2021北京市高考压轴卷：英语+答案解析（无听力）

这是一份2021北京市高考压轴卷：英语+答案解析（无听力），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021北京市高考压轴卷
英语试题
注意事项
本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When it came time to vote for the speaker at graduation in the class meeting, Ms. Lenihan asked who would like to be our class speaker. Being a (an) 1 girl, I tried not to make eye contact. Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers, I felt a sense of 2 . But at last Ms. Lenihan 3 in front of us and said, “We will have another meeting this week, and I expect to see more participation. I am 4 that some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” When she said those words, I looked up to see she was glaring right at me. I felt so nervous, but knowing she had so much 5 in me, I should not let her down.
After spending the whole week practicing a speech, I stood up in front of my classmates. There were eight to ten other participants, and I didn’t 6 much for myself. When the votes came in the next day, Ms. Lenihan announced that the class chose me! I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech. My 7 level went through the roof, but Ms. Lenihan told me she was glad that I had stepped up to the 8 .
Over the next month I worked on my graduation speech. When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 9 when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me. I believe I 10 that day, and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.
1．A．shy B．honest C．outgoing D．lazy
2．A．duty B．shame C．loss D．relief
3．A．stayed up B．climbed up C．marched up D．pulled up
4．A．disappointed B．depressed C．embarrassed D．frightened
5．A．faith B．interest C．pride D．ambition
6．A．win B．expect C．prove D．share
7．A．threat B．anxiety C．excitement D．tolerance
8．A．achievement B．destination C．failure D．challenge
9．A．till B．then C．but D．so
10．A．proceeded B．promised C．innovated D．transformed
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn't see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came 11． a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can't see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, 12． (unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is 13． I carry a lighted lamp.”

