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2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型二自由类填空第4讲冠词介词和代词课件20210223153
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型二自由类填空第4讲冠词介词和代词课件20210223153，共55页。PPT课件主要包含了技法探究·素养提升，the， for，for，新题精练·素养应用， to， it，within， by，with等内容，欢迎下载使用。
空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义, 或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时, 则空格处一般填冠词。
【技法1】当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意“我们以为这是一个玩笑”, 以及jke为可数名词, 可知用不定冠词。2. 【解析】the。考查定冠词。the past 25 years 意为“过去的25年”, 此处特指过去的25年。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the first第一个人或事物。序数词前应用定冠词the。
【技法点金】1. 明晰冠词的解题思路
2. 牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配①含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest(休息); have a break(休息); take a walk(散步); have a lk(看一看); in a mment(立刻); in a minute(马上); nce upn a time(曾经); twice a week(一周两次); a type f(一种); a pile f(一堆); a great amunt f(大量的); as a result(结果); in a hurry(立刻); in a wrd(总之); have a gd knwledge f(了解) 等。
②含有定冠词的固定搭配make the mst f (充分利用); in the daytime (白天); in the end (最后); in the habit f (有……习惯); nt in the least(nt at all) (一点也不); in the distance (在远处); in the way(挡道); n the whle(总之); n the right/left (在右/左边); at the same time(同时); at the mment (此时); n the spt (当场); g t the cinema/theatre (去看电影); t tell the truth(说实话); g t the dctr’s (去看病); fr the time being (暂时); n the radi/phne (通过无线电广播/广播电话); by the way(顺便说一下)等。
【易错警示】特指泛指辨不清, 冠词误用Of the tw apples, I prefer ①__________ bigger ne. It is ② mst delicius ne, I think. 答案: ①the ②a【剖析】 题①特指两个苹果中较大的那个, 应用定冠词the; 题②泛指一个非常可口的苹果, 应用不定冠词a。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)Then, with ___ rise f science, changes began. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. 2. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ___ tp f her lungs. 3. They either made equipment themselves r had t share ___ very few items they had amng all the children. 4. (2020·潍坊模拟)The Rmans had __ preference fr standardizatin whenever they culd.
5. (2020·日照模拟) Shenquan Guyu, a large-scale health and leisure village club, cvers ___ area f mre than 4, 000 acres in Yangga Cunty, Datng city in Nrth China’s Shanxi Prvince, 6. (2020·邹城模拟) On May 28th, we bserve Wrld Hunger Day. It is an effrt t fcus attentin n ___ fact that despite there being enugh fd glbally, sme 21, 000 peple die every day frm hunger.
【技法2】当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时, 其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
1. 【解析】n。考查介词。根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填n。2. 【解析】fr。考查介词。根据句意“为得到人们的空闲时间和钱, 博物馆要和其他娱乐活动竞争”可知表示目的, 故填入介词fr。3. 【解析】with。考查介词。be assciated with是固定搭配, 表示“和……有联系”。
【技法点金】 牢记常考介词构成的短语1. 由at构成的短语 at dawn/sunrise/nn/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏; at table/cllege吃饭、上大学; at last最后; at a time一次; at times有时候; at the same time同时; at all csts不惜一切代价; at least至少; at the thught/sight f一想到/一看到; at hme在家; at risk冒险; at ne time曾经; at present目前; at first最初; at mst至多
2. 由by构成的短语by accident/chance偶然; by turns轮流; by check用支票; by mistake错误地; by n means决不; by e-mail通过电子邮件; by birth出身; by means f借助……手段; by the way顺便说一句 3. 由frm构成的短语 frm memry凭记忆; frm day t day日复一日; frm nw n 从现在起; frm bad t wrse越来越糟; frm beginning t end 从头到尾; frm time t time时不时地
4. 由in构成的短语in high/pr/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差; in tears热泪盈眶; in fear在恐惧中; in danger在危险中; in peace和平相处; in surprise惊讶地; in truble陷入困境; in safety很安全; in need有需要; in gd rder很整齐; in silence静静地; in dubt有疑问; in a sense从某种意义上来说; in flwer开花; in advance事先; in the meantime同时; in case假使; in case f如果发生; in fact实际上; in general一般说来; in turn 轮流; in public公开地; in shrt总之; in ne’s pinin在某人看来; in n time立刻; in all总共; in brief简而言之; in gd cnditin状况好; in rder井井有条; in ther wrds换句话说; in return作为报答; in the curse f在……过程中; in the end最后; in the lng run从长远来看
5. 由n构成的短语 n bard乘(车, 飞机); n duty值班; n fire着火; n earth到底; n hliday/vacatin度假; n strike罢工; n shw在上映; n (the) average平均; n purpse故意地; n the cntrary相反; n the way t在途中; n ft步行; n hire雇用; n business出差; n sale在出售/在打折; n a visit在访问; n the spt当场; n the phne在打/接电话; n time准时
6. 由f构成的短语①f+抽象名词=形容词②f+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词如It is f great/much value. =It is very valuable. ③f+n+抽象名词=nt+形容词如It is f n use. =It is nt useful. =It is useless.
