高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题（讲）-专题练习（七）

这是一份高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题（讲）-专题练习（七），共7页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，考点篇章结构题，【变式精练】等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
1．The authr explains the law f ver learning by（ ）
A．presenting research findings
B．setting dwn general rules
C．making a cmparisn
D．using examples
二、考点篇章结构题
【例1】Accrding t scilgists(社会学家), every mdern industrial sciety has sme frm f scial stratificatin(阶层). Class, pwer and status are imprtant in deciding peple’s rank in sciety.
Class means a persn’s ecnmic psitin in sciety. A cmmnly used classificatin is lwer class, middle class and upper class. While scilgists disagree n hw these terms shuld be exactly defined, they d describe scieties like the United States quite well. One study shws that 53% f Americans belng t the lwer class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgen earning $500, 000 a year and a bus driver earning $50, 000 a year bth regard themselves as the middle class!
Pwer refers t the amunt f cntrl a persn has ver ther peple. Obviusly, peple in psitins f great pwer (such as gvernrs) exercise(行使) big pwer, but peple wh take rders frm thers have less pwer. Pwer and class d nt always g hand in hand, hwever. Fr example, the gvernr f a state has great pwer, but he r she may nt belng t a crrespnding(相应的) ecnmic class. Generally, hwever, there is a relatinship between pwer and class. T ur knwledge, there aren’t t many peple wh aren’t millinaires in the U.S. Senate!
Status is the hnr r respect attached t a persn’s psitin in sciety. It can als be affected by pwer and class, but nt necessarily s. Fr example, a university prfessr may have a high status but nt belng t a high scial class r have a lt f pwer ver thers.
(2013陕西C)
2．Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle text?（ ）
(P: Paragraph)
【例2】Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials(尝试) increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
（2012全国卷ⅠD）
3．The authr explains the law f ver learning by（ ）
A．presenting research findings
B．setting dwn general rules
C．making a cmparisn
D．using examples
【例3】The need t feed a grwing ppulatin is putting much pressure n the wrld’s supply f water. With 97% f the wrld’s water t salty t be drunk r used in agriculture, the wrldwide supply f water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Althugh the idea f a water shrtage(短缺) seems strange t smene frtunate enugh t live in a high rainfall cuntry, many f the wrld’s agriculture industries experience cnstant water shrtages.
Althugh dams can be built t stre water fr agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasns, the csts f water redistributin(重新分配) are very high. Nt nly is there the cst f the engineering itself, but there is als an envirnmental cst t be cnsidered. Where valleys(山谷) are flded t create dams, huses are lst and wildlife hmes destryed. Besides, water may flw easily thrugh pipes t fields, but it cannt be transprted frm ne side f the wrld t the ther. Each cuntry must therefre rely n the management f its wn water t supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly trubling fr cuntries with agricultural industries in areas dependent n irrigatin(灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ veruse f irrigatin water has resulted in a 25% reductin f the water stres. In the Central Valley area f suthwestern USA, a huge water engineering prject prvided water fr farming in dry valleys, but much f the water use has been prly managed.
Saudi Arabia’s attempts t grw wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping f huge quantities f irrigatin water frm undergrund reserves. Because there is n rainfall in these areas, such reserves can nly decrease, and it is believed that fifty years f pumping will see them run dry.
（2010安徽卷,E）
4．What is mst likely t be discussed in the paragraph that fllws?（ ）
A．Steps t imprve water use management
B．Ways t reduce the csts f building dams
C．Measures t deal with wrldwide water shrtages
D．Appraches t handle the pressure n water supply
三、【变式精练】
【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2017届高三9月月考】
The main reasn peple cme t America is said t be that they can chase the American Dream. Everyne has heard f it, and many have died fighting fr it. The nly thing is that there is n clear definitin f the American Dream. It is nt defined by ne dream, but by all the pprtunities that the United States ffers. Since the funding f the United States, peple have been striving t define the American Dream.
In the play Death f a Salesman, every character is trying t realize his wn versin f the American Dream. Willy feels that he has dne s. He has spent his whle life as a nt very successful salesman. As he gets lder, he starts having cnflicts with everyne in his life, and feels that nly by killing himself will the peple arund him be able t finally be happy.
Bernard, n the ther hand, feels that the American Dream can nly be achieved thrugh career success. He shws that thrugh hard wrk and dedicatin he will be crwned with success.
The dialgue f the characters reveals the different attitudes they have tward the American Dream, and the reactin f Willy t the fact that Bernard is very successful while he is nt.
Many peple try t achieve the American Dream, but few actually d s. As with any gal, it takes hard wrk and dedicatin t achieve the American Dream. In Death f a Salesman, all aspects f this gal are examined. Fr the gal t be achieved, the dream must be an attainable ne which is wrth wrking tward. It als must be a dream that the prfessinal wrld accepts and finds useful.
5．What wuld be the crrect structure f the text?（ ）
（2011安徽卷,B）
Think abut the different ways that peple use the wind. Yu can use it t fly a kite r t sail a bat. Wind is ne f ur cleanest and richest pwer surces(来源), as well as ne f the ldest. Evidence shws that windmills(风车) began t be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first intrduced t Eurpe during the 1100s, when armies returned frm the Middle East with knwledge f using wind pwer.
Fr many centuries, peple used windmills t grind(磨碎) wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund. When electricity was discvered in the late 1800s, peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity. This allwed them t have electric lights and radi. Hwever, by the 1940s when electricity was available t peple in almst all areas f the United States, windmills were rarely used.
During the 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher csts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
6．What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?（ ）
A．The advantage f wind pwer
B．The design f wind pwer plants
C．The wrldwide mvement t save energy
D．The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind
高考英语专题练习（七）
阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（讲）
答 案
1~5 DADAB
6．D
高考英语专题练习（七）
阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（讲）
解 析
1．根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball：ng after we have learned them，和the multiplicatin tables（乘法口诀表）are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd。
2．文章结构题。文章第一段总述三者对一个人社会等级的影响，然后依次分述class，pwer和status三个因素。文章是总分式，故选择A。
3．根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball：ng after we have learned them，和the multiplicatin tables（乘法口诀表）are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd。
4．篇章结构题.文章论述了水资源匮乏的原因,可采取的措施及严峻的用水形式,本题四项中极有可能再论述到的内容应是对有限的水资源的充分利用问题.
5．B文章结构题.文章开头提出人们为之奋斗的美国梦是什么,提出问题;然后用具体事例说明人们对美国梦的不同理解和做法;最后总结梦想应该是可达到的有用的能接受的,并且为之努力.结构为总-分-总,故选B。
6．篇章结构类。根据文章第三段最后一句“tday，there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即“the glbal trend（趋势）twards prducing pwer frm wind”。因此D项正确。