2021年高考考前最后一课（包括考前预测、命题猜想、考前技巧、考后心理、终极押题）-英语（正式版）

这是一份2021年高考考前最后一课（包括考前预测、命题猜想、考前技巧、考后心理、终极押题）-英语（正式版），文件包含我们与法律同行pptx、我们与法律同行docx、习近平就职宪法宣誓mp4、央视普法公益广告mp4等4份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共0页， 欢迎下载使用。主要包含了考纲词汇必背，考纲句型必背，经典范文例句每日必背，考前技能篇1，考前技能篇2，考前技能篇3，考前技能篇4，考前技能篇5等内容，欢迎下载使用。


考前必背篇
【考纲词汇必背】...........................................................01
【考纲句型必背】...........................................................04
【经典范文例句每日必背】.................................................13
书面表达考前必背篇
【高考书面表达考前必背篇】..................................................16
考前技能篇
【考前技能篇1】 听力理解的解题技巧......................................59
【考前技能篇2】 阅读理解的解题技巧......................................61
【考前技能篇3】 完形填空的解题技巧......................................66
【考前技能篇4】 语法填空的解题技巧......................................72
【考前技能篇5】 七选五试题的解题技巧....................................76
【考前技能篇6】 短文改错的解题技巧......................................80
【考前技能篇7】 应用文写作的解题技巧....................................86
【考前技能篇8】 读后续写的解题技巧......................................91
【考前技能篇9】 概要写作的解题技巧.....................................108
考前注意篇
【考前注意篇1】高考冲刺需要有正常心态 .................................122
【考前注意篇2】高考最后几天，该做些什么?...............................125
考场技巧篇
【考场技巧篇1】做好技术准备，决胜高考考场 .............................129
【考场技巧篇2】“战略”上藐视，“战术”上重视..........................132

考后心理篇
【考后心理篇1】7种方法可以舒缓考生大考后心理压力........................138
【考后心理篇2】 高考结束适当娱乐 可以放松不可放纵.......................138
考前预测篇
【考前预测1】阅读理解...................................................140
【考前预测2】完形填空...................................................151
【考前预测3】七选五.....................................................172
【考前预测4】语法填空...................................................183
【考前预测5】应用文写作.................................................195
【考前预测6】读后续写...................................................204
【考前预测7】概要写作...................................................213
终极押题
2021年高考终极押题卷（新课标）..........................................220
2021年高考终极押题卷（新课标）答案与解析................................230
2021年高考终极押题卷（新高考）..........................................242
2021年高考终极押题卷（新高考）答案与解析................................253






