2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国社会（二）

这是一份2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解 中国社会（二），共13页。
Wang Ta, a Chinese fashin designer, released her fall-winter 2019 cllectin in New Yrk n February 9, the tenth time her brand,Taray Wang,has been featured at the New Yrk Fashin Week.
Sitting n the frnt rw f the shw were U. S. President Dnald Trump’s yunger daughter Tiffany Trump with her mther Marla Maples,as well as frmer Fx News hst Kimberly Guilfyle.
Tiffany Trump, a fan f Taray Wang, wre a white duble-breasted cat by Wang t her father’s inauguratin(就职典礼) ceremny in January 2017.
Wang's latest cllectin ,Eternity, is partly inspired by Tiffany Trump. In this cllectin, Wang cmbines the uncnventinal beauty f the 1970s, represented by famus American mdel Lauren Huttn and the female lk favred by peple such as Tiffany Trump.
The tw wmen are frm tw different age grups with tw different styles but bth are cnfident and brave, said Wang while attending her shw in Manhattan. “Beauty is nt abut time r age. It's all abut attitude."
Alng with China's grwing ecnmic strength,Chinese fashin has gradually gained wrldwide attentin, said Wang, adding that nly when mre and mre freigners wear clthes designed by Chinese peple, will it mean a real rise f Chinese fashin n the glbal stage.
Wang has a diverse backgrund. With a degree in histry frm East China Nrmal University in Shanghai, Wang gt a secnd degree in fashin frm Japan's tp fashin institute Tky Mde Gakuen, where she received five internatinal awards in design. She was selected by Junk Kshin-a well-knwn Japanese designer, t head the studi as the chief men's designer.
T realize her glbal career ambitins, Wang then left Japan t g t the UK where she wrked as a leading designer. In 2002 she returned t China and led the repsitining f bradcast:b,making it ne f the tp 10 Chinese wmen’s labels. Wang is currently a bard member f the Shanghai Rib Fashin Grup.
1.Why are Tiffany Trump and Lauren Huttn mentined in the passage?
A.They share the same hbby.
B.They are famus American mdels.
C.They are bth cnfident and brave.
D.They have given Wang's inspiratin fr her latest cllectin.
2.Which f the fllwing is true abut Wang Ta?
A.The fall-winter 2019 cllectin was her first internatinal award in design.
B.She majred in design while studying in East China Nrmal University.
C.It was the tenth time that her brand,Taray Wang had appeared at the New Yrk Fashin Week.
D.She nce left Japan fr the UK t make her frtune.
3.We can cnclude frm the passage that ________.
A.bth Taray Wang and b are ppular fashin brands
B.Wang Ta is the mst famus fashin designer in China
C.Tiffany Trump and her mther Marla Maples are fans f Wang Ta
D.mre and mre freigners are wearing clthes designed by Chinese peple
4.Which is the best title f the text?
A.China’s fashin industry
B.The New Yrk Fashin Week
C.Taray Wang—a famus fashin brand
D.Wang Ta —a famus Chinese fashin designer
二、
A reprt revealed that abut 85% f the wrking mthers surveyed felt that their parenthd had affected their career “in a significant way”. Over 30% f them said that they went thrugh a “lng perid f mental distress” befre annuncing their pregnancy at wrk, and 35% said their bsses immediately started lking fr their replacements after learning abut their pregnancy.
While Chinese wmen may n lnger sacrifice their careers fr their husbands, they are still expected t d s fr their children. The study fund that nearly half f the mthers left the labr frce fr at least ne year after giving birth, amng whm rughly 20% ended up becming stay-at-hme mms. When asked abut the impact f mtherhd n their identities and life gals, nearly 35% said that the mst prfund change was hw they started t balance between family and wrk.
The adjustment, hwever, is nt always by chice. Respnding t a questin abut the distributin f child-care labr in their hme, almst 40% f the wrking mthers said that their husbands “basically spent n time n parenting.” Mrever, ver half f the husbands didn't use up their paternity leave(陪产假),whereas abut 21 percent never tk it at all.