7. 由ut f构成的短语 ut f breath气喘吁吁; ut f cntrl失去控制; ut f danger脱险; ut f wrk失业; ut f date过时; ut f fashin不时尚; ut f rder发生故障; ut f reach拿不到; ut f tuch失去联系; ut f the questin不可能; ut f questin没问题
【易错警示】逻辑不清, 介词误用①When I was a cllege student, ur English prfessr left a deep impressin ________me. ②When I was a cllege student, ur English prfessr left a deep impressin ________being a kind man. 答案: ①n ②f【剖析】 题①意为“给我留下了深刻的印象”, 应用介词n; 题②意为“给人亲切的印象”, 应用介词f。
【过关检测】1. (2020·浙江高考)Sme time after 10, 000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived __, thrugh agriculture. 2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __ dgs, seven t be exact. 3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I was searching____ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving.
4. (2020·泰安模拟)Lei began t read bks related t ancient pems at bkstres r libraries in his spare time, since the wages he earned were nt high enugh ___ him t buy many. 5. (2020·济宁模拟) Over the past decade, a glbal push t reduce hunger and extreme pverty has marked sme significant successes, partly thanks __ the effrts f many internatinal rganizatins.
【技法3】当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
1. 【解析】it。考查代词。it作形式主语, 不定式t eat ut为真正的主语。2. 【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的run。
【技法点金】1. 熟记不定代词的区别
2. 牢记代词it的常考用法①指代天气、时间、距离等。②代替上文提到过的事物。③代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。④代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。⑤it的常用固定句型·It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他·It+be+adj. +f/fr sb. t d sth. ·It is n gd/n use/useless/a waste f time ding sth. ·It is a pity/a fact/n wnder/adj. +that. . .
·It seems/appears/turned ut/ccurred t sb. +that. . . ·It is said/reprted/believed. . . +that. . . ·It takes sb. sme time/mney t d sth. ·主语+think/believe/suppse/cnsider/make/keep. . . +it+补语+t d sth. /that. . . ·主语+like/hate/lve/appreciate. . . +it+从句
【易错警示】混淆代词, 指代错误①They take their dgs fr walks and give ________gd fd and medical care. ②They take their dg fr walks and give ________gd fd and medical care. 答案: ①them ②it【剖析】 题①指代的是dgs, 应用人称代词them; 题②指代的是dg, 应用人称代词it。
【过关检测】1. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25, 000 peple were using __ every day. 2. (2020·昆明三模) __ tk him seven years t scan the characters in Chinese ancient bks. 3. If yu pick ne and put __ in yur muth, yu will surely never frget the wnderful taste prduced by the burning sun and the desert wind f suthern Xinjiang.
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·驻马店模拟)The English phrase had true meaning f the seasn withut leading___ any cnfusin. 2. (2020·大连一模)Peple’s self-cnsciusness (自我意识) ften made__ less pssible fr them t express their appreciatin. 3. (2020·宁波模拟)It seemed that the streets wuld be flded with water _____ ____minutes.
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 根据语境, 用适当的介词、冠词、代词填空 China says millins 1. ___ legal cases are nw being decided by “(Internet curts” that d nt require citizens t appear in curt. The “smart curt” includes nn-human judges pwered 2.___artificial intelligence, r AI. China’s first Internet curt was established in the easterncity f Hangzhu in was designed t ease the wrkladf humans and imprve the speed and effectiveness f 4.___ legalprcess.Curt fficials say that althugh virtual judges are used,human judges bserve the prcess and can make majr rulings. The Internet curt in Hangzhu nly deals 5. ____ cases invlving legal
disputes ver digital matters. These include Internet trade issues, cpyrightcases and disputes 6. ____ nline prduct sales. Digital curt cases in China have seen 7. __ sharp increase in recent years, as the number f mbile payments and Internet-based businesses has grwn. The grwth is tied t China’s huge number f Internet users—abut 850 millin. Hangzhu has set 8. ___ example 9. ______us, and sme ther cities are als experimenting with 10.____ pssibility f Internet curts. In the near future we can expect the curt will be changed cnsiderably.
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·威海模拟) Happiness is like a small stne 1. __________(drp) int a pl t cause a circle f ripples. 2. __________ Stevensn has said, being happy is a duty. There is n exact definitin f the wrd “happiness”. Happy peple are happy 3. __________ all srts f reasns. The key is nt wealth r physical well-being, since we find 4. __________(hme) peple, disabled peple and s-called lsers are extremely happy.
Being happy is a srt f unexpected gain. But staying happy is 5. _______accmplishment, a success f sul and character. Actually it is nt selfish t strive fr it. It is, indeed, a duty t urselves and thers. Being unhappy is like an infectius disease. It causes peple 6. _______ (stay) away frm the sufferer. He sn finds himself alne. There is, hwever, a cure fr it: if yu dn’t feel happy, pretend t be. It wrks. Befre lng yu will find that instead f repelling peple, yu attract them. Yu will discver 7. __________ deeply rewarding it is t be the center f wider and wider circles f gd will. Then the make-believe becmes a 8. __________(real). Yu becme really happy.
