知provide在句中是非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语data之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。
专题能力提升练 二十五限时25分钟Passage 1(2020·淄博一模) The Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA) was 1. __________(formal) opened on Sept. 25, 2019. Located around 46 km south of Tian’anmen Square, it was designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid. BDIA was listed 2. __________ the first of the “seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by the Guardian in 2015.
The new airport complex, consisting of a main terminal, a supporting service building and a parking lot, 3. __________(cover) an area of about 1. 4 million square metres. The starfish design is extremely space efficient, with 4. __________ journey of just 600 metres from security to the furthest gate. 5. __________ could be the most expected innovation at BDIA is its artificial intelligence. The airport 6. __________(set) up more than 400 self-service check-in machines already, which can 7. __________(short) passengers’ waiting time to about 10 minutes. Travelers can be scanned on cameras 8. __________(use) facial recognition. Counters can be fully automated to capture
(抓拍) face photos and relay 9. __________(they) during each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate. The Daxing airport—said to be the world’s largest terminal in a single building—is expected 10. __________(receive) nearly 170 million passengers by 2025. It will become a new transport hub for the greater Beijing region. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的开幕以及里面的科技设备——面部识别等信息。
1. 【解析】formally。考查副词。根据后面的动词“opened”可知, 此处应用副词修饰动词opened。故填formally。2. 【解析】as。考查介词。be listed as是固定短语, 意为“被列为, 被记录为”。故填as。3. 【解析】covers。考查动词和主谓一致。分析句子可知, 前面有非谓语动词consisting, 该句缺少谓语动词, 且主语“The new airport complex”是单数, 所以此处应用covers。故填covers。4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。分析句子可知, 此处泛指“一次旅程”, 且journey的读音是以辅音音素开头, 所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 【解析】What。考查主语从句。分析句子可知, 该句中谓语动词is前面的是主语, 所以空处引导主语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 所以应用what引导。故填What。6. 【解析】has set。考查时态。already是现在完成时的标志, 表明某件事情已经完成, 所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has set。7. 【解析】shorten。考查动词。助动词can后接动词原形, 所以此处应用short的动词形式shorten。故填shorten。8. 【解析】using。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用非谓语动词, 动词use与其逻辑主语travelers之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词。故填using。
9. 【解析】them。考查代词。动词relay后接代词的宾格形式, 所以此处用them。故填them。10. 【解析】to receive。考查动词不定式。expect to do sth. 是固定搭配, 意为“期望做某事”。故填to receive。
Passage 2 The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 1. _____ country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. __________(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into cumulonimbus clouds(积雨云). The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 3. _____ (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. _____ (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 5. _____ wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6. _____ (continue)
burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 7. __________(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. __________ (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 9. __________to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 10. __________ could have an effect on the planet’s climate. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年1月的澳大利亚森林大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。country为可数名词, 此处特指上文Australia, 应用定冠词。2. 【解析】sent。考查时态。根据后文and some smoke turned into cumulonimbus clouds可知, 此处应用一般过去时。3. 【解析】resulting。考查非谓语动词。result与逻辑主语clouds之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词形式。4. 【解析】are found。考查时态和语态。find和主语animals之间是被动关系, 且描述客观事实, 应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5. 【解析】to。考查介词。此处是do harm to, 意为“对……有害”, 是固定搭配。6. 【解析】to continue。考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth. 意为“预计做某事”, 后跟不定式。7. 【解析】regularly。考查词性转换。修饰动词happen, 应用副词。8. 【解析】worse。考查比较级。根据语境, 此处表示“更糟”, 应用比较级形式。9. 【解析】it。考查代词。make it to表示到达。10. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句, 修饰整个句子, 且从句中缺少主语, 应用关系代词which。
Passage 3(2020·烟台二模) People of all ages are concerned about the spread of the 2019-nCoV, and teenagers, as a group, tend to experience intense fearfulness. Accordingly, their growing anxiety should be taken into 1. __________ (consider) seriously. Adults can help by making sure teens don’t overestimate the dangers 2. __________ underestimate their ability to protect themselves.
