2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧15单一词汇含义的猜测含解析202103052160

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧15单一词汇含义的猜测含解析202103052160，共12页。

【真题再现】 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·B) 主题语境：健康的生活方式
Many f us lve July because it's the mnth when nature's berries and stne fruits are eq \a\vs4\al(in abundance). These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia's fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are eq \a\vs4\al(s delicius). Wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
When cmbined with berries r slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit eq \a\vs4\al(shakes) and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply eq \a\vs4\al(feed) in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft­serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's part; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
1.What des the authr seem t like abut eq \a\vs4\al(cherries)？
A. They cntain prtein.
B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste.
D. They are rich in antixidants.
2.Why is eq \a\vs4\al(fresh lemn juice) used in eq \a\vs4\al(freezing bananas)？
A. T make them smell better.B. T keep their clur.
C. T speed up their ripening.D. T imprve their nutritin.
3.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert.B. A drink.
C. A cntainer.D. A machine.
答案与解析： 1.C 2.B 3.D
1.根据题干关键词cherries定位原文第二段最后两句，结合同义转换确定答案。
2.定位原文对香蕉保存方法的介绍可得出eq \a\vs4\al(答案)。
3.根据画线词后的feed in, Out cmes和feeding the fruit ... the machine可推出画线词含义。
【技巧释义】利用语境猜词义
►介绍包括樱桃和蓝莓在内的水果的营养价值(第1～2段)
►介绍保存水果和让水果食用起来更美味的方法(第3段)
►利用juicer制作水果甜品(第4段)
【词汇积累】
shake n.奶昔
feed vt.把……放进/塞进
nutritinal adj.营养的
ripening n.成熟
in abundance大量地
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
Nwadays, many f the wrld’s largest brewers (a cmpany that prduces beer) are using new technlgies t replace the dispsable, plastic six-pack beer rings with mre sustainable and recyclable materials.
Thugh mstly being used in small test trials, full adptin culd have a psitive envirnmental impact, accrding t sme experts. Carlsberg, the Danish brewer, fr example, is using glue t adhere cans in a prductin methd that wuld avid using 1,200 tns f plastic yearly, r the equal f 60 millin plastic bags, nce fully adpted.
Fr mst cnsumers, the miserable image f a seagull, turtle, r sme ther aquatic creature trapped r killed by the plastic rings really aruses their strng sympathy as well as their reflectin n the plastic pllutin issue. That is a part f the reasn why brewers have zered in n plastic six-pack-ring packaging. Luckily, children are taught t cut up the rings t lessen the chance that an animal might chke itself t death.
Develped by E6PR (Edible Six Pack Ring) prgramme, which is led by anther brewery called Saltwater, the rings made f waste wheat in beer prductin are nw used by 35 brewers acrss the glbe, including in Africa, Eurpe, and Australia. The final gal is t ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures r break dwn in nature within a matter f weeks rather than the years it will take fr plastic.
Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help cnsumers feel better abut their carbn ftprint, but sme experts say we shuld als fcus n ther effrts. Recycling rates in the U.S. stand at just ver 34%. Glass, in which many brewers bttle their beer, can be difficult t recycle and transprt. If brewers chse thinner glass, the imprvement culd prve even mre beneficial t the envirnment than giving up plastic rings.
Hwever, there can be a risk that cnsumers may be mre likely t litter, if they think the E6PR rings are less harmful. “The idea f creating smething that’s litter-friendly is an issue in my mind,” says Nina Gdrich, executive directr f an envirnmental nnprfit rganizatin, GreenBlue. “What we need in Nrth America is a better system t encurage cllectin and srting.”
1.What des the underlined wrd “adhere” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.attach.B.grasp.C.select.D.stick.
2.We can learn frm Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 that .
A.Carlsberg has cmpletely relied n the use f glue t stick cans as a prductin methd.
B.It is the death f sea animals that draws peple’s attentin t the plastic pllutin prblem.
C.Children are taught t cut up the plastic rings t prevent the rings harming animals.
