统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考小题提升精练9语法填空专训含解析20210331140

语法填空专训

（2020·全国I卷）

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—  61  (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is   62  (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot   63   it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular   64  (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so   65   the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4   66  (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it   67  (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon   68  (construct).” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how   69   ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether   70  (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.

【答案】

61. touched  62. extremely  63. where    64. interest  65. than

66. to find     67. means       68. is constructed  69. much      70. its

【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了中国成功地将无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器发射至月球。

61.考查动词。根据句子结构分析可知此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语last week可知此处应用一般过去时，故填touched。

62.考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词challenging，故填extremely。

63.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。

64.考查名词。根据be of+名词相当于形容词的结构，可知此处应用名词，故填interest。

65.考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。

66.考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的，故填to find。

67.考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处为陈述一般事实，故用一般现在时，且主语为it，故填means。

68.考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据句子成分分析可知，此句同上一句的时态，且moon与construct为被动关系，故填is constructed。

69.考查固定搭配。how much：多少，故填much。

70.考查代词。分析句子可知，此处指它的计划，名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。

（2020·山东卷）

Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,  36(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37  until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38(form) the core collection of the British Museum39 opened in 1759.

The parts of a museum open to the public 40(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 42(they) living at a different time in history or 43(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.

【答案】

36. wealthy  37. or   38. formed  39. which/that  40. are called

41. is   42. themselves  43. walking  44. accuracy  45. for

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，说明了博物馆的部分藏品的来源以及其面临的挑战。

36.考查形容词。根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth，判断此处需填形容词，故填wealthy。

37.考查连词。根据空格前的until it got too big与空格后的until they died，判断此处为选择关系，故填or。

38.考查时态。根据前文提到的时间状语in the 18th and 19th centuries，判断此处需用一般过去时，故填formed。

39.考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。

40.考查被动语态。根据空格前的主语the parts与所给提示词call，判断此处为被动语态，且此处表陈述事实，故填are called。

41.考查主谓一致。根据空格前的主语a small part与所给提示词，判断此处为谓语动词，且主语a small part为单数形式，故填is。

42.考查反身代词。根据空格前的主语visitors、谓语动词imagine与所给提示词they，判断此处为反身代词，故填themselves。

43.考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的or，判断此处为与前面的living at a different time in history为选择关系，因此此处需用v-ing形式，故填walking。

44.考查名词。根据空格前的形容词Historical与空格后的系动词is，判断此处需用名词形式，故填accuracy。

45.考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。

Passage 1

Li Ziqi, who lives in a picturesque village of southwest China’s Sichuan Province,  1  (make) a name for herself by making various Chinese dishes on YouTube since 2016. In her videos, she   2 (graceful) works as a farmer, impressing viewers with her understanding of food, nature and Chinese culture while showcasing the charm of Chinese culture in every detail of daily life. Her traditional food preparation craft and Chinese rural lifestyle have attracted 11.1 million subscribers on YouTube.

Just like Li Ziqi, Grandpa Amu is also trying to spread unique Chinese techniques to the world.  3  63-year old Chinese grandpa’s traditional carpentry skills are delighting tens of millions of viewers online as he creates woodwork without glue, screws(螺丝钉)or nails. His most popular video, which shows him making a fantastic arch bridge,   4  (go) viral on the platform last month, gaining more than 42 million views. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫卯) technique,   5  means no glue or nails are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge. Grandpa Amu has also made several   6  (wood) toys for his grandson using the same technique. Among all the items, a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing toy are his grandson’s   7  ( favorite).

Grandpa Amu’s son and daughter-in-law now work full time on his videos,   8  (hope) that the popularity would help local villagers  9  (well) sell their farm produce. Although the master carpenter has drawn over 1.18 million subscribers so far on YouTube, Grandpa Amu insists that he is not an internet celebrity   10  just an ordinary farmer.

【答案】

1. has made  2. gracefully  3. The  4. went  5. which

6. wooden  7. favorites  8. hoping  9. better  10. but

【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了两位在YouTube上人气很高的网红李子柒和阿木爷爷。

1.考查时态。句意：李子柒住在中国西南部四川省一个风景如画的村庄里，自2016年起，她就因在YouTube上制作各种中国菜而出名。根据时间状语since 2016，since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用；句子主语Li Ziqi是单数形式，助动词应用has；make是不规则变化动词，过去分词为made。故填has made。