Anther key finding frm the survey was that althugh it's illegal fr Chinese cmpanies t ask a wman abut family plans, many emplyers still d. The unlawful yet prevalent practice has been a main factr influencing wmen's decisins abut timing f mtherhd. The survey shwed that abut 40% f the childless respndents delayed parenthd because f “ the time it wuld take,” which they thught wuld have a negative impact n their prmtin pprtunities.
In thery, there has never been a better time than nw fr wrking mthers in China t shine. Faced with an aging ppulatin and shrinking wrkfrce, Chinese fficials encurage Chinese wmen t have babies while wrking at the same time.
1.What can be cncluded frm the first paragraph?
A.Sme wmen chse t hide their pregnancy.
B.Pregnant wrking wmen will be replaced immediately.
C.Half f wrking mthers g thrugh lng-term depressin.
D.Mst wrking mthers are significantly affected by parenthd.
2.What are Chinese wmen expected t d accrding t the passage?
A.T help their husbands' career.
B.T becme stay-at-hme mms.
C.T sacrifice their careers fr their children.
D.T be successful bth at hme and in cmpany.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “prevalent”?
A.cmmnB.bviusC.embarrassingD.ptential
4.What is the main idea f the passage?
A.Wmen have greater pressure than men.
B.Pregnancy and mtherhd affect wrking wmen.
C.Balance between wrk and family is unavailable.
D.Wrking mms have less prmtin pprtunities.
三、
Liu Jingyang, a 28-year-ld bank clerk living in Beijing, lves watching fd shws n live-streaming platfrm after a lng day at wrk. She feels that viewing the vlggers (视频博主)eating is very relaxing at bedtime. “It’s a very healing prcess t just think abut nthing while watching peple eat all that clrful and inviting fd and seeing their verreactins as they enjy it,” Liu tld Beijing Review. She said she is als curius abut hw peple can eat mre than 10 times what she can.
Hwever, sme f these big eaters have recently been caught “fake eating,” vmiting(呕吐)after pretending t have eaten, leading t much fd waste. They immediately came under fire frm the public. The anger was fueled because many critics are aware that apprximately ne in nine peple in the wrld are starving, based n statistics frm the UN Fd and Agriculture Organizatin (FAO).
In additin, fd-wasting fd shws are misleading because they g against the virtue f thriftiness, Cheng Shengkui, a researcher at the Institute f Gegraphic Sciences and Natural Resurces Research, the Chinese Academy f Sciences, tld state bradcaster China Central Televisin (CCTV).
Befre gaining ppularity in China in abut 2014, fd shws were already big hits in cuntries such as the Republic f Krea and Japan. The muth-watering treats and large meals are the main reasns fr attracting viewers, accrding t a paper published in 2018 in Tday’s Massmedia, a Chinese academic jurnal.
The big eaters’ incme mainly cmes frm advertisements, dnatins r tips by viewers, r sales f prducts. But as the market became mre prfitable, sme peple wh can’t really eat a huge amunt f fd, but still wanted t grab the mney frm audiences and advertisers, began t resrt t fake eating.
With mre media reprts expsing dishnest acts and fd waste, the industry has had t underg refrm. Several live-streaming platfrms have annunced that they will strengthen inspectin f fd shws, while sme live-streamers viced ppsitin t fd waste and advcated thriftiness.
1.Why des the authr mentin Liu Jingyang in the first paragraph?
A.T intrduce the tpic f fd waste.
B.T shw why fd-eating prgrams are ppular.
C.T begin a discussin n ways t reduce fd waste.
D.T shw vlggers frm an rdinary persn’s perspective.
2.What des the underlined wrd “thriftiness” mean?
A.Eating smartly.B.Living healthily.
C.Valuing life.D.Being ecnmical.
3.What actually makes vlggers prduce such fd-wasting shws?
A.T get relaxatin.B.T make mre mney.
C.T attract mre viewers.D.T becme famus.
