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Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2020·淄博一模) If yu’ve applied r are currently applying t Ivy (常春藤) League schls, yu’ve likely heard the phrase “Ivy Day”. What Is Ivy day?
Ivy Day, r Ivy Admissins Day, is the day when all Ivy League schls release their regular admissins decisins nline fr regular decisin first-yearapplicants. The eight Ivies—Brwn, Clumbia, Crnell, Dartmuth, Harvard, Penn, Princetn, and Yale—typically release their decisins at the same exact time. Because all Ivies release their admissins ntificatins at the same time thrugh their respective nline prtals (门户网站), and because applicants are eager t get their results as sn as pssible, Ivy Day ften means lng lading times and a bigger chance f page crashes due t the heavy nline traffic.
Therefre, if yu hit any majr nline traffic r are facing cnstant page crashes, it might be better t get ff yur cmputer and wait an hur r tw until the traffic dies dwn a bit and yu can check yur admissins results withut issue. Tp schls that are nt in the Ivy League typically have different decisins release dates. In 2018, Amherst released its admissins decisins earlier than Ivy Day n March 23. Occasinally, a nn-Ivy schl’s decisins release date verlaps with Ivy Day; NYU, fr instance, released its decisins n Ivy Day in 2018.
When Is Ivy day 2020? Unfrtunately, the exact date fr Ivy Day 2020 has nt yet been fficially cnfirmed by any Ivy League schls. Belw is a table shwing Ivy Days frm previus years and their days, dates, and times:
【全文大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给申请者介绍了2020年常春藤日的相关信息。1. What d we knw abut Ivy Day?A. All Ivies release their decisins n the same website. B. Sme nn-Ivy schls may release decisins n this day. C. Nt all the eight Ivies release decisins n the same day. D. Tp schls always release decisins befre this day.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Occasinally, a nn-Ivy schl’s decisins release date verlaps with Ivy Day; NYU, fr instance, released its decisins n Ivy Day in 2018. ”可知, 有时, 非常春藤学校的决定发布日期与常春藤日重叠; 例如, 纽约大学在2018年常春藤日发布了决定。由此可知, 一些非常春藤学校可能会在常春藤日发布决定。
2. When having truble getting access t the page n Ivy day, yu can ______.  A. cnsult yur friendsB. call the admissin fficerC. keep refreshing the page cnstantlyD. wait patiently and then access the website
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Therefre, if yu hit any majr nline traffic r are facing cnstant page crashes, it might be better t get ff yur cmputer and wait an hur r tw until the traffic dies dwn a bit and yu can check yur admissins results withut issue. ”可知, 如果你在常春藤日进入页面有困难, 你可以耐心等待, 然后再进入网站。
3. What is the purpse f the text?A. T tell the exact date f Ivy Day 2020. B. T help applicants chse the ideal schl. C. T shw applicants infrmatin f the Ivy Day 2020. D. T encurage students t apply t the Ivy League schls.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’ve applied r are currently applying t Ivy League schls, yu’ve likely heard the phrase ‘Ivy Day’. ”“What Is Ivy day?”和最后一段中的“Unfrtunately, the exact date fr Ivy Day 2020 has nt yet been fficially cnfirmed by any Ivy League schls. ”可推知, 本文的主要目的是给申请者介绍2020年常春藤日的信息。
B(2020·长沙一模) Jsh Mrrisn, 17, dreamed f raising $100, 000 t build a hme fr a lw-incme family. After years f hard wrk, his dream has cme true. The huse is nw in the early stages f building.
Six years ag, Jsh and his dad went int a Habitat fr Humanity Restre, a hme imprvement stre and dnatin center run by the nnprfit rganizatin. They were there t buy a sink. Jsh, then 11, als nticed a cllectin f pennies. “I instantly felt the urge t help ut with that, ” he said. Jsh set a fundraising (筹款) deadline f fur years. Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100, 000, but it didn’t shake his faith. He raised mney at his schl and ther nearby schls. He cllected mney frm neighbrs, gt publicity frm lcal newspapers, and placed cans in stres s that peple culd dnate extra change.
