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2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型一提示类填空第2讲非谓语动词课件
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这是一份2021届高考英语二轮专题训练第二篇专题二语法填空第二部分题型应对策略题型一提示类填空第2讲非谓语动词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了技法探究·素养提升，to care，to change，to perform，to improve，Written，confused，involving，listening，marked等内容，欢迎下载使用。
所给提示词是动词时, 若句中已有谓语动词, 又不是并列谓语时, 则要考虑填非谓语动词。此时需要考虑非谓语动词的形式、提示词与逻辑主语的关系以及固定结构等。
【技法1】提示词为动词时, 根据句法功能确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】t find。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处是作use the instruments的目的状语, 应用不定式。2. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。此处making和前面的planting是并列关系, 作方式状语。3. 【解析】walking。 考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词r可知此处的walking和前文的living是并列的结构。imagine sb. ding sth. 。
【技法点金】1. 牢记非谓语动词的句法功能
2. 牢记非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项
【易错警示】句法功能不明, 不定式和现在分词错用①He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, __________(catch) the first bus. ②He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, __________(find) the first bus had gne. 【剖析】题①catch是意料之内的结果, 应用现在分词, 故填catching; 题②中的find是意料之外的结果, 应用不定式, 故填t find。
【过关检测】1. (2020•全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy ______(care)fr and make great presents. 2. (2020•浙江高考)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy _________(change) lives. 3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice __________(imprve) water quality.
5. (2020·青岛一模)_______ (write)in Chinese and perfrmed by Western and Chinese singers, the wrk is the first riginal Chinese pera prduced by Guangzhu Opera Huse fr the Silk Rad Internatinal League f Theaters. 6. (2020·驻马店模拟)As yu might imagine, when crps were cllected frm the fields, calling the seasn “harvest” might make peple ________ (cnfuse) because “harvest” is als the name fr the act itself. 7. (2020·沈阳模拟)S, n Mnday, the ministry annunced it has started a three-mnth special campaign aimed at fighting legal vilatins ________ (invlve) the buying, selling and slaughtering t ensure quality and safety f the meat and its prducts in the market.
【技法2 】提示词为动词时, 根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】surrunding。考查非谓语动词。surrund和逻辑主语cluds之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词。2. 【解析】decrated。考查非谓语动词。decrate和逻辑主语them之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。
【技法点金】通晓逻辑主语的作用1. 确定非谓语动词用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系, 则用动词-ing形式; 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系, 则用动词-ed形式。※Travelling arund the city, the man felt uncmfrtable because f the nise. 在城市里旅游, 这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。※Seriusly injured, she had t be sent t hspital at nce. 由于受伤严重, 她需要立刻被送往医院。
2. 确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用主动形式; 若为动宾关系则用被动形式。※The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。
【易错警示】混淆逻辑主语, 非谓语动词形式误用①________ (see) frm this pint, the prblem presents n easy slutin. ②(变式)_______(see) frm this pint, we find n easy slutin t the prblem. 答案: ①Seen ②Seeing【剖析】 题①中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语是the prblem, 两者之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词Seen。题②中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语是we, 两者之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词Seeing。
【过关检测】1. (2019 ·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, ________(listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals. 2. (2019·北京高考)Earth Day, _______(mark)n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin. 3. (2020·威海模拟)Happiness is like a small stne ________(drp) int a pl t cause a circle f ripples.
4. (2020·厦门一模)Night-Shining White, his _________ (survive) wrk, is regarded as ne f the mst significant hrse paintings in the histry f Chinese art. 5. (2020·昆明三模)_________ (attract) by the ancient language, Sears ften went back and frth between China and America. 6. _______(knw) as Angels at Bat, Max’s charity has dnated ver 10, 000 pieces f equipment t kids in need since its funding!7. It’s made up f five bks, with each ________(fcus) n the stry f ne character: Rain, Twig, Cash, Pen and Lab.
