统考版2021届高考英语二轮复习备考提升指导与精练7定语从句含解析20210331118

定语从句

1.（2020·江苏·单项选择）Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.

A. whose    B. which    C. when    D. whom

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。

2.（2020·天津·单项选择）Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

A. whose    B. of whom   C. of which   D. which

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。

3.（2019·江苏·单项选择）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

A. which    B. what    C. when    D. that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为“an age”（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。

4.（2019·天津·单项选择）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.

A. why     B. where    C. which    D. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中“she can say individual words but not full sentences”是一个定语从句，先行词是“the stage”，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。

5.（2018·江苏·单项选择）Self-drivingisanarea_______ Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.

A. that     B. where    C. which    D. when

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个新领域，在这个领域里中国和世界其它国家在同一起跑线上。句中先行词为“area”，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。

6.（2018·天津·单项选择）Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

A. whom   B. that           C. whose         D. her

【答案】C

【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是“Kate has gone to work in Australia”，从句是“_____ sisterI shared a room with when we were at college”，从句修饰“Kate”，是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰“sister”，故用whose。

7.（2018·北京·单项选择）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

A. which       B. who       C. as       D. that

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。

8.（2019·浙江·语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是“cloth”，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

9.（2019·全国II·语法填空）Now Irene Astburyworks from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为“the pet shop”，在非限制性定语从句中作“opened”一词的宾语，故用which。

10.（2019·全国III·语法填空）They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练的很好，这些主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为“masters”（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。

11.（2019·全国I·改错）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

【答案】where→when

【解析】考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是“one afternoon”，关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以此处应用表示时间的“when”。故将where改为when。

12.（2019·全国III·改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.

【答案】what→that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词“environment”在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。

一、单项填空

1. There is no need to panic. After all, the most important measure  has been taken.

A. which needs to be taken      B. that needs to take

C. which needs taking       D. that needs taking

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：没有必要恐慌。毕竟，需要采取的最重要的措施已经采取了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词measure，且先行词由形容词最高级the most important修饰，在从句中作主语，故只能用关系代词that；定语从句中，谓语动词应与先行词保持一致，且此处表示需要（被）做某事，应用need doing sth.，此时主语与do之间为被动关系；need to do sth.表示需要做某事，此时主语与do之间为主动关系，不符合语境。故选D。

2. Gone are the hardest days the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NPC) spread nationwide.

A.which    B.that    C.when     D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：新型冠状病毒肺炎在全国传播的最艰难日子已经过去。此处为定语从句修饰先行词days，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。故选C。

3. The hotel during our holidays stands by the seaside

A.we stayed at it        B. we stayed at

C.we stayed        D.where we stayed at

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在假期住的旅店位于海边。先行词是the hotel，在从句中作状语，可相应的代词it必须省略，故A错误。C项的where关系代词不能省略。如果是where引导的话，定语从句中不能有at，但是D有at。而B项有介词at，后面缺少宾语应该是that或which引导，that/which做宾语是可以省略的。故B项是正确的。选B项。

4. The medical supplies should be kept for those need them urgently.

A.which     B.who    C.whom    D.that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些药品应该被留给那些急需它们的人。those为代词，代指那些人，在本句中做先行词，后面是those的定语从句，从句中少主语，而且指人，应该用who引导。故此空填B。

5. We will never forget the doctorsare working hard in the fight against the novel coronavirus(新冠病毒).

A. when    B.where    C.who    D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们永远不会忘记为抗击新型冠状病毒而努力奋斗的医生们。“are working hard in the fight against the novel coronavirus”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the doctors，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导该从句，故选C。

6. It was a cold winter night, and there wasn’t anyone the boy could turn to for help in the street.

A. that     B.which    C.whom    D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是一个寒冬的夜晚。大街上没有可以给这个男孩提供帮助的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导一个定语从句，先行词是anyone，指人，关系词在从句中作to的宾语，故用whom引导，故选C项。

7. —Who is China’s first UFC champion?

—It is Zhang Weili opponent, Jessica Andrade, was knocked out by her within just 42 seconds.

A.who     B.whom    C.that     D.whose

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：——谁是中国第一个UFC（无限制格斗）冠军？——是张伟丽，她的对手杰西卡安德拉德在42秒内被她击倒。名词Zhang Weili后接一个定语从句，先行词是Zhang Weili，指人，在从句中做名词opponent的定语，所以用关系代词whose，故选D项。

8. Don’t trust such people praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back.

A.who     B.whoever   C.that    D. as

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。不要相信那种当面表扬你，但是背地里说你坏话的人。一个句子跟在名词/代词的后面修饰前面的名词或者代词，我们可以判断出是定语从句。B选项引导让步状语从句，故排除B选项。因为从句中谓语动词praise之前缺少主语，又因为主句中有such，所以应该与引导词构成固定搭配。所以本题选择D选项。

9. Gun control is a subject  Americans have argued for a long time.

A.of which    B.with which   C.about which  D.into which

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话题。先行词为Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，故选C项。

10. I slipped into the professor’s room quietly, on ______ wall there was a big slogan saying “Learn for a Stronger China”.