Jsh’s fundraising effrts began t prduce results. Still, there were challenges. Fur mnths befre his deadline, he was$30, 000 shrt. He decided t hld a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner in Uxbridge, which isin the prvince f Ontari. The event raised $19, 000.
“I didn’t care hw lng it tk me, ” Jsh said, “I wuld raise $100, 000. ” With three weeks left, a cmpany called Jsh’s huse, ffering t dnate $18, 000. Eventually, Jsh reached a ttal f $124, 000 befre his deadline. “The mmentum just kept ging, and we decided t d mre, ” he said. “Jsh’s Penny Huse” is being built by Habitat fr Humanity in the city f Oshawa, alng with 24 new twnhuses. Jsh has helped with sme f the cnstructin, as have ther vlunteers. He will chse the family that mves int the unit.  
Next year, the 17-year-ld will head t cllege in British Clumbia, Canada’s westernmst prvince. As an 11-year-ld kid when starting fundraising, Jsh was able t send a pwerful message acrss the wrld. N matter hw ld yu are, if yu have a dream and are willing t d anything t achieve it, it can cme true.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一个11岁的少年因一次偶然的经历决定为低收入家庭募捐建房, 经过数年的不懈努力, 实现了这一梦想。
4. Which wrd can best describe Jsh Mrrisn in Paragraph 2?A. Straightfrward. 　　　　　B. Open-minded. C. Determined. D. Cautius. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。结合文中对Jsh Mrrisn筹款过程的描述以及第二段中的“Many peple dubted whether he culd reach his gal f $100, 000, but it didn’t shake his faith. ”可知, 尽管很多人怀疑他是不是能完成他10万美元的目标, 但是他信念坚定。由此可见他是“意志坚定的”。
5. Why was the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge held?A. T call fr mre attentin. B. T attain his gal. C. T win apprval frm the lcals. D. T find spnsrs fr a family. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“his gal f $100, 000”和第三段中的“Still, there were challenges. Fur mnths befre his deadline, he was $30, 000 shrt. He decided t hld a Family Fun Fair . . . $19, 000. ”可知, 在截止日期前的四个月, 离他的筹款目标还差30, 000美元, 于是他决定举办这个活动来达到目标。
6. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A. His prject became mre ppular. B. He received cntinuus dnatins. C. The result was beynd expectatin. D. He gt mre supprt frm the cmpany.
【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据下文中的“we decided t d mre”以及“‘Jsh’s Penny Huse’ is being built by Habitat fr Humanity in the city f Oshawa, alng with 24 new twnhuses. Jsh has helped with sme f the cnstructin”可知, 捐款势头一直保持下去, 他收到了比最初目标多的钱, 于是打算做更多, 他帮助建造Jsh’s Penny Huse以及24所新住宅来帮助需要的人, 所以画线处应意为“他继续收到捐款”。
7. What will be the best title f the text?A. An Astnishing FundraiserB. A By with a Warm HeartC. Kindness frm a CmpanyD. The Penny Huse Dream【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一个11岁的少年经过几年不懈的努力, 实现为低收入家庭募捐建房的梦想的经历。本文提到的“Jsh’s Penny Huse”是解题的暗示, 因此本文最佳标题是D。
C 　　Runners in a relay race pass a stick in ne directin. Hwever, merchants passed silk, gld, fruit, and glass alng theSilk Rad in mre than ne directin. They earned their living by traveling the famus Silk Rad.
The Silk Rad was nt a simple trading netwrk. It passed thrugh thusands f cities and twns. It started frm eastern China, acrss Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used frm abut 200 B. C. t abut 1300 A. D. , when sea travel ffered new rutes. It was smetimes called the wrld’s lngest highway. Hwever, the Silk Rad was made up f many rutes, nt ne smth path. They passed thrugh what are nw 18 cuntries. The rutes crssed muntains and deserts and had many dangers f ht sun, deep snw and even battles. Only experienced traders culd return safely.
