人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试，共8页。

1.Althugh we are suffering such a (严重的) natural disaster,we will eventually vercme the temprary difficulty.
2.The public are hlding a number f apparently (矛盾的)attitudes twards the matter.
3. (处理) the mst imprtant tasks first,and yu’ll feel a real sense f achievement.
4.The factry used 65 percent f the (原始的) materials,the rest f which were saved fr ther purpses.
5.Mst tennis is played n hard curts,but a (大量的) amunt is played n clay.
6.Experts (怀疑) it was evlutin in ther animals that caused the change.
7.If yu have any f these symptms,change yur life gals and (减少;降低) yur tlerance f stress.
8. (统计数字) suggested that a decreasing number f children shwed interest in reading.
Ⅱ.短语填空
thanks t,attend t,die frm,nce and fr all,give birth,as a result f,subscribe t,in general
1.Bill and Tm asked the teacher t settle the argument .
2.I have never the view that schldays are the happiest days f life.
3. his parents’ encuragement and supprt,he finally realized his dream.
4.I was tld the plant the effects f ver-expsure t the sun.
5.The Nile River t the immrtal civilizatin f the Egyptians.
6.I can’t g t yur birthday party n Sunday because I have smething imprtant t .
7. ,the tw scientists’ methds have much in cmmn,but the results are quite different.
8.Nearly all the peple are believed t be staying at hme the disaster.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.好像问题在于没有人知道怎样操作这台机器。
What seems t be the truble is that nbdy knws this machine.
2.老师好像很欣赏我为我的同学们做的一切。
the teacher appreciated what I did fr my classmates.
3.如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前,他们很可能会患上背部问题。
Peple frm back prblems if they always sit befre cmputer screens fr lng hurs.
4.机场附近的房屋经常被飞过头顶的喷气式飞机震破窗户。
Huses near airprts ften by the jet planes passing verhead.
5.事实是,有好几年时间,我还以为他在电话公司上班呢。
fr years I thught he wrked fr the phne cmpany.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
主题语境:科学家 语篇类型:说明文 词数:279
难度:★★☆☆
There are many famus scientists in the wrld,sme f whm are very yung.Here are fur ht yung scientists wrking right nw t change the wrld.
Rizia Bardhan
Rizia Bardhan is 29 and a pst dctr at Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Lab.Her research mainly deals with amazing pssibilities f micr rbts that can be used t cure diseases which are nw untreatable.In an interview,she said that when she thught f science,she wuld think f majr prblems that she culd help t slve.
Heather Knight
Heather Knight,the 28-year-ld Chief Executive f the Marilyn Mnrbt cmpany,is perfrming new applicatins fr rbtics by casting her shws with rbts.She cnsiders humr t be ne f the mst imprtant human features.Therefre,if she can teach humr t rbts,they will be able t better cnnect with humans.
Imre Barts
Imre Barts is a 29-year-ld Clumbia University graduate student.As ne f the yung minds,he is remarkable enugh t drive thers crazy with envy.He studies everything frm the frmatin f black hles t the physics f hw msquit eyes see the wrld.In the paper Hunting Black Hles with a Gas Clud,he explains that a gas clud meeting a black hle in its path will be partially eaten by the black hle.His task is t check the X-rays that are given ff during the prcess.
Jeremy England
Jeremy England is a 36-year-ld prfessr at MIT,a schl that is knwn fr its yung genius.He is wrking right nw n new ideas abut the physics behind basic bilgy.He says that he wants t make sense f life at the mlecular(分子) level.
【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了四位不同领域的当代年轻科学家。
1.What might be used t cure the untreatable disease?

A.Basic bilgy.B.Micr rbts.
C.Atms.D.X-rays.
2.What’s Heather Knight’s aim?
A.T make new inventins.
B.T teach humr t rbts.
C.T make it easier t cmmunicate.
D.T make rbts learn t shw.
3.Whse study shws new ideas abut physics?
A.Jeremy England.B.Rizia Bardhan.
C.Imre Barts.D.Heather Knight.