考 前 必 背 篇
【考纲词汇必背】
高三备考的冲刺阶段是知识由厚到薄的阶段，是知识的提炼、浓缩、内化和升华阶段。就高三英语最后的备考冲刺阶段而言，考纲词汇就是一个基础知识的集成。认真研究考纲词汇并以此为突破口进行知识的总结、梳理是个捷径。高考中所有的基础知识都融入在考纲词汇里。考纲词汇是最后＂扫盲＂的抓手，是救命的稻草。我拿考纲词汇来拯救你——高三考生！
（一）考纲内较难拼写的单词（考前必背）
1.advantage 2.adventure 3.agriculture 4.although 5.announce-announcement 6.apologize 7.assistant 8.astonish 9.attempt 10.attention 11.Australian 12.autumn 13. average 14.baggage-luggage 15.biscuit 16.blanket 17.broadcast 18. bucket 19.butcher 20.Canadian 21.chemistry 22.chimney 23.communism-communist 24.companion 25. company 26.compare 27.congratulation 28.composition 29.conductor 30.construction 31.continent 32.convenient-convenience 33.cupboard 34.cushion 35.curious 36.dangerous 37.delicious 38.description 39.determination 40.diologue 41.diamond 42.dictation 43.dictionary 44.difference 45.difficulty 46.disappointment 47.discussion 48.education 49.electric-electricity 50.encouragement 51.engineer 52.entrance 53.especially 54. European 55.examination 56.excellent 57.expensive 58.experience 59.experiment 60.explanation 61.expression 62.extremely 63.familiar 64.favourite 65.February 66.fortunately 67.fountain 68.frighten 69.frequently 70.furniture 71.garage 72.generation 73.general 74.geography 75.government 76.gradually 77.graduate 78.grammar 79.handkerchief 80.handsome 81.headache 82.honest 83.honour 84.immediate 85.importance 86.impossible 87.information 88.institute 89.instruction 90.international 91.interrupt 92.introduce 93.invitation 94.jacket 95.January 96.journey 97.kindergarten 98.kilometer 99.kitchen 100.knowledge 101.language 102.league 103.lecture104.length 105.librarian 106.loaf 107.magazine 108.majority 109.marriage 110.mathematics 111.merchant 112.minister 113.monitor 114.mountainous 115.museum 116.nationality117.November 118.nowadays 119.object 120.official 121.operation 122.opposite 123.organiz(s)e 124.ordinary 125.otherwise 126.particular 127.passage 128.passenger 129.patient130.persuade 131.personal 132.picnic 133.pleasant 134.pleasure 135.pollution 136.population 137.possession 138.practical 139.precious 140.probably141.production 142.pronounce 143.pronunciation. 144.pump 145.purpose 146.quantity 147.realis(z)e 148.recognize149.restaurant 150.revolution 151.rubbish 152.sandwich 153.satisfaction 154.Saturday 155.scientific 156.secretary 157.sentence 158.September 159.shoulder 160.similar 161.situation 162.slightly 163.socialism-socialist 164.society 165.southern 166.splendid 167.standard 168.stomach 169.straight 170. strength 171.struggle 172.suddenly 173.technical-technique 174.temperature 175.terrible 176.thousand 177.tomato 178.tractor 179.translate 180.umbrella 181.understand 182.universe 183.university 184.usually 185.vacation 186.valuable 187.variety 188.vegetable 189.voyage 190.Wednesday 191.whisper 192.wonderful
（二）考纲内可以具体化的抽象名词
1.manner态度—manners 礼貌 2.interest兴趣—interests利益 3.good益处---goods 货物4.force力量—forces军队 5.beauty美丽---a beauty一个美人（美物）
6.difficulty困难—a difficulty难事 7.character性格—a Chinese character汉字 8.experience经验----an experience经历
9.exercise锻炼、运动—exercises体操、练习 10.failure失败—a failure 失败的人或事 11.friendship友谊—a friendship一段友情 12.pleasure乐趣—a pleasure一件乐事 13.spirit精神—in high spirits情绪高 14.surprise惊奇---a surprise一件奇事 15.success成功---a success 一个成功的人或事16.relation关系---a relation 亲戚 17.youth青春---a youth一个青年人 18.time时间---times时代、次数、倍数
（三）考纲内可以变成可数名词的物质名词
1.chalk粉笔---some coloured chalks 2.chicken鸡肉---chickens小鸡 3.glass玻璃—a glass一个玻璃杯 4. hair头发---several hairs 几根头发5.light光—lights灯
6.fish鱼肉---fishes几种鱼 7.fruit水果—fruits几种水果 8.food食物—foods几种食物 9.iron铁—an iron一个熨斗 10.sand沙子—sands沙滩 11.paper纸—papers报纸、考卷、论文
12.water水---waters海（江、河）水 13.wood木头—woods 树林 14.work-工作--works 工厂、著作、工艺品 15.silk丝—silks丝织品 16.cloth布---clothes 衣服 17.tea茶—teas几种茶 18.green绿色—greens青菜
（四）考纲内形容词和副词词义有区别的词
1.loud出声地---loudly吵闹地 2.close接近地—closely仔细 3.late迟---lately最近 4.wide广阔的---widely广泛地 5.sharp正，指时刻—sharply锐利地 6.hard努力地---hardly几乎不 7.free免费—freely自由地 8.high表空间---highly表程度 9.deep表深度---deeply表程度
（五）考纲内宾语不同，意义也不同的动词
考纲内有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有：
go on doing（继续干同一件事） go on to do（接着去干另一件事）
stop doing sth.（停止正在干的事） stop to do sth.（停下来去干某事）
regret doing（后悔干了某事） regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）
forget/remember doing（忘记／记得已做过的事）
forget/remember to do（忘记／记得要干的事）
mean doing（意味着干……） mean to do（想干……）
try doing（尝试做） try to do（设法做）
（六）考纲内可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同的动词
考纲内某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时 ，宾补要用不定式。
如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语）We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补）
（七）考纲内宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同的动词
有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式（要用被动形式），可接动名词（要用主动形式表被 动意义），可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。
如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
（八）考纲内只接不定式作宾语的动词和词组
只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one s mind, used, be about, be able, have等。
（九）考纲内只接动名词作宾语的词和词组
只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, feel like, look forward to, can t help, keep (on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等。
（十）考纲内的系动词
系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：
表感观的系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear（这些词用形容词作表语）
表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run
表依旧的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold
可带名词作表语的系动词：be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn（该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。
（十一）考纲内含＂被动＂意味的动词
有些动词，如sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, cut, lock, cost, read, write, tear, wear, pull, clean, add, cook, let（出租）等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连用时，要用主动形式表被动意义。
（十二）考纲内具有两种形式的易混动词
有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考测时极易弄混。
如：hang, hanged, hanged（绞死）
hang, hung, hung（挂起）
light, lit, lit（点燃，作谓语）
light, lighted, lighted（过去分词作形容词用时，意谓＂燃烧着的＂，作定语）
drink, drank, drunk/drunken（喝，饮；过去分词作形容词同时，意谓＂醉的＂，drunk多作表语，drunken多作定语）
sink, sank, sunk/sunken（下沉；过去分词sunken作形容词用时，作定语）
bear, bore, born（出生）
bear, bore, borne（结果；生育）
The woman, who was born in 1940,has borne five children.
lie（撒谎）, lied, lied, lying lie（躺，卧，位于）
lay, lain, lying
【考纲句型必背】
【1】doubt
1.There is no doubt that...
There is no doubt that he will pass the exam.
2.否定+doubt that...
I have no doubt that he will pass the exam.
3.doubt whether...
I doubt whether he will keep his word.
【2】 wonder
1.It is no wonder (that)=No wonder (that)...（难怪，一点都不奇怪）
No wonder that he has passed the examination.
2.wonder that
I wonder that you weren’t injured.
3.wonder wh....
I wonder what happened.
【3】need
1.There is (no) need to do sth.
There is no need for you to wait.
Is there any need to explain further?
Is there any need for further ?
2.need+doing
The TV needs mending again.= The TV needs to be mended again.
3.need+名+done
I need my paper typewritten.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
【4】use
It is (of) no use doing=It is no use to do=There is no use doing (做……也是徒劳的)
It is no use advising him.=It is no use to advise him.=There is no use advising him.
【5】sense
There is no sense in doing sth.
There is no sense in criticizing him.
【6】point
There is no point in doing sth.
There is not much point (in) arguing any further.
【7】spend
1.spend+n+on...
He spent all his savings on a new car.
2.spend+n+(in) doing sth
I spend my spare time going cycling.
【8】prefer
1.prefer+n/doing+(to+n)/doing...
I would prefer playing outdoors to watching television.
2.prefer+to do+rather than+(to)do...
I prefer to go the movies rather than (to) stay home.=I prefer going to the movies to staying home.
3.prefer+n +to do...
They preferred their son to go to college.
4.prefer that....
Would you prefer that I (should) go with you?=Would you prefer me to go with you?
5.prefer + n
He preferred charges against the owner of the noisy factory.
【9】have
1.have+n+do...
I had him arrange for a car.
2.have+n+doing
He had us laughing all through lunch.
3.have+n+done（让别人做某事）
I must have my hair cut.
I had our photo taken by a passer-by.=We had a passer-by take our photo.
4.have+n+done（表主语的某种经历）
She had her bag snatched away on her way home.
It’s easy to have your pocket picked in a crowd like this.
5.have sth to be done（主语不是动作的执行者，问话的人是执行者。）
Tom, do you have any clothes to be washed?
6.have sth to do（主语是未来动作的执行者）
I have some work to do.
7.have difficulty (in) doing sth
【10】make
1.make+n+do
She made her children wash their hands before eating.
2.make oneself heard/understood etc
I had to speak loud to make myself heard.
He has poor English pronunciation, so he can’t make himself understood.
3.make+n+adj[n]
His gift made her very happy.
Please make yourself comfortable.
Nobody could make him a better wife than she does.
4.make+n（有素质成为……，能成为……）
She will make a good teacher.
This piece of cloth will make a skirt.
【11】do
1.do as ...as one can/possible
We must do as much as we can to make our community better.
2.do what/everything/all I can to do sth
We will do everything/what we can to save our city.
3.do one’s best to do sth
All the other pupils do their best to help her get onto a bus without a ticket.
【12】take
1.take+名+副词 把……视为……； 认为；以为。
He took her smile for agreement.（他把她的微笑视为同意。）
You must take us as you find us.（你认为我们是什么样的人，就是什么样的人。）
2.take +it +that… 以为……
I take it that he knew the facts.（我以为他知道事实。）
3.It takes sb. some time to do something
It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.=It takes thirty minutes for us to walk from here to the station.
4.It takes sb. some money to buy something
It took him a lot of money to buy her a fur coat.= It took a lot of money for him to buy her a fur coat.
5.take…for… 把……当作……；视……为……
I took you for Mr. White.（我错把你看成了怀特先生。）
【13】way
1.The way to do sth./the way of doing sth.
There are a lot of ways to make friends. The best way of learning English is to go to a country where the language is spoken.
2.The way in which/that/+句子
We admired the way he solved the problem.=We admired the way in wich (that) he solved the problem.
3.On one’s way to…
I met Jane on my way home. He was on the way to the airport when his car broke down.
【14】expect
1.expect+n. We expect a hot summer this year.
2.expect+n.+adv I expect him home at nine.
3.expect+n+to do I expect him to come soon.
4.expect+to do He expected to be forgiven.
5.expect+that I expect that he will come soon.
【15】hope
1.hope+to do (1)We hope to visit this place again. (2) I had hoped to save more money.=I had hope that I would save more money. = I hoped to have saved more money.（我本来希望能够存更多的钱。）（用Had hoped to do 形式表示无法实现的愿望。此为虚拟语气。）
2.hope+that We are hoping that you will accept our offer.
3.hope+for She is hoping for her son’s early marriage.
【16】wish
1.wish+that (that通常省略；that从句内使用虚拟式过去时或过去完成时)(1) I wish I could fly. (2)I wish I were as rich as he. (3) He wished he had been at home when she came to see him.(4) I wish I had tried more things at college.
2.wish+to do I wish to go to Hawaii someday.
3.wish+n+to do What do you wish me to do?
4.wish+n+adj/adv I wish everything ready. I wish him out of difficulty.
5.wish+名（人）+名=wish+名+to名（人） We wish you good luck.= We wish good luck to you.
6.How I wish…若是……该多好（表示不符合事实或对不太可能实现的事情之强烈愿望。）
How I wish I could buy a house like that.
【17】want
1.want+to do I want to go to Europe. He wants to be a pilot.
2.want+n+to do I want you to go to the supermarket.
3.want+n+(to be) done/adj I want this work (to be) finished by tomorrow. I want everything ready before we start.
4.want+doing The wall wants painting.
【18】advise
1.advise+n./doing The doctor advised (talking)a week’s rest.
2.advise+n.+to do I advised him to stop smoking.[来源:学科网]
3.advise+that I advised him that he (should) stop smoking.
4.advise+n.(人)+on+n. Could you advise me on the problem?
【19】suggest[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
1.suggest+n./doing sth. May I suggest going there by train?
2.suggest+that…/wh- She suggested (that) we should have lunch at the new restaurant.=She suggested having lunch at the new restaurant.
3.suggest (暗示)+that Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job?
【20】demand
1.demand+n.+（from[of]）+n. He demanded an apology from the slanderer.
2.demand+to do They demanded to be told everything.
3.demand+that They demanded that the company (should) make compensation for the loss.
4.demand(需要)+n The work demands a great deal of care.
【21】agree
1.agree+with+n. I agree with you.= I agree with what you say.
2.agree +that I agree with you that he needs a rest. He agreed that he should have been more careful.
3.agree+to+n. I agreed to his proposal(plan).
4.agree+to do We all agreed to start at once.
5.agree+on+n. 决定…… We agreed on a plan.
【22】see
1.see+n. I looked over the street but saw nobody.
2.see+n.+do/doing (1) I saw him cross the street. (2) He was seen to go into the restaurant. (3) I saw a plane flying to the north.=A plane was seen flying to the north.
3.see+n+done There was a person who saw the man killed.
4.see+wh- I want to see how to cook it.
【23】watch
1.watch+n. I watch television every evening.
2.watch+n.+do/doing I watched her go (going) out of the room.
3.watch+wh- Watch what I do, and learn it.
【24】enjoy
1.enjoy+n. We enjoyed our trip to Europe.
2.enjoy+doing I enjoy going to the movie.
3.enjoy(享受)+doing I enjoyed good health until the traffic accident.
4.enjoy oneself.
【25】leave
1.leave+n+(for+n) The plane left Beijing for HongKong.
2.leave+n. They left us ten minutes ago.
3.leave+n(doing)+(to [with]) I’ll leave painting the wall to him.=I’ll leave it to him to paint the wall.
4.leave+n.+adj. Don’t leave the door open. Better leave it unsaid. She left her baby crying.
5.leave+n+adv. Always leave things where you can find them again.
【26】allow
1.allow+n./doing I’ll never allow such behavior. Smoking is not allowed here.
2.allow+n(sb)+to do My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.
3.allow(承认)+that I allow that he is an able man.
【27】admit
1.admit+n. He admitted his guilty.=He admitted (that) he was guilty.
2.admit+doing/that Will you admit having broken the window?=Will you admit (that) you have broken the window?
3.admit+n+to be+n. We all admit him to be foolish.= We all admit that he is foolish.
4.admit+n.+(to[into]) He has been admitted to(into) the university.
【28】consider
1.consider(考虑)+n./doing We considered his suggestion. He is considering studying abroad.
2.consider(考虑)+wh-. We considered how we should help them.
3.consider(认为)+n.+to be. I consider him (to be) my best friend.
4.consider(认为)+that I consider that the news was false.
【29】compare
1.compare+n.+with +n.(把……和……比较) I compared the translation with the original.
2.compare+n+to+n. (把……比作……) The poet compares his wife to a beautiful rose.
3.be compared to/with (与……比较起来) Compared with/to her mother, she is tall.
【30】imagine
1.imagine+n. Can you imagine life without electricity?
2.imagine+doing I didn’t imagine becoming a writer in my childhood.
3.imagine+n+doing I can’t imagine her marrying him.
4.imagine+that Can you imagine how much I was surprised to see it?
【31】insist
1.insist+on/upon +n. He insisted on his correctness.
2.insist+that He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence.
3.insist+that+(should)+… We insisted that he (should) come to the party.=We insisted on his coming to the party.
【32】keep
1.keep+n Keep your money in a safe place.
2.keep+n+for+n. Keep this for future use.
3.keep+n+adj/adv. /n.
(1) This coat will keep you warm.
(2) Her illness kept her in bed for a week.
(3)They kept their marriage a secret.
4.keep+doing He kept running after her, trying to catch her.
【33】pretend
1.pretend+n. He didn’t want to go to school, so he pretended illness.
2.pretend+to do He pretended to be dead when he met a bear.
3.pretend+that… He pretended that he was working hard.
【34】forbid
1.forbid+n/doing Who can forbid our marriage? Smoking is forbidden in this building.
2.forbid+n+doing/to do My father forbade me to watch television. = My father forbad my watching television.
3.forbid+n+n He didn’t like his daughter’s boyfriend, and forbade him the house.
(他不喜欢女儿的男朋友，不准他到家里来。)

