2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧12段落大意的概括分析含解析202103052157

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧12段落大意的概括分析含解析202103052157，共12页。

【真题再现】(2019·浙江高考·C) 主题语境：自然生态
Califrnia has lst half its big trees since the 1930s, accrding t a study t be published Tuesday and climate change seems t be a majr factr (因素).
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests, the new study finds. N area was eq \a\vs4\al(spared) r eq \a\vs4\al(unaffected)， frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factrs cntributed t the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an eclgist wh was the lead authr f the study. Wdcutters eq \a\vs4\al(targeted) big trees. Husing develpment pushed int the wds. Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces (资源).
But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his clleagues eq \a\vs4\al(dcumented) a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water eq \a\vs4\al(shrtage). The researchers figured ut water stress with a cmputer mdel that calculated hw much water trees were getting eq \a\vs4\al(in cmparisn with) hw much they needed, taking int accunt such things as rainfall, air temperature, eq \a\vs4\al(dampness) f sil, and the eq \a\vs4\al(timing) f snwmelt (融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factrs eq \a\vs4\al(driving up) water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.
1.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big­tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
2.Which f the fllwing is eq \a\vs4\al(well­intentined) eq \a\vs4\al(but may be bad fr big trees)？
A. Eclgical studies f frests.
B. Banning wdcutting.
C. Limiting husing develpment.
D. Fire cntrl measures.
3.What is a eq \a\vs4\al(majr cause) eq \a\vs4\al(f the water shrtage) accrding t McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snwmelt.B. A lnger dry seasn.
C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness f the air.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Califrnia's Frests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gne?
B. Cutting f Big Trees t Be Prhibited in Califrnia Sn
C. Why Are the Big Trees Imprtant t Califrnia Frests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grw Mre Big Trees in Califrnia
答案与解析 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A
1.由第二段中关键信息“declined by 50 percent, fallen by mre than 55 percent, the decline was nearly 75 percent”可知，该段主要说明树木数量减少的严重性。
2.由题干关键词bad fr big trees，定位原文说明的大树数量锐减的因素。由第三段最后一句过度的野火控制使加州森林长满与大树竞争的小树苗，由此可判断出答案。
3.题干关键词majr cause是原文biggest factrs的同义转述，最后一段中提到的气温升高和积雪过早融化是缺水的主要原因。由此可推出正确答案。
4.根据文章关键词lst half its big trees，结合对树木减少的原因分析可确定文章标题。
【技巧释义】抓关键词，兼顾段落首尾，定段落大意
►提出事实：加州大树数量减少
►利用数字说明加州森林树木数量锐减的现状
►第3～6段说明树林数量减少的原因：伐木建房、过度的野火控制、缺水、气候变化。
►文章多次出现decline, lss, fall等表“下降”的词汇，文章主题句及标题句应体现“下降”这一点。
【词汇积累】
target vt.把……作为攻击目标
dcument vt.记录
unaffected adj.未受影响的
shrtage n.短缺
dampness n.潮气
timing n.时间
spare vt.留出；匀出
in cmparisn with与……比较
drive up迫使……快速上升

【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
Think abut what yu did this mrning. Yu get ut f bed and get yurself ready fr the day.Many peple take fr granted the fact that they are able t d this independently. Imagine fr a mment that yu culdn't dress yurself r make yur wn breakfast. Nw imagine if this is hw yu will wake up fr the rest f yur life. Fr Ivy Krause, this is her reality.
Ivy has a medical cnditin knwn as Epidermlysis Bullsa (表皮溶解水泡症)，r EB, where the slightest tuch can blister and even remve her skin. Ivy has the mst severe frm f EB where her skin is affected bth externally and internally. Simple tasks like ging t the tilet and getting dressed are made very difficult. Mbility is limited as Ivy's skin has becme tight, and her fingers have fused tgether, with the nly way t reverse this being surgery. EB is a very painful cnditin, and what is mst heartbreaking is knwing that this beautiful, smiling, little girl is living in cnstant extreme pain.
This is where carers and trained babysitters cme in. Yvnne McMullan has been caring fr Ivy fr the past 3 years, and said it has been bth the wrst and best experience. "It's hard. Fr her, especially at this age, she needs cntinuity f care. By having the same nurses treating her, Ivy knws that we lve and care abut her as much as she lves us. But withut being there, yu dn't knw just hw srrwful it is t see her in pain. It's heartbreaking."