4.What may be the future f fd shws accrding t the passage?
A.They will be cancelled.
B.They will be expanded in time.
C.They will be carefully mnitred.
D.They will experience ups and dwns.
四、
We knw that China is the largest and fastest-grwing cnsumer market in the wrld. What is less well understd are the frces that shape cnsumerism in the wrlds mst ppulus cuntry. In my view, there are sme scial and cultural aspects at play that drive cnsumer spending.
Cnsumerism is related t freedm. T have. a chice means t have cnsumer chice. Yu are what yu cnsume. Cnsumptin is an expressin f sel. It allws yu t explre the wrld thrugh its prducts, t experiment with lifestyle chices,and t d s safely and annymusly (匿名地). Yu might never get t France, but yu can try French wine. Califrnia might be faraway, but yu can g t Shanghai Disneyland. Indeed,the enthusiasm fr chice is reflected in the enthusiasm Chinese cnsumers have fr nline shpping.
Cnsumerism is a statement f success. American ecnmist Thrstein Veblen ppularized the cncept f “cnspicuus cnsumptin" . When cnsumptin is n lnger driven nly by need, it becmes a way f making a statement that yu have dispsable (可支配的) incme and yu can-al least in certain respects- enjy life n yur terms. Simple pleasures--a pair f Nikes,a smartphne,designer clthing becme statements f persnal identity,
Cllective experience is fcused. We like participating in grup events. FOMO, the Fear f Missing Out, ges beynd cultures. But I suspect this trend is strnger in China than in the West because Cnfucian culture des nt celebrate utliers as the West des. Scial media reinfrces ( 强化) this cllective pattern s that shpping and dining are shared experiences. Opinins are crwd-surced. And the merchants reinfrce this pattern by supprting hliday sales ,grup buying, and ther prmtins.
Successful brands in China are able t handle mst r all f the abve cnsideratins. The cnsumer must nt nly be delighted with yur prduct, The jurney f the cnsumer must als respect these sci-cultural aspects.
1.What's mainly talked abut in the passage?
A.China's ppulatin grwing wealthier.
B.China's fast-grwing market ecnmy.
C.Chinese sci-cultural influences n cnsumerism.
D.Chinese cnsumers' preference f quality t quantity.
2.What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A.Shpping nline is a new experience.
B.Cnsumptin can be a reflectin f freedm.
C.Freign prducts can be purchased in China.
D.Shpping arund the wrld is a favrable chice.
3.What des the underlined wrds “cnspicuus cnsumptin” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.The ability t cver ne's real needs in daily life.
B.Spending mney in rder t keep up with thers.
C.The purchase f expensive items t display status.
D.Buying abundant gds t acquire persnal identity.
4.Why des the authr think FOMO is strnger in China?
A.Scial media play a bigger rle in their lives.
B.Fllwing the trend is what peple like better.
C.Chinese peple have less cntact with the strangers,
D.Cnfucian culture is less likely t appreciate utsiders.
五、
Chen Gang is a hme renvatin (整修) wrker in Zhngzhai Twn, suthwest China's Guizhu Prvince. Living in a three-stry building with his family, he has a steady incme. It is hard t imagine that he used t wrry abut where his next meal will cme frm a few years ag.
At that time,he lived in Daping Village and grew cm fr a lw incme. The village sits in the steep muntains at an elevatin f 1,800 meters, where wild mnkeys are cmmnly seen. T the villagers, the naughty mnkeys are bth their ld neighbrs and a big truble. Chen's crnfields were damaged by them frm time t time.
T prtect the eclgical envirnment while slving the prblem f pverty, the gvernment carried ut a relcatin plicy by mving residents t Zhngzhai in early 2017. The plicy has brught changes t Chen and ther villagers. The gal f the plicy was nt just t relcate villagers but make their lives better and slve practical prblems after the mve.
The muntain rads were steep in Daping. Children had t walk five kilmeters fr ver ne hur t schl. And during rainy days, falls were frequent ccurrences. Nw the children frm the relcated husehlds can g t a schl that’s nly abut 100 meters away, with mre qualified teachers and better facilities.
