2020-2021学年Topic 1 When was it invented?教学ppt课件
展开Unit 2 Topic 1小结
一.重点单词。
- bee [bi:] n.蜜蜂
- butterfly ['bʌtəflaɪ] n.蝴蝶;蝶泳
- mess [mes] n.肮脏,杂乱;困境
- in a mess 乱七八糟
- shame [ʃeɪm] n.羞耻,羞愧=pity
- several ['sevrəl] det.&pron.几个,数个= a few
- pour [pɔ:] v.倒出;倾泻;不断流出
- waste [weɪst] adj.废弃的n.废料v.浪费
- It’s a waste of time 浪费时间
- villager ['vɪlɪdʒə] n.村民,乡下人
- village n. 农村,村子
- destroy [dɪ'strɔɪ] v.破坏,毁坏 砍倒
- pollute [pə'lu:t] v.污染
- pollution n. 污染
- goodness ['gʊdnəs] n.天哪;啊呀
- breathe [bri:ð] v.呼吸
- breath [breθ] n. 呼吸
- in a breath 一口气
- out of breath 上气不接下气
- pain [peɪn] n.疼,痛,痛苦
- produce [prə'dju:s] n.生产,制造
- product n.产品
- production n.生产
- chest [tʃest] n.胸部,胸膛
- awful ['ɔ:fl] adj.很坏的,极讨厌的
- bear [beə] v.承受,忍受 n. 熊
- editor ['edɪtə] n.主编,编辑
- soil [sɔɪl] n.土壤,土地
- harmful ['hɑ:mfl] adj.有害的有害的,导致损害的
- harm n. 伤害
- deaf [def] adj.聋的
- print [prɪnt] v.印刷
- hearing ['hɪərɪŋ] n.听力,听觉
- hear v. 听到
- loss [lɒs] n.丧失,损失,丢失
- disturb [dɪ'stɜ:b] v.打扰;扰乱
- uncomfortable [ʌn'kʌmftəbl] adj.使人不舒服的
- comfort n.舒服,安慰
- comfortable adj. 舒服的
- unpleasant [ʌn'plez(ə)nt] adj. 讨厌的;使人不愉快的
- sort [sɔ:t] n.种类,类别;品种v.整理
- environmental [ɪn,vaɪrən'mentl] adj.环境的
- environment n. 环境
- including [ɪn'klu:dɪŋ] prep.包括……在内
- onto ['ɒntə] prep.向,朝
- sentence ['sentəns] n.句子;判决,宣判
- coal [kəʊl] n.煤
- create [kri'eɪt] v.造成;创造
- creature n. 创造
- blood [blʌd] n.血,血液
- high blood pressure [haɪ][blʌd]['preʃə] 高血压
- planet ['plænɪt] n.行星
【典例分析】
- mess [mes] n.肮脏,杂乱;困境
in a mess 乱七八糟; What a mess ! 乱糟糟,一团糟
【典例分析】
- shame [ʃeɪm] n.羞耻,羞愧=pity
What a shame ! 太可惜,太遗憾; sense of shame 羞愧感
【典例分析】
- pour [pɔ:] v.倒出;倾泻;不断流出
pour…into… 把……倒入……
e.g. Please pour the red wine into the glass.
【典例分析】
- waste [weɪst] adj.废弃的n.废料v.浪费
①n.浪费,损耗:It’s a waste of money.
②v.浪费:Don’t waste water.
③adj.废弃的,无用的:much waste water 许多废水
【典例分析】
- pollute [pə'lu:t] v.污染
pollution n. 污染;air pollution空气污染
e.g. The cars have polluted the air.
【典例分析】
- breathe [bri:ð] v.呼吸;
breathe out 呼出; breathe in 吸入
【技巧总结】
breath n. 呼吸
take a deep breath 深深地吸一口气;hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸;be out of breath停止呼吸
【典例分析】
- pain n. 疼痛;痛苦。
e.g. No pain, no gains.没有痛苦就没有收获。
have /get a pain in+身体某部位:表示身体某部位疼痛。
e.g. I have got a pain in my throat. 我嗓子疼.