Ivy is a fighter in almst every sense f the wrd. She has encuraged s many peple t give back t the cmmunity and dnate t charities wh supprt the families f yung children living with disabilities, even just t shw appreciatin t the gift f life and pprtunity. Even thugh she is cvered with bandages, her strng will fr life is mving and inspiring, just like a butterfly, facing s many barriers which still des its best t cme ut f the chrysalis (蝶蛹).
1.What is wrng with Ivy Krause?
A.She desn't knw hw t ck.B.She can't live n her wn.
C.She is particular fr fd.D.She is t lazy.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A.The reasn fr Ivy's illness.B.The symptm f Ivy's EB.
C.The cures f treating EB.D.The research n skin.
3.Which wrds can decribe Ivy?
A.Generus and encuraging.B.Optimistic and grateful.
C.Ambitius and caring.D.Independent and unselfish.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A heartbrken babysitterB.A strange case ever fund
C.A butterfly beneath the bandagesD.The appreciatin t the gift f life
【答案】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。身患表皮溶解水泡症的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在痛苦之中，但也依然对生活充满希望，鼓励他人回报社会。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“ Imagine fr a mment that yu culdn't dress yurself r make yur wn breakfast. Nw imagine if this is hw yu will wake up fr the rest f yur life. Fr Ivy Krause, this is her reality.”（想象一下，你不能自己穿衣，也不能自己做早餐。再想象一下，如果这就是你余生醒来的方式。对Ivy Krause来说，这就是她的现实）可知，Ivy Krause生活不能自理。故选B。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其“Ivy has the mst severe frm f EB where her skin is affected bth externally and internally. Mbility is limited as Ivy's skin has becme tight, and her fingers have fused tgether, ”（Ivy患有最严重的一种表皮溶解水泡症，她的内外皮肤都受到了影响。行动受到限制，因为Ivy的皮肤已经变得非常紧绷，她的手指也已经融合再一起）可知，本段主要陈述Ivy的表皮溶解水泡症的症状。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“By having the same nurses treating her, Ivy knws that we lve and care abut her as much as she lves us.”（通过让相同的护士看护她，Ivy知道我们对她的爱和关心正如她爱我们一样多）可知，虽然身患疾病，但Ivy还是对周围的人表达出爱意，由此可知她很乐观。根据最后一段的“She has encuraged s many peple t give back t the cmmunity and dnate t charities wh supprt the families f yung children living with disabilities, even just t shw appreciatin t the gift f life and pprtunity.”（她鼓励很多人回馈社会，向帮助残疾儿童家庭的慈善机构捐款，即使只是为了表达对生命和机会的感谢）可知，即使身患疾病Ivy仍然鼓励他人回馈社会，由此可知，Ivy是一个感恩的人。综上所述，Ivy是一个乐观且知道感恩的人，故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容可知，本文主要讲述身患表皮溶解水泡症的Ivy生活不能自理，每天生活在痛苦之中，但也依然对生活充满希望，病鼓励他人回报社会。再结合最后一段的“Even thugh she is cvered with bandages, her strng will fr life is mving and inspiring, just like a butterfly, facing s many barriers which still des its best t cme ut f the chrysalis (蝶蛹).”（尽管身体缠满绷带，但她坚强的生命意志却令人感动，让人振奋。Ivy就像一只蝴蝶，面对重重阻碍，她仍努力冲破茧的束缚）可知，虽然全身缠满绷带，她就像是裹在茧里的蝴蝶，凭借顽强的毅力破茧而出。由此可知，“绷带下的蝴蝶”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
2
Fitness junkies (上瘾者) lcked ut f gyms, cmmuters (上班族) fearful f public transprt, and families ging crazy inside their hmes during the crnavirus pandemic (冠状病毒大流行) have created a bm (繁荣) in bicycle sales unseen in decades.
Bicycle sales ver the past tw mnths saw their biggest spike in the U.S. since the il crisis f the 1970s, said Jay Twnley, wh analyzes cycling industry trends at Human Pwered Slutins. “Peple quite frankly have panicked, and they’re buying bikes like tilet paper,” Twnley said, referring t the rush t buy essentials like tilet paper and hand sanitizer (杀菌剂) that stres saw at the beginning f the pandemic.