The Silk Rad gt its name frm its mst prized prduct. Silk culd be used like mney t pay taxes r buy gds. But the traders carried mre than just silk. Gld, silver, and glass frm Eurpe were much fund in the Middle East and Asia. Hrses traded frm ther areas changed farming practices in China.
Indian merchants traded salt and ther valuable gds. Chinese merchants traded paper, which prduced an immediate effect n the West. Apples traveled frm central Asia t Rme. The Chinese had learned t graft different trees tgether t make new kinds f fruit. They passed this science n t thers, including the Rmans. The Rmans used grafting t grw the apple. Trading alng the Silk Rad led t wrld-wide business 2, 000 years befre the Wrld Wide Web. The peple alng the Silk Rad did nt share just gds. They als shared their beliefs. The Silk Rad prvided pathways fr learning, diplmacy(外交), and religin.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代丝绸之路的发展, 具体介绍了丝绸之路的由来、途经的国家和古时人们通过丝绸之路进行的贸易往来以及丝绸之路为东西方贸易发展和文化传播发挥的重要作用。8. What is required t be traders alng the Silk Rad?A. Remembering the entire trade rute. B. Dealing with a lt f difficulties. C. Receiving certain special training. D. Knwing the making f prducts.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中The rutes crssed muntains and deserts and had many dangers f ht sun, deep snw and even battles. Only experienced traders culd return safely. 这条路线要穿越高山和沙漠, 而且要面临烈日、深雪甚至战争的危险。只有经验丰富的商人才能安全返回。可知, 丝绸之路上的商人需要处理很多困难。
9. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?A. Silk was the mst prized prduct. B. The Silk Rad led t wrld-wide business. C. Peple traded many gds alng the rute. D. The Silk Rad used t be the wrld’s lngest highway.
【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第三段The Silk Rad gt its name frm its mst prized prduct. Silk culd be used like mney t pay taxes r buy gds. But the traders carried mre than just silk. Gld, silver, and glass frm Eurpe were much fund in the Middle East and Asia. Hrses traded frm ther areas changed farming practices in China. 丝绸之路得名于它最珍贵的产品。丝绸可以像货币一样用来纳税或购买商品。但是商人们所携带的不仅仅是丝绸。来自欧洲的金、银和玻璃大多在中东和亚洲被发现。其他地区的马匹交易改变了中国的农耕方式。可知, 第三段的主要内容是丝绸之路带动了世界范围内的贸易。
10. Hw des the new technlgy travel alng the Silk Rad?A. Trading gds alng the rute. B. Sharing each ther’s beliefs. C. Learning frm ne anther. D. Making a living by traveling.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中The Chinese had learned t graft different trees tgether t make new kinds f fruit. They passed this science n t thers, including the Rmans. The Rmans used grafting t grw the apple. 中国人已经学会了把不同的树嫁接在一起, 制造新的水果品种。他们把这门科学传给了其他人, 包括罗马人。罗马人用嫁接技术种植苹果。以及后文TheSilk Rad prvided pathways fr learning, diplmacy, and religin. 丝绸之路为学习、外交和宗教提供了途径。可知, 新技术是通过互相学习沿着丝绸之路传播的。
11. What is the best title fr the passage?A. The Silk Rad: East Meets WestB. The Silk Rad: Past and PresentC. The Silk Rad: Rutes Full f DangersD. The Silk Rad: Pathways fr Learning【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文, 文章介绍了古代丝绸之路, 全文围绕古丝绸之路促进了中西方的货物、技术和文化交流, 说明了丝绸之路为世界贸易发展和文化传播所起到的重要作用, 是东西方之间的桥梁。
D(2020·合肥一模) 　　Walls blanketed in mss(苔藓)are ppping up in majr cities, alng with prmises that they can reduce air pllutin—but can a few square metres f plant matter really deal with the smg?
