2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国文化（二）

这是一份2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国文化（二），共13页。
Fr mre than 2,000 years the Chinese peple have been guided by the ideals f Cnfucianism. Its funder and greatest teacher was Cnfucius, whse humane philsphy als influenced the civilizatin f all f eastern Asia. Many legends were spread t illustrate Cnfucius’ beliefs. Accrding t ne stry, he and his fllwers passed a cemetery where a wman was weeping at a graveside. She tld them she was crying because “my husband’s father was killed here by a tiger, and my husband als, and nw my sn has met the same fate”. When they asked her why she did nt leave such a fatal spt, she answered that in this place there was n ppressive gvernment. “Remember this, my children,” said Cnfucius, “ppressive gvernment is fiercer and mre feared than a tiger”.
In such teaching and with such wise sayings, Cnfucius tried t bring peple a respect fr the teachings f the wise men f lder generatins. He always said f himself that he was a “transmitter, nt a maker”. He cllected and edited the petry, the music, and the histrical writings f what he cnsidered the glden age.
Cnfucius laid n claim t being mre than a man. Yet when he died he was admired almst as gd. Temples were cnstructed in his hnr in every city f China. His grave at Kufw, in what is nw Shandng Prvince, became a place f pilgrimage.
Thugh Cnfucianism is cmmnly called a religin, it is rather a system f mral cnduct. Cnfucius did nt talk f Gd but f gdness. He did nt teach abut any gd, simply saying, “Respect the gds, but have as little t d with them as pssible.” His attentin was centered n making peple better in their lifetime, and his Analects are wise sayings similar t the Prverbs in the Bible.
Cnfucius is the Latinized frm f the philspher’s Chinese name, which was K’ung-fu-tzu, meaning Master K’ung. He was brn in a pr but nble family. His father died when the by was 3 years ld. When he was nly 6, peple nted his fndness fr setting ut sacrifices and fr ceremny. After his marriage at age 19, he wrked fr the gvernr f his district, first a keeper f stres and then as an verseer f parks and livestck. At the age f 22 he began his life as a teacher by establishing a schl. He accepted valuable aid frm sme f his students, but he als welcmed students wh culd affrd t pay nly a small fee.
After sme years f teaching and travel, he settled in Shandng fr 15 years. When he was 52 years ld, he was rewarded with an appintment as gvernr f a prvince and never failed t win the credit he deserved. He perfrmed his task s well that a neighbring gvernr became jealus. Later, Cnfucius traveled arund ther kingdms and wandered abut fr 13 years. Eventually, he returned t his native state f Lu in his 69th year and died three years later.
1.The stry f the wman in Para.1 is mentined t shw ________.
A.Cnfucius was creative and sympathetic
B.the gvernment then was fiercer than a tiger
C.Cnfucius’ s beliefs are very ppular
D.Cnfucius ften wanted t influence peple
2.Accrding t the authr, Cnfucius himself ________.
A.was tired f spreading his teachings in his late year.
B.was nt interested in refrming the sciety
C.did nt want peple t wrship him as gd
D.shwed great disrespect fr the nble families
3.What des the underlined sentence in Para.4 mean?
A.Cnfucianism is different frm cmmn religin.
B.Gd blesses thse wh shw respect and gdness.
C.Peple are advised t keep a distance frm gds.
D.Cnfucius highlights the imprtance f virtue.
4.In the eyes f the authr, Cnfucius’ plitical life________.
A.was highly successful
B.turned ut t be a surprise
C.was bund t fail because f his belief
D.was nt s imprtant as his teaching life
5.As regards Cnfucius and his teachings, the tne f the passage is marked with________.
A.bjective spiritB.deep admiratin
C.great pennessD.bvius surprise
二、
The Trch Festival(火把节)is a traditinal festival which is celebrated amng sme ethnic grups in suthwestern China, such as the Yi, Bai, Hani, Lisu, and Lahu, etc. It usually falls n the 24th r 25th f June, with three days f celebratins. The festival came frm wrship(崇拜)f fire by ancestrs(祖先). Fr sme ethnic grups, it’s a traditin in the festival fr elders t share farming experience with yung peple and educate them abut taking care f crps.
During the festival, big trches are made t stand in all villages, with small trches placed in frnt f the dr f each huse. When night falls, the trches are lit and the villages are bright. At the same time, peple walk arund the fields and huses, hlding small trches and placing them in the field crners. Inside the villages, yung peple are singing and dancing arund the big trches that keep burning thrughut the night. Other activities like hrse races are als held during the festival.
In a hrse race f the Yi peple in Yunnan, trches are used t frm hurdles fr riders t get thrugh. The Hani peple in Yunnan traditinally tie fruits t trches with strings. When the strings are brken after the trches are lit, peple struggle fr the fruits fr gd luck.
Fr the Lisu peple in Sichuan, the festival is an ccasin fr hlding trch parades. Big trches are carried by teams f peple, which is like a fire dragn. If different teams meet, it’s a traditin t exchange the big trches with ne anther.
1.What can we knw abut the Trch Festival frm the first paragraph?
A.It has nthing t d with farming.
B.Its celebratins usually last tw days.
C.It is a traditinal festival f all China.
D.It is a festival t shw wrship f fire.
2.What des the underlined wrd “them” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.AncestrsB.Yung pepleC.EldersD.Ethnic grups
3.What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A.Why the festival is enjyed.
B.Where the festival is celebrated.
C.Hw the festival is celebrated.
D.What trches are used fr the festival.
4.Which is a way that Lisu peple in Sichuan celebrate the festival accrding t the text?
A.Hlding trch parades.
B.Tying fruits t trches with strings.
C.Struggling fr fruits fr gd luck.
D.Using trches as hurdles fr a hrse race.
三、
A 63-year-ld Chinese carpenter's traditinal skills have becme an unexpected Internet hit as he creates wdwrk with a single piece f wd, withut glue, screws r nails. Wang De wen, knwn as “Grandpa Amu” n YuTube, has been praised as the mdern day Lu Ban, a well-knwn Chinese structural engineer during the Zhu Dynasty, thanks t his rich carpentry(木工手艺)knwledge.
Grandpa Amu's mst ppular vide, which shws him making a delicate wden arch bridge, has gne viral n YuTube, gaining mre than 40 millin views. "If yu d smething, yu have t lve it, and yu have t be interested in it; hwever, being interested desn't mean there's nly happiness and n pain." Grandpa Amu shared when talking abut his excellent carpentry skills.
His mst ppular wrks include a flding stl, a mdel f the China pavilin frm the 2010 Shanghai Exp, and an apple-shaped interlcking puzzle, knwn as a Lu Ban lck. Grandpa Amu fllws an ancient Chinese mrtise and tenn(榫卯)technique, which means n nails r glue are invlved in the entire prcess f building the arch bridge.
The master carpenter has als made several wden tys fr his grandsn using the same technique. His yung grandsn's favrites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blwing machine. Attracting ver 1. 17 millin fans n YuTube, Grandpa Amu's vides s far have gained mre than 200 millin views.
His wnderful wdwrking skills, using .the same mrtise and tenn jints fund in the Frbidden City, were develped frm the age f thirteen as a way f supprting his family in East China's Shandng Prvince. “The grandsn is s happy» as there have been s many fine and unique tys made by grandpa frm an early age," cmmented ne netizen; while anther said "It's amazing. I hpe these traditinal crafts can be passed n!”
1.Why is Grandpa Amu regarded as the mdern day Lu Ban?
A.Fr his simple wrds.B.Fr his ppular vides.
C.Fr his carpentry skills.D.Fr his excellent arch bridge.
2.What d Grandpa Amu's remarks mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Thery is frm pracitce.B.Success depends n lve.
C.Excellent skills lie in hard wrk.D.Happiness cmes frm interest.
3.What is the unique feature f Grandpa Amu's craft wrks?
A.N nails r glue.B.Delicate design.
C.The apple shape.D.The wden material.
4.What message des this text mainly cnvey?
A.Being ppular means mre fans.
B.Perfect skills earn mre mney.
C.Supprting family needs mre skills.