【技巧总结】
painful 痛苦的;painless 没有痛苦的;无痛的
【典例分析】
8. produce v. 出产,生产,制造; n. product 产品[c]
【技巧总结】
make 做,建造,生产 (普通用语,主语多为人,有时也可为生产某个物品的某个地点)
produce 产生,生产,制造 (正式用语,主语可为人,也可为物)
【典例分析】
9. harmful ['hɑ:mfl] adj.有害的有害的,导致损害的 ; harm n. 伤害
be harmful to = do harm to 对……有害
e.g. Light pollution is harmful to animals. = Light pollution does great harm to animals.
光污染对动物有害.
【典例分析】
- bear [beə] v.承受,忍受; n. 熊
1)can’t bear sth 难以忍受某事
e.g. I can’t bear the environment here. 我难以忍受这里的环境.
2)can’t bear doing sth 难以忍受做某事
e.g. I can’t bear working here. 我难以忍受工作在这里.
【典例分析】
- deaf [def] adj.聋的
go deaf 变聋;be deaf to sth 对......充耳不闻
e.g. People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf. 工作和生活在嘈杂环境里的人们经常变聋.
【典例分析】
12. hearing ['hɪərɪŋ] n.听力,听觉; loss [lɒs] n.丧失,损失,丢失
lose one’s hearing = have hearing loss 丧失听力
【典例分析】
13. uncomfortable [ʌn'kʌmftəbl] adj.使人不舒服的
comfortable adj. 舒服的; comfort n.舒服,安慰;
【典例分析】
- sort [sɔ:t] n.种类,类别;品种v.整理
a sort of .... 一种/类的;all sorts of ..... 各种各样的
【典例分析】
- create v. 造成,创造;creative adj. 创造性的
creation n. 创造;创造物
【典例分析】
- blood [blʌd] n.血,血液
high blood pressure 高血压
二.重点短语。
- 看见某人或某物正在做某事 see sb./sth doing sth
- 看见某人或某物做某事 see sb./sth. do sth
- 看见某人或某物被... see sb./sth done
- 把...倒入... pour...into...
- 野餐 have a picnic
- 有某人或某物正在做... There be sth/ sb doing
- ...怎么样? What about...?
- 身体的某个部位疼痛 get a pain in the +身体部位
- 更糟糕的是 What's worse
- 让...处于某种状态 make sb/sth+ adj.
- 太多 too much+不可数名词/too many +可数名词复数
- 顺便说 by the way
- 不能容忍做某事 can't bear doing sth.
- 关心 关注 care for
- 对...有害 be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth.
- 变聋 go deaf
- 丧失听力 lose one's hearing= have hearing loss
- 许多 quite a few
- 和...一样不好 no better than
- 不比...好 not better than
- 到处乱扔… throw…around
- 看起来很虚弱 look weak
- 心情糟糕 in a bad mood
- 感到不舒服和不愉悦 feel uncomfortable and unpleasant
- 在今天的世界 in today’s world
- 注意… pay attention to..
- 一种污染 a kind of pollution
- 打扰他人 disturb others
- 消失了 have gone
- 据报道 it is reported that
- 许多种 all sorts/kinds of
- 睡得好 sleep well
- 在许多方面 in many ways
- 听起来真棒! sounds great
- 不是所有 not all
- 也,还 as well
- 更糟糕得是 What’s worse
38. 而且,并且,更为重要得是 What’s more
【典例分析】
- see sb./sth. doing sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事
see sb./sth. do sth. 看见某人/某物做了某事(全过程)
【技巧总结】
类似的动词还有 hear, watch, find, feel …
e.g. (1) I saw Jack playing soccer there when I walked past the playground.
(2) I saw her cross the road just now.
【典例分析】
- have/has gone 不见了,消失了
e.g. My money has gone. 我的钱不见了。
【典例分析】
- 听起来真棒!sounds great;闻起来真难闻 smells terrible
系表结构:系动词 + 形容词
e.g.The music sounds great. 音乐听起来很好听.
I feel very happy. 我感觉很开心.
【技巧总结】
系动词的分类
1)表示状态的系动词
be; feel; smell; sound; taste; seem; appear; look; keep; remain; stay; stand
2) 表示转变或结果的系动词
become; turn; grow; fall; get; go; come
【典例分析】
- too many + 可数名词复数, 太多
e.g. There are too many people in the supermarket. I don’t want to go there any more.