【技法3】提示词为动词时, 根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】lking。avid后应接动名词作宾语。2. 【解析】t prve。want意为“想”时, 其后应用不定式作宾语。3. 【解析】t stay。allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。
【技法点金】牢记非谓语动词的固定用法1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)喜欢考虑不避免(enjy, cnsider, escape, avid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannt help, give up, risk)感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be wrth)介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put ff)允许完成是期望(allw, permit, finish, lk frward t)建议继续勤操练(suggest, g n, practise)致力原谅要坚持(be devted t, excuse, insist n)
继续成功不错过(keep n, succeed in, miss) ※He tried t avid answering my questins. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)三个希望两答应(hpe, wish, expect, agree, prmise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend, chse/select)打算提出俩计划(intend, ffer, plan, mean)申请失败负担起(apply, fail, affrd)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)This is the reasn why he refused t accept the fact. 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。
3. 只能跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)(1)带t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词: ask, want, invite, get, frce, expect, allw, persuade, rder, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, frbid, advise, teach等。(2)不带t的不定式作宾语补足语: 使役动词(make, let, have); 感官动词(see, watch, bserve, hear, ntice)※Father will nt allw us t play in the street. 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。
4. with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较※The ld wman used t tell stries under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated arund and listening attentively. 那位老太太过去常常在那棵大树下讲故事, 她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听着。
5. 有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构cnsidering that鉴于, 考虑到; judging by/frm从……来看;suppsing/prviding/prvided/assuming that. . . 假定, 假设; cmpared with/t与……相比; generally speaking一般来说; t be hnest老实说; t tell yu the truth说实话; t be frank坦率地说; t make matters wrse情况更为糟糕的是。
6. 若非谓语动词在下列结构中, 则只能用不定式s. . . as t. . . ; such. . . as t. . . ; enugh t. . . ; t. . . t. . . ; the+序数词/next/nly/last+名词+t d. . . 以及it+takes+时间+t d sth. 等结构。※Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enugh t earn laughter frm beginning t end. 然而令人吃惊的是, 这部电影如此有趣以至于从头到尾都有笑声。
【易错警示】混用非谓语动词的习惯用法①Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had hundreds f sharp teeth. It lks smehw “strange” ________(cmpare) t anything tday. ②We tw black bys std staring at each ther, __________(cmpare) the mtivatins f the absent white man. 答案: ①cmpared ②cmparing
【剖析】 题①中空格处的句意是“与现今任何事比起来”, 并不表示这个动作真正发生了, cmpared t 为固定搭配, 所以填cmpared。题②中空格处意思是“琢磨/思量着那位不在场的白人的动机”, 表示具体的动作, 与所在句子主语为主动关系, 所以填cmparing。
【过关检测】1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take _____(get)there. 2. (2019·浙江高考) But sme students didn’t want _______(wear) the unifrm. 3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f _____ (die) early by running. 4. (2018·浙江高考)I still remember _______ (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years.
5. (2020·威海一模)Is it pssible t meet the glbal demand f leather withut _____(d) any harm t animals?6. (2020·宁波模拟)Hwever, we were abut _______(leave) the stre when the rain came in full frce. 7. (2020·泰安模拟)As fr his future plans, the curier said he wuld stick t _______ (recite)pems.
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·威海一模)________(grw) leather, scientists begin by taking sme cells frm an animal, nt hurting the animal in any way. 2. (2020·金华二模)If yu d that, traffic will fall int a mre natural pattern called a “zipper merge”, ________(mean)there are n surprises, n sudden braking, and a smther transitin frm ne lane t anther. 3. (2020·沈阳模拟)Statistics frm the Ministry f Agriculture and Rural Affairs shw the natinal prk price slumped by 23 percent in Nvember _________(cmpare) t the peak level in late Octber.
4. (2020·昆明三模)Apart frm ______ (take) part in sme scial activities, Sears devtes all his effrts t the study f Chinese characters. 5. (2020·厦门三模)In the lden days, peple had t use natural resurces that they fund ______(cure) sickness and diseases. 6. (2020·宁波模拟)Thugh ______ (catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasured the memry and will always recall the warmth and kindness f the Chinese cuple. 7. (2020·烟台一模)While ________ (watch) baseball, his favrite sprt, n TV in 2012, Max learned that teams frm Africa didn’t have prper equipment t play.
8. It is pink in clr, due t a plant that causes the salt __________(prduce) a red clr.
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 That Beijing, tgether with Zhangjiaku, succeeded in 1. ______(get) the chance 2. ______(hst) the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the develpment f Zhangjiaku City. Wrd came that the Beijing-Zhangjiaku high-speed railway, 3. _______(lcate) in Nrth China, is currently under cnstructin, and is expected 4. ______________(cmplete) by 2020 in preparatin fr the cities t hst the 2022 Winter Olympics. 5. ________(start) frm Beijing Nrth Railway Statin, 6.________(head) west thrugh the Great Wall three times in the capital’s territry, the prject is a big challenge, but
t be cmpleted
designers say the explsins needed 7. _____(dig)the tunnels will nt have an impact n the structure. The line has a length f 174 km as a duble tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten statins 8. _______(situate) alng its rute. 9. _______(have) a ttal investment f 31. 17 billin yuan ($5 billin), the trip between the tw cities will nly take 40 minutes, with the train 10. __________(travel) at an average f 250 km/h. Accrding t the plan, the high-speed railway will build tw branch lines—ne is t Yanqing Statin and the ther t Taizicheng f Chngli, where the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes 70-kilmeter sectin thrugh Beijing, will be cmpleted in fur and a half years.
travel(l)ing
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·烟台模拟) S far scientists frm the Australian Natinal University in Canberra 1. __________ (design)micrscpic ptical(光学的)sensrs that can enable real-time health mnitring. The sensrs, 2. __________ are 50 times thinner than a human hair, can 3. __________(put)int a wearable device, such as a watch, t allw peple and their dctrs 4. __________(check)their health regularly. The breakthrugh
prmises t help dctrs detect diseases, such as diabetes(糖尿病), much earlier than it is pssible tday. “These small sensrs can be really cmbined int a watch t prvide 5. __________ windw n ur health, ”Tricli, a leading researcher, tld the ANU website. Tricli said the sensrs culd measure very small gases cming thrugh skin and breath, 6. __________(call)metablites(代谢物), allwing dctrs t keep track f peple’s health in real time and help peple t lead even 7. __________(gd)lives.
