统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练5代词和名词含解析20210331136
展开代词和名词
常考考点：
人称代词 (主格/宾格) | 反身代词 | 名词性物 主代词 | 常考的不定代词 | 指示代词 |
I/me | myself | mine | other/another | this/ that |
you | yourself/ yourselves | yours | both/neither/either | |
he/him | himself | his | all / none | |
she/her | herself | hers | nothing/nobody | these/ those |
it | itself | its | everything/everybody | |
we/us | ourselves | ours | anything/anybody | |
they/them | themselves | theirs | something/somebody |
名词复数变化：
情况 | 构成方法 | 读音 | 示例 |
一般情况 | 加-s | 清辅音后/s/；浊辅音和元音后读/z/ | map—maps bag — bags |
以s，ss，x，sh等结尾的词 | 加-es | -es读/iz/ | bus — busesclass — classes |
以-f或-fe结尾的名词 | 多数将-f和-fe变v加 -es | -ves读/vz/ | wife — wivesleaf — leaves shelf — shelves knife — knives wolf — wolvesthief — thieves half — halveslife — lives |
以元音字母+y结尾的名词(A E IO U) | 直接加-s | -s读/z/ | boy — boysday — days monkey — monkeys holiday — holidaystoy-toys key—keys |
以辅音字母+y结尾的非专有名词 | 变y为i 再加es | -s读/z/ | library — libraries family — families hobby — hobbies |
以辅音字母+o结尾的名词 | 一般加-es | -es读/z/ | Negro — Negroes hero — heroes tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes mango — mangoes |
以元音字母+o结尾的名词 | 加-s | -s读/z/ | zoo — zoos photo — photos kangaroo — kangaroos bamboo — bamboos radio — radios piano — pianos |
单复数同形名词 | 保持不变 |
| deer — deersheep — sheep fish — fishpeople — people Chinese—ChineseEnglish Japanese — Japanese Vietnamese — Vietnamese SwissPortugueseLebanese |
表示某国人名词的复数
| 表示某国人名词的复数
|
| human — humans German — Germans Russian — Russian American — Americans Italian — Italians Indian — Indians Canadian — Canadians Australian — Australians Swede — Swedes |
无连字号复合名词 | 以后面名词变复数规律保持一致 |
| mooncake — mooncakes bookcase — bookcases armchair — armchairs toothpick — toothpicks housewife — housewives gentleman — gentlemen bookshelf — bookshelves stopwatch — stopwatches wineglass — wineglasses birthday — birthdays blackboard — blackboards greenhouse — greenhouses |
第一个名词是man，woman的复合名词
| 两者都要变复数 |
| man teacher—men teachers woman doctor — women doctors 男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数 |
以f，fe结尾特殊名词 | 直接在词尾加s |
| roof — roofs chief—chiefs serf—serfsreef — reefs hoof — hoofscliff — cliffs gulf—gulfsbelief — beliefs proof —proofs |
改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加en. |
|
| man — men woman — women ox — oxen child—children goose — geesetooth — teeth foot — feetmouse — mice louse — licebasis-bases |
1.（2020·浙江卷1月）For Japan, the(number)are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
【答案】numbers
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
2.（2020·全国III卷）Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示好奇心。故填curiosity。
3.（2020·全国II卷）Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。由设空处前a，可判断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。
4.（2020·全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。根据be of+名词相当于形容词的结构，可知此处应用名词，故填interest。
5.（2020·全国I卷）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。分析句子可知，此处指它的计划，名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。
6. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _____(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说四个简单的字——做你自己。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
7.Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest (they).
【答案】them
【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格做宾语。故填them。
8.Last October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small(carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】carrots
【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的a handful of可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。
9.Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional ______(treasure) come alive again.
【答案】treasures
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。
10.Then he started to build more and more kinds of(model).
【答案】models
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。
【技巧点拨】
当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：
第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。
第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。
一、单句语法填空
1. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
【答案】it/running
【解析】句意：如果你时间不充足，你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间跑步便可获得同样的结果，因此我们应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语，需填名词或代词，可用it代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。
- When someone knocked at the door.I didn’t ask who was.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意：当有人敲门时，我没有问是谁。it用来指代身份不明的人，故填it。
- However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.
【答案】it
【解析】it指代the railway。
- When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they)alive.
【答案】them
【解析】设空处指代从句中的the gorillas以避免重复，故填them。
- Huawei, is one of China’s major smartphone (make).
【答案】makers
【解析】考查名词。one of后接可数名词复数，表示制造商，故用makers。
- With its rapid (grow), China has been displaying an increasingly great influence when fitting in with the world.
【答案】growth
【解析】考查名词。形容词rapid修饰名词，故用growth。
- Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of (object) and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
【答案】objection(s)
【解析】考查名词。此处指Dolly的出现引起了巨大的反对风暴。根据语境和空前的of可知，此处应填名词形式，又因objection可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故填objection(s)。
- occurred to me that the phone number I had told them was wrong.
【答案】It
【解析】考查形式主语It。句意：我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错误的。It occurred to sb.that...：某人突然想到……。分析句子可知that引导主语从句，用It作形式主语，故填It。
- I wondered if I could have an (appoint) with the doctor the following day.
【答案】appointment
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我想知道我能否在第二天和医生预约。have an appointment with sb.：和某人有个约会。不定冠词后接可数名词单数，故填appointment。
10. It aroused an argument over whether was moral to clone human beings.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空应填it作形式主语，后面的to clone human beings为真正的主语。
二、语法填空
Passage 1
Pinyin is a successful tool, which 1 (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like us. It has proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 2 (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early education.
The first step is to learn how 3 (pronounce) each letter in pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone markers. Then you have to do 4 (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a game. It can be 5 (much) fun than you would expect. Start 6 single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to larger groups. Understand the initial, final and the tones.
But most importantly, 7 you need is good feedback. You’d better have someone that can correct your mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 8 can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will 9 (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this very seriously.
If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback. Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 10 (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to pronounce correctly.
【答案】
1. is taught 2. themselves 3. to pronounce 4. drills 5. more
6. with 7. what 8. who 9. probably 10. listening
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。
1.考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught。
2.考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinese people与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
3.考查动词不定式。how to do sth在句中作learn的宾语。故填to pronounce。
4.考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“as many as”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills。
5.考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填more。
6.考查介词。Start with“以……开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。
7.考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we，谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。
8.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，a native Chinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为who。故填who。
9.考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。
10.考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。
Passage 2
On the way to the train station I noticed 11 mobile phone on the street. It seemed broken with the battery(电池) out. I decided to pick it up and try to put it together to see if it worked. It 12 (do)! I chose a number from the contact list and found a woman who 13 (lucky) knew the owner so I called her to let her know I had the phone. She couldn’t reach her so I asked a station guard for help; but he was not allowed to keep the phone.
After 15 minutes, I worried about my train, 14 (think) what to do. Suddenly a man called the phone. It was the owner’s husband! I explained and he couldn’t believe it. He asked 15 I could please wait for him, so I did. He came to the station in a few 16 (minute) and soon after his wife arrived.
The look on 17 (they) faces made it all worth it. I’d missed my train but felt so happy to have helped. They offered 18 (buy) me flowers or give me something,19 I refused. I thanked them for it and told them their being so 20 (please) and grateful was more than enough for me.
【答案】
11. a 12. did 13. luckily 14. thinking 15. if/whether
16. minutes 17. their 18. to buy 19. but 20. pleased
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者捡到一部手机，经过一番周折，终于找到了手机的主人，并将其归还。
11.考查冠词。本句是讲“我”在大街上看到一部手机，表示泛指，且mobile的发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。
12.考查时态。根据文章第一句话可知，本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故要用一般过去时did。
13.考查副词。该空修饰动词knew，应用副词luckily。
14.考查非谓语动词。think和主语I是逻辑上的主谓关系，故该空填thinking。
15.考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，且意为是否，故该空应填if/whether。
16.考查名词复数。依据句中的a few可知此处用名词的复数形式minutes。
17.考查代词。空处修饰名词faces，故应用形容词性物主代词their。
18.考查固定搭配。offer to do sth意为主动提出做某事，是固定搭配。故填to buy。
19.考查连词。句意：他们主动提出想买鲜花或别的东西给我，但是我拒绝了。上下文为转折关系，故填but。
20.考查形容词。此处表示“我”告诉他们，他们的快乐和感激对“我”来说就足够了。该空和grateful并列，故应填形容词pleased。
Passage 3
Did you grow up in one culture, your parents come from another, and you are now living in a 21(total) different country? If so, then you are 22 third culture kid.
The term “third culture kid” 23(use) in the 1950s for the first time by John and Ruth Useem. They first came across this phenomenon(现象) while 24 (research) North American children living in India. Usually third culture kids benefit from 25(they) intercultural experience and they often get good grades.
Yet many 26(difficulty) may arise from this phenomenon. Third culture kids may not be able to adapt(使适应) themselves completely to their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard 27(develop) new friendship. Moreover, for a third culture kid, it is often 28 (easy) to move to a new country than to return to his or her homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country 29 she was born. She didn’t know anything about popular TV shows or fashion trends. And she didn’t share the same values 30 other teens of her age.
【答案】
21. totally 22. a 23. was used 24. researching 25. their
26. difficulties 27. to develop 28. easier 29. where 30. as
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“第三文化儿童”这个名词的来历以及第三文化儿童所面临的情况。
21.考查副词。修饰形容词different用副词，故填totally。
22.考查冠词。句意：如果是这样，你就是一个第三文化儿童。kid是可数名词，且third的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a表泛指。
23.考查时态语态。句意：“第三文化儿童”这个词是由约翰和鲁斯·尤西姆在20世纪50年代首次使用的。时间状语in the2950s for the first time表明用一般过去时；The term与use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was used。
24.考查省略。句意：他们研究在印度生活的北美儿童的生活时第一次遇到这种现象。在时间状语从句中，主从句的主语一致且含有be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be可省略，此处省略了they were，故填researching。
25.考查代词。句意：通常第三文化儿童能够从他们的跨文化经历中受益并经常取得好成绩。修饰名词intercultural experience用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
26.考查名词。句意：然而这一现象可能产生很多困难。many修饰可数名词复数，故填difficulties。
27.考查不定式。句意：此外，他们经常发现很难发展新的友谊。find it+adj.+to do表示“发现做某事……”，故填to develop。
28.考查形容词比较级。句意：此外对第三文化儿童来说，搬到一个新的国家比回到祖国更容易。than表明使用形容词比较级，故填easier。
29.考查定语从句。句意：在澳大利亚生活了多年后，路易斯终于回到了她出生的国家。先行词为country，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
30.考查介词。句意：她的价值观和与她同龄的孩子不一样，the same as表示“与……一致”，故填as。
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