【经典范文例句每日必背】
【1】Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.
【2】I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
【3】I think this picture tries to tell us that we should always look into the future with hope and confidence.
【4】I’m easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.
【5】I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.
【6】I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
【7】I’m fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing.
【8】Other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad.
【9】It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.
【10】If you would like to try, you’ll have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June.
【11】My uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.
【12】I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.
【13】You want to know what is going on in schools in China.
【14】I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
【15】I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to you something about my school.
【16】It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.
【17】60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.
【18】The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to our school.
【19】With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more important to have a good knowledge of English.
【20】It is the first time he and his wife have come to China, so they were very curious about China, the country with a long history.
【21】With a camera in hand, Mrs Smith took pictures of almost everything and she was too excited to stop for a while.
【22】It is a really good measure that our school has invited a foreign teacher, who is from England, to teach us English to improve our learning interest.
【23】I hope that our school should make an investigation as soon as possible and take effective measures to solve this problem.
【24】We should plant trees in our spare time, so that we can be in harmony withnature.
【25】If all of us make small changes, we could make a big difference.
【26】We must change the way we think and the way we live.
【27】Let’s be in harmony with environment, wipe out the bad habits and make our world more beautiful!
【28】I am writing this letter in response to your advertisement.
【29】Personally/In my opinion/As far as I am concerned, everyone could be the person he wants to be.
【30】Hungry and thirsty, the boy went back home.
【31】To catch the first bus, he got up early.
【32】Quietly, the children stayed there.
【33】Given enough time, I can do it well.
【34】When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.
【35】Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.
【36】The food was expensive but the service was good.
【37】I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow.
【38】She said that she and my schoolmates all wished me success, but it didn’t matter whether I would win or not.
【39】When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous that I shook like a leaf.
【40】Suddenly, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling and nodding at me.
【41】Whenever I see them I will think of my English teacher.
【42】Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters—in other words, I am the only child.
【43】My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education.
【44】They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get good marks in all my subjects.
【45】Students who want to take part in the College Entrance Examination have to go through a number of mental and physical tests, and some of them are turned away.
【46】Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. May you succeed! You can make it!