“Yu culd 8. __________(simple)use a bunch f light t track these bimarkers f disease. There wuld be n need fr batteries, wires r large and expensive lab equipment. ”he said. The ANU team’s sensrs are said t be very useful and have a number f 9. __________(applicatin), ranging frm medical diagnsis, farming and space explratin, t whether a plant has a particular disease 10. __________ a fruit is ripe.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种传感器的作用。1. 【解析】have designed。考查谓语动词时态。句中有明显的时间状语s far, 故用现在完成时。2. 【解析】which。考查连词。这是非限制性定语从句, 从句缺主语, 故用which。3. 【解析】be put。考查语态。传感器应该被放在一个设备里, 应该用被动语态。4. 【解析】t check。考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处应该翻译成“为我们的健康提供了一扇窗户”。
6. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语gases和call存在被动关系。7. 【解析】better。考查比较级。放在even后, 应用比较级。8. 【解析】simply。考查词形变化。此处应该用副词来修饰动词use。9. 【解析】applicatins。考查名词单复数。被a number f 修饰, 用可数名词复数。10. 【解析】r。考查固定搭配。whether. . . r. . . 。
Passage 2 (2020·铜川二模) With fewer than 2, 000 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting f ne f the lvely animals is a cause fr 1. _________ (celebrate). Hwever, the ne recently sptted walking thrugh a bamb frest in China’s Sichuan Prvince is even mre s, 2. _________(cnsider)that it is the wrld’s first knwn all-white panda! It 3. ________(spt)by an infrared(红外线的)camera set up t mnitr the wildlife in the Wlng Natinal Nature Reserve n May 25, 2019, 4. _______ is als hme t China’s first giant panda breeding and research
center. Wlng fficials estimate the panda, whse sex is hard 5. __________ (determine) frm the pht, is between ne and tw years ld. 6. __________ is generally believed that the giant pandas unique black and white clring allws it t blend in with the snw during winter r t hide in the shade during summer. Sme 7. ________(scientist)als believe the dark circles arund the eyes help the panda bears recgnize each ther. 8. __________ (lucky), the lack f markings des nt seem t have affected the all-white panda s far. The researchers say albin(白化病)animals are rare in general. That’s because it can happen nly if bth parents carry the gene. With s few specimens f panda bears left 9. __________ the wrld, the pssibility f that
happening is almst next t impssible. Researchers believe if its ffspring can be phtgraphed, it will be 10. __________(value)fr future research.
【文章大意】众所周知, 一般情况下, 大熊猫是黑白相间的, 但在四川省的一片竹林里却发现了一只全身白色的大熊猫。1. 【解析】celebratin。考查词性转换。介词fr后应用名词。2. 【解析】cnsidering。考查非谓语动词。cnsidering that. . . “考虑到, 鉴于”, 是固定的非谓语形式。3. 【解析】was sptted。考查时态和语态。根据时间状语n May 25, 2019可知, 此处应用一般过去时; spt和主语it之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 先行词指物, 应用which引导。
5. 【解析】t determine。考查非谓语动词。形容词hard后应用不定式作状语。6. 【解析】It。考查代词。It is believed that. . . 据认为……。it是形式主语, 指代that引导的从句。7. 【解析】scientists。考查名词单复数。sme后应用可数名词的复数形式。8. 【解析】Luckily。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 应用副词。9. 【解析】in。考查介词。in the wrld“在世界上”。是固定搭配。10. 【解析】valuable。考查词性转换。系动词be后应用形容词。
Passage 3 Accrding t Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cperatin agreement n March 15. The tw sides will set an example 1. __________ 5G applicatin. The Palace Museum received mre than 17 millin visitrs in 2018, 2. __________(make) it the mst visited museum in the wrld. In the past 20 years, an ffice infrmatin netwrk cvering the whle museum 3. ________ (build) gradually. The museum has develped an App that prvides an in-depth 4. ________ (explain) f cultural relic infrmatin and cultural services. Als, the museumhas research n the applicatin f VR, AR, AI and ther
5. _______(technique) in museums. 6. ________signing f the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cperatin between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technlgies. S, Huawei will make effrts 7. ________(accelerate) the intelligent cnstructin f the Palace Museum. “The 600-year-ld Palace Museum has never been s clse t science andtechnlgy, ” Shan Jixiang said 8. _____ (prud), directr f the Palace Museum. Shan shared many ideas abut the 5G Palace Museum. With the help f advanced technlgy, 9. __________ is expected that in the future, audiences arund the wrld will be able t experience and visit the Palace Museum,
whether it is a field trip r a virtual tur. Als, the use f AI technlgy prvides a 10. __________(brad) platfrm and strnger knwledge supprt fr cultural relics amng yung peple.
