统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考提升指导与精练9阅读理解_细节理解题含解析20210331120

阅读理解——细节理解题

（2020·全国II卷，A）

The Lake District Attractions Guide

Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens

History, Culture&Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.

Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.

Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10:30-17:00(16:00 in Oct).

House: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct).

Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith

Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum

Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.

Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10:30-17:00 Summer. 10:30-16:00 Winter.

Town: Kendal

Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery

Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!

Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10:00-17 00, Sun 11:00-17:00.

Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10:00-16:30, Sun 12:00-16:30.

Town: Carlisle

Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum

Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.

Open: Daily, 09:30-17:30(last admission 17:00).

Town: Grasmere

21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?

A. 09:30-17:30.   B. 10:30-16:00.  C. 11:15-16:00.  D. 12:00-16:30.

22. What can Visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?

A. Enjoy Romney’s works.      B. Have some interactive fun.

C. Attend a famous festival.     D. Learn the history of a family.

23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life?

A. Penrith.    B. Kendal.   C. Carlisle.   D. Grasmere.

【答案】21-23 CAD

【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了湖区（英国著名的国家公园）的几个景点。

21.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第一部分“House: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct).”，故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二部分，令人印象深刻的永久收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼的作品，游客可以欣赏罗姆尼的作品，故选A。

23.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一部分，Wordsworth博物馆所在的小镇是Grasmere。故选D。

（2020·全国II卷，B）

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.

The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.

“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.

The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skill. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.

The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.

24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?

A. Building confidence.       B. Developing spatial skills.

C. Learning self-control.       D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.

25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experimental?

A. Parents’ age.         B. Children’s imagination.

C. Parents’education.        D. Child-parent relationship.

26. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?

A. They play with puzzles more often.

B. They tend to talk less during the game.

C. They prefer to use more spatial language.

D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.

27. What is the text mainly about?

A. A mathematical method.       B. A scientific study.

C. A woman psychologist       D. A teaching program

【答案】24-27 BCDB

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。

24.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“...found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.”，故选B。

25.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.”（莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长对话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因素。），故选C。

26.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一段“However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls...”，故选D。

27.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现，益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。故选B。

（2020·山东卷，A）

POETRY CHALLENGE

Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.

Prizes

3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.

6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.

50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.

Rules

Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.

■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.

■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.

■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.

■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.

1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?

A. Two.    B. Three.     C. Four.     D. Six.

2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?

A. A plane ticket.        B. A book by Corinne Szabo.

C. A special T-shirt.        D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.

3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?

A. Typing your poem out.      B. Writing a poem of 120 words.

C. Using both sides of the paper.     D. Mailing your entry on October 30.

【答案】1-3 ACB

【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。

1.细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中第一句“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。

3.细节理解题。由Rules中“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。

（2020·江苏卷，B）

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property(失物招领)

Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.

The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于) at Roma Street station.

Public holidays

On public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days, i.e.Australia Day, Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.

Customers using mobility devices

Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.

Guardian trains(outbound)

21. What would you do to get ticket information?

A.Call 13 16 17.       B. Visit translink.com.au.

C. Ask at the local station.     D. Check the train schedule.

22. At which station can you find the lost property office?

A.Altandi.   B.Roma Street.  C.Varsity Lakes.  D. Fortitude Valley.

23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?

A.6:42pm.   B.7:29pm.   C.8:57pm.   D.11:02pm.

【答案】21-23 CBB

【解析】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一些铁路信息。

21.细节理解题。根据题干信息提取关键词ticket information，由此定位到文章第一段第二句“For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”。故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据题干信息提取关键词lost property office，由此可定位到文章第一个小标题内容“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is locatedat Roma Street station.”，故选B。

23.细节理解题。根据题干信息提取关键词Central to Varsity Lakes，通过表格内容可知由Central至Varsity Lakes只有7:29 pm，故选B。

Passage 1

Bus Tours in Washington DC

The Blossoms Tour In Washington DC

Duration: 3 hours  $56.99

BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you’ll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. The annual spring bloom in DC is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you!

The Lights Night Tour in Washington DC

Duration: 3 hours  $56.33

Highest-rated Night Tour in DC! The ONLY DC Night Tour where the Tour Guides HOP OFF with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attraction. HOP aboard the The Lights Night Tour! The best time to take a tour of Washington DC is at night.

The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC

Duration: 3 hours  $ 46.92

See all the key attractions DC has to offer in a 3-hour format. You will learn all about the history and trivia(琐事) that surrounds Washington and visit the major monuments and attractions DC has to offer.

Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.

Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC

Duration: 6 hours  $ 78.96

See Arlington Cemetery, Old Town Alexandria and George Washington’s Mount Vernon Estate on this small group bus tour from Washington DC. Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vernon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington’s home on the Potomac River.

1. Which date suits The Blossoms Tour most?

A. July 4.   B. August 15.    C. March 27.    D. October 8.

2. What is special about The Best Minibus Tour?

A. Its price is not fixed.      B. The best time to take it is at night.

C. The tour guide accompanies you.    D. You can get great photos of cherry.

3. Which tour would offer you a chance to learn about George Washington’s home?

A. The Blossoms Tour.

B. The Lights Night Tour.

C. The Best Minibus Tour.

D. Best Mount Vermon & Arlington Cemetery Tour.

【答案】1-3 CAD

【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了华盛顿特区的巴士之旅的相关信息。

1.细节理解题。由The Blossoms Tour In Washington DC中的“Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you’ll be led to all the best spots by the best guides.”可知，每年3月中旬到4月中旬，你都可以在华盛顿看到美丽的樱花，并拍下漂亮的照片，因为最好的导游会带你去所有最好的景点。3月27日在3月中旬到4月中旬之间，最适合赏花之旅。故C选项正确。

2.细节理解题。由The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC中的“Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.”可知，本次旅行的费用因星期几而异。在开放日期中选择特定日期时，将显示该日的费用。所以华盛顿特区最佳小巴之旅的特别之处在于它的价格不是固定的。故A选项正确。

3.细节理解题。由Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC中的“Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vernon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington’s home on the Potomac River.”可知，你的导游将陪同你穿过弗农山，告诉你那里所有的景点和乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河上的家的历史。所以Best Mount Vermon & Arlington Cemetery Tour会让你有机会了解乔治·华盛顿的家。故D选项正确。

Passage 2

How did the sea horse get its name? It’s not hard to guess.The top half of this fish looks like a small horse.But looking at the sea horse’s tail, you might think“sea monkey”is a better name.Then there’s the sea horse’s pouch(袋).“Sea kangaroo”might also be a good name for this fish.

Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world.They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses that grow under the sea.They can also change colors to match their surroundings(环境).A sea horse remains in one place for hours at a time by winding(缠绕)its tail around a plant.It feeds on live food, such as small shrimp.For a fish that doesn’t move around much, the sea horse eats a lot—in just one day, a sea horse can eat 3,000 shrimp!

A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life, and it’s the male(雄的)sea horse that gives birth to baby sea horses.How does this happen? Baby sea horses start out as eggs, which come from the female’s body.The male carries the eggs in its pouch for about three weeks until they hatch(孵化).Soon after the babies are born, the female gives her mate a new set of eggs.The male sea horse spends most of its life carrying eggs.

Sadly, the number of sea horses is becoming smaller.Why is this happening? Some places where sea horses once lived have been filled in to make new land.Also, many sea horses are caught and sold as aquarium(水族馆，养鱼缸) fish.This really is not a good idea because most sea horses don’t live long in aquariums.The best place for a sea horse is the ocean.

4. The sea horse got its name because of its.

A. head   B.tail   C.skin   D.pouch

5. We can learn from the text that sea horses .

A.like to move around     B.live in cold ocean waters

C.feed on small sea animals    D.change colors with the temperature

6. What does a female sea horse do with her eggs?

A.She puts them in the male’s pouch  B.She hides them in sea grasses.

C.She carries them around.   D.She hatches them.

7. Why is the number of sea horses becoming smaller?

A.They grow at a very low speed.

B.Their homes are being destroyed.

C.They are killedby people for food.

D.Their food is becoming less and less.

【答案】4-7 ACAB

【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲解了有关海马的知识，讲到了海马名字的来历，生活习性，如何繁殖及数量越来越少的原因。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s not hard to guess. The top half of this fish looks like a small horse.”（这并不难猜。这条鱼的上半部分看起来像小马）可知，海马是因为头部像马而得名，故选A。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段“It feeds on live food, such as small shrimps.”（它以活的食物为食，比如小虾）可知它们以小虾为食，故选C。

6.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Baby sea horses start out as eggs, which come from the female’s body. The male carries the eggs in its pouch for about three weeks until they hatch.”（海马宝宝一开始是卵细胞，来自雌性海马的身体。雄鱼在育儿袋中携带卵子约三周，直到它们孵化）可知雌海马把卵放在雄海马的育儿袋里。故选A。

7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some places where sea horses once lived have been filled in to make new land. Also, many sea horses are caught and sold as aquarium fish.”（一些海马曾经生活过的地方被填海造陆。此外，许多海马被捕获并作为水族馆鱼出售）提到海马数量减少的两个原因：一是人们填海造田，破坏了它们的生存环境；一是人们捕捉海马来卖。分析选项可知B选项：他们的家园正在被摧毁是海马数量减少的原因。故选B。

Passage 3

Amazon has changed the way we shop — you can get anything on the site, right? Actually, the retail(零售) giant has to draw the line on some products. Here are the items you’ll have to find elsewhere.

Pets

Thankfully, you cannot expect to purchase the family pet on Amazon. Pets, livestock, and marine mammals are strictly prohibited from being sold on the site and with good reason — primarily being that none of these should bekept in a warehouse awaiting an order. If you’re prepared to adopt an animal, one option is to search Petco’s listing of adoptable pets in your area. And, of course, rescuing an animal from a local shelter will do a world of good for both your family and its newest member.

Lottery(彩票) tickets

Most of us wouldn’t turn down an opportunity to strike it rich, but you’re still going to have to wait in line if you want to score a lottery ticket. On Amazon’s list of prohibited items are lottery tickets. Rules and regulations about selling lotto tickets vary by state and merchants must apply to become a retailer of lottery tickets. For example, the California Lottery asks that potential sellers have more than 200 customers daily, be able to accommodate official lottery equipment, and be in a retail setting like a grocery or gas station, among others.

Tobacco

You can find a variety of things for a smoking habit, like ashtrays, pipes, and cigarette paper, on Amazon, but don’t expect to find any actual tobacco products. E-cigarettes, regardless of whether or not they contain nicotine, are also a no-no on the site. It would simply be boring for the company to check the age of buyers ordering tobacco products online.

8. Why is there a ban on selling pets on Amazon?

A. Because selling pets on the Internet is illegal in the world.

B. Because animals can’t be put in the storehouse to sell.

C. Because it’s not safe to buy animals on the Internet.

D. Because animals can only be bought from local shelters.

9. What can you do if you want to buy a lottery ticket?

A. Accommodate official lottery equipment yourself.

B. Apply to become a retailer of lottery tickets yourself.

C. Queue at a lottery ticket store to get one on the spot.

D. Live a life yourself near a grocery store or gas station.

10. What can you buy on Amazon according to the text?

A. E-cigarettes.   B. Marine mammals.  C. Lottery equipment.                D. Cigarette paper.

【答案】8-10 BCD

【解析】这是一篇应用文。在亚马逊网站购物很方便，但是本文却给出了一些不能在该网站上购买的货物。

8.细节理解题。依据文章Pets部分的“primarily being that none of these should be kept in a warehouse awaiting an order”可知宠物之所以无法在亚马逊网购是因为它们不能放在库房里待购。故选B。

9.细节理解题。依据Lottery tickets部分的“you’re still going to have to wait in line if you want to score a lottery ticket”这句话可知，买彩票需要去彩票店排队购买。故选C。

10.细节理解题。依据文章最后一段的“You can find a variety of things for a smoking habit, like ashtrays, pipes, and cigarette paper, on Amazon.”（如果你吸烟，那你可以在亚马逊上找到各种各样的东西，比如烟灰缸、烟斗和卷烟纸。）可知你可以在亚马逊上买到卷烟纸，故选D项。

Passage 4

“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty(新奇), this is as real as it gets.” sing The Sisters of Invention.

The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Carolme—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.

The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.

Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says, “We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we supporteach other on and offstage.

For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”

All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti. “We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today?’” says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says, “What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see. It is creative gold.”

When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says, “They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties. They’re up there to show their strengths.”

11. What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?

A. All its members are disabled.

B. It was founded all by five girls.

C.It has existed for less than ten years.

D.They perform not in order to make money.

12. The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because .

A. they all have great talent   B. they help each other like sisters

C. they have the same experiences  D. they are good at inventing things

13. How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?

A. By talking with the girls.   B. By asking the girls questions.

C. By learning about pop culture.  D. By using his personal experiences.

【答案】11-13 ABA

【解析】本文为记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。

11.细节理解题。由第二段“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。故选A。

12.细节理解题。由第四段“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。故选B。

13.细节理解题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。故选A。