统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考提升指导与精练19语法填空含解析20210331111

语法填空

（2020·全国II卷·语法填空）

Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is a  61  (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers  62  (carry) special significance.They represent the earth63  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:

Oranges: Orange trees are more  64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times  65  (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 66  (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67  health, abundance and a happy home.They are easy  68  (care) for and make great presents.

Branches of Plum Blossoms（梅花）: The  69  (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are  70  first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

【答案】

61. celebration   62. carries   63. coming   64. than    65. decorated

66. Certainly    67. with    68. to care   69. beautiful                70. the

【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了为什么在中国新年期间，人们用植物、水果和花装饰家里，以及列举了用来装饰的最流行的植物、水果和花。

61.考查名词。由设空处前a，可判断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。

62.考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。

63.考查非谓语动词。主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。

64.考查连词。句意：桔子树不只是装饰。more than表示“超过，不只是”，结合句意，故填than。

65.考查非谓语动词。主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。

66.考查副词。此处为副词修饰整句话，且位于句首，故填Certainly。

67.考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。

68.考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do，表示“某事容易……”，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to care。

69.考查形容词。有the _______ long branches，可判断此处为形容词修饰名词branches，故填beautiful。

70.考查冠词。the first to do，表示“最先……”，故填the。

（2020·全国III卷·语法填空）

In ancient China lived an artist,  61   paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their   62  (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would   63  (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.

Filled with   64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.   65   he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and  66  (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out   67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved,   68  (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds,   69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist   70   earth, Mother Nature.

【答案】

61. whose  62. finest  63. be chosen  64. curiosity   65. When/As   

66. pointed     67. to find 68. gently      69. surrounding     70. on

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然。

61.考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，

且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。

62.考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。

63.考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。

64.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。

65.考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇的艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。

66.考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。

67.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

68.考查副词。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。

69.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds  69  (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

70.考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。

（2020·浙江卷·语法填空）

Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950  56  (be)30—today it is 41 and is expected  57  (increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the58  (number)are more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.

This aging of the population is driven  59  two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large  60  (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes  61  (old)than before. This is  62  (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has  63  very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.

People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should  64  (place)on longevity(长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier  65  more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.

【答案】

56. was  57. to increase   58. numbers  59. by   60. compared   

61. older     62. particularly  63. a       64. be placed  65. and

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题，并分析了其产生的两个原因。

56.考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。

57.考查非谓语动词。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填to increase。

58.考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。

59.考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由，被”应用介词by。故填by。

60.考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。

61.考查形容词比较级。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。

62.考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。

63.考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子很有可能活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。

64.考查动词时态语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。

65.考查连词。句意：而且，平均而言，他们更健康，更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and，故填and。

Passage 1

A theme park in France started a new and environmentally-friendly way  1  (deal) with litter. It has trained six rooks(白嘴鸦) to pick up rubbish. Rooks are members of the crow family. The birds have been trained to pick up cigarette   2  (end), paper and other things   3  (throw) on the ground. The birds pick up the litter and put it in a trash can. This gives the crows food as a reward. The more litter the birds put in the trash, the more food   4  get.

The head of the park   5  (give) several reasons for using the crows. He said: “The goal is not just to clean up...but also to demonstrate   6  nature itself can teach us to take care of the environment.” Crows are sociable and   7  (intelligence). They may be as smart as a seven-year-old child. The theme park head said: “In   8affectionate, supportive atmosphere, they like to communicate with humans and   9  (establish) a relationship through play.” The crows are quick workers. They can fill a bucket   10  rubbish in less than 45 minutes.

【答案】

1. to deal   2. ends   3. thrown  4. they   5. gave   

6. that      7. intelligent  8. an      9. establish     10. with

【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了法国一家主题公园推出了一种新的环保方式来处理垃圾——训练白嘴鸦在公园建垃圾。

1.考查不定式。句意：法国一家主题公园推出了一种新的环保方式来处理垃圾。way后常接不定式作后置定语，表示“……的方法”，故填to deal。

2.考查名词。句意：这些鸟经过训练，能够捡起烟头、纸和其他扔在地上的东西。cigarette end表示“烟头”，是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填ends。

3.考查非谓语动词。things与throw之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填thrown。

4.考查代词。句意：鸟儿捡的垃圾越多，它们得到的食物就越多。此处指代the birds并在句中作主语，故填they。

5.考查时态。句意：公园负责人给出了使用白嘴鸦（捡垃圾）的几个理由。讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填gave。

6.考查宾语从句。句意：我们的目标不仅仅是清理垃圾，同时也为了证明自然本身可以教会我们保护环境。此处为宾语从句，从句成分完整，所以用that只起连接作用，无实义，故填that。

7.考查形容词。句意：白嘴鸦善于交际，并且很聪明。此处与sociable并列用形容词作表语，故填intelligent。

8.考查冠词。不可数名词atmosphere前有形容词时，常用不定冠词修饰，affectionate以元音音素开头，故填an。

9.考查不定式。like to do sth.表示喜欢做某事，前面已经有了不定式符号to，故填establish。

10.考查介词。它们能在45分钟内装满一桶垃圾。fillsth. with...表示“用……装满……”，故填with。

Passage 2

English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect their children  11  (master)English, which is encouraging the  12  (grow)of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the private sector.