【文章大意】故宫博物院和华为签署了一份战略合作协议, 共同开展打造5G智慧故宫。 1. 【解析】t/ fr。考查介词。set an example t /fr“为……树立榜样”, 是固定搭配。2. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, make在句中是非谓语, 且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作结果状语。3. 【解析】has been built。考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, build在句中是谓语, 和主语netwrk之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 根据时间状语In the past 20 years可知, 应用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. 【解析】explanatin。考查词性转换。作prvide的宾语, 同时有不定冠词an修饰, 应用名词。 5. 【解析】techniques。考查名词复数。根据ther可知, 此处应用名词复数形式。6. 【解析】The。考查冠词。此处特指故宫和华为的协议签署, 应用定冠词the。7. 【解析】t accelerate。考查非谓语动词。make an effrt / effrts t d sth. 努力做某事, effrt后应用不定式。8. 【解析】prudly。考查词性转换。修饰动词said应用副词。
9. 【解析】it。考查代词。分析句子结构可知, 句中缺少主语, 代替真正的主语that从句, 应用形式主语it。 10. 【解析】brader。考查比较级。根据后面的and strnger knwledge supprt可知, 此处含有比较的含义, 应用比较级。
【加固训练】Passage 1 (2020·张家口二模) Du Fu was a Chinese pet and plitician f the Tang Dynasty. Alng with Li Bai, he is 1. _______(frequent) called ne f the greatest f the Chinese pets.2. _______ (bear) int a schlarly family, Du Fu received a 3. ______(traditin) Cnfucian educatin but failed in the imperial examinatins f 735. As a result, he spent much f his yuth 4. __________(travel). During his travels he was recgnized as a pet and met ther pets f the perid, including the great Li Bai. He had a strng 5. __________ (admire) fr this lder, freewheeling
cntemprary. Du Fu’s early petry celebrated the beauty f the natural wrld and bemaned (惋惜)the passage f time. He sn 6. ______(begin) t write abut war—as in “Bingchexing”. And with hidden satire (暗讽) he wrte “Liren xing”, 7. _______ speaks f the luxury (奢侈) f the curt. As he matured, and especially during8. _______ chatic perid f 755 t 759, his pems began t sund a nte f sympathy fr humanity caught in the senseless war. Du Fu’s irreplaceable psitin in the histry f Chinese literature 9._______ (rest) n his superb classicism. He was an expert 10. __________ all petic
styles current in his day, and his mastery was at its height in the lvshi, r “regulated verse”.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了著名诗人杜甫。1. 【解析】frequently。考查词性转换。修饰动词called应用副词。2. 【解析】Brn。考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语。3. 【解析】traditinal。考查词性转换。修饰后面的Cnfucian educatin, 应用形容词。4. 【解析】traveling。考查非谓语动词。spend sth. (in) ding sth. 为固定搭配, 动名词作介词in的宾语。5. 【解析】admiratin。考查词性转换。根据a strng可知, 应用名词。6. 【解析】began。考查时态。介绍杜甫生活时代的事应用一般过去时。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句, which指代前文的Liren xing。8. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处是特指755年至759年, 应用定冠词。9. 【解析】rests。考查主谓一致。主语psitin是第三人称单数形式, 且说明的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。10. 【解析】in。考查介词。an expert in 表示“是某方面的专家”。
Passage 2 (2020·宜宾二模) A week ag, Prime Minister Shinz Abe f Japan 1. ________Thmas Bach, president f the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee, were prmting the Summer Olympics in Tky as the cmfrt the wrld needed 2. ________ (shw) victry ver the COVID-19 pandemic. On Tuesday, the virus wn ut. I. O. C. and Japan 3. ________(frmal) agreed t pstpne Tky Olympic Games, 4. ________ had been scheduled t begin in late July, until 2021.
The decisin became all but inevitable after the 5. ________(natin) Olympic cmmittee in Canada annunced n Sunday that it was withdrawing frm the Games, and Australia’s cmmittee tld its athletes that it was nt pssible t train under the widespread 6. ________(restrictin) in place t cntrl the virus. At a time when Japan’s ecnmy is already 7. ________truble, the delay f the Olympics culd deal a serius blw. In a reprt early this mnth, Nikk Securities predicted that a cancellatin f the Games 8. ________(reduce) by 1. 4 percent f Japan’s ecnmic utput.
The cmplicatins will spread beynd the Games themselves. The internatinal 9. __________(gvern) bdies fr track and field and swimming, fr example, planned t hld wrld champinships in 2021 and will have t wrk with 10. __________ (they) athletes and hst cities t pssibly reschedule thse events.
