统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练4形容词和副词含解析20210331135

形容词和副词

常考考点：

形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级或最高级，词义比较等。

1.（2020·浙江卷1月）On average, the population becomes(old)than before.

【答案】older

【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。

2.（2020·浙江卷1月）This is (particular) true in the US.

【答案】particularly

【解析】考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。

3.（2020·全国II卷）The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.

【答案】beautiful

【解析】考查形容词。根据The _______ long branches，可判断此处为形容词修饰名词branches，故填beautiful。

4.（2020·全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

【答案】finest

【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。

5.（2020·全国I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.

【答案】extremely

【解析】考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词challenging，故填extremely。

6.（2020·山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries,(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.

【答案】wealthy

【解析】考查形容词。根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth，判断此处需填形容词，故填wealthy。

7.（2019·全国II卷）Her years of hard work have _____(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.

【答案】finally

【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为最终得以认可，故填finally。

8.（2019·全国卷I）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied.

【答案】poorly

【解析】考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为研究很少。故填poorly。

9.（2019·浙江卷）Other American studies showed no _____(connect) between uniforms and school performance.

【答案】connection/connections

【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和在校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。

10. School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.

【答案】traditional

【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。

11.（2020·天津卷）According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.

A. worthwhile   B. necessary   C. optional   D. serious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词。句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile：值得的；B. necessary：必要的；C. optional：可选择的，选修的；D. serious：严肃的，认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是可选的。故选C。

【技巧点拨】

在做语法填空时，考生应把握：

当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than的隐性比较级。具体解题技巧如下：

第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语。

第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级。

一、单句语法填空

1. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always(energy).

【答案】energetic

【解析】设空处作表语，表示主语的特征，故填形容词energetic。

2. A taste for meat is(actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.

【答案】actually

【解析】句意：对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因——中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。此处需用副词作状语，故用actual的副词形式actually。

3.The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.

【答案】successful

【解析】句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些线路中最成功的一条。most后跟形容词构成形容词的最高级，所以答案填successful。

4. He screams the (loud)of all.

【答案】loudest

【解析】句意：它尖叫的声音最大。根据句意及本句中的of all可知设空处填副词最高级，故填loudest。

5. Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.

【答案】worse

【解析】句意：甚至更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的量增加了。此处应表达的是更糟的是，故此处应填入bad的比较级worse。

6. I am (disappoint) in you! How could you say that?

【答案】disappointed

【解析】考查词形转换。句意：我对你非常失望！你怎么能那样说？根据句意和am可知，应用形容词disappointed，be disappointed in sb.意为对某人失望，故填disappointed。

7. Illegal limiting is threatening the(survive) of the species.

【答案】survival

【解析】句意：非法的限制正在威胁着这个物种的生存。根据上文的定冠词the，可知本空应用名词形式survival。

8. She was (embarrass) to admit making such a stupid mistake

【答案】embarrassed

【解析】考查词形转换。句意：她十分难堪地开口承认犯了一个如此愚蠢的错误。修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，故填embarrassed。

9. I was completely(breath) when I got to the top of the mountain.

【答案】breathless

【解析】句意：当我到达山顶时，累得上气不接下气。系动词后跟形容词做表语，且根据下文when I got to the top of the mountain故知填形容词breathless。

10. It is(legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.

【答案】illegal

【解析】句意：把烟草卖给16岁以下的人是不合法的。根据后文sell tobacco to someone under 16可知应填legal（合法的）的反义词：illegal。

二、语法填空

Passage 1

In 1940, four teenage boys and their dog were walking through the woodland close to Lascaux when their dog suddenly disappeared. The boys searched all around. They came to a cave and looked into the cave   1   could see nothing.

A few days later, the boys returned to the cave. They could hardly believe  2 (they) eyes. In the weak lamplight, the boys saw red horses and cows, and black bulls and deer covering the walls of the cave, which looked so3 (frighten) that the boys escaped in fear. Little did the boys know that they had made one of the most important   4 (discover) of that century.

The famous Lascaux Cave is made up of a large hole and   5   series of connecting caves, with a natural water system. The paintings there are an especially important find because they are so numerous and so well protected. After a few years, the caves were opened   6   a tourist attraction, and 1,200 people per day came to the site 7 (admire) the paintings.8 (fortunate), a large number of visitors resulted in changes in the caves’ atmosphere, and green algae(藻类植物) began to grow around the walls. Since then, the caves   9(close) to the public in an effort to protect the fragile paintings in this precious underground site.

Today, the caves have computer-controlled air-conditioning and are inspected daily. Scientists hope that these precautions(预防措施) can prevent any   10 (far) damage to the paintings.

