2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》09(含答案)

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2021年高考英语二轮专题复习《阅读理解》09A1.   Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of music all over the world. But where did it come from?  Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music  was very popular with black Americans. “R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz. It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.  Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style. By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ’n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans. Their music was fast and loud. Many older people thought that rock ’n’ roll was very dangerous.  By the early 1960s, even rock ’n’ roll had become old-fashioned. Many of the songs had begun to sound the same. It was at that time that a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.  The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon developed their own style, with more complicated tunes. They also introduced different instruments. Groups like the Beatles had a very important influence on the style of popular music.  By the early 1970s, rock ’n’ roll had developed into a new form of music. Electronics had replaced the amplified guitars and drums of rock ’n’ roll. “Rock” had arrived.   Rock music had continued to change and develop. It had combined with music from different parts of the world. Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock. （1）When had rock ’n’ roll become very popular?
A.By the mid-1950s.
B.By the early 1960s.
C.By the mid-1960s.
D.By the early 1970s.
（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?
A.It was not an American group.
B.This group had their own style.
C.This group made American style songs popular.
D.The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.
（3）It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley________.
A.were singers of “R&B”
B.were singers in the mid-1950s
C.were members of the Beatles
D.were popular with old people
（4）What's the best title of the passage?
A.Popular Music
B.The History of Rock Music
C.Different Forms of Music in America
D.The Beatles  B2.Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had no idea how to do that.That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventually,however,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period,I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever. （1）What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.（2）According to Paragraph 2,it is most likely that the author　　　.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends（3）In his application for the volunteer job,the author　　　.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced strong competition from other candidates（4）On arrival at the village,the author was　　　.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in a schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house（5）What can we infer from the author’s experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.  C3.In his 1930 essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”, John Keynes,a famous economist,wrote that human needs fall into two classes:absolute needs,which are independent of what others have,and relative needs,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的),this is not true of absolute needs.Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120, 000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. （1）According to the passage,John Keynes believed that　　　.A.desire is the root of both absolute and relative needsB.absolute needs come from our sense of superiorityC.relative needs alone lead to insatiable demandsD.absolute needs are stronger than relative needs（2）What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?A.They want to show their superiority.B.They find specialty important to meals.C.Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.D.Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.（3）What does the underlined word“escalation”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Understanding.                 B. Increase.     C.Difference.                  D. Study.（4）The author of the passage argues that　　　.A.absolute needs have no limitsB.demands for quality are not insatiableC.human desires influence ideas of qualityD.relative needs decide most of our spending  D4.Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago.My next-door neighbor and fellow mother, Christie, and I were out in our front yards, watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children out alone,” said Christie.Then we worked out a plan: When Christie takes one of her children out, I’ll watch her other three.And when she watches two of mine, I’ll take someone out.The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time.Christie’s daughter, McKenzie, went first.When she returned, the other children showered her with tons of questions.McKenzie was smiling broadly.Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She’s like a different child when there’s no one else around，”Christie shared with me quietly.With her mother all to herself, McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention.Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie, I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times.For example, I am always surprised when my daughter, who is seldom close to me, holds my hand frequently.My stuttering (口吃) son, Tom, doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son, Sam, who’s always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child－talking, sharing, and laughing, which has been the biggest gain.Every child deserves (应得到) to be an only child at least once in a while.（1）What is the text mainly about?A.The experience of the only child being with mother.B.The advantage of spending time with one child at a time.C.The happy life of two families.D.The basic needs of children.（2）Right after McKenzie came back, the other children were ______.A.happy      B.curious     C.regretful       D.friendly（3）What is one of the changes the author finds in her children?A.The daughter acts like a leader.B.Sam holds her hand more often.C.The boys become better followers.D.Tom has less difficulty in speaking.（4）The author seems to believe that ______.A.having brothers and sisters is funB.it’s tiring to look after three childrenC.every child needs parents’ full attentionD.parents should watch others’ children  E5.Parents'meetings may be your worst nightmare （噩梦）．However，that's not always the case．The parents'meeting we had after our mid﹣term examinations，for instance，couldn't have been more surprising．Sitting in our chairs next to our parents，we felt like we were on pins and needles，expecting a final outburst when they examined our grades and rankings．However，our teacher came to our rescue．He told our parents the stress we faced in our daily school lives and how hard we had worked for the college entrance examination．"No matter the score，they all studied very hard and each one of them has made progress．They deserve encouragement rather than blame，"he said．When they heard these words，many parents nodded，their anger gone．Well，to be honest，we hadn't worked that hard before the meeting，but we decided we would try our best to live up to our teacher's expectations after it．Another highlight of this parents'meeting was when our parents read our letters that we had written in advance．In our daily lives，we are so busy doing homework and preparing for exams that we hardly have time to communicate with our parents．Yet this parents'meeting gave us an opportunity to show our appreciation．In the letters，we expressed our love for them and gratitude for everything they had done for us．Many parents burst into tears after reading their children's letters．So you see，our parents'meetings may not be as bad as we think．They could be opportunities to bring us closer to our parents．（1）What does the underlined phrase"on pins and needles"（in Para 2）mean？　  　A．Restless．B．Proud．C．Curious．D．Sleepy．（2）How did many parents feel before they heard the teacher's words？　   　A．Excited．B．Stressful．C．Disappointed．D．Angry．（3）Who was moved most during the meeting？　   　A．Students．B．Parents．C．Our teacher．D．Our headmaster．（4）Which of the following statements is TRUE？　  　A．The parents will try to live up to the teacher's expectations．B．The parent meeting brought the teacher and our parents closer．C．The parent meeting was held after the college entrance examination．D．The teacher showed great concern and understanding for the students．  F6.阅读下面的短文，完成下列各题：What is small talk? It means that the conversation is about some little things, which are not important. You can make small talk when waiting in line in the supermarket, or while waiting for a bus. Though the topics in small talk are not important, small talk itself is very important. It makes other people feel relaxed; it breaks the silence; it shows friendliness and good manners, and it makes time pass pleasantly.In small talk, it is important to remember to smile and keep the conversation relaxed. It's also good to show a sense  of  humor. You  could  talk  about weather, an interesting story in the news or on television, a sports event, a play or a movie, or you could ask parents about their new baby.What shouldn't you talk about? You should try not to talk about politics or  religion (宗教),  also,  you should try not to talk too long on a subject or ask questions that are too personal. Give other people a chance to speak and listen to what they say. If you two have different opinions on a topic, change it.（1）When can NOT a person make small talk?A．When he or she is waiting in line in the    supermarket.B．When he or she is waiting for a bus.C．When he or she is being interviewed for a job.D．All of the above.（2）Small talk can lead to the following results EXCEPT that ________.A．it breaks the silenceB．it shows friendliness and good mannersC．it makes time pass pleasantlyD．it makes other people feel nervous（3）What is the main idea of the passage?A．Small talk is very important.B．Some tips on how to make small talk.C．We should learn to make small talk.D．The things we shouldn't do in small talk.G7.Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.  Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.  Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.  The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.  Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. （1）What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.
B.Recycle the waste material.
C.Stop things falling off trucks.
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.（2）What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.（3）What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.
B.Replacing them can be difficult.
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
D.Producing them requires more energy.（4）What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or Neither
B.Industry, Pollution and Environment
C.Recycle or Throw Away
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control  H8.　　Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, distance of about eighty miles. It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.　　At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light.I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop.I looked left, right and behind me.Nothing.Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.　　I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.　　Much later that night, the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me.I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract(契约)we all have with each other.It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.　　Trust is our first inclination(倾向).Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay.We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.　　I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night. （1）Why did the author get impatient while driving?A.He was lonely on the road.B.He was slowed down by a truck.C.He got tired of driving too long.D.He came across too many traffic lights.（2）What was the author’s immediate action when the traffic light turned red?A.Stopping still.B.Driving through it.C.Looking around for other cars.D.Checking out for traffic police.（3）The event made the author strongly believe that　　　.A.traffic rules may be unnecessaryB.doubting others is human natureC.patience is important to driversD.a society needs mutual trust（4）Why was the author proud of himself?A.He kept his promise.B.He held back his anger.C.He followed his inclination.D.He made a right decision.  