【文章大意】由于疫情原因, 国际奥委会和日本同意推迟东京奥运会至2021年7月末。1. 【解析】and。考查连词。上下文之间是并列关系, 应用并列连词and。2. 【解析】t shw。考查非谓语动词。作cmfrt的定语, 应用不定式。3. 【解析】frmally。考查词性转换。修饰动词agreed, 应用副词。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词Tky Olympic Games。5. 【解析】natinal。考查词性转换。修饰名词cmmittee, 应用形容词。6. 【解析】restrictins。考查名词单复数。此处泛指各种限制, 应用名词复数。
所给提示词是动词时, 若句中已有谓语动词, 又不是并列谓语时, 则要考虑填非谓语动词。此时需要考虑非谓语动词的形式、提示词与逻辑主语的关系以及固定结构等。
【技法1】提示词为动词时, 根据句法功能确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】t find。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处是作use the instruments的目的状语, 应用不定式。2. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。此处making和前面的planting是并列关系, 作方式状语。3. 【解析】walking。 考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词r可知此处的walking和前文的living是并列的结构。imagine sb. ding sth. 。
【技法点金】1. 牢记非谓语动词的句法功能
2. 牢记非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项
【易错警示】句法功能不明, 不定式和现在分词错用①He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, __________(catch) the first bus. ②He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, __________(find) the first bus had gne. 【剖析】题①catch是意料之内的结果, 应用现在分词, 故填catching; 题②中的find是意料之外的结果, 应用不定式, 故填t find。
【过关检测】1. (2020•全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy ______(care)fr and make great presents. 2. (2020•浙江高考)Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy _________(change) lives. 3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. 4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice __________(imprve) water quality.
5. (2020·青岛一模)_______ (write)in Chinese and perfrmed by Western and Chinese singers, the wrk is the first riginal Chinese pera prduced by Guangzhu Opera Huse fr the Silk Rad Internatinal League f Theaters. 6. (2020·驻马店模拟)As yu might imagine, when crps were cllected frm the fields, calling the seasn “harvest” might make peple ________ (cnfuse) because “harvest” is als the name fr the act itself. 7. (2020·沈阳模拟)S, n Mnday, the ministry annunced it has started a three-mnth special campaign aimed at fighting legal vilatins ________ (invlve) the buying, selling and slaughtering t ensure quality and safety f the meat and its prducts in the market.
【技法2 】提示词为动词时, 根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】surrunding。考查非谓语动词。surrund和逻辑主语cluds之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词。2. 【解析】decrated。考查非谓语动词。decrate和逻辑主语them之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。
【技法点金】通晓逻辑主语的作用1. 确定非谓语动词用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系, 则用动词-ing形式; 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系, 则用动词-ed形式。※Travelling arund the city, the man felt uncmfrtable because f the nise. 在城市里旅游, 这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。※Seriusly injured, she had t be sent t hspital at nce. 由于受伤严重, 她需要立刻被送往医院。
2. 确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用主动形式; 若为动宾关系则用被动形式。※The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。
【易错警示】混淆逻辑主语, 非谓语动词形式误用①________ (see) frm this pint, the prblem presents n easy slutin. ②(变式)_______(see) frm this pint, we find n easy slutin t the prblem. 答案: ①Seen ②Seeing【剖析】 题①中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语是the prblem, 两者之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词Seen。题②中非谓语动词see的逻辑主语是we, 两者之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词Seeing。
【过关检测】1. (2019 ·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day f ur week-lng stay, we were invited t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars, ________(listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals. 2. (2019·北京高考)Earth Day, _______(mark)n 22 April, is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin. 3. (2020·威海模拟)Happiness is like a small stne ________(drp) int a pl t cause a circle f ripples.
4. (2020·厦门一模)Night-Shining White, his _________ (survive) wrk, is regarded as ne f the mst significant hrse paintings in the histry f Chinese art. 5. (2020·昆明三模)_________ (attract) by the ancient language, Sears ften went back and frth between China and America. 6. _______(knw) as Angels at Bat, Max’s charity has dnated ver 10, 000 pieces f equipment t kids in need since its funding!7. It’s made up f five bks, with each ________(fcus) n the stry f ne character: Rain, Twig, Cash, Pen and Lab.
【技法3】提示词为动词时, 根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式
1. 【解析】lking。avid后应接动名词作宾语。2. 【解析】t prve。want意为“想”时, 其后应用不定式作宾语。3. 【解析】t stay。allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。
【技法点金】牢记非谓语动词的固定用法1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)喜欢考虑不避免(enjy, cnsider, escape, avid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannt help, give up, risk)感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be wrth)介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put ff)允许完成是期望(allw, permit, finish, lk frward t)建议继续勤操练(suggest, g n, practise)致力原谅要坚持(be devted t, excuse, insist n)
继续成功不错过(keep n, succeed in, miss) ※He tried t avid answering my questins. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)三个希望两答应(hpe, wish, expect, agree, prmise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend, chse/select)打算提出俩计划(intend, ffer, plan, mean)申请失败负担起(apply, fail, affrd)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)This is the reasn why he refused t accept the fact. 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。
3. 只能跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)(1)带t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词: ask, want, invite, get, frce, expect, allw, persuade, rder, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, frbid, advise, teach等。(2)不带t的不定式作宾语补足语: 使役动词(make, let, have); 感官动词(see, watch, bserve, hear, ntice)※Father will nt allw us t play in the street. 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。
4. with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较※The ld wman used t tell stries under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated arund and listening attentively. 那位老太太过去常常在那棵大树下讲故事, 她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听着。
5. 有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构cnsidering that鉴于, 考虑到; judging by/frm从……来看;suppsing/prviding/prvided/assuming that. . . 假定, 假设; cmpared with/t与……相比; generally speaking一般来说; t be hnest老实说; t tell yu the truth说实话; t be frank坦率地说; t make matters wrse情况更为糟糕的是。
6. 若非谓语动词在下列结构中, 则只能用不定式s. . . as t. . . ; such. . . as t. . . ; enugh t. . . ; t. . . t. . . ; the+序数词/next/nly/last+名词+t d. . . 以及it+takes+时间+t d sth. 等结构。※Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enugh t earn laughter frm beginning t end. 然而令人吃惊的是, 这部电影如此有趣以至于从头到尾都有笑声。
【易错警示】混用非谓语动词的习惯用法①Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had hundreds f sharp teeth. It lks smehw “strange” ________(cmpare) t anything tday. ②We tw black bys std staring at each ther, __________(cmpare) the mtivatins f the absent white man. 答案: ①cmpared ②cmparing
【剖析】 题①中空格处的句意是“与现今任何事比起来”, 并不表示这个动作真正发生了, cmpared t 为固定搭配, 所以填cmpared。题②中空格处意思是“琢磨/思量着那位不在场的白人的动机”, 表示具体的动作, 与所在句子主语为主动关系, 所以填cmparing。
【过关检测】1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take _____(get)there. 2. (2019·浙江高考) But sme students didn’t want _______(wear) the unifrm. 3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f _____ (die) early by running. 4. (2018·浙江高考)I still remember _______ (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years.