B
主题语境:社会 语篇类型:议论文 词数:334 难度:★★★☆
We’ve all had the experience f wanting t get a prject dne but putting it ff t a later date.S why d we delay things?Are we built t perate this way smetimes?
These questins are central t my research n gal pursuit (追求).It all starts with a simple chice between wrking nw n a given prject and ding anything else.The decisin t wrk n smething is driven by hw much we value accmplishing the prject in that mment — what psychlgists call its subjective value.And delay,in psychlgical terms,is what happens when the value f ding smething else utweighs the value f wrking nw.
This way f thinking suggests a simple trick t defeat delay.Fr example,instead f cleaning my huse,I might try t fcus n why grading papers is persnally imprtant t me.It’s simple advice,but sticking t this strategy (策略) can be quite difficult.
Peple are nt entirely wise in the way they value things.Fr example,a dllar bill is wrth exactly the same tday as it is a week frm nw,but its subjective value—rughly hw gd it wuld feel t wn a dllar—depends n ther factrs besides its face value,such as when we receive it.The tendency fr peple t devalue mney and ther gds based n time is called delay discunting.Fr example,receiving $100 three mnths frm nw is wrth the same t peple as receiving $83 right nw.Peple wuld rather lse $17 than wait a few mnths t get a larger reward.
Getting smething dne is a delayed reward,s its value in the present is reduced: the further away the deadline is,the less attractive it seems t wrk n the prject right nw.The tendency t delay things clsely fllws ecnmic mdels f delay discunting.One way t manage it is t make the finish line seem clser.Fr example,vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discunting.
4.Which f the fllwing best explains “utweighs” in Paragraph 2?
A.Is equal t.B.Is greater than.
C.Is invlved in.D.Is central t.
5.What shuld we d t vercme delay in the authr’s pinin?
A.Avid setting a deadline t strictly.
B.Cnsider ding nthing temprarily.
C.Increase the subjective value f wrking nw.
D.Realize great fun f wrking immediately.
6.Which prverb can best summarize the thery f delay discunting?
A.Time and tide wait fr n man.
B.A bird in the hand is wrth tw in the bush.
C.One f these days is nne f these days.
D.Dn’t cunt yur chickens befre they are hatched.
7.What is suggested t deal with delay discunting?
A.Asking fr nthing in return.
B.Lwering ur high expectatins.
C.Searching fr instant satisfactin.
D.Making future rewards mre inviting.
D
Slar pwer is helping bring abut a future f cleaner energy,but there are limits t where rigid slar panels (刚性太阳能电池板) can g.A new kind f slar cell⑪ made with a mineral called pervskite (钙钛矿) can g almst anywhere,says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz.We can use pervskite cells n the surfaces f the buildings,n the rfs f the buildings,n the rfs f the cars and n the electrnic devices.We can use it n the sails.We can use it in the balls,tents and unlimited applicatins⑫.Malinkiewicz says pervskite has becme a favrite amng slar panel researchers.Because it can be printed,and everyne can use it n every surface.
Malinkiewicz develped a way t print pervskite panels like an inkjet printer(喷墨打印机).She c-funded a cmpany t prduce them,called Sleil Technlgies,after the Baltic sun gddess.Cnstructin cmpany Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters.Adam Targwski is the sustainable(可持续的) develpment manager fr Skanska.They wrk perfectly,even when they are nt well expsed t sunlight.S we can use them in all surfaces f the buildings.Sleil calculates that abut ne square meter f panel can supply a day’s wrth f pwer fr ne wrker’s cmputer and lights.And they keep getting better as research cntinues,says the cmpany’s scientific directr Knrad Wjciechwski.
Fr ther technlgies,it tk decades t really enter markets.Pervskite has been arund nly fr few years in scientific research,s there is still a lt t be dne,but ptential is basically pretty much unlimited,I think.There are still durability⑬ and ther prblems t wrk ut,but several cmpanies expect t have pervskite panels n the market this year.
8.What d we knw abut the pervskite slar cell frm the first paragraph?