B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide . An increasing number of Chinese literary works 14． (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions 15． (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议). Not only have the 16． (story) from China's past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world's attention.
C
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last July China's manned submersible (载人潜艇)Fendouzhe 17． (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the 18． (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, 19． is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists 20． (move) around and study the sea.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Explore Nice in France - how car travel makes for a memorable holiday.
A classic option to explore the celebrated city of France, such as Nice is through hard travel. Cruising through the South of France, there are museums and restaurants to experience. Visiting these attractions is most convenient with a car. As hiring a car in Nice from the airport is simple. One can sit back and drive through the wonderful country lands without a care in the world. The west side has small hills while the east extends to the Mediterranean Sea. Peaceful vineyards, quiet villages at a rich life awaits you if you drive through the countryside.
Restaurants
The kitchen delights that Nice offers are the cities chief attraction. The Cours Saleya market, offers fine delicacies while sipping the Provencal wine is another soothing experience. Overall, Coted’ Azur can be put as the gastronomic capital of France.
Beaches
Being along the coastline，Nice offers some really warm and relaxing beaches to its tourists lined with cosy seaside apartments and hotels.
Tips for Hiring a Car
Choose a car which can easily accommodate you and your family without being too big-- Traffic can be a major issue in some cities.
A GPS navigation system aids in traveling without getting lost and also helps in saving time.
Check with various number of car hire companies for the different prices so that you do not end up with an expensive package. Traveling to France has perhaps been on the wish lists of every travel-hungry person. And you can make your trip even more memorable by traveling through the country in the car.
21．What can be learned about Nice from the passage?
A．It is located far from the sea.
B．It has quiet villages and vineyards
C．It is no easy way to hire a car in Nice.
D．It offers the warmest beach to tourists.
22．When hiring a car in France, you are advised to ________
A．Choose one as big as possible.
B．Ignore the GPS navigation system.
C．Pay for your accommodation in advance.
D．Check with companies for reasonable prices.
23．This passage is intended for________
A．drivers B．travelers
C．passengers D．tour guides
B
What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.
Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.”
Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.”
One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver (肝脏) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said.
The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.”
24．Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________.
A．make the animal popular with people
B．show her unique appreciation of beauty
C．introduce the research on a new species
D．explain the importance of this kind of animal
25．Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________
A．why some animals deserve their reputation
B．why she thinks it necessary to save animals
C．how people focus on some specific animals
D．how she is trying to change people’s minds
26．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Animal Defender
B．Intelligent Animals
C．Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs
D．The Secret of Extinct Creatures
C
I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.
The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job. The truth is, I don't know how I'm going to get through these days." Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.
My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn't know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, or ask for her husband's resume（简历）?
Walking into the parking lot, I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn't a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.
"Excuse me," I said, my voice trembling a bit. "I couldn't help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you' re going through a really hard time right now. I'm so sorry. I'd like to give you something."
I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the two words "You Matter" on the card, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said: "You have no idea how much this means to me."
I was a little startled by her reply. Having never done anything like this before, I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was: "Would it be OK to give you a hug?"
A few days earlier, one of my workmates gave a similar card to me as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I ordered my own box of “You Matter" cards and started sharing them.
27．What was the woman's trouble?
A．She lost her job.
B．She needed more food stamps.
C．She didn't know how to get through the hard time.
D．She didn't have enough money to pay for her groceries.
28．How did the author help the woman?
A．She inspired the woman with a card.
B．She bought some food for the woman.
C．She gave the woman a handful of money.
D．She offered the woman's husband a better job.
29．What does the underlined word “startled” most probably mean?
A．Moved. B．Surprised. C．Pleased. D．Annoyed.
30．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．You Decide Who You Are B．Bad Things Will Go Away
C．The Help from a Stranger D．The Power of a Small Card
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
31．According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A．was a classic in theoretical physics
B．turned out to be comprehensible
C．needed further improvement
D．attracted few professionals
32．What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Unrealistic. B．Irrelevant.
C．Unattractive. D．Imprecise.
33．According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A．The application of research findings.
B．The principle of scientific research.
C．The selection of young talents.
D．The evaluation of laboratories.
34．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．What makes Einstein great?
B．Will science be professionalized?
C．Could Einstein get published today?
D．How will modern science make advances?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthy eating, like many things, doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing enterprise. If you're looking to eat healthier, here are a few simple things you can do that don't involve an extreme diet.
Figure out the problem.
It's important to know what you're trying to fix. You would just first of all get to the root of the problem and see what the main obstacles are.35． If you decide that you spend too much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because your meals aren't filling enough, or you need more nutritionally-balanced snacks around.
Start small.
Make one or two changes to your daily routine and see how that goes. If it's doable and sustainable, try adding another change and see how that feels. 36．If the habit you are developing is customized(定制)to you，to your lifestyle，to how you feel and to your reality, it will be easy for you to repeat it and to make it a habit.
37．
We have become increasingly dependent upon processed and convenient restaurant meals. Our taste buds(味蕾)can come to long for these high-fat， high-salt food. Cooking more often can often improve your dietary quality and decrease your reliance upon these foods.
Add some fibre.
Many of us feel "full and energized" after a high-fibre meal or snack. Remember that fibre fills us up on few calories.38．High-fibre diets have been linked to a range of health benefits, including protecting against disease. We should choose whole grains, and add chia seeds to things like cereal or yogurt to boost their fibre content.
Use smaller plates.
Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing to do that can bring us big benefits.39． Make sure that half your plate is covered in fruits or veggies.
Make a commitment to focus on life-long behaviour change using strategies that are healthy, enjoyable and therefore sustainable.
A．Cook more at home.
B．Rely on restaurant meals.
C．It's about building new habits.
D．Then, you can look at the cause.
E. You can turn to your friends for help if necessary.
F. It slows digestion，lowers cholesterol(胆固醇)and stabilizes blood sugars.
G. This will help to control portion(食物的一份)sizes so that you can be a more mindful eater.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）。
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Is it better for our bodies to work out at certain times of the day? Scientists have known for some time that every tissue in our bodies contains a kind of biological clock that goes off in response to messages related to our daily exposure to light, food and sleep.
However, whether and how exercise timing might influence metabolic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results of past experiments have not always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes, but had not considered the possible role of timing. Now, seeing the varying impacts of the intense workouts, he wondered if the timing of workouts might similarly affect how the workouts changed people’s metabolisms.
Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. They also had noted when the riders showed up for their workouts. The researchers pulled data for the 12 men who consistently had worked out between 8 and 10 a.m. and compared them with another 20 who always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.
He says, “This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier. The particular and most effective exercise for each of us will line up with our daily routines and exercise tendencies because exercise is good for us at any time of day—but only if we choose to keep doing it.”
40．What inspired Professor Schrauwen to carry out the research related to the timing of workouts?
41．What did Schrauwen’s new study figure out?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
43．When do you think is the best time for you to exercise? Why? (about 40 words)