高考书面表达考前必背
Type 01邀请信

【篇首句】介绍自己，简要说明活动，并邀请对方。
1. I’m Wang Ming from YuWen School，the president of the Student Union.
我是来自育文学校的王明，学生会主席。
2. An English speaking contest of our school will be held on August 6.
我们学校有一场英语演讲比赛将在8月6号举行。学科&网
3. There will be a party in my garden on Sunday.
周日，在我的花园里会举行一场聚会。
4. I’d like to invite you to judge it.
我想邀请你做它的裁判。
5. I’m writing to invite you to...
我写信是邀请你……
6. I wonder if you can come to...
我想知道你是否能来……
7. We sincerely hope you can attend it.
我们真诚希望你能够参加。
8. It’s my pleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to...
我很荣幸的邀请你……
9. It’s a pity that you have to go back to America soon. So a farewell party for you will be held in the Sun Club this Saturday evening. Could you come at 6:00 pm?
很遗憾你不久就要回美国了。所以，这周六，在阳光俱乐部我们会为你举行一个欢送会。下午六点你能来吗？
【篇中句】介绍活动具体内容，并说明受邀人参加理由。
1. It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
2. We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
3. During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
下午，我们会一起……
4. Remember to take water and lunch with you.
记得带上水和午餐。
5. By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 in front of your apartment and it will take you directly to the club.
顺便说一下，你可以乘坐你家公寓前的322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
6. I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
我知道你的母语是英语，还是一个英语老师。我，代表我们学校，真诚的邀请你来比赛现场。
7. Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
8. I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
【篇尾句】期待对方接受邀请，并期待对方尽快回复。
1. Will you be available during that time? Please contact me at 1234567 at your earliest convenience.
那期间你有空吗？请方便时尽快给我打电话1234567。
2. Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?
请尽快告诉我你能否接受我的邀请好吗？
3. We will feel much honored if you could come.如果你能来，我们会非常荣幸。
4. We are looking forward to your coming.我们期待着你的到来。
5. I am longing to see you soon.我期待着尽早见到你。

模板①
Dear________,
________(开门见山地点、活动)，It would be pleasant to have you here(表达邀请愿望). Will you give me the pleasure of your company(正式发出邀请)？
During the party/conference, we will have a lots of activities you will be interested in (开始介绍活动内容). First, __________(介绍举行的活动一). Second, _________(介绍举行的活动二). I know/believe you be very interested in _________(引出受邀请人参加的理由). First/For one thing________(希望受邀人参加的理由一)，Second/For another__________(希望受邀人参加的理由二)。 The party/conference would not be complete without you(总结受邀人参加的必要性).
The party/conference will begin at ________(提出活动的地点). It is possible for us to meet at ________(提出具体约定时间). We do hope you can come ________(再次发出邀请).
Yours
Li Hua
模板②
Dear________,
There will be a________(内容) at/in________(地点) on________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.
The occasion will start at________________(具体时间). This will be followed by a________(进一步的安排). At ________________(时间), we will have ________________________(另一个安排).
I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_________________________(通知你的最后期限).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua

【写作注意事项】
a. 盛情邀请参加聚会、共度假期或游览某地等；
b. 建立密切联系，加强感情交流；
c. 拓展相关内容，激发他人兴趣。
【写作方法】
① 首段：开门见山说明写作目的。
② 主体：
a. 具体交代邀请原因；
b. 邀请内容：活动性质、时间、地点、日期；
c. 有关要求和希望。
③ 尾段：
a. 再次盛情邀请；
b. 希望尽快答复。
【写作流程图】
发出邀请

说明事由

说明活动的时间、地点、对象等

表达期待和感谢

假定你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：
1. 出发及返回时间；
2. 活动：包饺子、表演节目等。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 结语已为你写好。
Dear Lucy,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Lucy,
I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in our culture. We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back at around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点说明】
本文结构紧凑，层次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了which引导的定语从句和句式spend time doing。此外，还有if从句以及一些短语如invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings等。
【名师点睛】
本作文从实际生活出发，以英语的交际性和实用性为目标，兼顾尊老敬老和做志愿者的教育意义，体现了课程标准要求的以知识运用为教学目标的要求。在高三备考时，应该多从把语言作为交流的工具的角度去准备书面表达。

Type 02道歉信

1. 道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话
I am writing this letter to express my regret…
我写这封信是想表达我的遗憾……
I am writing to apologize for…
我写信是为……道歉。
I would like to give you my apology for…
我想……向你道歉。
I am very sorry to say that…
我很抱歉……
I must apologize about (not) doing sth…
对于做了/没做……，我必须道歉。
Please accept my sincere apology for…
请接受我对于^的真诚道歉。
I am writing to say sorry for…
我写信是想对……说抱歉。
I am terribly sorry, but…
我很抱歉，但是……
2.中间段：陈述理由+补救措施
陈述理由:
理由：I should have been able to attend your lecture, but due to the fact that something urgent happened, I'll have to take the place of my mother to pick my aunt up at the airport, whose flight happens to arrive on Saturday night. And it's the first time that my aunt has returned to my hometown since she studied abroad several years ago. So I have no choice/option but to cancel the appointment with you.
我本应该参加你的讲座，但由于发生了紧急的事情，我要代替母亲到机场接我阿姨，她的航班在周六晚抵达，这是阿姨自从几年前去留学第一次回国。我别无选择只好取消和你的约会。
补救措施：
1.I want you to know how bad we feel about it and to assure you that it will happen again.
我想让你知道我们有多难过，我向你保证这不会再发生了。
2.I hope that this does not cause you too much inconvenience.
我希望这不会给你带来太多的不便。
3.It would be very kind( considerate)of you to give me another chance to do sth. I promise it will never happen again.
你太好了，再给我一次机会做某事。我保证不会再发生这种事情。
4.If it is convenient for you, let's have another appointment to do sth.
如果方便的话，我们再约去做某事。
5.Would you mind if I change the appointment time?
你会介意我改变约会的时间吗?
6.By the way, can we have dinner together some time next week?
顺便说一下，我们在下周的某个时间一起吃晚饭好吗?
7.ls it possible that I make up for the loss by doing sth.?
可能让我做某事来弥补损失吗?
3.道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
我对于所造成的任何不便再次道歉。
Please allow me to say sorry again.
请允许我再一次说抱歉。
Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
希望你们能够接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
我真诚的希望你能够站在我的位置想一想，并且接受我的道歉。
I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.
我想让你知道我现在感觉多么的遗憾。
I am sorry that I can’t… but trust that you will be able to understand.
很抱歉我不能……，但我相信，你会理解的。