A.It’s delicate.B.It’s cmplex.
C.It’s flexible.D.It’s expensive.
9.What des the underlined wrd “They” in the secnd paragraph refer t?
A.Skanska and Adam Targwski.B.Malinkiewicz and Skanska.
C.Sleil Technlgies.D.Pervskite panels.
10.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.It needs years t put pervskite panels int markets.
B.Scientists think pervskite panels are ready fr markets.
C.Pervskite has been studied fr decades.
D.Pervskite panels will sn be seen in the market.
11.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A.T explain hw t use pervskite panels.
B.T intrduce pervskite panels.
C.T advertise a new slar pwer cell.
D.T advise scientists t further study pervskite cells.
参考答案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.答案severe
2.答案cntradictry
3.答案Handle
4.答案raw
5.答案substantial
6.答案suspect(ed)
7.答案decrease
8.答案Statistics
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.答案nce and fr all
2.答案subscribed t
3.答案Thanks t
4.答案died frm
5.答案gave birth
6.答案attend t
7.答案In general
8.答案as a result f
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.答案hw t perate
2.答案It seemed that
3.答案are likely t suffer
4.答案have their windws brken
5.答案The truth was that
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了四位不同领域的当代年轻科学家。
1.答案B
解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Her research mainly deals with amazing pssibilities f micr rbts that can be used t cure diseases which are nw untreatable.”可知,微型机器人有可能用来治疗目前无法医治的疾病。
2.答案B
解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“She cnsiders humr t be ne f the mst imprtant human features.Therefre,if she can teach humr t rbts,they will be able t better cnnect with humans.”可知,Heather Knight认为幽默是人类重要的特征之一。如果她能教给机器人幽默的话,他们将能够和人类更好地交流。由此可推知,Heather Knight的目标就是教给机器人幽默。
3.答案A
解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“He is wrking right nw n new ideas abut the physics behind basic bilgy.”可知,Jeremy England现在主要研究基础生物学背后的物理学新观点。
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,作者在文中主要分析了拖延的原因以及应对办法。
4.答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知,要去做某件事的决定是被我们在那一刻完成计划的评估驱动的——心理学家称其为某件事的“主观价值”。而拖延从心理学的角度讲,就是当做别的事情的价值大于即刻就工作的价值时发生的情况,故选B项。
5.答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句“The decisin t wrk n smething is driven by hw much we value accmplishing the prject in that mment — what psychlgists call its subjective value.And delay,in psychlgical terms,is what happens when the value f ding smething else utweighs the value f wrking nw.”可知,作者认为人们之所以会拖延是因为他们对完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估较低;再结合第三段的内容可推知,人们可以通过提高对自己完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估来克服拖延,故选C项。
6.答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是“The $100 three mnths frm nw is wrth the same t peple as receiving $83 right nw.Peple wuld rather lse $17 than wait a few mnths t get a larger reward.”可知,人们更看重眼前的利益,故B项“A bird in the hand is wrth tw in the bush”(一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林)符合题干要求。
7.答案D
解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是最后两句“One way t manage it is t make the finish line seem clser.Fr example,vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discunting.”可知,作者认为应对拖延的一种方式就是让终点线看上去更近。比如说,生动地想象未来的奖赏会减少延迟折扣,故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。
8.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“A new kind f slar cell made with a mineral called pervskite can g almst anywhere”可知,钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制,由此可知它具有灵活性,故答案为C项。
9.D 词义猜测题。由第二段首句“Malinkiewicz develped a way t print pervskite panels like an inkjet printer.”可知,Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法,就像喷墨打印机一样。画线词所在句则说明“这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用”,由此可知They指代前面提到的钙钛矿电池板,故D项正确。
10.D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“ several cmpanies expect t have pervskite panels n the market this year.”可知,一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了,由此推知:很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板,故D项正确。
11.B 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由第一段中的“A new kind f slar cell made with a mineral called pervskite can g almst anywhere”可知,本文主要介绍一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景,由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板,故B项正确。