A. where    B. which    C. whose    D. that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我悄悄地溜进教授的房间，他的墙上挂着一条大标语，上面写着“为一个更强大的中国而学习”。 “on ______ wall there was a big slogan saying ‘Learn for a Stronger China’.”是一个定语从句，先行词是“the professor’s room”，关系词在从句中作定语，故选C。

11. I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without _____________help I wouldn’t be so excellent.

A. their    B. whom    C. whose    D. which

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：我非常感谢我的高中老师，没有他们的帮助，我不会这么优秀。“without _____________help I wouldn’t be so excellent.”是一个定语从句，先行词是“my high school teachers”，关系词在从句中作定语，故选C。

12. The people in Syria have been looking forward to the day ________ the conflict will end.

A. when    B. which    C. where    D. that

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：叙利亚人民一直期待着冲突结束的那一天。此处为定语从句，先行词为“the day”，从句中缺少时间状语，故A项正确。

13. It’s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room ________ babies currently occupy.

A. where    B. whose    C. that    D. as

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：强烈建议不允许吸烟者在婴儿目前占用的任何房间吸烟。“________ babies currently occupy.”是一个定语从句，先行词是“any room”，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，故选C。

14. As is expected, AI is an area _______ China may appear as a leading force.

A. that     B. where    C. which    D. when

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如所预料的那样，人工智能是一个中国可能成为领先者的领域。本题定语从句的先行词是“an area”，定语从句“China may appear as a leading force”的结构很完整，应该使用关系副词引导，排除AC项；关系副词“when”指代的先行词通常指时间，本句中“an area”指“领域”，表示抽象含义，所以使用关系副词“where”表示“在…领域”的抽象含义。故B项正确。

15. He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.

A. that     B. which    C. where    D. what

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信。在信里，他解释了事故中发生的一切。分析句子结构可知，“_____ he explained what had happened in the accident”是定语从句，修饰“a letter”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。C选项正确。

16. Many teachers like surfing the Internet, ________ they may find a lot of useful videos about teaching.

A. which    B. where    C. when    D. that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多老师喜欢上网，在网上他们可能会发现很多有用的教学视频。这是个定语从句，先行词是“the Internet”，表地点，从句缺少状语，因此可以判定使用“where”引导，故选B。

17. A scientist’s attempt to produce the world’s first gene-edited babies _____ are immune to HIV has sparked controversy in academia and the public.

A. as     B. who    C. whom    D. whose

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意为：一位科学家试图培育出世界上首个对HIV有免疫力的基因编辑婴儿，这在学术界和公众中引发了争议。定语从句的先行词为“babies”，且从句缺少主语，故用关系代词“who”引导从句。故选B。

18. A good government is not to pick technologies, but to establish conditions ________ innovation is supported and encouraged into the marketplace.

A. when    B. that    C. as    D. where

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的政府不是挑选技术，而是建立一个支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中包含定语从句，先行词是“conditions”指物，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词“where”引导，故选D。

19. They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected.

A. that      B. which   C. it     D. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作，这是我们没有预料到的。此句的先行词为前面的整个句子，指“他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作”这件事，从句缺少主语，指物，应该用which。故选B。

20.It rained this morning, _____ actually didn’t bother me because I like walking in the rain.

A. what     B. when   C. where    D. which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：今天早上下雨了，这实际上没有对我造成什么影响，因为我喜欢在雨中散步。此处是整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用“which”作关系词，故答案为D。

二、单句语法填空

1. Guilin is one of the best places  he has been to.

【答案】that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桂林是他去过的最好的地方之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是one of the best places，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，又因先行词被最高级修饰，所以空处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。

2. Yesterday I met the teacher  once taught us maths

【答案】that/who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我遇到了曾经教过我们数学的老师。句中先行词为teacher，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或who引导。故填that/who。

3. I will never forget the days  we work together

【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起工作的日子。句中先行词为days，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。

4. Now we have reach a stage  we have no rights at all.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经到了一个完全没有权利的阶段。句中先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。

5. He won first place in the speaking competition,  excited the whole class.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他在演讲比赛中获得了第一名，这使全班兴奋不已。本句为非限定性定语从句，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which引导，指代前面一件事情。故填which。

6. There’s no man  he can turn for help.

【答案】to whom

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他没有人可以求助。短语turn to sb.for help：向某人寻求帮助。句中先行词为man，指人，在定语从句中作动词turn to的宾语，所以用“介词+关系代词whom”引导。故填to whom。

7. The doctor was very impolite to the patient, _______of course, made things even worse.

【答案】which

【解析】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句中，指代前面的一件事，用关系代词“which”引导。句意：医生对病人很不礼貌，当然这使情况更糟。故填which。

8. He got himself into a dangerous situation _______he was likely to lose control over the plane.

【答案】where

【解析】考查定语从句。句中先行词为“situation”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词。句意：他使自己陷入危险的境地，很可能失去对飞机的控制。故填where。

9. Many westerners __________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.

【答案】who/that

【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是“westerners”指人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

10. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.

【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这篇评论的两个作者在2014年出版了一份研究报告，它表明每天仅仅5-10分钟的跑步可以降低心脏病和各种原因造成早死的风险。空格处为关系代词，作定语从句的主语，先行词为“a study (published in 2014)”。故填that/which。

11. Around me in the picture are the things __________ were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

【答案】which/that

【解析】考查定语从句。“the things ”后面句子是定语从句，修饰“the things”，需用作主语的关系代词引导。故填which或that。

12. But Sarah, __________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是Sarah已经和顶尖模特参加了一些表演，想去证明她不仅仅有美貌而且有智力。从句子结构上看，空格处应该缺作主语的一个非限制性定语从句引导词，由先行词“Sarah”可知，用“who”。故填who。