5. (2020·威海一模)Is it pssible t meet the glbal demand f leather withut _____(d) any harm t animals?6. (2020·宁波模拟)Hwever, we were abut _______(leave) the stre when the rain came in full frce. 7. (2020·泰安模拟)As fr his future plans, the curier said he wuld stick t _______ (recite)pems.
【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1. (2020·威海一模)________(grw) leather, scientists begin by taking sme cells frm an animal, nt hurting the animal in any way. 2. (2020·金华二模)If yu d that, traffic will fall int a mre natural pattern called a “zipper merge”, ________(mean)there are n surprises, n sudden braking, and a smther transitin frm ne lane t anther. 3. (2020·沈阳模拟)Statistics frm the Ministry f Agriculture and Rural Affairs shw the natinal prk price slumped by 23 percent in Nvember _________(cmpare) t the peak level in late Octber.
4. (2020·昆明三模)Apart frm ______ (take) part in sme scial activities, Sears devtes all his effrts t the study f Chinese characters. 5. (2020·厦门三模)In the lden days, peple had t use natural resurces that they fund ______(cure) sickness and diseases. 6. (2020·宁波模拟)Thugh ______ (catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasured the memry and will always recall the warmth and kindness f the Chinese cuple. 7. (2020·烟台一模)While ________ (watch) baseball, his favrite sprt, n TV in 2012, Max learned that teams frm Africa didn’t have prper equipment t play.
8. It is pink in clr, due t a plant that causes the salt __________(prduce) a red clr.
【大题提能练】Ⅰ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空 That Beijing, tgether with Zhangjiaku, succeeded in 1. ______(get) the chance 2. ______(hst) the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the develpment f Zhangjiaku City. Wrd came that the Beijing-Zhangjiaku high-speed railway, 3. _______(lcate) in Nrth China, is currently under cnstructin, and is expected 4. ______________(cmplete) by 2020 in preparatin fr the cities t hst the 2022 Winter Olympics. 5. ________(start) frm Beijing Nrth Railway Statin, 6.________(head) west thrugh the Great Wall three times in the capital’s territry, the prject is a big challenge, but
t be cmpleted
designers say the explsins needed 7. _____(dig)the tunnels will nt have an impact n the structure. The line has a length f 174 km as a duble tracked passenger dedicated line, with ten statins 8. _______(situate) alng its rute. 9. _______(have) a ttal investment f 31. 17 billin yuan ($5 billin), the trip between the tw cities will nly take 40 minutes, with the train 10. __________(travel) at an average f 250 km/h. Accrding t the plan, the high-speed railway will build tw branch lines—ne is t Yanqing Statin and the ther t Taizicheng f Chngli, where the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes 70-kilmeter sectin thrugh Beijing, will be cmpleted in fur and a half years.
travel(l)ing
Ⅱ. 综合填空Passage 1 (2020·烟台模拟) S far scientists frm the Australian Natinal University in Canberra 1. __________ (design)micrscpic ptical(光学的)sensrs that can enable real-time health mnitring. The sensrs, 2. __________ are 50 times thinner than a human hair, can 3. __________(put)int a wearable device, such as a watch, t allw peple and their dctrs 4. __________(check)their health regularly. The breakthrugh
prmises t help dctrs detect diseases, such as diabetes(糖尿病), much earlier than it is pssible tday. “These small sensrs can be really cmbined int a watch t prvide 5. __________ windw n ur health, ”Tricli, a leading researcher, tld the ANU website. Tricli said the sensrs culd measure very small gases cming thrugh skin and breath, 6. __________(call)metablites(代谢物), allwing dctrs t keep track f peple’s health in real time and help peple t lead even 7. __________(gd)lives.