模板①
Dear ________(对象),
I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因).
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
模板②
Dear ________,
I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①______________ (直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret__________ (表达歉意). ③Please accept my sincere apology__________(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased at _________(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅).⑤I hope you will understand me and excuse me for__________(过渡句). ⑥Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因). ⑦The reason for my delay/absence was that _________(阐述自己当时的处境和情况). ⑧I had no way out because ___________ (总结自己道歉的原因). ⑨Therefore it’s not in my power to ___________(希望下次再次实现愿望). ⑩Naturally, I want to suggest ____________. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you____________(约定下次约会的时间和地点)
We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.
Sincerely Yours, Li Hua


道歉信的写法
日常生活中难免会出现一些差错，如失约、损坏东西等。遇到这种情形，应及时写信致歉，以消除不必要的误解，维系正常的关系。道歉信除应及时写之外，还必须写得诚恳，歉意应发自内心，决不可敷衍塞责。再则，事情的原委要解释清楚，措辞应当委婉。
写好道歉信的关键在于措辞要朴实、委婉，语气要诚恳、真挚，解释要详细明了。例如＂I’m excessively sorry＂、＂sincere apology＂、＂deep regret＂等都是致歉之词，这就恰如其分地表达了写信人的真诚歉意。
道歉信通常包括三部分内容：
1.表示歉意，道歉的原由；
2.出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施；
3.请求原谅。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实。
4.补充说明。客套话。
好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。

假如你是李华。你和外教Christina原定于本周六上午一起参加＂中国传统文化日＂活动。但因故你不能履约，请根据下面的写作提示，用英语给她发一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1.告诉她不能履约；
2.解释爽约的原因；
3.希望她谅解。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【必背范文】
Dear Christina,
I am Li Hua. I’m writing to apologize to you for not being able to participate in the ＂Chinese Traditional Culture Day＂ activity to be held on the Saturday morning with you as we planned last week.
To be honest, I wish I could join in the activity, but I am afraid I will not be available because I was informed yesterday that I would have to go to Beijing for a contest on the morning of Saturday. That is why I can’t go with you. I am awfully sorry for breaking my promise and I apologize for any inconvenience it brings to you. I hope you can understand me.
Wish you a good time there.
Yours,
Li Hua

Type 03求助信

首段：请求帮助
1.Now I am writing to ask you to give me a hand/do me a favor/lend me a hand.
现在我写信请你帮我一个忙。
2.Iam writing in the hope that you will be kind enough to do me a favor.
我希望你能帮我一个忙。
3.I wonder if you could do me a fvour, this is the first time that my uncle visits us.
我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，这是我叔叔第一次来访，所以我希望你能到机场接他。
4.Iwonder if you some Chinese knots for me. I made them myself with red silk threads, cloth and otherbmaterials.
我想知道你是否能帮我出售一些中国结，这是我自己用 红丝线、布等材料做的
5.Would you like to do me a favor to have my draft polished?
你愿意帮我润色草稿吗？
中间段：描述具体困难
1.1am encountering three problems which trouble me a lot. To begin with,… What’s more, … What troubles me most is …
我遇到的三个间题很困扰我，首先 ……另外……最困扰我的是……
2.Unfortunately,I find/feel it quite/extremely difficult/hard to do with(使用形式宾语)
不幸的是，我觉得做某事十分/非常难。
3.lt is difficult/challenging for me to do sth.
做某事是困难的/有挑战性的。
4.Thave trouble/difficulty/problems (in)doing sth.
我做某事有困难。
5.Domg sth.is another terrible headache for me.(使用动名词做主语）
做某事是另一件让我很头痛的事。
6.I find myself struggling with sth.(使用find复合结构）
我发现自己做某事有困难。
7.Faced with the above problems,I am anxious to get your help. Would you please offer me some advice on...?
面对上述问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。请你给我一些建议。
结尾段：希望得到帮助：
1.Iwonder if can help me with these difficulties. I really appreciate it if you could help me ?
我想知道你能不能帮我解决这些困难。如果你能帮助我，我真的很感激。
2.I would appreciate it very much if you can offer me some necessary/timely help(give/lend me some practical/valuable advice)
如果你能给我一些必要的帮助/及时的帮助（给我一些实用的/有价值的建议）。我会很感激。
常见困难： 
【生活方面】 
与人相处 
get along well with my classmates/ the new teacher / my parents.
和我的同学/新老师/父母相处
 把握时间 
arrange and make good use of my everyday time for valuable things. 
安排和利用每天的时间去做有意义的事情 
明确目标
 know the purpose of my life and the destination of my future in order to passionately live a purpose-driven life everyday. 
知道我生命的目的和未来的目标，以便每天充满激情地过着“目标驱动”的生活 
【学习方面】 
不懂语法
 have trouble in mastering the advanced grammar rules and put them into use in my speaking and writing.  
进步太慢 
find myself making progress not as fast as before, which has been annoying me for a long time. 
精力有限
 can’t be passionate and energetic all day long so as to make every moment meaningful and splendid. 


模板①
Dear ______ ,
I am writing to formally request to ______（请求的内容）.The reason for _____________is that_____________（给出原因）. I___________ , so I _____________（给出细节）.I would also like to request ___________（提出进一步的要求）. I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at __________（电话号码）.
I look forward to a favorable reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
模板②
Dear________,
My name is _______________(自我介绍). I’m writing a letter to you to ask for some help. I have met difficulty in _______________(求助内容). First, I find ___________(困难1). Besides, ________(困难2). What’s more, __________(困难3).
Faced with so much difficulty, I have to ask you for some help. Would you like to ____________(委婉提出请求)？In the meanwhile, I beg you to (请求内容) so that ___________(请求目的). Also, I would like you to (请求内容).
I’m sure that I can make great progress in _____________(表达期待).
Yours,
Li Hua

求助信是当个人遇到一些自己无法解决的问题或困难时向别人请求帮助的一种书信。
首段：表明写信目的，请求帮助；
中间段：要清晰陈述请求帮助的具体内容；
结尾段：希望得到帮助。
注意：语气委婉、真诚，并要向收信人表示感谢。