Being happy, nce it is recgnized as a duty and develps int a habit, 9. _______(pen) drs int amazing gardens which are full f 10. __________ (thank)friends.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了幸福快乐的定义。“幸福”这个词没有确切的定义。快乐的人因为各种各样的原因而快乐。而快乐, 一旦被认为是一种责任, 并发展成一种习惯, 就会打开大门, 进入充满感恩的朋友的奇妙花园。1. 【解析】drpped。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知drp在句中作非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语stne构成被动关系, 故用过去分词。故填drpped。2. 【解析】As。考查连接词。句意: 正如Stevensn所说, 快乐是一种责任。此处为方式状语从句, 表示“正如”应用as, 句首字母要大写。故填As。3. 【解析】fr。考查介词。短语be happy fr表示“为……而感到高兴”。故填fr。
4. 【解析】hmeless。考查形容词。修饰后文名词peple应用形容词hmeless, 表示“无家可归的人”。故填hmeless。5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。accmplishment为可数名词, 此处表泛指应用不定冠词, 且accmplishment的发音为元音音素开头。故填an。6. 【解析】t stay。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它使人们远离患者。短语cause sb. t d sth. 表示“使某人做某事; 导致某人做某事”, 后跟不定式。故填t stay。7. 【解析】hw。考查连接词。句意: 你会发现成为越来越广泛的善意圈子的中心是多么值得的。此处为感叹句, 感叹后文副词deeply应用hw。故填hw。8. 【解析】reality。考查名词。根据上文冠词a可知应填单数名词。故填reality。
9. 【解析】pens。考查主谓一致。句意: 快乐, 一旦被认为是一种责任, 并发展成一种习惯, 就会打开大门, 进入充满感恩的朋友的奇妙花园。本句主语为Being happy, 且描述客观事实用一般现在时, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填pens。10. 【解析】thankful。考查形容词。修饰后文名词friends应用形容词thankful, 表示“感激的”。故填thankful。
Passage 2(2020·合肥模拟) The game f G (围棋) is an imprtant bard game with rigins in China frm mre than 2, 500 years ag. In China, G 1. ________(recgnize) as “hand cnversatins” as well, thrugh which players cmmunicate with each ther. 2. ________ ther wrds, they “talk” thrugh the placing f pieces n the bard. The metaphr (暗喻) first 3. _________ (use) by Zhi Dalin, reflects the nature f the game. While schlars f his time ften lst 4. _________ (they) in philsphical (哲学的) debates n life and universe, he preferred t play G, 5. _________ he believed was full f hws and whys f life.
Master G players ften feel as if they were playing a real-life game; smetimes ne can mve frward, while at ther times, ne must slw dwn; smetimes ne can 6. _______ (direct) face the challenger, at ther times ne must take an indirect apprach. Apprpriate placement f each tiny G piece is similar t 7. _______ ne might slve a difficult prblem f life. The purpse f 8. _______ (play) G is nt just t win but als, mre imprtantly, t seek 9. _______ (wisdm) thrugh the prcess. The players unite with each ther n the bard. Instead f fighting as 10. _______ (enemy), they cperate t play a gd game. One thughtless mve culd ruin the enjyment.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了下围棋这项游戏。下围棋的过程是双方合作的过程, 也反映了人的智慧。1. 【解析】is recgnized。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 此处表示“围棋被认为是手谈”, G和recgnize之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 此处为一般性描述, 应用一般现在时, 且主语G为第三人称单数, 故填is recgnized。2. 【解析】In。考查介词。in ther wrds为固定搭配, 意为“换句话说”。3. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知, 主语The metaphr和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故此处用过去分词作定语。
4. 【解析】themselves。考查词性转换。此处表示“尽管与他同时代的有学问的人都沉迷于人生和宇宙的哲学辩论上”。lse neself in意为“沉迷于……”。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 先行词为“G”, 故用which。6. 【解析】directly。考查词性转换。此处修饰动词face应用副词directly。7. 【解析】hw。考查连接词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导宾语从句, 作介词t的宾语, 空处在从句中作方式状语, 故用hw。8. 【解析】playing。考查非谓语动词。介词f后面要用动名词, 故填playing。9. 【解析】wisdm。考查词性转换。动词seek后面缺少宾语, 故填名词wisdm。
10. 【解析】enemies。考查名词复数。根据空后的they可知, 此处要用名词的复数形式。
Passage 3(2020·平凉二模) We Lve Reading is a prgramme that 1. __________(plant) the lve f reading within children. It fcuses n training adults, mst f 2. __________ are lcal vlunteers, t hld read-alud sessins in public spaces in their neighbrhds where bks are 3. __________ (rutine) read alud and exchanged with children. Research has shwn that 80% f children wh attend We Lve Reading read-alud sessins have seen the 4. _________(attract)f reading bks, and are mre willing 5. __________ (g)back t schl because they assciate