The happiest thing fr Chen and his fellw villagers is that they have finally shaken ff pverty after years f hping. The twn gvernment prvides free training curses n varius wrking skills. Having learned hw t renvate a huse, Chen's mnthly incme is abut 3,000 yuan. His wife als fund a jb in a nearby tea muntain.
Meanwhile, their relcatin has given wild mnkeys a better envirnment in the nature reserve. There are abut 2,000 wild mnkeys in the wrld, f which arund 730 inhabit the Mayang River Natinal Nature Reserve. As being neighbrs with mnkeys has becme a thing f the past, peple frm Daping Village are embracing the new life they have hped fr.
1. What d yu knw abut Chen Gang accrding t the text?
A. Wild mnkeys are his special friends.
B. He has lived in a three-stry building since seven years ag.
C. He is paid a regular paycheck as a huse renvatin wrker.
D. He lives in a huse at an elevatin f 1,800 meters in suthwest China.
2. Of the fllwing things, what d the villagers hpe fr mst?
A. A steady incme. B. A three-stry building.
C. Mving ut f the village. D. Getting rid f the wild mnkeys.
3. What d we knw abut the relcatin plicy?
A. It is a plicy the villagers have hped fr.
B. The plicy has benefited the children a lt.
C. All the villagers mved int three-stry buildings.
D. Mst villagers were given a jb in a tea muntain.
4. What can be the best title f the passage?
A. Prtect Yur Friends: Wild MnkeysB. A Relcatin Plicy t Help Shake Off Pverty
C. Be a Renvatin Wrker fr a Steady IncmeD. Relcate t Give the Children a Better
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Tiffany Trump和Lauren Huttn给了王陶最新系列时装的设计灵感。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,这是王陶的服装品牌 Taray Wang第十次参加纽约时装周的展出。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章前三段及最后一段第二句“In 2002 she returned t China and led the repsitining f bradcast ; b, making it ne f the tp 10 Chinese wmen’s labels, ” 可知,王陶的服装品牌Taray Wang和b都很受欢迎。故选A。
4.标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知,这篇文章主要介绍了一位中国的服装设计师——王陶。故选D。
二、
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一'段第一句话A reprt revealed that abut 85% f the wrking mthers surveyed felt that their parenthd had affected their career “in a significant way”可知,85%的在职妈妈都认为养育孩子很大程度地影响了她们的事业。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段 While Chinese wmen may n lnger sacrifice their careers fr their husbands, they are still expected t d s fr their children. . . the mst prfund change was hw they started t balance between family and wrk 以及第三段 The adjustment,hwever,is nt always by chice.可知,现代女性被期待着为养育孩子做出牺牲。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据前一句虽然公司询问员工的家庭计划事实上是违规的,但是许多老板仍这样做。结合上下文可是这种现象虽然违规,但是相对普遍。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要说明了职场女性因为受到社会、职场、现实等诸多因素的影响不得不做出一些让步和牺牲,来寻找家庭和事业的平衡。故选B。
三、
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.由文章内容可知,本文是说吃播节目引起的食物浪费,所以在文章的开头提到 Liu Jingyang 是为了通过介绍吃播节目,引出食物浪费的话题。故选A项。
2.根据画线单词所在句子的前半句 fd-wasting fd shws are misleading 可知, thriftiness 的意思应与 fd-wasting 相反。 eating smartly 意为“聪明地吃”;living healthily 意为“健康地生活”;valuing fd 意为“重视食物”;being ecnmical 意为“节俭的”。故选D项。