假如你是李华。最近，你与父母之间关系紧张， 甚至发生争吵。你决定给外国的笔友Charlie写一封信，向他求助。内容包括：
1.谈谈你目前遇到的问题；
2.针对如何改善与父母的关系向他求助。
注意：
1.词数100左右， 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Charlie,
How are you getting along?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Charlie,
How are you getting along? Recently I have quarreled with my parents, which makes me very annoyed. I am writing to ask you for help.
You know, my parents don’t allow me to go out and play with my friends at weekends. They think I should make full use of every minute to work on my lessons. However, I think I need to play with my friends so that I can relax myself after a week’s hard work at school and it is a good way for me to keep in touch with my friends. I know it is wrong to quarrel with them, but I don’t know what to do to persuade them to change their mind and develop a good relationship with them. Would you please offer me some advice?
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

Type 04建议信

第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
1. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in your new school. Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.
很遗憾听说你在适应新学校方面有困难。这样的问题是很正常的。可能下面的建议会有一些帮助。
2. I have received your letter saying you plan to play a visit to China for ten days next month. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful to you.
我已经收到了你的来信。信上说你打算下个月来参观中国十天。可能下面的建议对你是有帮助的。
3. I'm writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of our hotel so as to attract more clients（顾客）.
我给你写信是想说明一下我对于进一步改善我们旅馆的一些想法，以吸引更多顾客。
4. You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some suggestions here.
你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些建议。
5. I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life. Here are a few suggestions.
很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。下面是我的一些建议。
6. I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
很高兴收到你的电子邮件。现在，关于如何在高中学好英语，我写信给你一些建议。
第二部分：介绍详情、说明原因
套语：
(1) 它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。
It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
(2) 我们将会在上午八点出发，九点到达那里。
We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
(3) 下午，我们会一起……
During the afternoon, we’ll...together.
(4) 记得带上水和午餐。
Remember to take water and lunch with you.
(5) 顺便说一下，你可以乘坐322路公交车，它会直接把你带到俱乐部。
By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 and it will take you directly to the club.
(6) 我知道你的母语是英语，还是一名英语老师。我代表我们学校真诚地邀请你来比赛现场。
I know you are a native speaker of English and an English teacher, and I, on behalf of our school, sincerely invite you to be part of the contest.
(7) 既然你如此渴望提高英语，这会是一个很好的机会。
Since you are so eager to improve your English, it will prove to be a great chance.
(8) 我保证你在那里会过得很愉快。
I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
第三部分：提出建议
套语：
我建议……
I’d like to suggest that…
May I suggest that…?
In my opinion…
I would like to make a recommendation that…
I am writing to advise…
If I were you, I would…
第四部分：希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复
套语：
1. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：有志者事竟成。
2. I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. Remember: The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”(一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”).
我希望这些建议会对你有用。记住：一个决心要成功的人从来不说“不可能”。
3. Best wishes!
（给你）最美好的祝愿！
4. I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway. I would be more than happy to see improvement.
无论如何，我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
5. I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work！
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你学习/工作好运。
6. I sincerely hope my advice will be some help for you. If there is more I can do to help, please let me know.
我真诚的希望我的建议对你有一些帮助。如果有更多我可以帮忙的，请告诉我。

模板①
Dear________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建议的内容).
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Good luck with your________________(祝愿).
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板②
Dear_______,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to _________________(引出对方需要建议的主题).
Here are a few suggestion(引出作者的建议). First , It is important to ______________. Then, it also helps to ___________. Besides, it should be a good idea to __________. You can also ___________.
(可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议，如下)
As to __________, I suggest _____________(需要具体到某一方面). In addition, _________(其他的建议). I’m sure ______________(预测可能的结果， 给对方以行为的信心和决心).
I hope ____________(表达愿望)。
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua

1. 建议信写作注意事项
建议信的写作目的是提出建议或忠告，不是投诉信。观点要合情合理，注意礼貌当先。
2. 写作方法
① 首段：
a. 简介自己，不要罗嗦；
b. 说明目的，注意语气。
② 主体：
a. 提出具体建议；
b. 首先肯定优点，再写改进内容，否则会变成投诉信；
c. 经常进行交流，注意对方感受，时时提到你和我，否则容易跑题写成议论文。
③尾段：总结建议，注意礼貌，使对方易于接受。
3. 写作流程图
说明写信目的

介绍详情、说明原因

提出建议

提出希望采纳建议，并表示谢意，盼望回复


假定你是李华，你校在学生中征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设iPad课堂(iPad classrooms)。你支持开设iPad课堂；请给校长写一封建议信，要点如下：
1.资源丰富；
2.促进交流；
3.利于环保；
4.其他理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语已为你写好。
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms.__________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【范文】
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms. I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons. To begin with, everyone learns differently. Students can customize their iPad with materials that fit their level and learning style, and thus tailor it to different needs. Moreover, when connected to the Internet, students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently. For the sake of environmental protection, opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper. Most importantly, I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending an iPad class.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Type 05申请信

第一部分：说明写信的目的
套语：
(1) 兹申请刊登在……上的……工作。
I am writing to apply for the post of … advertised in …
(2) 见……上刊登的贵公司广告，我谨申请应聘贵公司的……职务。
In reply to your advertisement in …, I beg to apply for the post of … in your company.
(3) 看到贵公司在报上招聘……的广告，我马上感到这正是我这段时间所要寻找的工作，并且我能胜任。
Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for …I felt it was just the kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been looking for some time.
(4) 我想申请入贵校学习。
I would like to apply for admission to your college.
(5) 我想在贵校……系继续深造。
I would like to further my studies in …Department of your university.
第二部分：介绍详情
套语：
(1) 我的专业是……，我了解贵校在上述领域有极好的项目。
My major is…, and I understand your university has a good program in this field.
(2) ……年，我出生于……，毕业于……大学……专业。毕业后一直在……工作，因此积累了该领域丰富的经验。
Born in …in…, I graduated from…University majoring in …I have been working in …since my graduation, and I have therefore attained rich experience in this field.
(3) 毕业后，我先担任……，随后担任……，现任职于……
Upon graduation, I first worked as … The following job was …and currently I am working for/in …
(4) 我现在就读于北京第二外国语学院英语专业，即将毕业。
I am now studying at Beijing Second Foreign Language Institute and will soon be graduated as an English major.
第三部分：说明申请该职位或学校的原因
套语：
(1) 贵公司目前做的这种工作特别使我感兴趣。
The kind of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.
(2) 我认为我具备了报上刊登的贵公司……一职所要求的必要条件和经验。
I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experience needed for the position of …advertised in the newspaper.
(3) 受我所学课程的影响，我对饭店、酒店管理产生了浓厚的兴趣。
Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I have developed a special interest in Restaurant and Hotel Management.
第四部分：恳请招聘单位或所申请的学校考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复
套语：
(1) 如能尽快回复，我将不胜感激。
Your early response will be much appreciated.
(2) 希望贵校能给我寄来空白申请表。
I hope you will kindly send me an application form.
(3) 如能收到所需的申请表和有关入学的指南我将十分感激。
I would greatly appreciate receiving copies of the required application forms and any instructions you may be so kind as to give me regarding my possible admission.
(4) 希望同意面试，届时我可以更详细地说明我的技能。
I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualifications more fully.
(5) 我将乐意在您方便时接受面试，届时我将进一步介绍自己。
I should be pleased to attend for an interview at your convenience, when I could give you further details concerning myself.