D.Brewers have changed their packing materials due t the pressure frm cnsumers.
3.What is the authr’s attitude twards the E6PR rings?
A.Dubtful.B.Neutral.C.Supprtive.D.Indifferent.
4.Which statement is true abut Nina Gdrich?
A.She wishes t establish a cllectin and srting system in America.
B.She desn’t think the E6PR rings are harmful fr aquatic animals.
C.Her team has already prduced sme litter-friendly materials.
D.She is in charge f a charity that wrks n prtecting cean envirnment.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是世界上许多大的啤酒生产商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生生物和环境的危害。
1.词句猜测题。根据“ Danish brewer, fr example, is using glue t ... cans in a prductin methd ”（例如，丹麦啤酒制造商嘉士伯(Carlsberg)就在一种生产方法中使用胶水来粘接易拉罐。）可知，是用胶水来封罐，adhere意为“粘住”。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Luckily, many children are taught t cut up the rings t lessen the chance that an animal might chke itself t death.”（幸运的是，许多孩子被教导要把塑料环切碎，以减少动物可能窒息而死的机会。）可知，孩子们被教导剪碎塑料环，以防止塑料环伤害动物。故选C 。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段作者在介绍E6PR rings的成分 (made f waste wheat)，使用范围和最终目标“The final gal is t ensure that they can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures r break dwn in nature within a matter f weeks rather than the years it will take fr plastic.”（最终目标是确保它们能在几周内被水生生物无害地吃掉，或在自然界中分解，而不是像塑料那样需要数年时间。）和文章最后一段第一句“There’s als the risk that if cnsumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, they’ll be mre likely t litter.”（还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为他们的E6PR环危害更小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。）可知，还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为E6PR塑料环危害较小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。所以，作者只是客观地介绍了E6PR 塑料环，作者对E6PR塑料环持中立态度。故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“What we need in Nrth America is a better system t encurage cllectin and srting.（我们在北美所需要的是一个更好的系统来鼓励收集和分类。）”可知，她希望在美国建立一个收集和分类系统。故选A 。
2
Standing in line fr the latest iPhne at the Apple stre,queuing fr tickets t Wimbledn r even just waiting at the pst ffice might just have gt a lt easier.
Japanese car-maker Nissan claims t have just the thing t relieve the sre legs f weary queuers.
The new system f “self-driving” chairs is designed t detect when smene at the frnt f the queue is summned, and autmatically mve everyne else ne step frward in line.
The new inventin is shwn ff in a cmpany vide, which re-enacts (重视) a busy restaurant with custmers waiting utside. In the vide, diners are sitting in a rw f chairs, but will nt have t stand when the next hungry diner is called t a table. Instead the chairs, equipped with autnmus technlgy that detects the seat ahead, slide alng a path tward the frnt f the line. When the persn at the frnt f the queue is summned, the empty chair at the frnt can sense it is empty and s mves ut f ple psitin. Cameras n the remaining chairs then sense the mvement and fllw autmatically.
The system, which is similar t the kind used in Nissan's autnmus vehicle technlgy, will be tested at select restaurants in Japan this year, Nissan said.
Althugh Tky has sme 160,000 restaurants, lng queues are nt uncmmn. Therefre this system appeals t anyne wh has queued fr hurs utside a crwded restaurant: it reduces the physical stress f standing in line, Nissan added.
Nissan als released a shrt vide shwing the chairs being used in an art gallery, mving slwly in frnt f the varius paintings t let viewers appreciate the art withut the need t stand up.
5.What's the meaning f"summned"underlined in paragraph 3?-
A.detectedB.calledC.shwnD.tested
6.“Self-driving”chairs have already been used in a(an) .
A.restaurantB.Apple streC.pst fficeD.art gallery
7.Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statement is true?
A.With “self-driving” chairs, peple will be released f queuing.
B.The new inventin is shwn ff in a busy restaurant.
C.When the persn at the frnt is summned, all the chairs mve ut f ple psitin.