reading 6. ________ enjyment. They are mre empathetic (产生共鸣的) because they learn abut ther cultures and peple, and as 7. ____________cnsequence perfrm better at schl and becme mre 8. _____________(cnfidence). We Lve Reading has als influenced parent-child relatinships by 9. __________(build) bridges f understanding and cmmunicatin between the tw generatins thrugh reading. We Lve Reading is effective and able t cntinue fr a lng time because it 10. __________(manage) and wned by lcal vlunteers. They are part f the cmmunity and knw when and where is best t read t children.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了电视节目We Lve Reading。1. 【解析】plants。考查时态和主谓一致。that引导的是定语从句, that在从句中作主语, 指代的是a prgramme; 谓语动词plant表述的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数形式, 谓语动词应用单数。2. 【解析】whm。考查定语从句。mst f whm引导的是定语从句, 先行词adults指人, 关系代词在介词后, 应用whm。3. 【解析】rutinely。考查词性转换。修饰动词read, 应用副词。4. 【解析】attractin。考查词性转换。冠词the后应用名词。5. 【解析】t g。考查非谓语动词。be willing t d sth. 乐意做某事, 应用不定式。
6. 【解析】with。考查介词。assciate . . . with. . . 把……和……联系起来, 固定搭配。7. 【解析】a。考查冠词。as a cnsequence结果, 固定搭配。8. 【解析】cnfident。考查词性转换。系动词becme后应用形容词作表语。9. 【解析】building。考查非谓语动词。by ding sth. 通过做某事, 介词by后应用动名词。10. 【解析】is managed。考查时态和语态。manage和it之间是被动关系, 且讲的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的被动语态。
【加固训练】Passage 1(2020·哈尔滨二模) While wearing high heels (高跟鞋) in the wrkplace is seen as cmpulsry fr female wrkers in many Japanese cmpanies, an airline has rlled ut 1. __________ new unifrm plicy allwing wmen t chse shes that 2. _________(well) fit their needs. Starting next April, female flight attendants wrking fr Japan Airlines (JAL) 3. __________(require) t wear high heels n lnger, accrding t The Paper.
JAL is the first emplyer in the cuntry 4. __________ (stp) the “high heels” rule in the wrkplace since the start f the KuT campaign. The campaign, 5. __________ was launched by Yumi Ishikawa, a Japanese actress and mdel, called n Japanese cmpanies t stp frcing their female emplyees t wear high heels. In Japan, wmen are required t wear high heels in the wrkplace 6. ________ a heel height usually ranging frm 5 t 7 centimeters, with n 7. ________(except) fr pregnant wmen. 8. ________is “a frm f sexism(性别歧视)”, accrding t Ishikawa, 9. ________(reflect) that wmen’s appearance is mre imprtant than men’s in the wrkplace. 10. __________ KuT was
launched, many sympathetic wmen have viced their cncerns abut damage caused by high heels, including bruised (青肿的) tes and backaches. As wmen fight fr greater equality at wrk, ablishing cmpulsry high heels fr flight attendants culd nly be the start.
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一项新的制服政策, 应用不定冠词a。2. 【解析】best。考查最高级。表示“最适合她们需求的”, 应用最高级。3. 【解析】will be required。考查时态和语态。谓语动词require和主语attendants之间是被动关系, 且表示将来的动作, 应用一般将来时的被动语态。4. 【解析】t stp。考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰时, 其后应用不定式作定语。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词the campaign, 从句中缺少主语, 应用which引导。6. 【解析】with。考查介词。with复合结构作heels的定语。
7. 【解析】exceptin。考查词性转换。n是形容词, 其后需要跟名词。8. 【解析】It。考查代词。it指代上文中的规定。9. 【解析】reflecting。考查非谓语动词。reflect与主语之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。10. 【解析】Since。考查连词。根据主句中的have viced可知, 应用since引导时间状语从句。
Passage 2 WeChat, ne f the wrld’s mst ppular mbile apps and scial netwrks, brught hme iF Gld Award fr its smart retail innvatin, Scan & G. It is 1. ________ first ever Chinese prduct t win gld in the iF Service Design categry. Scan & G enables shppers at retail stres t turn2. ________(they) mbile phnes int a virtual checkut cunter. When shpping, custmers use their mbile phnes 3. ________ (scan) prduct barcdes, view prduct infrmatin, get discunts, cmplete self-checkut, and pay 4. ________ (direct) within the app via WeChat Pay. There is n queuing up at the cash register.
“This cncept 5. ________(shw) a custmer-centric scan-and-g-slutin fr an ptimized(充分利用的) shpping and retail cntext. All standards f the gd user experience 6. __________(meet) in this service design, including tuchless access, efficiency r ease-f-use in scanning f market prducts and the final payment and checkut. This is user-friendly design at its 7. ________(gd), ” says iF Gld Award in its Gld Statement t Scan & G. Accrding t statistics, sales during peak hurs in 8. ________(traditin) supermarkets accunt fr 60% f ttal turnver, and 9. ________average custmers spend three t five minutes n queuing and payment during peak hurs.
With Scan & G, custmers n lnger have t queue, and the payment time10. ________(shrten) t ne minute.
【文章大意】作为世界上最受欢迎的手机应用软件和社交网络之一, 微信因其巧妙的零售创新设计“扫码购”而获得iF设计金奖。 1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词the。2. 【解析】their。考查代词。指代上文中的shppers, 并作mbile phnes的定语, 应用形容词性物主代词their。3. 【解析】t scan。考查非谓语动词。use sth. t d sth. 用……做某事。4. 【解析】directly。考查词形变换。修饰动词pay应用副词。5. 【解析】shws。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知, shw作谓语, 表示的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时; 主语This cncept是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用单数。
空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义, 或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时, 则空格处一般填冠词。
【技法1】当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意“我们以为这是一个玩笑”, 以及jke为可数名词, 可知用不定冠词。2. 【解析】the。考查定冠词。the past 25 years 意为“过去的25年”, 此处特指过去的25年。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the first第一个人或事物。序数词前应用定冠词the。
【技法点金】1. 明晰冠词的解题思路
2. 牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配①含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest(休息); have a break(休息); take a walk(散步); have a lk(看一看); in a mment(立刻); in a minute(马上); nce upn a time(曾经); twice a week(一周两次); a type f(一种); a pile f(一堆); a great amunt f(大量的); as a result(结果); in a hurry(立刻); in a wrd(总之); have a gd knwledge f(了解) 等。
②含有定冠词的固定搭配make the mst f (充分利用); in the daytime (白天); in the end (最后); in the habit f (有……习惯); nt in the least(nt at all) (一点也不); in the distance (在远处); in the way(挡道); n the whle(总之); n the right/left (在右/左边); at the same time(同时); at the mment (此时); n the spt (当场); g t the cinema/theatre (去看电影); t tell the truth(说实话); g t the dctr’s (去看病); fr the time being (暂时); n the radi/phne (通过无线电广播/广播电话); by the way(顺便说一下)等。
【易错警示】特指泛指辨不清, 冠词误用Of the tw apples, I prefer ①__________ bigger ne. It is ② mst delicius ne, I think. 答案: ①the ②a【剖析】 题①特指两个苹果中较大的那个, 应用定冠词the; 题②泛指一个非常可口的苹果, 应用不定冠词a。
【过关检测】1. (2020•浙江高考)Then, with ___ rise f science, changes began. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. 2. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ___ tp f her lungs. 3. They either made equipment themselves r had t share ___ very few items they had amng all the children. 4. (2020·潍坊模拟)The Rmans had __ preference fr standardizatin whenever they culd.
5. (2020·日照模拟) Shenquan Guyu, a large-scale health and leisure village club, cvers ___ area f mre than 4, 000 acres in Yangga Cunty, Datng city in Nrth China’s Shanxi Prvince, 6. (2020·邹城模拟) On May 28th, we bserve Wrld Hunger Day. It is an effrt t fcus attentin n ___ fact that despite there being enugh fd glbally, sme 21, 000 peple die every day frm hunger.
【技法2】当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时, 其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
1. 【解析】n。考查介词。根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填n。2. 【解析】fr。考查介词。根据句意“为得到人们的空闲时间和钱, 博物馆要和其他娱乐活动竞争”可知表示目的, 故填入介词fr。3. 【解析】with。考查介词。be assciated with是固定搭配, 表示“和……有联系”。
【技法点金】 牢记常考介词构成的短语1. 由at构成的短语 at dawn/sunrise/nn/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏; at table/cllege吃饭、上大学; at last最后; at a time一次; at times有时候; at the same time同时; at all csts不惜一切代价; at least至少; at the thught/sight f一想到/一看到; at hme在家; at risk冒险; at ne time曾经; at present目前; at first最初; at mst至多
2. 由by构成的短语by accident/chance偶然; by turns轮流; by check用支票; by mistake错误地; by n means决不; by e-mail通过电子邮件; by birth出身; by means f借助……手段; by the way顺便说一句 3. 由frm构成的短语 frm memry凭记忆; frm day t day日复一日; frm nw n 从现在起; frm bad t wrse越来越糟; frm beginning t end 从头到尾; frm time t time时不时地
4. 由in构成的短语in high/pr/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差; in tears热泪盈眶; in fear在恐惧中; in danger在危险中; in peace和平相处; in surprise惊讶地; in truble陷入困境; in safety很安全; in need有需要; in gd rder很整齐; in silence静静地; in dubt有疑问; in a sense从某种意义上来说; in flwer开花; in advance事先; in the meantime同时; in case假使; in case f如果发生; in fact实际上; in general一般说来; in turn 轮流; in public公开地; in shrt总之; in ne’s pinin在某人看来; in n time立刻; in all总共; in brief简而言之; in gd cnditin状况好; in rder井井有条; in ther wrds换句话说; in return作为报答; in the curse f在……过程中; in the end最后; in the lng run从长远来看
5. 由n构成的短语 n bard乘(车, 飞机); n duty值班; n fire着火; n earth到底; n hliday/vacatin度假; n strike罢工; n shw在上映; n (the) average平均; n purpse故意地; n the cntrary相反; n the way t在途中; n ft步行; n hire雇用; n business出差; n sale在出售/在打折; n a visit在访问; n the spt当场; n the phne在打/接电话; n time准时
6. 由f构成的短语①f+抽象名词=形容词②f+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词如It is f great/much value. =It is very valuable. ③f+n+抽象名词=nt+形容词如It is f n use. =It is nt useful. =It is useless.