The trend is mirrred arund the glbe, as cities like Manila and Rme, set up bike lanes (车道) t accmmdate grwing interest in cycling while public transprt remains reduced. In Lndn, authrities plan t g further by banning cars frm sme central highways.
There are multiple reasns fr the pandemic bicycle bm. Arund the wrld, many wrkers were lking fr an alternative t buses and subways. Peple unable t g t their gyms lked fr anther way t exercise. And shut-in families tried t find a way t keep kids active during stay-at-hme rders.
The pandemic is als driving a bm in electric-assist bikes, called e-bikes, which were a minr part f the verall market until nw. Sales at Cwby, a Belgian e-bike maker, tripled (三倍增长) in the January-April perid frm last year. Ntably, they spiked in Britain and France at arund the same time in May that thse cuntries started easing lckdwn restrictins, said Chief Marketing Officer Benit Simeray.
Je Minutl, c-wner f Bar Harbr Bicycle Shp, said he hpes the sales grwth translates int lng-term change. “Peple are having a chance t rethink things,” he said. “Maybe we'll all learn smething ut f this, and smething really gd will happen.”
5.What des the underlined wrd “spike” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A.Decline.B.Restrictin.
C.Increase.D.Disappearance.
6.What can be knwn abut Manila and Rme?
A.Bike Lanes are set up fr cyclists.
B.Lcals still rush t buy tilet paper.
C.Cars are banned frm sme main rads.
D.E-bikes sell much better than ther categries.
7.What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?
A.The appearance f e-bikes.
B.The reasns fr the bicycle bm.
C.The daily activities f shut-in families.
D.The traffic cnditins arund the wrld.
8.What is the main purpse f the text?
A.T encurage readers t buy bicycles.
B.T infrm readers f the bicycle bm.
C.T present attitudes twards the bicycle bm.
D.T intrduce the new develpment f bicycles.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是说明文。在冠状病毒大流行期间催生了几十年来未见的自行车销售热潮。
5.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Bicycle sales ver the past tw mnths saw their biggest spike in the U.S. since the il crisis f the 1970s(在美国，过去两个月里自行车销售见证了自20世纪70年代石油危机以来的巨大spike)”和““Peple quite frankly have panicked, and they’re buying bikes like tilet paper,” Twnley said, referring t the rush t buy essentials like tilet paper and hand sanitizer (杀菌剂).(Twnley said说：“坦白说，人们已经恐慌了，他们像买厕纸一样购买自行车”，他的意思是人们争相抢购生活必需品，例如厕纸、杀菌剂)”可知，在冠状病毒大流行期间人们感到恐慌，像抢购生活必需品一样争相抢购自行车。由此可知，在过去的两个月里自行车销量大涨，即划线词的意思是“上涨”。故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据第三段的“The trend is mirrred arund the glbe, as cities like Manila and Rme, set up bike lanes t accmmdate grwing interest in cycling while public transprt remains reduced.(这一趋势在全球各地都得到了反映，例如Manila和罗马等城市建立了自行车道，以满足人们对骑车日益增长的兴趣，而公共交通仍然在减少)”可知，在Manila和Rme建了自行车车道。故选A。
7.主旨大意题。分析段落结构可知，本段是总——分结构，即第一句为中心句。根据第一句“There are multiple reasns fr the pandemic bicycle bm.(自行车大流行的热潮有多种原因)”可知，本段主要说明自行车销售热潮的各种原因。故选B。
8.推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“families ging crazy inside their hmes during the crnavirus pandemic (冠状病毒大流行) have created a bm (繁荣) in bicycle sales unseen in decades.(冠状病毒大流行在室内待到发疯的家庭创造了几十年来前所未见的自行车销售热潮)”可知，本文是说明文，旨在向读者介绍在冠状病毒大流行期间出现的自行车销售热潮现象。故选B。
3
Next time yu g n hliday, it's ging t feel pretty different. Yu may have t wear a face mask. And that means getting yur pint acrss in an unfamiliar language—all while keeping yur muth cvered—culd becme a bit f a prblem.
That's where the C-mask, by Japanese cmpany Dnut Rbtics, cmes in. It's a smart, Internet-cnnected muth cvering that can make calls, raise the wearer’s vice, and mst helpfully fr travelers, translate cnversatins int eight different languages.