模板①
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in________________________(报纸/网站名称) of________________________(广告发布时间).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a ______________ (工作名称). On one hand, _____________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, ______________________(另一个原因).
Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at________________________(电话号码).
Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板②
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m _________(简单自我介绍). When I was reading the advertisement, _________(表达看到相关广告后的感受). I think it’s a good opportunity for me to _____________(应聘的原因). Therefore I recommend myself to without hesitation.
I ___________(陈述本人的性格优势). For one thing, I can ___________(陈述本人特长一). For another thing, I can ___________(陈述本人特长二).
Please contact me at ___________(你的联系方式一：电话号码). Or e-mail me at ___________(你的联系方式二：电子邮箱地址).
I am looking forward to your early reply .
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板③
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m _________(简单自我介绍).I’m writing to apply for the position_____________(说明写信的目的)。
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because ______________________________(说明为什么想得到这次宝贵的机会).
___________. Besides, __________________.(分层次说明自己的优势)
I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
Looking forward to your early reply .
Yours
Li Hua

1. 申请信写作方法
① 首段：
a. 自我介绍；
b. 申请原因；
c. 说明写信目的。
② 主体：
a. 详述有关背景资料：资历、教育经历、工作经历、兴趣爱好；
b. 询问有关学校、课程等具体内容。
③ 尾段：
a. 强调上述材料的重要性；
b. 希望尽快得到答复；
c. 要求手册及申请表；
d. 表示感谢。
2. 写作流程图
说明写信目的

介绍自我(包括：学历、工作简历、在学校或工作单位的表现)

说明申请该职位或学校的原因

恳请招聘单位或所申请的学校考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复


假设你是李华，从互联网上看到一个国际中学生家教组织将面向中国招聘兼职中文家教(tutor) 的广告，欢迎中国学生参加。 请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括：
1.自我介绍（包括中英文能力）；
2.参加意图（帮助别人学习中文和推介中国文化）；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总次数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua, a senior middle school student from China. I happened to read the advertisement that you have posted on the Internet, employing Chinese students as part-time tutor of the Chinese language. I am interested in it. I know that you welcome students from China and I’d like to get this job.
For me, Chinese is my native tongue and I’m excellent at it. Besides, I’ve been learning English for 9 years with a good command of spoken and written English. I’m willing to help foreigners learn Chinese well and introduce Chinese culture to the world as well.
I hope I will be accepted as a member of yours.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Type 06 感谢信

首段：表达真挚谢意
1. Thank you so much for your generous help.
非常感谢您慷慨的帮助。
2.1 am sincerely grateful to you for your timely help.
我真诚地感谢你及时的帮助。
3.1t was so kind of you to treat me as your own sister.
谢谢你把我当作自己的妹妹。
4.1 am so grateful to you for what you have done for me.
我很感谢你为我所做的一切。
5.1 would like to convey my thanks to you for your kind help.
我想感谢你的帮助。
6. I’m writing to thank you for the few wonderful days in London.
我写信感谢你帮我在伦敦度过的快乐日子。
7.1 am writing to express/show/convey my sincere thanks to you for your help.
我写信真诚地感谢你的帮助。
8. For this reason, I am writing this letter to express my sincere thanks to you.
为此，我写这封信是为了表达我对你真诚的感谢。
中间段：解释感谢的原因或对方的帮助给自己带来的好处
1.Thanks to your help, I have made rapid progress in my English.
多亏了你的帮助，我的英语有了飞速的进步。
2. Without/But for your help(lf it were not for your help) ,I would not have made so much progress in my English.
要是没有你的帮助，我的英语不会取得如此大的进步。
3.1 extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor.
我太感谢你的帮助了。
结尾段：再次感谢
1.Thanks again for helping me.
再次感谢你对我的帮助。
2.Thank you again for your generous help.
再次感谢你的慷慨帮助。
3. 1 would appreciate it if you could accept my sincere thanks.
如果你能接受我诚挚的感谢，我将不胜感激。
4. Your kindness and help will always be remembered.
我将永远铭记你的善意和帮助。
5.1 deeply/greatly appreciate your hospitality（款待）．
我深深感谢你们的盛情款待。

模板①
Dear ________(对象),
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for________________________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________________________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been________________________________(没有对方帮助会产生的后果).
Everyone agrees that it was you who ________________________________(给出细节). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
模板②
Dear ______,
How about your life/ study/ work? I’m writing to express my thanks for your _____(感谢的原因). If it had not been your assistance in _____(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been_____ (没有对方帮助时的后果).
During the ______, you gave me generous help and continuous guidance by _____. First, you _____.What’s more, you ______. There is still one thing that I can’t forget. That is _______. (原因)
Thanks a lot for your kindness again. (再次致谢)
Give my best regards to ______. (祝愿)
Yours sincerely
_______

感谢信是用于致谢他人的馈赠、款待、帮助、以及对慰问信和祝贺信的回复。信件不适宜过长，只需写明感谢他人的理由，信文要感情真挚，措辞得体。
感谢信一般分为三个部分：
第一段：表达感谢之情并说明原因；
第二段：细述并赞赏对方给与的帮助；
第三段：再次阐述谢意并表达回报愿望。
感谢信的写作指导
1.有序组织要点
首先，应当友善地对对方的生活表示关心；其次，应明确陈述写信的目的,即致谢；然后，应肯定对方的帮助恰当好处；最后，应对对方给予的帮助再次表示感谢并表示良好的祝愿。
2.灵活把握时态
感谢信的正文中的时态灵活多变。通常，在提到对方曾经所给予的帮助时，应用过去时态；在提到对方的帮助所产生的实际效果时，可以使用现在完成时态；在涉及到现状时，应用一般现在时；在表达祝愿或希望时，使用一般将来时态。
3.运用规范的语言
感谢信有其自身的特色语言，在行文的每一个环节也有一些常用句型。另外表示从对方的帮助中获益时，可以从多种句型表达，要让句式灵活多样，这样更能增强表达效果。
4.表达感激之情
感谢信的主要目的在于向对方致谢，因此语言要诚挚，友善；在信的开头和结尾部分一般会使用Thank you very much for your kindness and deep concern或 Thanks again and wish you all the best之类的语言表达感激之情。



假如你是李华， 上周在英国参加了“中国学生文化交流周”活动，并住在 Kelly 家里。请你给在英国期间认识的新朋友 Kelly 写封感谢信，内容包括：
1.交流活动中的收获；
2.难忘在 Kelly 家的美好日子；
3.感谢她送你的英文词典。
注意：
1.词数 100 左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：文化交流周：Cultural Exchange Week
Dear Kelly,
I’ve been back home safely from England.____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