3.根据文章第五段中的“But as the market became mre prfitable, sme peple wh can't really eat a huge amunt f fd, but still wanted t grab the mney frm audiences and advertisers, began t resrt t fake eating.” 可知,博主做吃播节目是为了赚钱。故选B项。
4.根据文章最后一段最后一句“Several live-streaming platfrms have annunced that they will strengthen inspectin f fd shws, while sme live-streamers viced ppsitin t fd waste and advcated thriftiness.”可知,一些直播平台已经宣布,他们将加强对食品节目的检查,而一些直播者则表示反对食品浪费,并主张节俭。由此可推断,吃播节目以后将会被仔细监管。故选C项。
四、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.主旨大意题。第一段提出“一些社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出”,第二段讲“在中国,消费主义与自由有关”,第三段讲“在中国,消费主义是成功的象征”,第四段讲“在中国,消费是集体经验的体现”,最后一段讲“在中国成功的品牌都会考虑尊重消费者的这些社会文化方面”,可知文章主要讲述了,在中国哪几个社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出,即中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。故选C项。
2.主旨大意题。由第二段中的“Cnsumerism is related t freedm. T have a chice means t have cnsumer chice. Yu are what yu cnsume. Cnsumptin is an expressin f self. It allws yu t explre the wrld thrugh its prducts,t experiment with lifestyle chices,and t d s safely and annymusly (匿名地).”(消费主义与自由有关。有选择就意味着有消费者的选择。你就是你消费的东西。消费是自我的表现。它允许你通过它的产品探索世界,体验生活方式的选择,并且安全匿名地这样做。),可知第二段多强调消费与自由的关系,消费是自我的表现,通过消费,人们能得到自由,所以本段主要讲消费可以是自由的反映。故选B项。
3.短语猜测题。由第三段“Cnsumerism is a statement f success. American ecnmist Thrstein Veblen ppularized the cncept f “cnspicuus cnsumptin”. When cnsumptin is n lnger driven nly by need, it becmes a way f making a statement that yu have dispsable (可支配的) incme and yu can—at least in certain respects—enjy life n yur terms. Simple pleasures—a pair f Nikes,a smartphne,designer clthing becme statements f persnal identity.”(消费主义是成功的象征。美国经济学家Thrstein Veblen推广了“cnspicuus cnsumptin”的概念。当消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时,它就变成了一种表明你有可支配收入的方式,你至少可以在某些方面按照自己的条件享受生活。简单的乐趣——一双耐克鞋、一部智能手机、名牌服装成为个人身份的象征。),可知本段主要讲,当消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时,消费就成为了一种成功的象征,人们会用消费购买一些昂贵的物品来彰显自己的个人身份,此时的消费成为了一种获得个人身份地位的炫耀性消费,cnspicuus cnsumptin在此处意为“购买昂贵物品以获得个人身份”。故选C项。
4.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“We like participating in grup events. FOMO, the Fear f Missing Out, ges beynd cultures. But I suspect this trend is strnger in China than in the West because Cnfucian culture des nt celebrate utliers as the West des.”(我们喜欢参加团体活动。对错过的恐惧(FOMO)超越了文化。但我怀疑这种趋势在中国比在西方更强烈,因为儒家文化不像西方那样推崇异类。),可知,FOMO这种趋势在中国很强烈,是因为儒家文化不太可能欣赏外来者。故选D项。
五、
答案：1-4 CABB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章的第一段中的Chen Gang is a hme renvatin wrker... Living in a three-stry building with his family, he has a steady incme. 可知, 陈刚是一名有固定收入的家居装修工人, 故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句The happiest thing fr Chen and his fellw villagers is that they have finally shaken ff pverty after years f hping. 可知, 村民们这些年来一直希望脱贫, 结合原选项可知, "一份稳定的收入" 应是他们长久以来最大的期盼, 故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知, 这里的儿童以前去上学要走五千米山路, 搬家之后, 学校离他们家只有100米的距离, 同时学校的师资和设备也有了极大的提升, 由此可知, 这项政策已使儿童获益良多。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。通读文章可知, 本文以陈刚一家为例, 讲述了中国西南部贵州省中寨镇为实现脱贫而推行一项搬迁政策, 许多村民已从中获益, 成功脱贫, B项意为"搬迁政策帮助(村民) 脱贫(致富)", 总结了全文, 适合作为标题。