2.考查副词。修饰句子的谓语动词works，应该用副词形式。故填gracefully。

3.考查冠词。句意：这位63岁的中国老大爷的传统木工手艺让在线数以百万计的观众惊叹，因为他制作的木制品没有胶水、螺丝和钉子。前一句中提到Grandpa Amu，此处用定冠词the特指前一句中的Grandpa Amu，句子第一个单词首字母大写。故填The。

4.考查时态。句意：他最受欢迎的视频是他制作一座精致的拱桥的视频，上个月在该平台上广泛传播，点击量超过4200万次。时间状语last month指过去的时间，句子谓语应该用一般过去时；go是不规则变化动词，过去式为went。故填went。

5.考查定语从句关系词。句意：阿木爷爷沿用中国古代阴阳榫卯技术，这意味着在建造拱桥的整个过程中没用到胶水和钉子。分析句子结构，空格所在句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an ancient Chinese mortise and tenontechnique，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

6.考查形容词。句意：阿木爷爷也用同样的技术为他的孙子做了一些木制玩具。修饰名词toys应该用形容词形式；wood是名词，形容词形式为wooden，意为“木质的”。故填wooden。

7.考查可数名词的数。句意：在所有的物品中，一只会走路的小猪佩奇和一个吹泡泡的玩具是他孙子的最爱。favorite是可数名词；句子主语a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing toy是复数意义，因此favorite应该用复数形式。故填favorites。

8.考查非谓语动词。句意：阿木爷爷的儿子和儿媳现在全职为他制作视频，希望这种人气能帮助当地村民更好地销售农产品。hope和句子的主语Grandpa Amu’s son and daughter-in-law是逻辑上的主动关系，此处用现在分词hoping作状语。故填hoping。

9.考查副词的比较级。根据句意，此处well应该用比较级的形式，意为“更好地”；well的比较级是better。故填better。

10.考查固定用法。句意：虽然到目前为止，这位木工大师阿木爷爷在YouTube上有超过1800万用户，但他坚称自己不是网红，而只是个普通的农民。根据句意，此处是并列结构not...but...意为：不是……而是……。故填but。

Passage 2

The southern area of Jiangxi province  11  (produce) tea for hundreds of years. Villagers there often like to sing songs while  12  (pick) tea leaves. The beautiful tunes echo over the tea gardens in the hills. After over 400 years of development, this practice has transformed into a performance art.

The tea-picking opera, or Caicha Xi in Chinese, is  13  culture monument of Jiangxi province, having a history of more than 400 years. The opera can be seen on special occasions such as Chinese New Year,  14  the locals are looking to pray for prosperity and a good harvest. Tea-picking opera in southern Jiangxi province is a combination of folk songs and dancing.  15  (it) repertoire(表演剧目) is not about royal families or government officials,16  about the daily lives of local people.

After the founding of New China,  17  (music) created a number of songs based on tea-picking tunes and took the opera to a bigger stage. In 1960s, the popular “See the Red Army off”   18  (compose) by drawing inspirations from one of the  19  (tradition) tunes of the southern Jiangxi tea-picking opera. 86 years ago, with the same tune, mothers saw off their sons, and wives saw off their husbands for Long March.

In 2006, it was listed  20  an intangible cultural heritage in China. To better keep the tradition and pass it on from generation to generation, the local government has provided free education to teenagers in love with tea-picking opera.

【答案】

11. has produced/has been producing  12. picking  13. a  14. when  15. Its

16. but  17. musicians  18. was composed   19. traditional   20. as

【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了江西的采茶戏。采茶戏是一种传统的剧目，有着悠久的历史，新中国建立以来，音乐家基于采茶曲调创造了许多歌曲。

11.考查时态。句意：江西省南部地区生产茶叶已经有数百年之久。根据时间状语for hundreds of years可知，此处表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作或状态，用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。主语The southern area是第三人称单数，故填has produced或has been producing。

12.考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的村民经常喜欢边摘茶叶边唱歌。分析句子结构，while  12  (pick) tea leaves是分词作状语，pick与其逻辑主语Villagers之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填picking。

13.考查冠词。句意：采茶剧，中文又叫采茶戏，是江西省的一种文化遗迹，有400多年的历史。monument“历史遗迹”是可数名词，根据句意表示泛指，culture是以辅音音素开头的词，用不定冠词a。故填a。

14.考查定语从句。句意：这种歌剧可以在诸如中国新年等特殊场合看到，在那些场合当地人祈求繁荣和丰收。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是occasions，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，故填when。

15.考查代词。句意：它的表演剧目不是关于皇室或政府官员，而是关于当地人的日常生活。修饰名词repertoire用形容词性物主代词，表示“它的”，句子第一个单词首字母大写，故填Its。

