小升初英语语法专项培优突破 第13章：被动语态（3）被动语态的几种类型

这是一份小升初英语语法专项培优突破 第13章：被动语态（3）被动语态的几种类型，共5页。
1) 由及物动词形成的被动语态
He was tld the interesting stry by me.
The interesting stry was tld t him by me.
我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。
1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态
详见＜2.主动语态变为被动语态＞的例句。
2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态
give，teach…之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语，也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。
Tm gave me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。
I was given a present by Tm.(以人“I”做主语)
A present was given(t)me by Tm.
(以物“present”为主语)
He teaches us English.他教我们英语。
We are taught English by him.(以人当主语)
English is taught us by him.(以物当主语)
He bught me a bk.他给我买了一本书。
I was bught a bk(by him).
(以人当主语；此句语法上正确，但实际应用时很别扭，所以一般不用)
A bk was bught fr me(by him).
(以物当主语)
3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
call，make之类的动词常常有宾语补足语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语的位置不变。
They call him Bb. 他们叫他鲍勃。
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
He is called Bb (by them).
主语 谓语 宾语 (Bb 位置不变)
The landlrd made him wrk. 地主迫使他干活。
主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
He was made t wrk (by the landlrd).
主语 谓语 宾补
注意
所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词，甚至包括感官动词feel，see，hear，watch，lk at，listen t和使役动词let，make，have和动词help在变为被动语态时，一律加t。
2) 由不及物动词+介词或副词形成的被动语态
Many trees are cut dwn by wrkers.
许多树木被工人砍倒。
不及物动词不能跟宾语，当然就没有被动语态了，但有的不及物动词，后面跟上一个介词或副词后(即形成所谓的动词短语)，其作用和一个及物动词一样，这样，在变成被动语态时，千万不要把介词或副词去掉。
She lks after them.
她照顾他们。
(○)They are lked after by her.
(×)They are lked by her.
We laughed at him.
我们笑话他。
He was laughed at(by us).
必背！
动词短语的被动语态
take care f照看
→be taken care f
cut dwn砍倒
→be cut dwn
laugh at嘲笑
→be laughed at
lk after照料
→be lked after
必背！
被动语态的动词短语
以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加“by”。
be cvered with 用……覆盖着
be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be knwn t 出名
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be made f(frm) 用……制造的
3) 由情态动词形成的被动语态
The persn must be taken care f by his sn.
这个人一定要由他儿子照顾。
含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面加上be动词即可，其句型如下：
肯定句：主语+情态动词(can，may，must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词～.
否定句：主语+情态动词+nt +be +过去分词～.
疑问句：情态动词(Can，May，Must)+主语+be +过去分词～？
注意
《be ging t +动词原形》句型变为被动语态时，我们把be ging t看成一个词，就如同情态动词can一样，因此它的被动语态应该是《be ging t be +过去分词》。
He is ging t make it.
→It is ging t be made(by him).
We can change water int ice.
我们可以把水变成冰。
Water can be changed int ice.
水可以被变成冰。
Yu must nt take ut any bks.
你不可以拿走任何一本书。
Any bks mustn't be taken ut by yu.
Can yu use it？你会使用它吗？
Can it be used？
被动语态的几种类型 练习题
变换句型
1．Many peple visited Nara.
Nara ________ ________ by many peple.
2．Miss Ding teaches us English.
English ________ ________ by Miss Ding.
3．We call her Grace.
She ________ ________ Grace.
4．When did they make these cars ?
When ________ these cars made ?
5．My uncle gave me sme English bks.
Sme English bks ________ t me by my uncle.
I ________ sme English bks by my uncle.
6．Peple called him "clever" Hans.
He ________ ________ ________ ________ .
7．1 was encuraged by my parents.
My parents ________ ________.
8．Wh will lk after the children?
________ ________ ________the children _______ ________ ________ ?
9．My father has written t my brther.
My brther ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ my father.
【答案】
1．was visited
2．is taught
3．is called
4．were
5．were given; was given
6．was called “clever” Hans
7．encuraged me
8．By whm will be lked after
9．has been written t by