第二节（20分）
44．假定你是李华，得知你班英国交换生Jenny最近因学习压力大而情绪低落。请给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示关心；2.提出缓解、释放压力的建议。
参考词汇：压力pressure；缓解、释放relieve
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
A: 11．across 12．unfortunately 13．why
B: 14．have been translated/were translated 15．Involved 16．stories
C: 17．dived/dove 18．Deepest 19．Which 20．to move
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A: 21．B 22．D 23．B
B： 24．D 25．D 26．A
C： 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．D
D： 31．B 32．B 33．C 34．C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35．D 36．C 37．A 38．F 39．G
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分， 共12分）。
40．The 2019 study.
41．For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
42．Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
43．略
第二节（20分）
【答案】Dear Jenny,
I’m worried to learn that you are depressed because of the great pressure of recent study. Here are some tips for you to relieve it.
First of all, shift your focus. Paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous. You should think about the progress you’ve made and build your self-confidence. Secondly, take some exercise. A saying goes that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Do some sports, and you'll feel relaxed all over. Last but not least, sleep well. Getting a good night’s sleep, you’ll be recharged and start over easily.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua


【解析】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己是一个害羞的女孩，最终在老师的帮助下站在全校师生面前发表毕业演讲。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个害羞的女孩，我尽量不去和别人有眼神交流。A. shy害羞的；B. honest诚实的；C. outgoing外向的；D. lazy懒的。根据“I tried not to make eye contact.”可知，作者是一个害羞的女孩。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到几个同学走到前面陈述为什么他们应该是演讲者，我感到如释重负。A. duty责任；B. shame羞愧；C. loss损失；D. relief欣慰。根据“Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers,”可知，有同学主动做班级的发言人，作者不需要演讲，所以感到如释重负。故选D。
3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说：“这周我们还会有另一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里! ”A. stayed up熬夜；B. climbed up爬上；C. marched up挺进；D. pulled up停下。根据“in front of us and said,”可知，勒尼汉老师走到学生们的前面讲话。故选C。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说，“这周我们还会有另一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里! ” A. disappointed失望的；B. depressed沮丧的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. frightened害怕的。根据“some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!”可知，勒尼汉老师对不踊跃参加的同学感到失望。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到很紧张，但是知道她对我有这么多的信心，我不应该让她失望。A. faith信念；B. interest兴趣；C. pride自豪；D. ambition雄心。have faith in相信。根据“I should not let her down.”和“When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 　9　when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me.”可知，勒尼汉老师对作者很有信心。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有8到10个参与者，我对自己的期望不高。 A. win赢得；B. expect期望；C. prove证明；D. share分享。根据“There were eight to ten other participants,”可知，因为参与者很多，所以作者对自己的期望不高。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。A. threat威胁；B. anxiety焦虑；C. excitement激动；D. tolerance容忍。根据“I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech.”可知，作者要站在全校师生面前发表演讲，所以非常焦虑。故选B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。A. achievement成就；B. destination目的地；C. failure失败；D. challenge挑战。根据“Being a (an) 　1　girl, I tried not to make eye contact.”可知作者是个害羞的女孩，能够战胜自我，在全校师生面前发表演讲，这是一个挑战。故选D。
9．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我站在全校师生面前的时候，我仍然很紧张，但当我看着勒尼汉老师的时候，我想起了我站在那里的全部原因是她对我有信心。A. till直到；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. so因此。根据“When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous,”可知，前后句为转折关系，所以用连词but。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信那天我改变了，也会永远记得勒尼汉老师给我的鼓励。A. proceeded开始；B. promised答应；C. innovated改革；D. transformed改变。根据“and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.”可知，勒尼汉老师给作者鼓励，所以作者相信自己改变了。故选D。

11．across 12．unfortunately 13．why
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个盲人拿着一盏点燃的灯为别人照明的故事。
11．考查固定短语。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。come across偶遇，遇到，固定短语。故填across。
12．考查副词。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后整个句子，unfortunate的副词为unfortunately“不幸地”。故填unfortunately。
13．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句，此处是对拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因进行解释说明，所以空处需用连接副词why引导。故填why。