16.考查连词。not...but...：不是……而是……，是固定短语，根据句意，故填but。

17.考查名词。句意：新中国成立后，音乐家们根据采茶曲调创作了许多歌曲，并将这种歌剧推向了一个更大的舞台。空格处是主语，根据句意，表示音乐家，用musician，且此处是复数意义，故填musicians。

18.考查时态和语态。句意：上世纪60年代，流行的《送红军》是从江南采茶戏的传统曲调中汲取灵感而创作的。分析句子可知，compose是谓语动词，与主语“See the Red Army off”是被动关系，由时间状语In 1960s可推断，用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，综上，故填was composed。

19.考查形容词。修饰名词tunes用形容词作定语，故填traditional。

20.考查固定短语。句意：2006年，它被列为中国非物质文化遗产。be listed as“被列为”是固定用法，根据句意，故填as。

Passage 3

Lightning is very common but one of the most powerful weather forces to hit the earth.  21 (actual), every second about 100 lightning strikes hit  22  surface of the earth. In some parts of the world, for example in India, summer lightning storms are very common. With the rainy season  23  (begin) there, storms often cover most of the country’s northern area. Last week in June, the Reuters news agency  24  (report) lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.

If you are outside,  25  (expert) say you should take cover,  26  means finding a safe shelter for protection. During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe. If you hear thunder, lightning is close enough to hit you. Most lightning victims(受害者) are in open areas or near a tree.

If you are  27  (indoor) during a lightning storm, you could still be  28  danger. Stay off wired phones, computers and other  29  (equip) that can put you in direct contact with electricity. Avoid any areas with running water and stay away from windows and doors. Specialists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save their lives.It is safe  30  (touch)a lightning strike victim. People struck by lightning do not carry a charge.

【答案】

21. Actually  22. the  23. beginning  24. reported  25. experts

26. which  27. indoors 28. in   29. equipment  30. to touch

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷击这种自然现象，是袭击地球最强大的天气力量之一。作者还介绍了正确应对雷雨天气的一些办法。

21.考查副词。句意：事实上，每秒钟大约有100次闪电击中地球表面。修饰后文整个句子应用副词actually，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Actually。

22.考查冠词。此处特指地球的表面，应用定冠词。故填the。

23.考查非谓语动词。句意：随着雨季的开始，暴雨经常覆盖该国北部大部分地区。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，且the rainy season与begin构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填beginning。

24.考查动词时态。句意：据路透社报道，在6月最后一周，印度两个地区雷击造成100多人死亡。report在句中作谓语，结合上文“Last week in June”可知应用一般过去时。故填reported。

25.考查名词的数。句意：如果你在室外，专家说你应该找个隐蔽的地方，也就是说找一个安全的地方躲藏。expert为可数名词，根据后文say为动词原形，可知主语为复数。故填experts。

26.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子“you should take cover”，且从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。

27.考查副词。句意：雷雨期间，如果在室内，你仍可能处于危险之中。此处与上一段中“If you are outside”形成对比，因此需用表地点的副词indoors，表示在室内。故填indoors。

28.考查介词。结合句意表示“处于危险中”可知短语为be in danger。故填in。

29.考查名词。句意：远离有线电话、电脑和其他能让你直接接触电的设备。此处作介词off的宾语，应用名词equipment，且equipment是不可数名词。故填equipment。

30.考查非谓语动词。句意：触碰遭雷击的受害者是安全的。此处为“It be+adj.+不定式短语”结构，句中的it是形式主语，因此此处用不定式作真正的主语。故填to touch。

Passage 4

A new study looked into conversations between parents and their kids when they explored a city park as well as an indoor education center. They found that talking outdoors was much more enthusiastic  31  talking inside.

Researchers from the University of Manchester recorded conversations between parents and  32  (they) 3-and 4-year-old children. They focused on children of that age because they  33  (usual) have a lot to say, but often it can be challenging   34 (hold) a conversation with them, researchers said. But being outside seemed to help.

“Our research shows that  35  (nature) environments can better improve social communication,   36  raises the quality of parent-child conversations,” the study author Thea Cameron Faulkner said in a statement.The study  37 (publish) in the journal of Knviron-mental Psychology.

Researchers said that there was obvious improvement in conversations held outside, but they didn’t know why the communication flowed better. One explanation, they said, is that being outside in nature   38  (ease) pressure for both children and adults  39  creates a better atmosphere for easier conversations. Another explanation is that talking outside may get greater levels of attention between  40 (person).

【答案】

31. than  32. their    33. usually  34. to hold  35. natural

36. which 37. was published  38. eases   39. and   40. persons

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，父母与孩子在户外交流时，交流会更加畅通。

31.考查介词。根据上文中的much more enthusiastic可知此处表示进行比较，空格后是动名词短语talking inside，故空处应填介词than。

32.考查代词。句意：曼彻斯特大学的研究人员录下了父母和他们3岁和4岁孩子之间的对话。设空处后为名词children（孩子们）为名词，故设空处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故答案为their。

33.考查副词。句意：研究人员说，他们关注这个年龄段的孩子，因为他们通常有很多话要说，但通常和他们交谈是很有挑战性的。设空处后为动词，故设空处应用副词作状语。故答案为usually。

34.考查非谓语动词。固定结构It+is+adj+to do sth：做……是怎么样的，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故设空处应为to do形式。故答案为to hold。

35.考查形容词。句意：我们的研究表明，自然环境能更好地改善社会交流，从而提高父母和孩子的对话质量。设空处后为名词，故设空处应用形容词修饰名词。故答案为natural。

36.考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中做指物的主语，先行词为communication（交流），应用关系代词which（that不能引导非限制性定语从句）。故答案为which。

37.考查谓语动词的时态和语态。设空处在句中做谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，study应是被发表。叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语the study是单数，be动词用was。故答案为was published。

38.考查谓语动词的时态。句意：他们说，一种解释是，身处大自然中可以减轻孩子和成年人的压力，并创造一个更容易交谈的氛围。句子的主语为being outside in nature（置身大自然），设空处在句中作谓语；根据主句的谓语is，可知时态为一般现在时。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故答案为eases。

39.考查连词。设空处后的creates（创造）和上句中的eases（减轻）并列作谓语，故应用表示并列的连接词。故答案为and。

40.考查名词的数。句意：另一种解释是，在外面交谈可能会引起人们更多的注意。设空处前为介词，设空处应用名词，设空处所给词为可数名词，且前无冠词，故应用复数形式表泛指。故答案为persons。

Passage 5

If you’re invited to an American friend’s home for dinner, keep   41   mind these general rules for polite behavior.

First of all, arrive approximately on time(but not early).   42 (America) expect promptness(准时).

When you’re invited to someone’s home for a meal,   43  is polite to bring a small gift. Flowers or candy are always appropriate. If you have a(n)  44  (attract) item made in your native country, your host or hostess would certainly enjoy   45  (receive) that as a gift.

Wearing proper clothes and   46  beautiful smile is simply not enough. Table manners are also very important. Do not open your mouth to talk, unless you have swallowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth  47 (close). When you want to get the food   48   is at a distance, do not stretch your hands to reach for it. Instead, ask for the food to be passed to you.

Don’t leave   49  (immediate) after dinner, but don’t overstay your welcome, either. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation, take their behavior as a cue(暗示) to leave. The next day, call or write a thank-you note   50  (say) how much you enjoyed the evening.

【答案】

41. in  42. Americans  43. it   44. attractive   45. receiving

46. a  47. closed  48. that/which  49. immediately  50. to say

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了去美国朋友家里吃饭应该记住的礼貌行为。

41.考查介词。keep in mind：记住，为固定短语。故填in。

42.考查名词复数。零冠词可数名词的复数表示泛指，此处“美国人”是泛指概念。故填Americans。

43.考查形式主语。分析句子可知，句子真正主语为动词不定式to bring a small gift，空格处应用it作形式主语。故填it。

44.考查形容词。句意：如果你有一件本国制造的吸引人的物品，你的主人或女主人肯定会很高兴收到它作为礼物。因空格后为名词item，所以需要用形容词修饰，attract的形容词为attractive，作定语，故填attractive。

45.考查非谓语动名词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，是固定用法，所以要用receive的动名词形式。故填receiving。

46.考查冠词。分析句子可知，句中smile为可数名词单数，空格需用不定冠词。故填a。

47.考查非谓语动词过去分词。介词with可以接复合宾语，空格处close和宾语your mouth为被动关系，需用其过去分词closed作补足语。故填closed。

48.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：当你想要拿远处的食物时，不要伸手直接去拿。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句。先行词为food，关系代词which或that引导从句，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。

49.考查副词。句意：不要在饭后马上离开，但也不要待得太久。空格处应用副词修饰动词leave，故需用immediate的副词形式。故填immediately。

50.考查非谓语动词不定式。句意：第二天，打个电话或写封感谢信，告诉对方你昨晚过得多么愉快。分析句意可知，空格处应用动词不定式，作状语，表目的。故填to say。