D.Lng queues are cmmn in Tky’s restaurants.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能消除长时间排队带来的无聊和身体上痛苦的一种新型发明装置“自动驾驶”座椅及具体使用。
5.词义猜测题。根据下文“autmatically mve everyne else ne step frward in line.” 并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，可以推测到上文是这种新的“自动驾驶”椅子系统是为了检测前排的人何时被召唤，由此可推断summned意为“叫，召唤”，与called同义，故选B。
6.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Nissan als released a shrt vide shwing the chairs being used in an art gallery, mving slwly in frnt f the varius paintings t let viewers appreciate the art withut the need t stand up.” Nissan还发布了一段短视频，展示了一家美术馆使用的椅子，在各种画作前缓慢移动，让观众无需站起来就能欣赏艺术品。由此可知美术馆已经使用了“自动驾驶”座椅，故选D。
7.细节理解题。根据第四段“The new inventin is shwn ff in a cmpany vide, which re-enacts (重视) a busy restaurant with custmers waiting utside. In the vide, diners are sitting in a rw f chairs, but will nt have t stand when the next hungry diner is called t a table.” 该公司在一段视频中展示了这一新发明，再现了一家繁忙的餐厅，顾客在门外等候。在视频中，用餐者们坐在一排椅子上，但当下一个饥肠辘辘的用餐者被叫到桌前时，他们就不用站着了。由此可知，“自动驾驶”座椅是在视频中展示，顾客坐在椅子上排队，故A.B都是错误的；根据第三段“The new system f “self-driving” chairs is designed t detect when smene at the frnt f the queue is summned, and autmatically mve everyne else ne step frward in line.” “自动驾驶”座椅的新系统设计用于检测排在队伍前面的人被召唤到时，并自动将其他所有人向前移动一步，C错误；再根据倒数第二段第一句“Althugh Tky has sme 160,000 restaurants, lng queues are nt uncmmn.” 尽管东京有16万家餐馆，但排长队的情况并不少见。因此D选项正确，故选D。
3
When an editr called t ask if I culd phtgraph a stry abut fireflies in Mexic, I didn’t check my schedule befre I said yes. I’d seen these insects light up the frests in Tlaxcala nce befre, and I jumped at the chance t g back.
While studying, I began explring Mexic, crssing the cuntry several times by bus. Nw I wrk as a phtjurnalist in Mexic and alng the brder, dcumenting desperate situatins that rarely seem t imprve fr everyday Mexicans. Thugh necessary and imprtant, news stries dn’t reflect the Mexic that I fell fr and that is hme t s many peple I lve. An assignment fcused n the cuntry’s natural beauty was a welcme reprieve.
I had three nights t film the magical scene in the frest. Accrding t ur guides, visitrs are usually nt allwed t phtgraph the fireflies because the presence f artificial light frm electrnics can affect their habits. As I started shting, I adjusted my expsures cnstantly t accunt fr the fading light. In rder t get the cmpsitin that I wanted, I placed my tripd((三脚架)) n a steep, rcky path and had t steady it during the lng expsures. Nrmally this wuldn’t be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extensin, in me. I std cmpletely still while they crawled(爬) all ver me—my arms, my hair, my face. Frm what I bserved, peak firefly presence happens fr nly abut 20 minutes each night, s I had time fr just a few tries.
On the last night everything came tgether. The weather cperated. I had imprved my methd fr fcusing and cmpsing in the dark with quick flashes frm a pwerful flashlight—and I’d grwn accustmed t insects n my face.
I was rewarded with the image yu see here. Each dt f light is ne f several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-secnd expsure. Yu can trace the insects’ paths: Sme make small lps(环), like thse in the bttm center f the frame, while thers mve steadily in ne directin r anther.
8.Hw did the authr feel abut the editr’s request?
A.upset.B.delighted.C.cnfused.D.embarrassed.
9.What can best replace the underlined wrd “reprieve” in paragraph2?
A.reliefB.returnC.trendD.victry
10.What did the authr fcus n during the first tw night?