【技巧总结】
1) too much + 不可数名词, 太多
e.g. I am busy. I have too much work to do.
2) much too + adj./ adv. 太......
e.g. It’s much too cold today. Many people stay at home instead of going out.
【典例分析】
5. lose one’s hearing意为“丧失听力”,同义短语是:have hearing loss。
e.g. Beethoven lost his hearing at the age of 50. 贝多芬在50岁时失去了听力.
【典例分析】
6. quite a few 许多,大量。
e.g. There are quite a few old people living in this area. 这个地区住着许多老年人。
【典例分析】
7. no better than... 意为“和……(几乎)一样坏”。
e.g. His composition is no better than mine. 他的作文和我的一样差。
【典例分析】
8. as well 也, 还
e.g. We’re going to the party tonight. Why don’t you come along as well?
【技巧总结】
also,too,as well与either 的区别
also,as well,too,用于肯定句,
also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;
as well,too用于句末;
either用于否定句中,置于句末。
三.重难点详解
- Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.
看,有几家化工厂正在往小溪里排放废水。
there be + sb./sth. + doing sth. 有某人/某物正在做某事
e.g. Listen ! Someone is singing in the next room. 听,有人在隔壁房间唱歌.
2. It’s difficult for me to breathe. 我呼吸很困难。
It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对...来说,做某事是.....的
e.g. It’s important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,把英语学好很重要.
3. However , not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution……
然而,不是所有的人都会自动噪音也是一种污染……
not all ...此结构表示部分否定,意为“不是所有的……”。not与both, all,every以及every的派生词连用时表示部分否定。
e.g. Not everybody likes playing basketball.不是所有的人都爱打篮球
【技巧总结】
而neither,none,nothing,nobody,no one等用来表示全部否定。
e.g. None of my friends likes swimming.我的朋友中没有一个人喜欢游泳。
4. Recently,it was reported that Many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do.
据报道,近来许多美国青少年的听力几乎和65岁老人的听力一样差。
not better than与no better than的区别:
1) “not +比较级+than ” “不比…好(或坏)”,即两者在某方面不相上下。
e.g. John is not better than Tom. 约翰并不比汤姆好。
He is not healthier than his friend. 他并不比他的朋友更健康。
2) “no+比较级+than ”结构表示该形容词或副词的相反含义,意思是“与…一样不…”
如:no better than意义上相当于as bad as.
- A:---How long have you been like this?
B:----I've been like this since last week.
how long意为多久,多长时间,用来询问或谈论某段时间,答语通常用for,since等引导的时间状语,谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
e.g. --How long have you learned English? 你学英语多久了?
--I have learned English for three years. 我学英语已经三年了。
- Recently,it was reported that Many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do.
据报道,近来许多美国青少年的听力几乎和65岁老人的听力一样差。
It was reported that...... 据报道……
It is said that ...... 据说……,
It is believed that ...... 人们相信……
It is well known that ...... 众所周知……
四.重点语法.
语法一:一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
【要点】 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调过去的动作与现在没有联系,只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响。一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“have/has+动词的过去分词”。
e.g. I have visited a museum.(说明现在对博物馆有所了解)
I visited a museum last week.(只说明上周参观博物馆这个动作)
- 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last week,ago,just now,in 2009 等连用;而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never 等副词或since,for等表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. He has lived in Beijing for 10 years.
He lived in Beijing for10 years.
- 现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去,而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
e.g. I have reviewed two lessons this morning.
I reviewed two lessons this morning.
语法二:五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
(1) 一般现在时被动语态的构成:助动词be + 动词的过去分词
e.g. English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般过去时被动语态的构成:助动词was/were + 动词的过去分词
e.g. Was this novel written by his father?
(3) 一般将来时被动语态的构成:will/be going to do + be + 动词的过去分词
e.g. The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 现在完成时被动语态的构成:助动词have/has + been + 动词的过去分词
e.g. Has his work been finished?
(5) 现在进行时被动语态的构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词
e.g. The problem is being discussed by the students.
(6)带有情态动词的被动语态的 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词
e.g. Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
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