“Yu culd 8. __________(simple)use a bunch f light t track these bimarkers f disease. There wuld be n need fr batteries, wires r large and expensive lab equipment. ”he said. The ANU team’s sensrs are said t be very useful and have a number f 9. __________(applicatin), ranging frm medical diagnsis, farming and space explratin, t whether a plant has a particular disease 10. __________ a fruit is ripe.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一种传感器的作用。1. 【解析】have designed。考查谓语动词时态。句中有明显的时间状语s far, 故用现在完成时。2. 【解析】which。考查连词。这是非限制性定语从句, 从句缺主语, 故用which。3. 【解析】be put。考查语态。传感器应该被放在一个设备里, 应该用被动语态。4. 【解析】t check。考查非谓语动词。固定短语allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。5. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处应该翻译成“为我们的健康提供了一扇窗户”。
6. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语gases和call存在被动关系。7. 【解析】better。考查比较级。放在even后, 应用比较级。8. 【解析】simply。考查词形变化。此处应该用副词来修饰动词use。9. 【解析】applicatins。考查名词单复数。被a number f 修饰, 用可数名词复数。10. 【解析】r。考查固定搭配。whether. . . r. . . 。
Passage 2 (2020·铜川二模) With fewer than 2, 000 giant pandas left in the wild, the sighting f ne f the lvely animals is a cause fr 1. _________ (celebrate). Hwever, the ne recently sptted walking thrugh a bamb frest in China’s Sichuan Prvince is even mre s, 2. _________(cnsider)that it is the wrld’s first knwn all-white panda! It 3. ________(spt)by an infrared(红外线的)camera set up t mnitr the wildlife in the Wlng Natinal Nature Reserve n May 25, 2019, 4. _______ is als hme t China’s first giant panda breeding and research
center. Wlng fficials estimate the panda, whse sex is hard 5. __________ (determine) frm the pht, is between ne and tw years ld. 6. __________ is generally believed that the giant pandas unique black and white clring allws it t blend in with the snw during winter r t hide in the shade during summer. Sme 7. ________(scientist)als believe the dark circles arund the eyes help the panda bears recgnize each ther. 8. __________ (lucky), the lack f markings des nt seem t have affected the all-white panda s far. The researchers say albin(白化病)animals are rare in general. That’s because it can happen nly if bth parents carry the gene. With s few specimens f panda bears left 9. __________ the wrld, the pssibility f that
happening is almst next t impssible. Researchers believe if its ffspring can be phtgraphed, it will be 10. __________(value)fr future research.
【文章大意】众所周知, 一般情况下, 大熊猫是黑白相间的, 但在四川省的一片竹林里却发现了一只全身白色的大熊猫。1. 【解析】celebratin。考查词性转换。介词fr后应用名词。2. 【解析】cnsidering。考查非谓语动词。cnsidering that. . . “考虑到, 鉴于”, 是固定的非谓语形式。3. 【解析】was sptted。考查时态和语态。根据时间状语n May 25, 2019可知, 此处应用一般过去时; spt和主语it之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 先行词指物, 应用which引导。
5. 【解析】t determine。考查非谓语动词。形容词hard后应用不定式作状语。6. 【解析】It。考查代词。It is believed that. . . 据认为……。it是形式主语, 指代that引导的从句。7. 【解析】scientists。考查名词单复数。sme后应用可数名词的复数形式。8. 【解析】Luckily。考查词性转换。修饰整个句子, 应用副词。9. 【解析】in。考查介词。in the wrld“在世界上”。是固定搭配。10. 【解析】valuable。考查词性转换。系动词be后应用形容词。
Passage 3 Accrding t Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cperatin agreement n March 15. The tw sides will set an example 1. __________ 5G applicatin. The Palace Museum received mre than 17 millin visitrs in 2018, 2. __________(make) it the mst visited museum in the wrld. In the past 20 years, an ffice infrmatin netwrk cvering the whle museum 3. ________ (build) gradually. The museum has develped an App that prvides an in-depth 4. ________ (explain) f cultural relic infrmatin and cultural services. Als, the museumhas research n the applicatin f VR, AR, AI and ther
5. _______(technique) in museums. 6. ________signing f the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cperatin between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technlgies. S, Huawei will make effrts 7. ________(accelerate) the intelligent cnstructin f the Palace Museum. “The 600-year-ld Palace Museum has never been s clse t science andtechnlgy, ” Shan Jixiang said 8. _____ (prud), directr f the Palace Museum. Shan shared many ideas abut the 5G Palace Museum. With the help f advanced technlgy, 9. __________ is expected that in the future, audiences arund the wrld will be able t experience and visit the Palace Museum,
whether it is a field trip r a virtual tur. Als, the use f AI technlgy prvides a 10. __________(brad) platfrm and strnger knwledge supprt fr cultural relics amng yung peple.