0.参考答案1.答案及解析：答案：（1）A; （2）C; （3）B; （4）B解析：（1）细节理解题。根据第三段“By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ‘n’ roll, had become very popular.”可知。
（2）细节理解题。A、B、D三项所述均与文章第四、五段中的信息相符,这个乐队形成了自己的音乐风格,但并没有使美国风格的歌曲流行起来。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ‘n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans.”可知。
（4）标题归纳题。纵观全文可知,文章主要讲述了摇滚乐的发展史。  2.【参考答案】【文章大意】本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选做志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到了许多,改变了人生。（1）【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第一段第二句My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.可知,作者的大学教育注重的不是实践的,而是理论性的东西,故选A。（2）【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第二段最后两句In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.(总之,我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的,我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually,however,I won the support of my family(然而,最后我赢得了家人的赞同)可以推断出,作者是同家人讨论、商量过的。故选A。（3）【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第三段的第二句After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.可推知,最后只有一个人可以胜出,因此作者经历了激烈的竞争。（4）【解析】选C。细节理解题。从On arrival at the village我们可以定位到文中After completing my training这个信息,由第四段Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family.可知,一到达这个村庄时,作者就受到村民的热情接待,故选C。（5）【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段第一句中I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did可推断,他由当初不适应到适应这些,是有困难的,故选A。  3.【参考答案】【文章大意】John Keynes在1930年提出了“人们的相对需求是无止境的,而绝对需求则不然”的观点。然而本文作者却用事实证明了绝对需求也是无止境的。（1）【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句和第二段可知,John Keynes相信只有相对的需求是无止境的。（2）【解析】选D。推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句中提出追求事物的质量也是决定消费的因素,然后用一对夫妇吃晚餐的事例来证明这一观点。所以说这对夫妇对晚餐的选择与质量观念有关。（3）【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第四段的事例可知,人们对质量的需求是不断地增长的,即对于质量的需求的增长是没有明显限制的。（4）【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第二段第二句可知,作者认为“只有相对的需求是无止境的”这一观点是错的,言外之意,绝对的需求也是无止境的。而在最后一段最后一句中,作者又明确提出了追求质量的需求(即绝对需求)是没有限制的。故作者认为绝对需求是没有限制的。【长难句分析】In his 1930 essay“Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”, John Keynes,a famous economist,wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs,which are independent of what others have,and relative needs,which make us feel superior to our fellows.分析：本句是个复合句。句子主干是:John Keynes wrote...。句中a famous economist是John Keynes的同位语;that引导的是宾语从句,作wrote的宾语;which are independent of what others have和which make us feel superior to our fellows是定语从句,分别修饰先行词absolute needs和relative needs。译文：John Keynes在1930年写的论文《我们后代的经济前景》中写道:人类的需求可以分为两类——一类是绝对的需求,这种需求是与别人无关的;另一类是相对的需求,这种需求的满足能够使我们感觉比他人更优越。  4.【参考答案】（1）B；（2）B；（3）D；（4）C；  5.【参考答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）B；（4）D；  6.答案为：C　细节理解题。由第一段可知，A、B两项所述情况均可进行闲聊。根据闲聊的定义，参加工作面试是正式场合，不应进行闲聊。D　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知A、B、C三项都是闲聊的作用，只有D项不是。B　主旨大意题。本文先解释了什么是闲聊，然后又讲了哪些是应该做的，哪些是不应该做的。所以只有B项能体现文章的主旨大意。7.答案及解析：答案：（1）D; （2）A; （3）D; （4）A解析：文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋尽管容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。（2）词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bans on plastic bags,故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知,塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故选D。（4）标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比,Plastic, Paper or Neither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者,最适合作为标题。故选A。  8.【参考答案】【文章大意】作者通过在深夜无人的晚上等红灯这件事,说明了等红灯是一种人与人之间的信任和约定,一个社会的建设依靠的也是人与人之间的信任。（1）【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的“Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.”可知。我失去耐心,是因为一辆开得很慢的卡车使我不断地停下来。故选B。（2）【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段的“as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop.”可知,当遇到红灯时,作者的第一反应是停下来。（3）【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四、五段可知,通过这件事情,作者认为人与人之间要相互信任。故选D。（4）【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者自豪的是那天晚上他停下等红灯了。这是一个正确的决定,故选D。A项表示“他遵守诺言”;B项表示“他抑制住了愤怒”;C项表示“他遵从自己的意愿”。