Anxiety can be 3. __________ (health). But not all teens know that it typically acts 4. ________ a useful and protective emotion. Adults can encourage teenagers to channel their discomfort into useful action, such as learning about and following the 5. __________ (recommend) health guidelines. We can also remind teenagers that we wash our hands and follow other health recommendations not only 6. ________ (protect) ourselves, but also to help to ease the stress. Adults can note that 7. ________ (make) personal sacrifices(牺牲)—such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we’re not feeling well—helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.
Teenagers who are feeling 8. __________ (high) anxious about COVID-19 should 9. ________(encourage) to take a break from seeking, or even accidentally encountering, information about the virus. 10. __________ we can do is to encourage finding distractions, such as doing their homework or watching a favorite show, to protect them from noticing the increasing virus figures. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了如何处理青少年因疫情带来的焦虑。
1. 【解析】consideration。考查词性转换。介词into后应用名词。take sth. into consideration意为“把某事考虑进去”。2. 【解析】or。考查连词。否定句中用or表示并列。3. 【解析】healthy。考查词性转换。作系动词be的表语, 应用形容词。4. 【解析】as。考查介词。act as意为“担当”, 是固定搭配。5. 【解析】recommended。考查非谓语动词。recommend和health guidelines之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。6. 【解析】to protect。考查非谓语动词。不定式表示目的。
7. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。动名词短语作主语。8. 【解析】highly。考查词性转换。修饰形容词anxious, 应用副词。9. 【解析】be encouraged。考查语态。encourage和主语Teenagers之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。10. 【解析】What。考查名词性从句。What we can do是主语从句, 从句中缺少do的宾语, 应用what引导。
专题能力提升练 二十六限时25分钟Passage 1 (2020·聊城二模) Most Chinese people are familiar with shadow puppetry (皮影戏). Thinking about shadow puppetry, they are reminded of their experience of watching shadow plays in some temple fairs 1. ____ they were little. But now, one can enjoy a whole shadow show just by 2. __________ (put) on a Virtual Reality (VR) headset. “We’ve been looking for a connection between traditional art and
modern technology, ” said the VR game 3. ____(design) Zhang Qing. Shadow puppetry is a Chinese folk art 4. ____ (know) for its unique storytelling techniques, 5. ____ dates from 2, 000 years ago. However, since films and TV series 6. ____ (be) major entertainment options nowadays, shadow plays are in decline. To revive the ancient art via VR, Zhang visited puppeteers at Houma city in north China’s Shanxi Province where shadow puppetry once 7. ________ (boom). A puppeteer Zhu Chao said that he only gets to perform five or six times a year and the art is far 8. ____ its peak. Zhu
hopes that the combination with new technology VR can attract 9. (many) young people and pass down this ancient art as it is 10. __________ (gradual) fading away. Zhang said. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了皮影戏与VR技术相结合。1. 【解析】when。考查连词。when引导时间状语从句。2. 【解析】putting。考查非谓语动词。by doing sth. 通过做某事, 介词by后应用动名词。3. 【解析】designer。考查词性转换。Zhang Qing是设计师。
4. 【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。know和逻辑主语art之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 先行词指物, 应用which引导。6. 【解析】are。考查主谓一致。since引导的原因状语从句中, be作谓语, 且表述的是现在的事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语films and TV series是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。7. 【解析】boomed。考查时态。根据once可知, where引导的定语从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。8. 【解析】from。考查介词。far from意为“远非……”。
9. 【解析】more。考查比较级。此处指借用现代科技, 可以让更多年轻人了解并喜欢上这门传统非遗技艺, 应用比较级。10. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。修饰动词fading, 应用副词。
【知识拓展】皮影戏 皮影戏(Shadow Puppetry), 又称“影子戏”或“灯影戏”, 是一种用以兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影来表演故事的民间戏剧。表演时, 艺人们在白色幕布后面, 一边操纵影人, 一边用当地流行的曲调讲述故事, 同时配以打击乐器和弦乐, 有浓厚的乡土气息。其流行范围极为广泛, 并因各地所演的声腔不同而形成多种多样的皮影戏。皮影戏是中国民间古老的传统艺术, 老北京人都叫它“驴皮影”。据史书记载, 皮影戏始于西汉, 兴于唐朝, 盛于清代, 元代时期传至西亚和欧洲, 可谓历史悠久, 源远流长。
Passage 2(2020·山东省实验中学模拟) Tang Tianyuan from Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region was viewed as a lucky dog, for he succeeded 1. __________ building a business based on a passion.