【文章大意】故宫博物院和华为签署了一份战略合作协议, 共同开展打造5G智慧故宫。 1. 【解析】t/ fr。考查介词。set an example t /fr“为……树立榜样”, 是固定搭配。2. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, make在句中是非谓语, 且和逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作结果状语。3. 【解析】has been built。考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, build在句中是谓语, 和主语netwrk之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 根据时间状语In the past 20 years可知, 应用现在完成时的被动语态。
4. 【解析】explanatin。考查词性转换。作prvide的宾语, 同时有不定冠词an修饰, 应用名词。 5. 【解析】techniques。考查名词复数。根据ther可知, 此处应用名词复数形式。6. 【解析】The。考查冠词。此处特指故宫和华为的协议签署, 应用定冠词the。7. 【解析】t accelerate。考查非谓语动词。make an effrt / effrts t d sth. 努力做某事, effrt后应用不定式。8. 【解析】prudly。考查词性转换。修饰动词said应用副词。
9. 【解析】it。考查代词。分析句子结构可知, 句中缺少主语, 代替真正的主语that从句, 应用形式主语it。 10. 【解析】brader。考查比较级。根据后面的and strnger knwledge supprt可知, 此处含有比较的含义, 应用比较级。
【加固训练】Passage 1 (2020·张家口二模) Du Fu was a Chinese pet and plitician f the Tang Dynasty. Alng with Li Bai, he is 1. _______(frequent) called ne f the greatest f the Chinese pets.2. _______ (bear) int a schlarly family, Du Fu received a 3. ______(traditin) Cnfucian educatin but failed in the imperial examinatins f 735. As a result, he spent much f his yuth 4. __________(travel). During his travels he was recgnized as a pet and met ther pets f the perid, including the great Li Bai. He had a strng 5. __________ (admire) fr this lder, freewheeling
cntemprary. Du Fu’s early petry celebrated the beauty f the natural wrld and bemaned (惋惜)the passage f time. He sn 6. ______(begin) t write abut war—as in “Bingchexing”. And with hidden satire (暗讽) he wrte “Liren xing”, 7. _______ speaks f the luxury (奢侈) f the curt. As he matured, and especially during8. _______ chatic perid f 755 t 759, his pems began t sund a nte f sympathy fr humanity caught in the senseless war. Du Fu’s irreplaceable psitin in the histry f Chinese literature 9._______ (rest) n his superb classicism. He was an expert 10. __________ all petic
styles current in his day, and his mastery was at its height in the lvshi, r “regulated verse”.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了著名诗人杜甫。1. 【解析】frequently。考查词性转换。修饰动词called应用副词。2. 【解析】Brn。考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语。3. 【解析】traditinal。考查词性转换。修饰后面的Cnfucian educatin, 应用形容词。4. 【解析】traveling。考查非谓语动词。spend sth. (in) ding sth. 为固定搭配, 动名词作介词in的宾语。5. 【解析】admiratin。考查词性转换。根据a strng可知, 应用名词。6. 【解析】began。考查时态。介绍杜甫生活时代的事应用一般过去时。
7. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句, which指代前文的Liren xing。8. 【解析】the。考查冠词。此处是特指755年至759年, 应用定冠词。9. 【解析】rests。考查主谓一致。主语psitin是第三人称单数形式, 且说明的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。10. 【解析】in。考查介词。an expert in 表示“是某方面的专家”。
Passage 2 (2020·宜宾二模) A week ag, Prime Minister Shinz Abe f Japan 1. ________Thmas Bach, president f the Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee, were prmting the Summer Olympics in Tky as the cmfrt the wrld needed 2. ________ (shw) victry ver the COVID-19 pandemic. On Tuesday, the virus wn ut. I. O. C. and Japan 3. ________(frmal) agreed t pstpne Tky Olympic Games, 4. ________ had been scheduled t begin in late July, until 2021.
The decisin became all but inevitable after the 5. ________(natin) Olympic cmmittee in Canada annunced n Sunday that it was withdrawing frm the Games, and Australia’s cmmittee tld its athletes that it was nt pssible t train under the widespread 6. ________(restrictin) in place t cntrl the virus. At a time when Japan’s ecnmy is already 7. ________truble, the delay f the Olympics culd deal a serius blw. In a reprt early this mnth, Nikk Securities predicted that a cancellatin f the Games 8. ________(reduce) by 1. 4 percent f Japan’s ecnmic utput.
The cmplicatins will spread beynd the Games themselves. The internatinal 9. __________(gvern) bdies fr track and field and swimming, fr example, planned t hld wrld champinships in 2021 and will have t wrk with 10. __________ (they) athletes and hst cities t pssibly reschedule thse events.
【文章大意】由于疫情原因, 国际奥委会和日本同意推迟东京奥运会至2021年7月末。1. 【解析】and。考查连词。上下文之间是并列关系, 应用并列连词and。2. 【解析】t shw。考查非谓语动词。作cmfrt的定语, 应用不定式。3. 【解析】frmally。考查词性转换。修饰动词agreed, 应用副词。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词Tky Olympic Games。5. 【解析】natinal。考查词性转换。修饰名词cmmittee, 应用形容词。6. 【解析】restrictins。考查名词单复数。此处泛指各种限制, 应用名词复数。
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