7. 由ut f构成的短语 ut f breath气喘吁吁; ut f cntrl失去控制; ut f danger脱险; ut f wrk失业; ut f date过时; ut f fashin不时尚; ut f rder发生故障; ut f reach拿不到; ut f tuch失去联系; ut f the questin不可能; ut f questin没问题
【易错警示】逻辑不清, 介词误用①When I was a cllege student, ur English prfessr left a deep impressin ________me. ②When I was a cllege student, ur English prfessr left a deep impressin ________being a kind man. 答案: ①n ②f【剖析】 题①意为“给我留下了深刻的印象”, 应用介词n; 题②意为“给人亲切的印象”, 应用介词f。
【过关检测】1. (2020·浙江高考)Sme time after 10, 000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived __, thrugh agriculture. 2. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __ dgs, seven t be exact. 3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I was searching____ these three western lwland grillas I’d been bserving.
4. (2020·泰安模拟)Lei began t read bks related t ancient pems at bkstres r libraries in his spare time, since the wages he earned were nt high enugh ___ him t buy many. 5. (2020·济宁模拟) Over the past decade, a glbal push t reduce hunger and extreme pverty has marked sme significant successes, partly thanks __ the effrts f many internatinal rganizatins.
【技法3】当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
1. 【解析】it。考查代词。it作形式主语, 不定式t eat ut为真正的主语。2. 【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的run。
【技法点金】1. 熟记不定代词的区别
2. 牢记代词it的常考用法①指代天气、时间、距离等。②代替上文提到过的事物。③代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。④代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。⑤it的常用固定句型·It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他·It+be+adj. +f/fr sb. t d sth. ·It is n gd/n use/useless/a waste f time ding sth. ·It is a pity/a fact/n wnder/adj. +that. . .
·It seems/appears/turned ut/ccurred t sb. +that. . . ·It is said/reprted/believed. . . +that. . . ·It takes sb. sme time/mney t d sth. ·主语+think/believe/suppse/cnsider/make/keep. . . +it+补语+t d sth. /that. . . ·主语+like/hate/lve/appreciate. . . +it+从句
【易错警示】混淆代词, 指代错误①They take their dgs fr walks and give ________gd fd and medical care. ②They take their dg fr walks and give ________gd fd and medical care. 答案: ①them ②it【剖析】 题①指代的是dgs, 应用人称代词them; 题②指代的是dg, 应用人称代词it。
【过关检测】1. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25, 000 peple were using __ every day. 2. (2020·昆明三模) __ tk him seven years t scan the characters in Chinese ancient bks. 3. If yu pick ne and put __ in yur muth, yu will surely never frget the wnderful taste prduced by the burning sun and the desert wind f suthern Xinjiang.
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·驻马店模拟)The English phrase had true meaning f the seasn withut leading___ any cnfusin. 2. (2020·大连一模)Peple’s self-cnsciusness (自我意识) ften made__ less pssible fr them t express their appreciatin. 3. (2020·宁波模拟)It seemed that the streets wuld be flded with water _____ ____minutes.
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 根据语境, 用适当的介词、冠词、代词填空 China says millins 1. ___ legal cases are nw being decided by “(Internet curts” that d nt require citizens t appear in curt. The “smart curt” includes nn-human judges pwered 2.___artificial intelligence, r AI. China’s first Internet curt was established in the easterncity f Hangzhu in was designed t ease the wrkladf humans and imprve the speed and effectiveness f 4.___ legalprcess.Curt fficials say that althugh virtual judges are used,human judges bserve the prcess and can make majr rulings. The Internet curt in Hangzhu nly deals 5. ____ cases invlving legal
disputes ver digital matters. These include Internet trade issues, cpyrightcases and disputes 6. ____ nline prduct sales. Digital curt cases in China have seen 7. __ sharp increase in recent years, as the number f mbile payments and Internet-based businesses has grwn. The grwth is tied t China’s huge number f Internet users—abut 850 millin. Hangzhu has set 8. ___ example 9. ______us, and sme ther cities are als experimenting with 10.____ pssibility f Internet curts. In the near future we can expect the curt will be changed cnsiderably.
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·威海模拟) Happiness is like a small stne 1. __________(drp) int a pl t cause a circle f ripples. 2. __________ Stevensn has said, being happy is a duty. There is n exact definitin f the wrd “happiness”. Happy peple are happy 3. __________ all srts f reasns. The key is nt wealth r physical well-being, since we find 4. __________(hme) peple, disabled peple and s-called lsers are extremely happy.
Being happy is a srt f unexpected gain. But staying happy is 5. _______accmplishment, a success f sul and character. Actually it is nt selfish t strive fr it. It is, indeed, a duty t urselves and thers. Being unhappy is like an infectius disease. It causes peple 6. _______ (stay) away frm the sufferer. He sn finds himself alne. There is, hwever, a cure fr it: if yu dn’t feel happy, pretend t be. It wrks. Befre lng yu will find that instead f repelling peple, yu attract them. Yu will discver 7. __________ deeply rewarding it is t be the center f wider and wider circles f gd will. Then the make-believe becmes a 8. __________(real). Yu becme really happy.