14．have been translated/were translated 15．Involved 16．stories
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国文学在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。
14．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：越来越多的中国文学作品被翻译成英、法、日、俄等多种语言，被“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的人们阅读。空处需用动词作谓语，根据句意可知，空处谓语动词可以用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，表示过去被翻译，此处也可以用现在完成时态的被动语态：has/have been done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语是复数works，所以此处be动词需用were，助动词需用have。故填have been translated或were translated。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。本句已有谓语动词translate，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词countries and regions，表示被动需用过去分词involved作后置定语。故填involved。
16．考查名词复数。句意：不仅来自中国历史的故事穿越了时间的长河，而且语言的美丽吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助动词have可知，空处需用名词story的复数作主语。故填stories。

17．dived/dove 18．Deepest 19．Which 20．to move
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国载人潜水器“奋斗者”号实现最深潜水记录。
17．考查动词时态。句意：去年7月，中国“奋斗者”号载人潜水器潜入马里亚纳海沟10909米深处。由时间状语Last July可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，dive的过去式为dived/dove。故填dived或dove。
18．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是中国载人潜水器的最深潜水记录。根据空后“diving record for a Chinese manned submersible.”和空前定冠词the可知，空处形容词需用其最高级形式deepest，表示最深潜水记录。故填deepest。
19．考查定语从句。句意：水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于科学家们来说，卵形潜水器更容易四处走动和研究海洋。Make it easier for sb. to do sth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填to move。

21．B 22．D 23．B
【分析】本文是应用文，介绍了在法国城市Nice旅游的相关信息和攻略。
21．细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Peaceful vineyards, quiet villages at a rich life awaits you if you drive through the countryside.”（如果你驾车穿过乡村，宁静的葡萄园、宁静的村庄，丰富的生活正等着你）可知Nice拥有宁静的葡萄园和村庄。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据末段“Check with various number of car hire companies for the different prices so that you do not end up with an expensive package.”（向不同的汽车租赁公司询问租车的价格，这样你可以避免租到高价车。）可知提前问价，货比三家，就能以更合理的价格租到车。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。全文介绍了在法国城市Nice旅游的攻略，所以是针对游客的一份旅游指南。故选B项。

24．D 25．D 26．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well”（两栖动物在食物链中占据着一个至关重要的位置。如果你把它们移走，其他的一切也都会消失）可知，库克开始写《两栖动物复仇者》是为了解释这种动物的重要性。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid.（他们总是以懒惰和愚蠢而闻名。）”和最后一句“My video showed the world how interesting they are”（我的视频向世界展示了他们是多么有趣）可知，这个视频是为了改变人们对树懒的看法，所以库克关于树懒的视频是她如何试图改变人们想法的一个例子。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.”（动物学家露西·库克提醒人们注意一些世界上最不吸引人的动物。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。）以及下文露西·库克的行为可知，文章主要介绍了动物学家露西·库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。所以选项A（动物的保护者）是最好的标题。故选A。

27．C 28．A 29．B 30．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在超市偶然听到一位妇人提到自己家里遇到困难，生活艰难。作者最后拿出一张写着“你是最重要的”卡片送给她，妇人很受感动与鼓舞。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job. The truth is, I don't know how I'm going to get through these days."（女人低下头，摇摇头说:“不太好。我丈夫刚丢了工作。事实上，我不知道这些日子该怎么过。”）”可知，女人不知道该如何度过目前的艰难日子。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据第六段“I handed her the small card from my purse. When the woman read the two words "You Matter" on the card, she began to cry.（我把钱包里的小卡片递给她。当这位女士看到卡片上的两个字“你很重要”时，她哭了起来。）”可知，作者给了她一张卡片，写着“你很重要”，给予这位女士精神的鼓舞与安慰。故选A项。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“Having never done anything like this before, I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive.（我以前从来没有做过这样的事情，我不知道会得到什么样的反应）”可知，作者不知道怎么回答，应该是妇人的反应还是很意外的。“startled”意思是吃惊的。故选B项。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I ordered my own box of “You Matter" cards and started sharing them.（当我读这张卡片时，我感到一股温暖的光芒在我的内心蔓延。我深受感动，自己订购了一盒“你很重要”卡片，并开始分享。）”及倒数第三段“When the woman read the two words "You Matter" on the card, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said: "You have no idea how much this means to me(当这位女士看到卡片上的两个字“你很重要”时，她哭了起来。她流着泪说:“你不知道这对我有多重要。”)."可知，作者当初收到朋友的卡片时，很感动，深受鼓舞，这次这个生活艰难的女人收到小卡片也很感动，有了坚持下去的信心，可知作者觉得有时一张小小的卡片有着神奇的力量。“一张小卡片的力量”最适合作文章标题。故选D项。