If need be, yu simply place it ver a standard face mask and cnnect it via Bluetth t a smartphne. A special app will then allw yu t recrd live cnversatins, turn them int text and translate them int English, Chinese, French, Krean, Thai, Indnesian, Spanish r Vietnamese (currently nly frm Japanese)—making it easy t understand what peple are saying. It wn't actually speak the translated phrases fr yu, but it des have a built-in amplifier（扩音器）t help yu make yurself heard.
“We wrked hard fr years t develp a rbt and we have used what we've researched t create a prduct that respnds t hw COVID-19 has reshaped sciety,'' Dnut's CEO recently tld reprters. The firm has already raised mre than 28 millin yen via crwdfunding t develp the prduct, which will g n sale fr 3 ,980 yen in Japan.
There are all manner f fashinable, ec-friendly masks yu can nw get yur hands n— check ut these in Lndn, Singapre and Barcelna. But in creating an affrdable, high-tech mask, Dnut culd well be n t smething.
9.The C-mask is develped t _______.
A.seek fashin.B.reshape sciety.
C.replace cellphnes.D.prmte cmmunicatin.
10.What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A.Hw the C-mask speaks.
B.Hw the C-mask wrks.
C.What advantages the C-mask brings.
D.What languages the C-mask translates.
11.What des the underlined phrase "be n t smething" in the last paragraph mean?
A.take a lk.B.earn a living.
C.make a difference.D.issue a warning.
12.In which clumn f a website d we prbably read this text?
A.Health.B.Turism.C.Fashin.D.Technlgy.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本Dnut Rbtics研发的一种可以促进交流的高科技智能口罩，包括它的工作原理和市场等。
9.推理判断题。根据一段的“Yu may have t wear a face mask. And that means getting yur pint acrss in an unfamiliar language—all while keeping yur muth cvered—culd becme a bit f a prblem. ”（你不得不带上口罩。那就意味着要用一种不熟悉的语言表达你的观点——同时你的嘴要捂住——这可能是一个问题。）以及第二段的“That's where the C-mask, by Japanese cmpany Dnut Rbtics, cmes in.”（这就是日本Dnut Rbtics公司生产C-mask发挥作用的地方。）可推知，研发C-mask主要是为了促进交流。故选D。
10.主旨大意题。根据第三段的“If need be, yu simply place it ver a standard face mask and cnnect it via Bluetth t a smartphne. A special app will then allw yu t recrd live cnversatins, turn them int text and translate them int English, Chinese, French, Krean, Thai, Indnesian, Spanish r Vietnamese (currently nly frm Japanese)”（如果有需要，你只需要将它戴在标准的口罩上，并通过蓝牙连接到智能手机上。然后，一个特殊的应用程序将允许你记录现场对话，把它们转化成文本和翻译成英语、中文、法语、韩语、泰语、印尼语、西班牙语或者越南语（目前只限日语））可知，本段主要讲述了C-mask的工作原理。故选B。
11.词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“There are all manner f fashinable, ec-friendly masks yu can nw get yur hands n— check ut these in Lndn, Singapre and Barcelna. But in creating an affrdable, high-tech mask, Dnut culd well be n t smething.”可知，你可以在伦敦、新加坡和巴塞罗那买到各种时尚、环保的口罩。但开发一个负担得起的、高科技的口罩，Dnut可能非常be n t smething。根据句意可知，上下文为转折意义，上文说时尚环保的口罩随处能买，故推测Dnut公司研发价格合理的高科技口罩真的是非常了不起的，能给人们带来了很大的影响。即划线部分的意思是“有影响”。故选C。
12.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“That's where the C-mask, by Japanese cmpany Dnut Rbtics, cmes in. It's a smart, Internet-cnnected muth cvering that can make calls, raise the wearers’ vice, and mst helpfully fr travelers, translate cnversatins int eight different languages.”(这就是日本Dnut Rbtics公司生产C-mask发挥作用的地方。这种智能联网的口罩可以打电话、提高佩戴者的声音，同时也为旅行者提供了帮助，可以将谈话翻译成八种语言。)可知，文章主要介绍了一种高科技的智能口罩，属于科技范畴，因此本文很有可能出现在网页的科技版面。故选D。
4
What if the Mn had never existed? Fr starters we knw that the gephysical and climatlgical histry f the Earth wuld have been different. Althugh there is still large uncertainty abut hw the Mn was frmed, the mst currently favred thery describes a disastrus cllisin between the Earth and anther planetary bject.