【答案】

1. but 2. their   3. frightening  4. discoveries   5. a

6. as  7. to admire  8. Unfortunately 9. have been closed  10. further

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的Lascaux Caves被发现的经过、重要意义和作为景点之后对其采取的保护措施。

1.考查连词。此处指男孩们进洞寻找他们的狗，但什么都没找到。前后句是转折关系，故填but。

2.考查代词。句意：男孩们不敢相信他们的眼睛。这里应用物主代词their表示“他们的”，故填their。

3.考查形容词。男孩们看到的洞穴内的图画是如此令人恐惧。修饰物，表示“令人恐惧的”，故填frightening。

4.考查名词。此处运用了one of+复数名词，表示“……之一”。此处指那个世纪最重要的发现之一，故填discoveries。

5.考查冠词。此处指著名的Lascaux Caves包括一个大洞和一系列连接洞穴组成，表示一系列，用a series of，故填a。

6.考查介词。此处指几年后，这些洞穴作为一个旅游景点开放。故填as。

7.考查动词不定式。句意：每天有1200人来到这个景点来欣赏这些画。表示目的用动词不定式，故填to admire。

8.考查副词。句意：不幸的是，大量游客导致洞穴内空气的变化和绿藻的生长。此处指游客造成的不良影响，表示不幸地，单独作状语用副词，故填Unfortunately。

9.考查时态语态。句中时间状语Since then和现在完成时连用，主语the caves和动词close是被动关系，指洞穴已经被关闭，故填现在完成时的被动形式have been closed。

10.考查形容词比较级。科学家们希望这些预防措施能阻止对这些画更深层的损害。此处指与和现在相比而言更深层的损害，有比较的意思。故填further。

Passage 2

Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not11  (eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat, while vegans are people who don’t eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles 12  (become) more well-known in the UK. 13 are Britons cutting out meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 14 the environment. 15(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become 16(healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet can help reduce 17 risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.

Organic farming is 18 rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified(转基因的) food and want their food to be 19(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat 20(produce) without the use of drugs.

【答案】

11. to eat  12. are becoming 13. Why  14. on   15. Worries   

16. healthier 17. the      18. another 19. organically     20. is produced

【解析】本文为说明文。素食主义在英国逐渐增加，越来越多的英国人决定不食用肉类和动物产品。根据素食协会的说法，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。

11.考查不定式。句意：素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋势，越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品。固定搭配decide to do：决定做……。故填to eat。

12.考查时态。根据语境可知，此处应使现在进行时，表示逐渐变化的过程。故填is becoming。

13.考查疑问词。根据下文许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产的影响感到不满可知此处指：为什么英国人不吃肉？故填Why。

14.考查介词。句意：许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产对环境的影响感到不满。固定搭配have an effect on：对……有影响。故填on。

15.考查名词复数。句意：对食品安全和像疯牛病这样的食源性疾病的担忧也起到了一定的作用。根据句意及谓语动词have可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填Worries。

16.考查比较级。句意：其他人选择改变他们的饮食习惯是为了变得更健康。根据语境可知，此处应使用比较级。故填healthier。

17.考查冠词。句意：据素食协会称，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。根据语境可知，此处表特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。

18.考查形容词。句意：有机农业是另一个正在英国兴起的趋势。another指另外的。故填another。

19.考查副词。句意：许多人拒绝转基因食品，想食用有机食品。此处修饰动词produce，应使用副词形式。故填organically。

20.考查语态。句意：有机肉类的生产不需要药物。根据语境可知，此处应使用被动语态，且描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is produced。

Passage 3

No trip would be complete without experiencing the local food culture. Actually, China has various kinds of delicious food, including a wide variety of local snacks.

For most of the foreigners I contacted, and myself included, Peking Duck, Mongolian Hot Pot are the favorite Chinese 21(dish). China is a place 22   the food is not only delicious, but the 23(cheap) I’ve ever found.

24  my last night in Beijing before returning to the States, I went to a Peking Duck restaurant that had been suggested for me to try. What a beautiful place! Splendid woodblock prints on the walls, fresh flowers in the vases, 25(attract) silverware(银餐具) and beautiful chopsticks. I was handed 26  menu and found most of the prices 27 (be) especially low for the high quality of the food. The duck came in whole or half, along with all the little decorations — a little tortilla(玉米粉圆饼) to put the sliced duck and vegetables in, chopped onion and sauce.

Anyway, I ordered a whole duck, thinking I’d just take the rest back to my hotel 28(eat) later if I couldn’t finish it. 29(unbelievable), in the end there was none of the whole duck 30(leave) on the plate.

【答案】

21. dishes 22. where  23. cheapest  24. On    25. attractive   

26. a      27. were     28. to eat      29. Unbelievably  30. left   

【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了花样繁多的中国食品，并特别描述了吃北京烤鸭的美妙经历。

21.考查名词复数。根据上文中的“Peking Duck, Mongolian Hot Pot are”中的are可知此处应用dish的复数形式。故填dishes。

22.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句修饰a place，从句中缺少地点状语，因此用where。

23.考查形容词。根据空前的the和空后的“I’ve ever found”可知，此处用形容词的最高级cheapest。

24.考查介词。在night，morning，evening等词前加修饰词强调在某一个特定的时间时，用介词on。

25.考查词形转换。空格处修饰名词silverware，故用其形容词形式attractive。

26.考查冠词。此处泛指一份菜单，且menu的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。

27.考查时态和主谓一致。此处表示过去发生的事，且most of the prices表示复数概念，所以用were。

28.考查不定式。这里表示目的“为了一会儿吃”，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to eat。

29.考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的句子，故应用副词形式Unbelievably。

30.考查非谓语动词。the whole duck和leave之间是被动关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。故填left。