A Berlin-based firm, Green City Slutins, believes s. Its mss walls, called the CityTree, are rughly 4 square metres in size. Armed with Wi-Fi sensrs t mnitr the health f mss, a City Tree functins autnmusly andrequires very little maintenance(维护). The wall cllects rainwater, which is pumped thrugh a built-in irrigatin system t the plants, pwered by slar energy. As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t “eat” arund 250 grams f particulate(颗粒的) matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remve abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. It als cls the surrunding air.
Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin (安装) is chsen carefully. Spts where pllutin is heavy due t traffic and where air flw is limited are picked. The imprtance f this stepis explained by the fact that the waste gas frm a car generally ges vertically a few kilmetres int the air.
But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. In the Netherlands, researchers fund that eight walls installed in Amsterdam failed t reduce the cncentratin f particulate matter (PM) and nitrgen dixide (NO2). Their reprt cncluded that even dubling the number f mss walls wuld d little t imprve their effectiveness.
The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. It’s imprtant t remember that street trees prvide a whle hst f ther benefits, including shelter and habitat fr urban wildlife, shade and cling fr peple n the street, and reductin f urban heat islands. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以号称能够减少空气污染的, 在大城市如雨后春笋般出现的CityTree——苔藓墙是否真的能对付雾霾展开了讨论, 分别从其功能、严格选址, 以及是否有效发挥作用方面进行了讲述。作者在文末提出个人观点: 苔藓墙并不能够取代公园和街道的树木。
12. What d we knw abut the CityTree?A. It can absrb sme air pllutants. B. It can irrigate ther street plants. C. It prduces electricity t cl water. D. It is aimed at saving water in cities.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“As a result, the firm says each CityTree is able t ‘eat’ arund 250 grams f particulate matter a day (nearly 90 kg a year) and remve abut 240 metric tns f CO2 annually. (每棵城市树每天可以“吃”大约250克的颗粒物(每年近90千克), 每年可以消除约240吨的二氧化碳。)”可知它有吸收一些空气污染物的功能。
13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?A. The imprtance f the CityTree. B. The functin f the CityTree. C. Hw t perate the CityTree. D. Where t place the CityTree.
【解析】选D。 段落大意题。通过阅读可知, 该段首句为本段主旨句, “Aware that getting the surrunding air in cntact with the mss wall is crucial fr the CityTree t be effective, the inventrs ensure that the lcatin f each installatin is chsen carefully. (考虑到让周围的空气与苔藓墙接触对城市树的有效性至关重要, 发明者确保每个装置的位置都是精心选择的。)”可知, 本段主要在讲述苔藓墙的安装位置。
14. Why is the example f Amsterdam mentined in Paragraph 4?A. T shw that the CityTree can’t always wrk well. B. T prve that the CityTree can reduce air pllutants. C. T emphasize the necessity f building mss walls. D. T analyze the reasns fr the failure f the prgram.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据英文文章的写作特点可知, 举例内容应是对本段主旨要点的支持或例证, 题干中提及举例内容“Amsterdam”紧跟于本段主旨要点之后, 是为了给主旨句例证。结合主旨内容“But this desn’t mean mss walls will necessarily prtect peple frm pllutin. ( 但这并不意味着苔藓墙一定会保护人们免受污染。)”由此判断出, 该例子是为了证明苔藓墙并不一定会发挥作用。
15. What is the authr’s attitude twards replacing street trees with mss walls?A. Ambiguus. B. Disapprving. C. Supprtive. D. Cautius. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章末尾段内容“The CityTree is nt meant fr parks r t substitute fr street trees, but t add greenery t cncrete-heavy spaces where planting is nt an ptin. (城市树并不是为公园设计的, 也不是用来替代街道上的树, 而是为混凝土密集的空间增加绿色植物, 在这些空间里不可以种植植物。)”可推知, 对于用苔藓墙取代街道上的树这种做法, 作者是反对的。
Ⅱ. 七选五The Buy Nthing Mvement Scial media, magazines and shp windws bmbard(轰击)peple daily with things t buy, and British cnsumers are buying mre clthes than ever befre. The average persn spends mre than ￡1, 000 n new clthes a year, which might nt sund like much. 　16　 A lt f cnsumer spending is by means f credit cards. British peple currently we abut ￡670 per adult t credit card cmpanies. Als, peple are spending mney they haven’t earned t buy things they dn’t need. Britain thrws away 300, 000 tns f clthing a year, mst f which ges int landfill(垃圾填埋地)sites.  
　17　But charity shps can’t sell all thse unwanted clthes. A lt f clthes that charities can’t sell are sent abrad, causing even mre ecnmic and envirnmental prblems.   　18　The idea riginated in Canada in the early 1990s and then mved t the US. On Buy Nthing Day peple rganize varius types f prtests and cut up their credit cards. Thrughut the year, Buy Nthing grups rganize the exchange and repair f items they already wn.  
The trend has nw reached influencers n scial media wh nw encurage their viewers nt t buy anything at all fr perids as lng as a year. Tw friends in Canada spent a year wrking twards buying nly fd. Fr the first three mnths they learned hw t live withut buying electrical gds, clthes r things fr the huse. Fr the next stage, they gave up services, fr example, haircuts, eating ut r buying petrl fr their cars. 　19　 
The changes they made meant fewer cars n the rads, a reductin in plastic and paper packaging and a psitive impact n the envirnment frm all the energy saved. 　20　But even if yu can’t manage a full year withut ging shpping, yu can participate in the anti-cnsumerist mvement by refusing t buy things yu dn’t need. A. In ne year, they’d saved $55, 000. B. If everyne fllwed a similar plan, the results wuld be impressive. C. Online shpping means it is easy fr custmers t buy withut thinking.  
D. Secnd-hand clthes are ften f t pr quality t recycle in charity shps. E. Hwever, a different trend arises in ppsitin t cnsumerism—the “buy nthing” trend. F. But that figure hides tw far mre wrrying trends fr sciety and fr the envirnment. G. Peple might nt realize the prblems because they dnate their unwanted clthes t charities. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今消费者购买了比以往更多但是自己并不需要的衣服的社会现象, 同时这一现象也带来了社会和环境方面的担忧。
16. 【解析】选F。根据下文“A lt f cnsumer spending is by means f credit cards. . . Als, peple are spending mney they haven’t earned t buy things they dn’t need. ”和“Britain thrws away 300, 000 tns f clthing a year, mst f which ges int landfill sites. ”可知, 人们买衣服时使用信用卡超前消费, 同时每年也会有30万吨的衣服进入垃圾站, 是对F项(但是那个数字背后隐藏了令社会和环境担忧的问题。)提出问题的具体解释说明。故选F项。
17. 【解析】选G。根据下文“A lt f clthes that charities can’t sell are sent abrad, causing even mre ecnmic and envirnmental prblems. ”可知, 慈善机构把那些不能售卖的服装运到国外, 这会引起更多的经济和环境问题。承接上文, 推出G项(因为人们把不需要的衣服都捐给慈善团体, 并没有意识到那些问题。)切题, 该选项中的“the prblems”对应下文中的“ecnmic and envirnmental prblems”。故选G项。
18. 【解析】选E。根据下文“The idea riginated in Canada in the early 1990s and then mved t the US. On Buy Nthing Day peple rganize varius types f prtests and cut up their credit cards. Thrughut the year, Buy Nthing grups rganize the exchange and repair f items they already wn. ”可知整个段落谈论的是关于“Buy Nthing Day”观念的起源和发展方式, 而E项(然而与消费主义相反的另一种趋势“不买”正在凸显。)提出“Buy Nthing Day”观念。故选E项。
19. 【解析】选A。根据上文“Tw friends in Canada spent a year wrking twards buying nly fd. Fr the first three mnths they learned hw t live withut buying electrical gds, clthes r things fr the huse. Fr the next stage, they gave up services, fr example, haircuts, eating ut r buying petrl fr their cars. ”可知这两个朋友用一年的时间分两个阶段拒绝购买除食物之外的其他商品, 而A项(一年时间, 他们节省了$55 000。)是这两个朋友节约行为产生的结果即节省了$55 000。故选A项。