D.Traditinal crafts deserve passing n.
四、
The Beijing Yuth Daily n Thursday called attentin t the struggles f traditinal peras in China.
The newspaper said the number f unique traditinal Chinese pera styles had decreased t 286 frm 368 in 1959, with three disappearing every tw years n average. Altgether, 74 pera styles had nly ne trupe left, and mst were at the risk f fading away.
Xie Bliang, a prfessr at the Natinal Academy f Chinese Theatre Arts, said, “It is well knwn that peple shuld be held accuntable fr sil ersin, but why d we feel at ease when traditinal peras fade away?”
Overwhelmed by mdern culture and entertainment such as mvies, TV prgrams and pp music, traditinal Chinese peras have been severely marginalized. Despite being included n the state-level Intangible Cultural Heritage list, sme peras still have n place t perfrm.
Because f the market slump (衰退) and lw salaries, mre traditinal Chinese pera practitiners are finding ther wrk, as are many directrs and playwrights. Sun Jiazheng, chairman f the China Federatin f Literary and Art Circles, said traditinal peras are imprtant carriers f Chinese culture, and shuld be preserved.
The State Cuncil issued a circular in July calling fr the prmtin and prtectin f traditinal Chinese peras, saying that it wuld allcate financial supprt and extend preferential plicies t pera trupes and schls.
1.What des the underlined wrd “marginalized”in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Ignred.B.Prmted.C.Prevented.D.Emphasized.
2.What is the purpse f this passage?
A.T criticize lw salaries fr the practitiners.
B.T shw the cmparisn f different cultures.
C.T tell peple traditinal Chinese peras are facing danger.
D.T call fr peple t dnate t traditinal Chinese peras.
3.The passage might cme frm _____.
A.a science fictinB.a news website
C.a brchure abut perasD.the intrductin f an art gallery
五、
WHAT’S ON
STAGE
Russian dances: The famus“Little White Birth”Dance Trupe will travel frm Russia t Present perfrmances in Beijing.
The trupe, funded in 1948, is famus fr their cmbinatin f Russian flk dances and classical dancing art.
It has been invited by the Beijing Freign Culture Exchange C t give fur perfrmances in Beijing.
Tickets are available(可得到的)thrugh ticket htlines and website such as www. pai. cm.cn, www.chinaticket. cm and www.ticket. elng. cm
Time: 7:30 pm, January 18—21
Place: Beizhan Theatre, 135, Xiwai Dajie, Xicheng District
Tel: 6606—4258
EXHIBITIONS
Kite shw: All tgether 81 kites cllected by the China Natinal Art Museum is n shw in the Yanhuang Art Museum.
Kng Xiangze, an expert n Chinese kites, published a bk n kites, explaining the rigins f the Kite—making prcess. The exhibited kites are made in a traditinal Chinese style.
Time: 9 am—5 pm until February 11
Place: 9 Huizhng Lu
Tel: 6491—2902
CONCERTS
Flk music: A cncert f classics f Chinese flk music will greet audiences n the first day f the Year f Snake at the Beijing Cncert Hall.
The China Sng and Dance Ensemble will perfrm dzens f traditinal instrumental pieces, such as “Full f Jy,” “Clurful Clud Chasing the Mn,” and “Spring Festival Suite.”
Time: 7:30 pm, January 24
Place: 1, Beixinhuajie, Xicheng District
Tel: 6559—8285
EVENTS
Flwer festival:The Beijing Btanical Garden is bringing peple a blming festival with the beautiful flwers in its trpical(热带)plants greenhuse.
The garden has intrduced nearly 80 kinds f flwers frm abrad fr the exhibitin.
There is als an exhibitin f ptted narcissus(水仙)landscapes(风景). Mre than 300 mini landscapes invlving imprted narcissus will be displayed. Peple can get a preview f the shw by visiting www. beijingbd. cm, the garden’s website.
Time: 8:30 am -5pm until January 28
Place: Wfsi Lu near the Fragant Hills
Tel: 8259—5547
1.Suppse yu are t far away frm Beijing r yu can’t spare time t g there in persn, which f the fllwing shw can yu enjy all the same?
A.Russian dancesB.Kite shwC.Flk musicD.Flwer festival
2.The phrase “get a preview f” used in the passage means ______.
A.watch in advanceB.see clearly
C.get gd psitin fD.get a general idea f
3.If yu and yur classmates have a free evening t spend n the 19th f January, which is a useful number t call?
A.6606—4258B.6491—2902C.6559—8285D.8259—5547
六、
Bai Ye, directr f the China Cntemprary Literature Study Assciatin, had a dialgue with a famus Canadian critic at an event in Beijing n cultural translatin and studies. As they discussed Canadian literature, Bai gave examples f several authrs that he liked. The Canadian critic, n the ther hand, culd nt think f any Chinese writer whse wrks she had read.
"She tld me t wait and she wuld think f ne that she really lved. She didn't think f the name until we dined tgether later. It was Li Bai," he says. That almst hit Bai like a blw, because the pet Li lived in the Tang Dynasty (618 -907). "I study nly Chinese literature, but I read a lt f freign literary wrks. Obviusly, freign readers knw nthing abut Chinese literature. And I think it's time fr us t change that situatin," Bai says.
The majr purpse f the event hsted at Beijing Language and Culture University was t discuss hw t translate and intrduce excellent cntemprary Chinese literary wrks t verseas readers.
In China, mre than 7,000 writers have registered (登记)with the China Writers Assciatin, creating mre than 3,000 nvels each year. But nly sme 200-plus Chinese writers have been intrduced verseas.
Mai Jia, authr f "Decded" and "In the Dark", is the nly cntemprary Chinese writer whse wrks have been translated int 27 languages, says Xu Bafeng, anther participant at the event. Xu says there shuld have been mre Chinese writers whse wrks culd be read by verseas readers, since they create really great wrks.
Bai says freign readers nw tend t read stries abut mdem urban life in China rather than tales set in rural areas in ld times, such as M Yan's "Red Srghum". We prmte verseas what we think are excellent wrks, but many freign readers want t read the histrical prgress in the last 40 years since the refrm and pening-up started... Hwever, we dn't have such nvels. S I think we shuld first create sme excellent wrks n tpics such as migrant wrkers," says Bai.
Lu Min, vice-chairman f the writers assciatin in Jiangsu prvince, dismisses such writings. "Can literature be custm-made (定做的) like ther prducts?" she asked. "Freign readers want t learn abut Chinese sciety thrugh literature, which shuld be the functin f the media," she says.
1.What des the underlined sentence mean?
A.That made Bai feel unable t help.B.That made Bai feel shcked.
C.That made Bai feel much admiratin.D.That made Bai feel annyed.
2.What can we learn frm the passage?
A.Xu Bafeng translated "Decded" fr verseas readers.
B.M Yan's "Red Srghum" has a lt t d with mdern life.
C.Cntemprary wrks n migrant wrkers may aruse the interest f verseas readers.
D.Mst cntemprary Chinese writers' wrks have enjyed great ppularity amng verseas readers.
3.Which culd be Lu Min's pinin n literature?
A.It is the media's duty t spread it.
B.It tells mre abut a sciety than the media.
C.It needs t include tpics such as migrant wrkers.
D.It shuldn't be created based n freign readers' favr.
4.What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A.What tpics being ppular amng freign readers.
B.Freign readers' impressin f Chinese literature.
C.Prmting cntemprary literature studies in China.
D.Intrducing excellent cntemprary Chinese literature verseas.
答案以及解析
一、答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.B
解析：1.一、二两段主要论述了孔子思想影响之广。
2.第三段中的He always said f himself that he was a “transmitter, nt a maker”. 以及第四段中的Cnfucius laid n claim t being mre than a man, 可知孔子谦虚态度。
3.第五段的段意,孔子强调人的美德。
4.第七段He perfrmed his task s well that a neighbring gvernr became jealus and pltted his ver-thrw中可知孔子政绩优异。
5.通读全文可知作者以赞赏的口吻介绍了孔子。
二、答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息 the first paragraph 可定位至文章第一段第三句 The festival came frm wrship (崇拜) f fire by ancestrs (祖先).由此可知,火把节源于祖先对于火的崇拜。故正确答案为D。
2.猜测词义题。根据文章第一段最后一句 Fr sme ethnic grups, it’s a traditin in the festival fr elders t share farming experience with yung peple and educate them abut taking care f crps. 可知,对于一些少数民族来说,年长者与年轻人分享种植经验并教育他们如何照料庄稼是节日的传统。这里的 them 指代前半句中的 yung peple,因此B项符合文意。故正确答案为B。
3.主旨大意题。A项,“为什么人们喜欢这个节日”,B项,“在哪里庆祝节日”,C项,“如何庆祝节日”,D项,“这个节日用的是什么火把”。根据文章第二段倒数第一、二句 Inside the villages, yung peple are singing and dancing arund the big trches that keep burning thrughut the night. Other activities like hrse races are als held during the festival.可知第二段主要讲的是人们在火把节如何庆祝。故C项正确。故正确答案为C。
4.细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息 Lisu peple 可定位至文章最后一段中第一句 Fr the Lisu peple in Sichuan, the festival is an ccasin fr hlding trch parades.由此可知,拿着火炬游行是四川傈僳族人火把节的庆祝方式。故正确答案为A。
三、答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
四、答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B
解析：1.词义猜测题,根据第四段Overwhelmed by mdern culture and entertainment such as mvies,TV prgrams and pp music,traditinal Chinese peras have been severely marginalized.可知前面提到传统文化被一些现代艺术形式所淹没,故Ignred(被忽视)与marginalized意义相近,所以A选项是正确的.
2.主旨大意题,通读全文可知本文主要介绍了中国传统曲艺正在面临的严峻形势,所以C选项是正确的.
3.文章出处题,根据第一段The Beijing Yuth Daily n Thursday called attentin t the struggles f traditinal peras in China.以及第二段The newspaper said 可知本篇文章时效性很强,而且是一个新闻报道,所以B选项是正确的.
五、答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第四部分“Peple can get a preview f the shw by visiting www. beijingbd. cm, the garden’s website.”(人们可以通过拜访www. beijingbd. Cm,花园网址,观看展览的试映。)可知人们可以在网络上观看鲜花节的试映,所以如果不在北京且没有时间亲自去的话,通过网络一样可以享受鲜花节。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据短语所在原句“Peple can get a preview f the shw by visiting www. beijingbd. cm, the garden’s website.”(人们可以通过拜访www. beijingbd. Cm,花园网址,观看展览的试映。)可知,人们可以通过浏览网站进行观看,根据常识,我们通常会网络上先看到一项活动的预告片,所以推测短语“get a preview f”意为“提前观看”。故选A。
3.推理判断题。分析题目可知,在2月19号的晚上有时间,根据“Russian dances”的时间信息“Time: 7:30 pm, January 18—21”可知,应该拨打电话6606—4258。故选A。
六、答案：1-4.BCDD
解析：1.考查句意理解。根据文章第二段中的 "She tld me t wait and she wuld think f ne that she really lved. She didn't think f the name until we dined tgether later. It was Li Bai" "freign readers knw nthing abut Chinese literature" 可知,这位加拿大文学评论家说她喜欢唐代的李白,而且外国读者对中国文学几乎一无所知,这让白烨感到吃惊,所以B项正确。
2.考查推理判断。根据第六段可知外国读者喜欢阅读当代中国文学,尤其是外来务工人员的城市生活,所以C项正确。
3.考查推理判断。由第六段和最后一段中的 "'Can literature be custm-made(定做的)... f the media'" 可推知,鲁敏认为文学不应该建立在外国读者喜欢的基础上,所以D项正确。A项是偷换概念, Lu Min是想说外国读者可以通过媒体去了解中国社会。B项是推理过度。C项正是Lu Min所不赞成的。
4.考查主旨大意。通读全文并由第三段内容 "The majr purpse f the event... t verseas readers" 可知,将更多优秀的当代中国文学引向海外既是研讨活动的主题也是本文的主旨,所以选D项。