Teaching children in English is fine if that is  13  they speak at home and their parents are fluent  14  it. But that is not  15  case in most public and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don’t understand by teachers  16  English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.

Research shows that children learn  17  (much)when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in Kom  18  (do)better than those taught in English in all subjects.

English should be an important subject at school, but not  19  (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of  20  (lose) custom(光顾) to the private sector should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.

【答案】

11.to master  12.growth  13.what  14.in    15.the

16.whose  17.more   18.did  19.necessarily   20.losing

【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语，而非英语。

11.考查动词不定式。expect sb to do sth“期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填to master。

12.考查名词。the+名词+of...表示“……的……”。故填growth。

13.考查连接代词。分析句子可知，is后接表语从句。在表语从句中，what作speak的宾语。故填what。

14.考查介词。be fluent in“在……方面流利”，为固定短语。故填in。

15.考查冠词。this is not the case“情况不是这样”，为固定短语。故填the。

16.考查关系代词。分析句子可知，teachers为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为whose。故填whose。

17.考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，空处应填much的比较级more。故填more。

18.考查一般过去时。由“last month”可知，本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did。

19.考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。

20.考查动名词。of为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填losing。

Passage 3

Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?

People often move to cities  21   better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting  22   at risk? Maybe.

Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that “natural environments or green spaces” do much for good our mental health and  23  (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.

On the other hand,  24   they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.

Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. “There have been studies  25   people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.”

Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped  26  (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand  27   different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.

The Urban Mind app   28   your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.

The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature  29  (associate) with higher levels of mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.

The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy  30  (intend) to improve design and health”.

【答案】

21. for  22. themselves  23. experiencing 24. though/although  25. where

26. to learn 27. how      28. measures     29. were associated     30. intended

【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过围绕“在城市生活会影响人的精神吗？”这个话题展开，研究人员还使用了“城市思维”这个应用程序衡量人们当下的城市生活体验。研究人员发现了自然环境对精神健康水平有影响。

21.考查介词。根据句意，人们经常搬到城市，是为了获得更好的工作机会和体验更丰富的文化活动，这里表示一种目的，故填for。

22.考查反身代词。句意：但他们是在把自己置于危险之中吗？也许吧。短语put oneself at risk表示使某人自己处于危险之中。根据主语是they，故填themselves。

23.考查非谓语动词。句意：美国精神病学协会的专家表示，“自然环境或绿色空间”对我们的精神健康大有裨益，体验大自然有助于人们从日常工作带来的精神疲劳中恢复过来。因为空格前有and作并列连词，所以后面是一个句子，句中有谓语动词helps，缺少主语，所以experiencing在这里要充当主语，故填experiencing。

24.考查连词。句意：另一方面，虽然他们不能确切地说出原因，但心理健康专家说，一些研究表明，城市生活可能会损害我们的心理健康。根据they cannot say判断是表示让步的句子，可以用though/although引导让步状语从句，故填though/although。

25.考查定语从句。句意：有研究表明，人们从城市转到农村生活，他们的症状会改善。分析句子成分，There have been studies where people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment中有一个定语从句，先行词是studies，people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment是一个完整的句子，主语是people，谓语是were taken out of，宾语是an urban environment，分析句意可知缺少地点状语，故填where。

26.考查非谓语动词。句意：国王学院的研究人员、城市规划者、土地和建筑设计师希望更多地了解城市生活和精神疾病。短语hope to do sth.意为希望做某事，to do表示目的，故填to learn。

27.考查宾语从句。句意：他们说，他们想了解城市环境的不同部分是如何影响心理健康的。根据句意，how意为：怎么样，如何，故填how。

28.考查动词及时态。句意：“城市思维”这个应用程序可以用来衡量你当下的城市生活体验。分析句子成分可知，measure为谓语动词，再根据主语是The Urban Mind app，时态是一般现在时，故填measures。

29.考查动词及语态。句意：研究人员发现，呆在户外，看树，听鸟叫，看天空，感受大自然，这些都与较高的精神健康水平有关。The researchers found that后面是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature，所以接下来所给动词为谓语动词，此句时态是一般过去时，且用被动语态，故填were associated。

30.考查过去分词做定语。句意：“城市思维”项目团队表示，他们希望“研究结果能为未来旨在设计生态城市规划和改良社会政策提供相关信息”。根据句子结构来看，intend充当policy的后置定语，相当于which is intended to，表示旨在，故填intended。