Tang, 2. __________ majored in ceramics (制陶艺术)and decorative sculpture design at college, set up a workshop after his studies to make Ningxi pottery, which is considered one of the top four 3. __________(variety) of pottery in China. 4. __________(initial), the pottery business was hard, as he had to make pottery himself while also 5. __________(take) care of management and sales. But the past five years of effort have earned him many more orders, 6. __________(compare) to none at the very beginning.
Up to now, 7. __________ 28-year-old has been engaged in making Ningxipottery for nine years, and the most impressive thing for Tang is the happiness he 8. __________(achieve). He said that 9. __________ was worthwhile starting a business based on his own interest that could support himself as well as gain public 10. ________(recognize). 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一名把制作宁溪陶艺作为自己事业的大学毕业生——唐天元。虽然创业的道路很艰苦, 但他因为在此过程中的收获而感到幸福。
1. 【解析】in。考查介词。此处是固定短语succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事”, 故填in。2. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词, 先行词Tang在从句中充当主语, 指人, 应用关系代词who, 故填who。3. 【解析】varieties。考查名词的数。variety“种类”是可数名词, 根据four判断此处用该词的复数形式, 故填varieties。4. 【解析】Initially。考查副词。分析句子可知, 此处应用副词作状语修饰后面整个句子, 故填Initially。
5. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词和while一起构成时间状语, 逻辑主语he和take之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词, 故填taking。6. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知, 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, 逻辑主语orders和compare之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词, 故填compared。7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 到目前为止, 这个28岁的年轻人已经从事制作宁溪陶艺九年了, 令他印象最深刻的事是他所获得的幸福。根据句意可知, 此处特指Tang Tianyuan这个28岁的年轻人, 应用定冠词, 故填the。
8. 【解析】has achieved。考查时态。分析句子可知, 此处是定语从句的谓语动词, 根据句意和语境判断此处是现在完成时, 主语he是第三人称单数, 应用has done形式, 故填has achieved。9. 【解析】it。考查代词。句意: 他说把事业建立在能够养活自己并获得公众的认可的兴趣上是值得的。根据句意和句子结构可知, 此处应填代词it作为形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。故填it。10. 【解析】recognition。考查名词。分析句子可知, 此处应填名词作为动词gain的宾语, “认可”是抽象名词, 不可数, 故填recognition。
Passage 3(2020·许昌二模) In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Nanhu Lake was a scenic wonderland in Yunnan Province. In order to get an 1. __________(office) rank, a scholar named Yang studied hard on an island in the middle of the lake, with one stone bridge linked to the bank. His wife sent 2. _____ (meal) to him every day. She usually made chicken soup with some rice noodles, meat and vegetables. Because of the great distance, when she got there, the food 3. _____ (become)cold and unappetizing.
One day, she cooked the food in a heated earthen pot. And she was so surprised 4. _____ (find) that the food was still hot when she got to the island. After 5. _____ careful study, she found two secrets: there was thick chicken oil on the surface of the soup and the earthen pot did not 6. __________(ready) conduct heat. As a result, the heat of the soup 7. _____ (preserve) well. Since then, the scholar became 8. __________ (healthy)and more hardworking. Finally he succeeded in a government examination. He treated his fellow scholars 9. _____the rice noodles with chicken soup. They praised it
repeatedly and asked 10. _____ the splendid meal was. Thinking of the stone bridge she crossed every day, the wife blurted out (脱口而出) “crossing-over bridge rice noodles”. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了过桥米线的由来。1. 【解析】official。考查词性转换。修饰名词rank, 应用形容词。2. 【解析】meals。考查名词复数。根据常识可知, 送的饭菜不止一次, 应用复数。3. 【解析】became。考查时态。讲述的是过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。
4. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后应用不定式作原因状语。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指一次研究, 应用不定冠词。6. 【解析】readily。考查词性转换。修饰动词conduct, 应用副词。7. 【解析】was preserved。考查时态和语态。preserve和主语the heat之间是被动关系, 且发生在过去, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。8. 【解析】 healthier。考查比较级。根据more hardworking可知, 应用比较级。
9. 【解析】to。考查介词。treat sb. to sth. 意为“招待某人吃(喝、玩等)”, 是固定搭配。10. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。asked后是宾语从句, 从句中缺少was的表语, 应用what引导。
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