Being happy, nce it is recgnized as a duty and develps int a habit, 9. _______(pen) drs int amazing gardens which are full f 10. __________ (thank)friends.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了幸福快乐的定义。“幸福”这个词没有确切的定义。快乐的人因为各种各样的原因而快乐。而快乐, 一旦被认为是一种责任, 并发展成一种习惯, 就会打开大门, 进入充满感恩的朋友的奇妙花园。1. 【解析】drpped。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知drp在句中作非谓语动词, 与逻辑主语stne构成被动关系, 故用过去分词。故填drpped。2. 【解析】As。考查连接词。句意: 正如Stevensn所说, 快乐是一种责任。此处为方式状语从句, 表示“正如”应用as, 句首字母要大写。故填As。3. 【解析】fr。考查介词。短语be happy fr表示“为……而感到高兴”。故填fr。
4. 【解析】hmeless。考查形容词。修饰后文名词peple应用形容词hmeless, 表示“无家可归的人”。故填hmeless。5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。accmplishment为可数名词, 此处表泛指应用不定冠词, 且accmplishment的发音为元音音素开头。故填an。6. 【解析】t stay。考查非谓语动词。句意: 它使人们远离患者。短语cause sb. t d sth. 表示“使某人做某事; 导致某人做某事”, 后跟不定式。故填t stay。7. 【解析】hw。考查连接词。句意: 你会发现成为越来越广泛的善意圈子的中心是多么值得的。此处为感叹句, 感叹后文副词deeply应用hw。故填hw。8. 【解析】reality。考查名词。根据上文冠词a可知应填单数名词。故填reality。
9. 【解析】pens。考查主谓一致。句意: 快乐, 一旦被认为是一种责任, 并发展成一种习惯, 就会打开大门, 进入充满感恩的朋友的奇妙花园。本句主语为Being happy, 且描述客观事实用一般现在时, 故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填pens。10. 【解析】thankful。考查形容词。修饰后文名词friends应用形容词thankful, 表示“感激的”。故填thankful。
Passage 2(2020·合肥模拟) The game f G (围棋) is an imprtant bard game with rigins in China frm mre than 2, 500 years ag. In China, G 1. ________(recgnize) as “hand cnversatins” as well, thrugh which players cmmunicate with each ther. 2. ________ ther wrds, they “talk” thrugh the placing f pieces n the bard. The metaphr (暗喻) first 3. _________ (use) by Zhi Dalin, reflects the nature f the game. While schlars f his time ften lst 4. _________ (they) in philsphical (哲学的) debates n life and universe, he preferred t play G, 5. _________ he believed was full f hws and whys f life.
Master G players ften feel as if they were playing a real-life game; smetimes ne can mve frward, while at ther times, ne must slw dwn; smetimes ne can 6. _______ (direct) face the challenger, at ther times ne must take an indirect apprach. Apprpriate placement f each tiny G piece is similar t 7. _______ ne might slve a difficult prblem f life. The purpse f 8. _______ (play) G is nt just t win but als, mre imprtantly, t seek 9. _______ (wisdm) thrugh the prcess. The players unite with each ther n the bard. Instead f fighting as 10. _______ (enemy), they cperate t play a gd game. One thughtless mve culd ruin the enjyment.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了下围棋这项游戏。下围棋的过程是双方合作的过程, 也反映了人的智慧。1. 【解析】is recgnized。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 此处表示“围棋被认为是手谈”, G和recgnize之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 此处为一般性描述, 应用一般现在时, 且主语G为第三人称单数, 故填is recgnized。2. 【解析】In。考查介词。in ther wrds为固定搭配, 意为“换句话说”。3. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知, 主语The metaphr和use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故此处用过去分词作定语。
4. 【解析】themselves。考查词性转换。此处表示“尽管与他同时代的有学问的人都沉迷于人生和宇宙的哲学辩论上”。lse neself in意为“沉迷于……”。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 先行词为“G”, 故用which。6. 【解析】directly。考查词性转换。此处修饰动词face应用副词directly。7. 【解析】hw。考查连接词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导宾语从句, 作介词t的宾语, 空处在从句中作方式状语, 故用hw。8. 【解析】playing。考查非谓语动词。介词f后面要用动名词, 故填playing。9. 【解析】wisdm。考查词性转换。动词seek后面缺少宾语, 故填名词wisdm。
10. 【解析】enemies。考查名词复数。根据空后的they可知, 此处要用名词的复数形式。
Passage 3(2020·平凉二模) We Lve Reading is a prgramme that 1. __________(plant) the lve f reading within children. It fcuses n training adults, mst f 2. __________ are lcal vlunteers, t hld read-alud sessins in public spaces in their neighbrhds where bks are 3. __________ (rutine) read alud and exchanged with children. Research has shwn that 80% f children wh attend We Lve Reading read-alud sessins have seen the 4. _________(attract)f reading bks, and are mre willing 5. __________ (g)back t schl because they assciate
reading 6. ________ enjyment. They are mre empathetic (产生共鸣的) because they learn abut ther cultures and peple, and as 7. ____________cnsequence perfrm better at schl and becme mre 8. _____________(cnfidence). We Lve Reading has als influenced parent-child relatinships by 9. __________(build) bridges f understanding and cmmunicatin between the tw generatins thrugh reading. We Lve Reading is effective and able t cntinue fr a lng time because it 10. __________(manage) and wned by lcal vlunteers. They are part f the cmmunity and knw when and where is best t read t children.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了电视节目We Lve Reading。1. 【解析】plants。考查时态和主谓一致。that引导的是定语从句, that在从句中作主语, 指代的是a prgramme; 谓语动词plant表述的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数形式, 谓语动词应用单数。2. 【解析】whm。考查定语从句。mst f whm引导的是定语从句, 先行词adults指人, 关系代词在介词后, 应用whm。3. 【解析】rutinely。考查词性转换。修饰动词read, 应用副词。4. 【解析】attractin。考查词性转换。冠词the后应用名词。5. 【解析】t g。考查非谓语动词。be willing t d sth. 乐意做某事, 应用不定式。
6. 【解析】with。考查介词。assciate . . . with. . . 把……和……联系起来, 固定搭配。7. 【解析】a。考查冠词。as a cnsequence结果, 固定搭配。8. 【解析】cnfident。考查词性转换。系动词becme后应用形容词作表语。9. 【解析】building。考查非谓语动词。by ding sth. 通过做某事, 介词by后应用动名词。10. 【解析】is managed。考查时态和语态。manage和it之间是被动关系, 且讲的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的被动语态。
【加固训练】Passage 1(2020·哈尔滨二模) While wearing high heels (高跟鞋) in the wrkplace is seen as cmpulsry fr female wrkers in many Japanese cmpanies, an airline has rlled ut 1. __________ new unifrm plicy allwing wmen t chse shes that 2. _________(well) fit their needs. Starting next April, female flight attendants wrking fr Japan Airlines (JAL) 3. __________(require) t wear high heels n lnger, accrding t The Paper.