31．B 32．B 33．C 34．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有12个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过12个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B。
32．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.”可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第七段“A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选C。
34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.（但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Could Einstein get published today?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？)”故选C。

35．D 36．C 37．A 38．F 39．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有健康饮食的五种方法。
35．根据下文“If you decide that you spend too much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because your meals aren't filling enough, or you need more nutritionally-balanced snacks around.（如果你决定花太多时间盲目地吃零食，可能是因为你的三餐吃得不够饱，或者你需要更多营养均衡的零食。）”可知，下文是在为自己不健康的饮食找原因。D选项“Then, you can look at the cause.”（然后，你可以看看原因。）符合题意，故选D项。
36．根据上文“If it's doable and sustainable, try adding another change and see how that feels.（如果这是可行的和可持续的，试着增加另一个改变，看看感觉如何。）”以及下文“If the habit you are developing is customized(定制)to you，to your lifestyle，to how you feel and to your reality, it will be easy for you to repeat it and to make it a habit.（如果你正在养成的习惯是为你、你的生活方式、你的感觉和你的现实量身定做的，那么你就很容易重复它并使它成为一种习惯。）”可知，增加的改变是养成一个新的习惯。C选项“It's about building new habits.”（关于建立新的习惯。）符合题意，故选C项。
37．根据下文“Cooking more often can often improve your dietary quality and decrease your reliance upon these foods.（经常烹饪可以改善你的饮食质量，减少你对这些食物的依赖。）”可知，本段是讲养成一个健康的饮食的方法是多在家做饭。A选项“Cook more at home.”（多在家做饭。）符合题意，故选A项。
38．根据前文“Remember that fibre fills us up on few calories.（记住，纤维能让我们在卡路里很少的情况下获得饱腹感。）”以及下文“High-fibre diets have been linked to a range of health benefits, including protecting against disease.（高纤维饮食与一系列健康益处有关，包括预防疾病。）”可猜测，划线处描写的是食用纤维的好处。F选项“It slows digestion，lowers cholesterol(胆固醇)and stabilizes blood sugars.”（它可以减缓消化，降低胆固醇，稳定血糖。）符合题意，故选F项。
39．根据前文“Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing to do that can bring us big benefits.（在用餐时间使用较小的盘子是一件容易的事情，可以给我们带来很大的好处。）”可知，本段是讲述在用餐时间使用较小的盘子的好处。G选项“This will help to control portion(食物的一份)sizes so that you can be a more mindful eater.”（这将有助于控制食物的份量，这样你就能成为一个更专注的食客。）符合题意，故选G项。

40．The 2019 study.
41．For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
42．Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
43．略

【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study found that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) who completed a few minutes of high-intensity interval (间隔) sessions in the afternoon improved their blood-sugar control after two weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a professor of nutrition and movement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“They found that the benefits of afternoon workouts far outweighed those of morning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study does suggest that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for people with disturbed metabolisms than the same exercise done earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为For some people, it is better to work out in the afternoon.
42．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his colleagues had a ready-made source of data in their own prior experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk for Type 2 diabetes to ride stationary bicycles at the lab three times a week for 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metabolic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues carried out the research by using the newly-collected data and making comparisons between two different subject groups.
According to the passage, Professor Schrauwen and his colleagues didn’t collect any new data to do the research. They made use of the ready-made source of data from their own prior experiment.
43．开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。

44．Dear Jenny,
I’m worried to learn that you are depressed because of the great pressure of recent study. Here are some tips for you to relieve it.
First of all, shift your focus. Paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous. You should think about the progress you’ve made and build your self-confidence. Secondly, take some exercise. A saying goes that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Do some sports, and you'll feel relaxed all over. Last but not least, sleep well. Getting a good night’s sleep, you’ll be recharged and start over easily.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国交换生Jenny电子邮件，提供缓解学习压力的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
沮丧：upset→depressed
有帮助的：beneficial→helpful
重新开始：restart = start over
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, shift your focus. Paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous.
拓展句：First of all, shift your focus because paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous.