统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练19七选五之代词指代型含解析20210331131

七选五之代词指代型

常考考点：

1）It/They的指代；

2）This/That/Those/These的指代。

（2020·全国III卷）

A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.   36   And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.

  37  Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.

  38  This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.   39 

Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.   40   Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.

A. This isn’t usual though.

B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.

C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.

E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.

F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.

G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

【答案】EBCAG

【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的、礼物的选取、活动安排和名称的由来。

36.空格上句“The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.”介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，空格下句“And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.”介绍这也是给新家填满爱和礼物的好时机。E项（它也让人们有机会一睹新家的风采。）与上下句并列，都是介绍乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。

37.空格下文列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项（带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统。）概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。

38.本段介绍了聚会的活动安排。后文“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.”指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。

39.本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，客人可能会被要求帮忙打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项（但这并不常见。）表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。

40.上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称由来，根据“bring firewood to a new home as a gift”可知本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项（这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。）符合语境。故选G。

（2020·浙江卷1月）

Let’s take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.

  31  For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.

The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world.  32  That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.  33  Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.

  34  On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.  35  People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.

A. We use water indirectly too.

B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.

C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.

D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.

E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?

F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.

G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

【答案】AEDFG

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我们这样幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。就此联合国决定3月22日为“世界水日”，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。

31.空格下文：例如，生产粮食的农民需要使用水使植物生长。当我们开灯或打开电视电脑时，我们会使用能源，而我们需要水来产生这种能源。可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项（我们也间接地用水。）符合上下文语境，故选A。

32.根据空格下文“That’s around one in 10 people in the world.”（那大约是世界上十分之一的人。）可推知本句在说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项（你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗？）符合上下文语境，故选E。

33.根据空格上文“Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.”（而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中“walk many kilometres every day to get water”可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项（如果孩子们每天花很多时间去取水，他们就不能去上学。）符合上下文语境，故选D。

34.空格下句（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。）是在说明“世界水日”当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项（1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。）符合上下文语境，故选F。

35.空格前句：在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子要负重6升水步行6公里。可推知空格处是承接上文，故G选项（通过这种方式，他们能了解带着沉重的瓶子长距离步行是什么感觉。）符合上下文语境，故选G。

Passage 1

Realizing your dreams is not a matter of possibility; it’s a matter of motivating yourself to focus on the right things. You know you should be doing something, but sometimes you just don’t feel like doing anything.   1   Here are some daily motivation tricks that might work for you.

This is by far the most important tip in this article. Sit down and get a move on! Reading more about motivation won’t help. Reviewing your to-do lists won’t help.   2  So stop thinking about how hard the task is going to be or how long it’s going to take you. Tell yourself, “As soon as I get going, I’ll feel more motivated.”

  3  You have the choice to replace negative self-talk with a more encouraging and friendly voice. A voice that does not look at the possibility of success before taking action, but rather uses self-belief as its driving force; a voice that all things are possible to those who commit to their dream.

Think about how far you have come. You have made so much progress, you just don’t realize it. Open your eyes and give yourself credit for all that you have done. Think about it. Write down your past successes.   4   You’ll probably be pleasantly surprised when you review your results.

Accept failure as a positive learning experience and judge unsuccessful work and mistakes as part of the growth process. When times get tough, take a deep breath, and know that most great things come when you least expect it. Being defeated is a temporary condition; giving up is what makes it permanent.   5 

1. Do you feel the push-back of laziness?
2. Only doing helps get everything going.
3. Be aware of your self-talk and stay confident.
4. This discouraging situation can last a long time if you don’t take action.
5. Push through! Daily motivation tricks help you to realize your dreams.
6. Consider using a diary to keep track of them.
7. And most people that gave up didn’t realize how close they were to success.

【答案】1-5 DBCFG

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些日常激励技巧，可以用来帮助你实现梦想。

1.空格上文：实现梦想不是一个可不可能的问题，而是一个激励你自己去关注正确的事情的问题。你知道你应该做点什么，但有时你就是不想做任何事。再根据空格后文（下面是一些可能对你来说行之有效的日常激励技巧。）可知空格处是承接上文说明这一行为造成的影响。上文中don’t feel like doing anything与D选项中don’t take action相对应。故D选项（如果你不采取行动，这种令人沮丧的情况会持续很长时间。）符合语境，故选D。

2.空格上文：多读些关于激励的书没有什么帮助，回顾你的待办事项也没有实质性的帮助。空格后文：所以不要再去想这个任务到底有多难，或者要花多长时间。告诉自己：只要我开始行动，我就会觉得很有动力。上文列举了对实现梦想没有用的事情，后文提到开始行动，故本句应当是说明真正能起作用的事情。故B选项（只有行动才能让一切顺利进行。）符合语境，故选B。

3.空格后文：可以选择用一种更有激励性和更友好的声音来代替消极的自我对话，在采取行动前不考虑成功的可能性，而是以自信为动力。对那些致力于实现自己梦想的人来说，一切皆有可能。本段主要是在说明自我对话和保持自信对实现梦想的重要性，后文中self-talk和self-belief可与C选项中self-talk和confident相对应。故C选项（注意与自我进行对话，保持自信。）符合语境，故选C。

4.根据空格上文“Think about it. Write down your past successes.”可知，空格处是承接上文继续说明用什么方式来记录下自己的成功。上文中past successes与F选项中的them相对应。故F选项（考虑用把它们写成一本日记。）符合语境，故选F。

5.空格上文：将失败视为一种积极的学习经历，将感受不好的工作和错误视为成长过程的一部分。当生活变得艰难的时候，保持深呼吸，要知道大多数美好的事情都是在最意外的时候出现的。被打败只是暂时的失败，但放弃却会让失败成为永恒。空格处为本段最后一句，上文提到放弃，上文中giving up可与G选项中most people that gave up相对应。故G选项（大多数放弃的人没有意识到他们离成功有多近。）符合语境，故选G。

Passage 2

Healthy See, Healthy Do

Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.   6   And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.

The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.   7   A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.

  8   It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or attractive can lead to increased sales of those products.”

Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.  9 

Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought something from the checkout areas. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.   10   The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.

The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that creating more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.

1. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
2. These foods give people more energy.
3. The location of store displays also influences our shopping choices.
4. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.
5. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.
6. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.
7. Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.

【答案】6-10 CFDGA

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。

6.空格上文：空着肚子去杂货店，你可能会带一些你不打算买的东西回家。但饥饿并不是增加购买的唯一原因。空格后句：它可能会产生或破坏一些健康的饮食习惯。空格处应当承接上文说明去商店增加了购买的其他原因，且后文中it与C选项中The location形成指代关系。故C选项（商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物选择。）符合语境，故选C。

7.空格上文：结帐区是垃圾食品特别受欢迎的地方。研究发现，最常见的产品是含糖和盐的零食。空格后文：2012年荷兰的一项研究发现，当食堂的货架上更容易买到健康零食时，医院工作人员更有可能放弃垃圾食品而选择健康零食。2014年，挪威和冰岛的研究人员还发现，在收银台用健康食品取代不健康食品，大大增加了结账时健康食品的销量。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者经常看到的是健康食品，他们会选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。故F选项（一些研究表明，简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为。）符合语境，故选F。

8.空格后文：“我们知道，商店里充斥着鼓励消费的暗示，”该部门的研究科学家Tamar Adjoian说，“让健康食品更方便或更吸引人，可以提高这些产品的销量。”本句应当是在说明有关部门对上一段中提到的发现的反应，后文中at the department指代D选项中New York City Department of Health。故D选项（这些发现引起了纽约市卫生局的注意。）符合语境，故选D。

9.空格上文：Adjoian和她的同事想知道这样的发现是否适用于他们城市繁忙的结账区，所以他们选择了布朗克斯区的三家超市进行研究。他们在收银台附近用水果和坚果代替了糖果和饼干。因此空格处应是承接上文继续说明研究过程，G选项中they指代上文Adjoian and her colleagues。故G选项（然后他们在两周内记录在每家商店六次三小时的购物记录。）符合语境，故选G。

10.空格上文：在他们观察的2100多名购物者中，只有4%的人在收银台买过东西。然而，在那些选择健康食品的人当中，选择健康食品的人购买营养食品的频率是选择标准食品的人的两倍多。再根据后文“The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior”可知，这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。上文已经提到了一个发现，本句应当是在说明另一个发现。故A选项（他们购买不健康食品的频率减少了40%。）符合语境，故选A。

Passage 3

Marine Layer is an American clothing company that has recently earned an impressive qualification. It is the first in the world to take old T-shirts and transform them into brandnew ones, using 100% recycled materials.   11   The collection was launched on April 28 to much fanfare in the eco-fashion world.

Re-spun shirts are made from old T-shirts that supporters have mailed to the company or dropped off in store.   12  Then they are cleaned using waterless technology, broken down, and woven into a colored cotton fiber. It is mixed with 50% recycled fiber to create the final yarn(纱).

  13  Interestingly, Recover has been recycling fabrics since the 1940s, when people were looking for a solution to clothing shortages during World War II. The yarn is sent to Los Angeles for milling and sewing, from which the finished shirts are distributed to Marine Layer’s 41 stores and online shops.

  14  Each shirt varies slightly in color. No water, chemicals, or dyes are used in production. Best of all, Marine Layer has no intention of stopping with its first Re-Spun collection. Customers are urged to keep sending in their old shirts using a prepaid mailer, and will get $5 credit for each one, up to a total of $25.

It’s exciting to see the great ways in which fashion companies are trying to reduce their environmental impact. This fabric recycling technology promises to revolutionize the industry and make good use of the 80 pounds of clothing that the average American throws away each year. 15 

1. The technology deserves a lot.
2. The result is its Re-spun collection.
3. Many people are interested in the project.
4. These old shirts are sorted into four color groups.
5. Now using old clothes to make new is truly fashionable.
6. The fabric breakdown takes place at a factory called Recover.
7. The first collection consists of four shirts for men and four for women.

【答案】11-15 BDFGA

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了服装公司Marine Layer通过收集旧T恤并改造成新T恤这一技术，将旧衣服变废为宝，同时保护了环境。

11.空格前面讲到Marine Layer公司回收利用旧T恤并转变为新T恤。第二段“Re-spun shirts”再次提到“重纺T恤”这一概念。且下一句的The collection指代B选项中的Re-spun collection。故选B项。

12.空前一句介绍了“重纺T恤”是由旧T恤制成的；空格后“Then they are cleaned using waterless technology, broken down, and woven into a colored cotton fiber.”为制作的第二步工序，空格处应该表示第一步工序。D选项（这些旧T恤被分成四种颜色。）表示第一步，并且These old shirts指代前文中的旧T恤。故选D项。

13.根据下一句中Recover可知，本空应该引出Recover这一专有名词概念。后文讲到了Recover工厂已经在循环使用纤维方面有了很久的历史。F选项（织物在一家名为Recover的工厂分解。）作为第一句，引出本段的Recover，符合题意。故选F项。

14.本段第二句中each shirt与选项G（第一个系列包括四件男士衬衫和四件女士衬衫。）中的“four shirts for men and four for women”对应，且“The first collection consists”与下文中的“its first Re-Spun collection”对应。故选G项。

15.本段介绍了Marine Layer公司处理服装的新方式在对于环境保护上的贡献。A选项中（这项技术值得拥有。）为作者对它的赞美，符合此处语境。故选A项。

Passage 4

We find comfort in nature. Spending time with grass and trees and birds, even through a window, makes us feel happier and more relaxed. One of the most exciting things about bird-watching is that birds are so mobile.   16  . They migrate across the globe every spring and fall. You don’t have to identify the species, although there is awealth of information available if you know a bird’s name.   17  . I’m writing about bird-watching here, and here are 3 tips to get started:

Notice birds

If you’re not already a bird-watcher, you probably don’t really notice birds, but they are around us all the time, even in a city.  18  . One of the best ways to find birds is just to watch for movement, and then focus on that movement to see what’s happening(it’s often a bird). You will quickly learn where and how to look, and noticing birds will become second nature．

Listen

Birds communicate by sound as well as by sight, just like we do. They make a lot of noise and their songs and calls all mean something. On the most basic level sounds can help you find birds by revealing their presence and telling you what direction to look. Just like seeing,   19  , but once you start noticing these sounds you will hear them everywhere.

Watch for patterns

Birds are creatures of habit. If you’ve seen a bird fly away carrying something, there’s a very good chance it will come back to gather more. Just wait. Building a nest takes several days, and young birds in the nest are fed for more than a week, so you might be able to come back the next day and watch more.   20  , you might even find the nest. All of the variation in birds also follows patterns. It’s always satisfying to understand the broader patterns in nature.

1. it takes some focus and practice to hear birds
2. Just taking the steps will lead to discoveries
3. They fly around their home territory
4. With a little practice you’ll be amazed at what you can see
5. this is the best thing to focus on when you see an unfamiliar bird
6. And if you track the bird along the path that it takes
7. The most important thing is just to notice birds, slow down and really watch them．

【答案】16-20 CGDAF

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于观鸟的文章的几点建议。

16.根据空格前”One of the most exciting things about bird﹣watching is that birds are so mobile.”可知，空格处谈论的是鸟类的飞行能力，结合选项可知，选项C中的They指代前文的birds。mobile和fly around是同义词，故选C。

17.根据空格后“I’m writing about bird-watching here, and here are 3 tips to get started”可知，空格处要介绍观察鸟类的三个建议，根据选项可知，选项G承接上文，notice birds对应小标题，符合题意。故选G。

18.根据空格后“One of the best ways to find birds is just to watch for movement, and then focus on that movement to see what’s happening”可知，空格处是谈论如何观察鸟类，结合选项可知，选项D（稍加练习，你会惊讶于你所看到的。）符合语境。故选D。

19.空格前句：基本上，声音可以帮助你发现鸟类的存在，并告诉你应该朝哪个方向看。再根据空格后“but once you start noticing these sounds you will hear them everywhere.”可知，空格处应是谈论如何注意鸟的叫声。根据选项可知，选项A（听鸟叫声需要专注和练习。）承上启下，符合题意。故选A。

20.根据空格后“you might even find the nest.”（你甚至可以找到它们的巢穴）可知，空格处是谈论如何跟踪鸟类。结合选项可知，选项F（如果你沿着它所走的路跟踪那只鸟）与后文衔接一致。故选F。

Passage 5

Some people succeed,while others may not.  21 

The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic(乐观的). If you do not expect to win,you will not try as hard as those who do expect to win.

  22  If you do not have an aim,then you will not be motivated to work hard and put your performance under the microscope to make sure that every detail is right.

Another quality that helps people succeed is creativity(有创造力) —thinking about things in a different way and wondering how others would do the same thing.  23  They might be successful with a little creativity,but the most successful people are the most creative ones.

  24  It will help you learn about how other people have achieved success.If you want to learn how to set up a successful business, you should read books about people like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang.

Practicing is also important if you want to succeed because practice makes perfect.Practise every day at whatever career you are in,and by doing so,you will see yourself,your business and your self-confidence begin to grow.  25 

Success is yours for the taking! Cheers!

1. If you trust yourself and do what you want confidently,your colleagues will be happy to work with you.
2. Think about some successful people you know.
3. Reading is another to success.
4. That’s because some people work extra hard.
5. Listening is also of importance to success.
6. You also need to have a clear goal because motivation(动力) is a key to achieving success.
7. This is because some people possess certain qualities,which others do not.

【答案】21-25 GFBCA

【解析】本文是说明文。主要讲述了成功的要素。

21.根据第二段“The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic.”和第四段的“Another quality that helps people succeed is creativity”可知，下文说到了成功需要乐观和有创造力，论述了成功所需要的品质，即如何成功，结合空格前句“Some people succeed, while others may not.”可知空格处是引出成功所需的品质，G项中的This指代上文的some people succeed，且G项中的“some...others...”结构与上文一致，qualities引出下文对成功品质的解释。故选G。

22.空格后句：如果你没有目标，那么你就不会有动力去努力工作，也不会把你的表现放在显微镜下，以确保每一个细节都是完美的。F项中的motivation与下文的motivate一致，说明人需要有一个清晰的目标，因为动力是成功的关键要素之一。故选F。

23.根据空格下文“They might be successful with a little creativity, but the most successful people are the most creative ones.”可知，后一句的They肯定是指代前文出现过的人，并且后面说的是最成功的人是最有创造力的。B项中的some successful people符合题意，故选B。

24.空格后文：它将帮助你了解其他人是如何取得成功的。如果你想学习如何建立一个成功的企业，你应该读一些像比尔·盖茨和杨致远这样的人的书。因此空格处是说明阅读也是成功的另一要素。故选C。

25.上文“Practise every day at whatever career you are in, and by doing so, you will see yourself, your business and your self-confidence begin to grow.”说明无论你从事什么工作都要自信，A项中trust yourself和confidently与上文的self-confidence一致。因此A项（如果你相信自己，并且自信地做自己想做的事，你的同事们会很愉快地与你共事。）符合语境。故选A。