JAL is the first emplyer in the cuntry 4. __________ (stp) the “high heels” rule in the wrkplace since the start f the KuT campaign. The campaign, 5. __________ was launched by Yumi Ishikawa, a Japanese actress and mdel, called n Japanese cmpanies t stp frcing their female emplyees t wear high heels. In Japan, wmen are required t wear high heels in the wrkplace 6. ________ a heel height usually ranging frm 5 t 7 centimeters, with n 7. ________(except) fr pregnant wmen. 8. ________is “a frm f sexism(性别歧视)”, accrding t Ishikawa, 9. ________(reflect) that wmen’s appearance is mre imprtant than men’s in the wrkplace. 10. __________ KuT was
launched, many sympathetic wmen have viced their cncerns abut damage caused by high heels, including bruised (青肿的) tes and backaches. As wmen fight fr greater equality at wrk, ablishing cmpulsry high heels fr flight attendants culd nly be the start.
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。泛指一项新的制服政策, 应用不定冠词a。2. 【解析】best。考查最高级。表示“最适合她们需求的”, 应用最高级。3. 【解析】will be required。考查时态和语态。谓语动词require和主语attendants之间是被动关系, 且表示将来的动作, 应用一般将来时的被动语态。4. 【解析】t stp。考查非谓语动词。名词前有序数词修饰时, 其后应用不定式作定语。5. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词the campaign, 从句中缺少主语, 应用which引导。6. 【解析】with。考查介词。with复合结构作heels的定语。
7. 【解析】exceptin。考查词性转换。n是形容词, 其后需要跟名词。8. 【解析】It。考查代词。it指代上文中的规定。9. 【解析】reflecting。考查非谓语动词。reflect与主语之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作状语。10. 【解析】Since。考查连词。根据主句中的have viced可知, 应用since引导时间状语从句。
Passage 2 WeChat, ne f the wrld’s mst ppular mbile apps and scial netwrks, brught hme iF Gld Award fr its smart retail innvatin, Scan & G. It is 1. ________ first ever Chinese prduct t win gld in the iF Service Design categry. Scan & G enables shppers at retail stres t turn2. ________(they) mbile phnes int a virtual checkut cunter. When shpping, custmers use their mbile phnes 3. ________ (scan) prduct barcdes, view prduct infrmatin, get discunts, cmplete self-checkut, and pay 4. ________ (direct) within the app via WeChat Pay. There is n queuing up at the cash register.
“This cncept 5. ________(shw) a custmer-centric scan-and-g-slutin fr an ptimized(充分利用的) shpping and retail cntext. All standards f the gd user experience 6. __________(meet) in this service design, including tuchless access, efficiency r ease-f-use in scanning f market prducts and the final payment and checkut. This is user-friendly design at its 7. ________(gd), ” says iF Gld Award in its Gld Statement t Scan & G. Accrding t statistics, sales during peak hurs in 8. ________(traditin) supermarkets accunt fr 60% f ttal turnver, and 9. ________average custmers spend three t five minutes n queuing and payment during peak hurs.
With Scan & G, custmers n lnger have t queue, and the payment time10. ________(shrten) t ne minute.
【文章大意】作为世界上最受欢迎的手机应用软件和社交网络之一, 微信因其巧妙的零售创新设计“扫码购”而获得iF设计金奖。 1. 【解析】the。考查冠词。序数词前应用定冠词the。2. 【解析】their。考查代词。指代上文中的shppers, 并作mbile phnes的定语, 应用形容词性物主代词their。3. 【解析】t scan。考查非谓语动词。use sth. t d sth. 用……做某事。4. 【解析】directly。考查词形变换。修饰动词pay应用副词。5. 【解析】shws。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知, shw作谓语, 表示的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时; 主语This cncept是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用单数。
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