That event frever changed many aspects f the Earth's evlutin. Fr example, with a relatively large natural satellite putting gravitatinal tidal frces (潮汐力) n it, the Earth's spin behavir has been quite different than it wuld have been therwise. Day length has increased mre rapidly than withut a mn. And the natural changes in the directin f the Earth's spin axis (轴)-its ples-have been less than they wuld have been therwise. A shrter day length and axial variatins like these wuld have changed the Earth's climate histry, and almst certainly have changed the way any life evlved.
But if a species like us had still appeared, its landscape fr space explratin wuld als have been cmpletely different. Withut a large natural satellite, a mere quarter f a millin miles away, there wuld have been n "easy" trip t make t anther wrld. If there had been a first human missin t anther wrld, it wuld likely have been t Mars. But this wuld surely have called fr far mre extensive designing f spacecraft and life-supprt systems fr deep space. Perhaps instead the initial fcus wuld have been entirely n Earth-rbiting equipment fr peple and rbtic missins t ther wrlds. Or, maybe the attractin f the seemingly near impssible wuld still have encuraged these humans frm an alternate reality t take the great leap t Mars as their first step utwards.
It is f curse, impssible t knw exactly what ur wrld wuld really be like withut the Mn-bth physically, and in terms f human explratin. But ne thing des seem clear: we prbably take ur natural satellite's existence far t much fr granted. Nt every inhabited planet in the universe will have its wn ready-made gateway t the universe.
13.Why des the authr use the questin at the very beginning?
A.T intrduce the widely accepted thery.B.T mentin the destructive cllisin.
C.T prve a wrng assumptin.D.T attract readers' interest.
14.What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A.Cmpare day lengths in different climates.
B.Intrduce the evlutin f life n the Earth.
C.Explain why the Earth's spin behavir remains.
D.Shw hw the Mn greatly influences the Earth.
15.What des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.The Earth's evlutin.B.The missin t Mars.
C.The trip t the Mn.D.Earth-rbiting equipment.
16.What's the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A.T call n peple t study the Earth.
B.T stress the significance f the Mn.
C.T speak highly f human explratin.
D.T prve assumptins abut mnless Earth.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章强调了月球对地球的重大影响和重要性。
【详解】
1.推理判断题。根据第一段“What if the Mn had never existed? Fr starters we knw that the gephysical and climatlgical histry f the Earth wuld have been different. Althugh there is still large uncertainty abut hw the Mn was frmed, the mst currently favred thery describes a disastrus cllisin between the Earth and anther planetary bject.”（如果月球从未存在过呢?首先，我们知道地球的地球物理和气候学历史会有所不同。尽管月球是如何形成的还存在很大的不确定性，但目前最受欢迎的理论描述了地球和另一个行星物体之间的灾难性碰撞。）可知，作者做出假设“如果没有月球，地球会如何”以及讨论月球的形成原因从而引起读者兴趣。故选D。
2.推理判断题。第二段中作者描述了月球改变了地球进化的各个方面，并且举了例子。再根据最后一句“A shrter day length and axial variatins like these wuld have changed the Earth's climate histry, and almst certainly have changed the way any life has evlved.”（像这样更短的白昼长度和轴向变化将会改变地球的气候历史，几乎肯定会改变任何生命进化的方式。）可知，第二段作者是想描述月亮对地球的影响有多大。故选D。
3.词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“ If there had been a first human missin t anther wrld, it wuld likely have been t Mars. ”（如果人类第一次去另一个世界执行任务的话，很可能是去火星。）可知this指“去火星的任务”，故选B。
4.主旨大意题。文中前三段的假设皆在说明月球对地球和人类很重要，最后一段强调没有月球的世界难以想象。所以作者是想要强调月球的重要性。故选B项。
考情分析
自然生态类说明文中常包含人与动植物、自然与环境类主题，结构层次清晰，常为总分或总分总结构。
考查角度
常考查细节理解题、写作意图题、主旨大意题或段落大意题。