A.learning abut the lcal travel rules.
B.researching the habit f the fireflies.
C.cmmunicating cnstantly with the guides.
D.finding the suitable spt and time t phtgraph.
11.What is the purpse f the text?
A.T tell stries abut fireflies.
B.T intrduce a pht t readers.
C.T recrd a travelling experience.
D.T shw the authr’s wrking cnditins.
【答案】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者拍摄的一张关于萤火虫的照片背后的故事。
8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When an editr called t ask if I culd phtgraph a stry abut fireflies in Mexic, I didn’t check my schedule befre I said yes.”（当一位编辑打电话问我是否可以拍摄一篇关于墨西哥萤火虫的报道时，我没有查看我的时间表就答应了。）和“I jumped at the chance t g back”（我欣然接受了这个回去的机会）可知，作者没有确认自己的行程就一口答应编辑的要求，由此推知，他很高兴地接受了这个请求。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。根据上文“Thugh necessary and imprtant, news stries dn’t reflect the Mexic that I fell fr and that is hme t s many peple I lve.”（虽然新闻报道很有必要也很重要，但它并不能反映我倾心的墨西哥，那里是我爱的许多人的家园。）可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的危险状况，而这样的新闻反应不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机会，对于作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。“reprieve”和relief意思接近，意为“缓解”。故选A。
10.推理判断题。文章第三段介绍了作者前两个晚上都做了什么，根据第三段内容“As I started shting, I adjusted my expsures cnstantly t accunt fr the fading light. …Frm what I bserved, peak firefly presence happens fr nly abut 20 minutes each night, s I had time fr just a few tries.”（当我开始拍摄时，我不断调整我的曝光以适应渐暗的光线。为了得到我想要的构图，我把我的三脚架放在一个陡峭的，多岩石的道路上，必须在长时间的曝光中稳定它。通常这没什么大不了的，但萤火虫们对相机很感兴趣，延伸开来，对我也很感兴趣。我一动不动地站着，他们爬在我身上——我的胳膊、头发、脸。根据我的观察，萤火虫的峰值出现时间每晚只有20分钟，所以我有时间只尝试了几次。）可知，前两个晚上作者主要做的是挑选合适的地点和拍摄时间。故选D。
11.推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段中的“I was rewarded with the image yu see here.”可知，本篇文章的目的是向读者介绍作者拍摄的照片背后的故事。故选B。
4
One spring, my aunt taught my sister, Lucy, and me hw t fly the kite.
After trying in vain t make the kite fly by dragging it alng the grund, I turned t my sister fr help. Lucy very kindly tk it up and tssed it int the air, but the kite fell dwn again due t my neglecting t run ff at the same time. My aunt asked us t try again. Lucy nce mre tk up the kite. Hwever, I, wh was in t great a hurry, ran ff s suddenly that I pulled the kite ut f her hand and it fell dwn t the grund again. “Wh was t blame nw?” asked Lucy, drpping herself t the grund in anger.
My aunt didn’t say anything and demanded anther attempt. We did it with mre care this time. Unfrtunately, a sudden side wind was cming, Lucy let g the kite, which was blwn against sme bushes, leaving the pr kite hanging with its head dwnward. My aunt came t ur rescue and rlling up the tail frm the tree, my aunt led us t find a mre pen space t try again. Lucy tssed the kite up just as I ran ff. It rse up and danced unsteadily in the air fr a few secnds and then dwn came the kite t the grund like a frustrated lnely by.
“A few disappintments ught nt t discurage yu. I have wund up yur string and nw try again” my aunt said patiently. And we did try and succeed. The kite was carrying upward n the breeze like a merry feather. Hlding fast t the stick and gazing n the kite, Lucy and I std in great delight and excitement.
If my aunt hadn’t persuaded us t try again, we wuld have given up flying the kite. It was after this unfrgettable experience that I began t appreciate the value f perseverance. Whenever I fail in my attempts t d any gd thing, I let my mtt be ‘try again’.
12.Hw many times did Lucy and I try flying the kite tgether?
A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.
13.What des the underlined wrd “tssed” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A.Passed.B.Threw.C.Kicked.D.Pushed.
14.Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text in terms f flying a kite successfully?
A.The favrable weather.B.The spirit f never giving up.
C.The mre pen space.D.The way f cmmunicatin.
15.What’s the authr’s main purpse f writing this article?
A.T share his disappinting experience.
B.T encurage peple nt t give up.
C.T intrduce his nice and patient aunt.
D.T describe hardship in learning t fly the kite.
【答案】
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和Lucy多次尝试放飞风筝失败，后来姑妈鼓励她们坚持不放弃，最后放飞成功。作者从中体会到坚持的重要性。
12.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“After trying in vain t make the kite fly by dragging it alng the grund, I turned t my sister fr help. Lucy very kindly tk it up and tssed it int the air, but the kite fell dwn again due t my neglecting t run ff at the same time. My aunt asked us t try again. Lucy nce mre tk up the kite. Hwever, I, wh was in t great a hurry, ran ff s suddenly that I pulled the kite ut f her hand and it fell dwn t the grund again.”（我在地上拖着风筝，徒劳地想让它飞起来，于是向Lucy求助。Lucy好心地把它捡起来，抛向空中，但是风筝又掉了下来，因为我没有同时跑掉。我姑妈让我们再试一次。Lucy再一次拿起风筝。然而，我太匆忙了，突然跑开了，我把风筝从她手里拽了出来，风筝又掉到了地上。）以及第三段“My aunt didn’t say anything and demanded anther attempt. We did it with mre care this time. Unfrtunately, a sudden side wind was cming, Lucy let g the kite, which was blwn against sme bushes, leaving the pr kite hanging with its head dwnward. My aunt came t ur rescue and rlling up the tail frm the tree, my aunt led us t find a mre pen space t try again. ”（我姑妈什么也没说，让我们再试一次。这次我们更在乎。不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次。）可知，作者和Lucy共试飞了五次风筝。故选C。
13.词句猜测题。根据划线词后的词“ the air”，以及根据生活常识，放风筝应该是将风筝抛向空中，才能让风筝飞起来。由此可以猜测tss 意思为“抛，投”。故选B。
14.细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Unfrtunately, a sudden side wind was cming, Lucy let g the kite, which was blwn against sme bushes, leaving the pr kite hanging with its head dwnward. My aunt came t ur rescue and rlling up the tail frm the tree, my aunt led us t find a mre pen space t try again. ”（不幸的是，一股风从侧面突然吹来，Lucy放开了风筝，风筝被风吹到了灌木丛上，可怜的风筝头朝下挂着。姑妈来救我们，把风筝的尾巴从树上卷起，领着我们找了个比较开阔的地方再试一次）可知，作者因为放风筝时遇到突然刮起的侧风而放飞失败，后来姑妈又带她们到了一个开阔的地带放飞。由此可知，有利的天气、更开阔的地带有利于风筝放飞；文章第五段中提到“I began t appreciate the value f perseverance
”（我开始体会到坚持不懈的价值），由此可知，作者意识到坚持不放弃在成功放风筝中的重要性。而文章没有提到沟通对于放飞风筝成功的作用。故选D。
15.推理判断题。通读全文，文章前面三段讲述作者多次放飞风筝失败，第四段讲述后来在姑妈的鼓励下，坚持不放弃，最后成功。文章最后一段中提到“It was after this unfrgettable experience that I began t appreciate the value f perseverance. Whenever
I fail in my attempts t d any gd thing, I let my mtt be ‘try again’. （就是在这段难忘的经历之后，我开始体会到坚持的重要性。每当我尝试做一件好事失败时，我的座右铭是‘再试一次’ ）。”由此可以推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们不要放弃。故选B。
考情分析
说明文类阅读理解所涉及话题方方面面，但通常难度不大，应在弄清结构后再开始做。
考查角度
常涉及观点态度类，写作意图类或词义猜测题。