【范文】
Dear Kelly,
I’ve been back home safely from England. Thank you for the warm help during my stay in England.Last week, I participated in the Cultural Exchange Week for Chinese students. I enjoyed myself in your country. We visited the city museum and some places of interest, which made me have a better understanding of the English society, culture and history. Of course, I also made many new friends.
What’s more, I was lucky enough to stay at your home. And I’ll never forget the days we spent together. Here I especially thank you for the dictionary you offered me as a gift. It’s a great help for me to learn English well. I will treasure and make full use of it.
Welcome to China when it’s convenient for you!
Yours sincerely
Li Hua

Type 07 发言稿

【经典句型一】最常用的演讲开场句型
1.I am honored to... 我很荣幸……
【短评】这是演讲的第一大王牌句型，几乎每一场演讲都要以这个句型作为开场白。有人提出，这个句型已经到了陈词滥调（cliche）的地步。但是，谦虚永远是一种美德，这个句型之所以能被古今中外无数演讲大师所采用，当然有其吸引人的地方。
2.I am honored to have a chance to speak to you today.
我今天很荣幸跟大家讲几句。
3.I am honored to be here on such a special occasion.
我很荣幸在这个特别的时刻来到这里。
4.I am honored to introduce the founder of Crazy English，Mr.Li Yang.
我很荣幸地为大家介绍疯狂英语创始人—李阳先生。
这个句型也可以说成＂It’s my (great) honor to...＂
【经典句型二】最具感情色彩的演讲句型
1.Words can’t express... 言语表达不了……
2.Words can’t express how lucky I am.
简直不能用言语来表达我有多幸运。
3.Words can’t express how thankful I am.
言语表达不了我的感激之情。
【经典句型三】最平实的演讲过度句型
1.Today I want to talk to you about... 今天我想跟你们谈谈……
（演讲都有个主题，如何在演讲中介绍自己的主题呢？这个句型是最常用的。）
2.Today I want to talk to you about a very important subject.
今天我将和你们谈一个非常重要的话题。
3.Today I want to talk to you about the future of business in China.
今天我将和你们谈一谈中国的商业前景问题。
【经典句型四】最具表达力的演讲句型
1.I sincerely hope... 我衷心希望……
2.I sincerely hope that you will take a minute to think about the future.
我们真心希望你能花一点时间考虑一下未来。
3.I sincerely hope that you will have a wonderful time tonight.
我们衷心希望你们今晚过得开心。
【经典句型五】最具领导风格的演讲句型
1.I ask all of you present to... 我要求在座各位……
2.I ask all of you present to join me in raising your glasses to our everlasting friendship.
我要求在座的各位与我一起举杯，为我们的友谊长青干杯。
3.I ask all of you present to join hands in the battle against corruption.
我要求在座各位携起手来反腐败。
【经典句型六】最具感染力的演讲句型
1.I know I speak for... 我知道我在为……说话。
2.I know I speak for the president and all the employees.
我知道我是代表着经理和所有的员工在说话。
3.I know I speak for several people in this room when I say that we are thankful for the improvements in the company.
当我说我们为公司状况改善感到欣慰时，我知道这是代表你们当中几个人所说的。

【经典句型七】最具煽动性的演讲句型
1.I want to remind... 我想提醒……
2.I want to remind you that it’s never too late to learn.
3.我想提醒你们，无论何时开始学习都不迟。
4.I want to remind you all that we share the responsibility.
我想提醒大家，我们都得承担责任。
【经典句型八】最常用的演讲结束句型
1.I wish you the best of luck in... 我祝你……好运
（这个句型不但演讲中常用，很多场合也能用得上，比如信函的结尾等。）
2.I wish you the best of luck in your new business venture.
祝你们新公司生意兴隆。
3.I wish you the best of luck in everything you do.
祝你们一切顺利。
【经典句型九】最具修辞色彩的演讲句型
1.Ask not what...can do for you, ask what you can do for...    
不要问……能为你做什么，问问你能为……做什么
【短评】肯尼迪总统的那句＂Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.＂成了千古绝唱，为世人广为传颂。我们可以将他这个句子中的鱼骨抽出来，造出不少同样铿锵有力，同样震撼人心的句子。
2.Ask not what China can do for you, ask what you can do for China.
不要问中国能为你做什么，问问你能为中国做什么。
3.Ask not what society can do for you, ask what you can do for society.
不要问社会能为你做什么，问问你能为社会做什么。
4.Ask not what others can do for you, ask what you can do for others.
不要问别人能为你做什么，问问你能为别人做什么。
【经典句型十】最具震撼力的演讲句型
1.... means a great deal to... 对……意义重大。
2.This project means a great deal to our company.
这项目对我们公司来说意义重大。
3.Our company’s success means a great deal to China.
我们公司的成功对中国来说意义重大。


模板①
Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,
It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._________（表示荣幸）My name is __________.（自我介绍）The topic of my speech is ___________.（提出演讲主题）
To begin with, many people suggest that  ___________.（话题或现象列举）Secondly,  ___________. Thirdly,  ___________ .
What I want to stress is that  ___________.（重申主题）For one thing, . For another, . Besides,  ___________.（原因或重要性列举）In a word,  ___________.（总结）
模板②
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,
It’s nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic of my speech is ___________________./Today I will talk about ________________. /It’s nice to talk /speak about…(演讲的主题) First of all, ___________________. Besides, ________________. Secondly, _________________________. What’s more, __________________(具体内容)
As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _____________. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that ____________. Thanks for your attention/listening.(总结演讲)

发言稿是生活中一种常见的应用文体，是参加会议的人为了在会议上表达自己的意见、看法，进行思想汇报或工作情况汇报而事先准备好的文稿。英文开幕词、闭幕词、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词和演讲稿是正式社交场合最常见的发言稿。
【演讲稿写作要点】
1. 为你的演讲选择一个主题，以听众为中心的方式选择你的演讲主题。
2. 设定明确的主旨句、中心思想和主要要点，以听众为中心的方式设定这些内容，称谓要得体。
3. 演讲稿要根据不同听众的来源，搜集听众信息，体现出听众的爱好，这样才可以很好地迎合他们的需要，更能确保听众会有正面的积极的反馈。
4. 为你的演讲找论据。论据材料必须中肯、多样、详尽、恰当。
【演讲稿的基本结构】
首段
简短介绍
1. 欢迎听众 (welcome your audience)
2. 介绍主题 / 自我介绍 (brief introduction of your subject)
* Today I am going to talk about …
* The purpose of my presentation is to introduce…
3. 说明演讲结构 (explain the structure of your speech)
* I’ll mainly talk about three points…
* During my talk, I’ll be looking at three areas. First,… Second,…Third,…
* I’ve divided my presentation into four parts. They are…
主体
演讲的
正文
陈述主题(present the subject itself)
* So, to start with, I’d like to talk about the …
* The first problem today is that …
* Let’s go to the first topic…
结束



概括总结
1. 总结演讲(summarize your speech)
* To conclude/ In conclusion/ Now, to sum up,…
* So let me summarize what I’ve said.
* Finally, I’d like to repeat the points I made at the beginning.
* In conclusion, my recommendations are…
* I therefore suggest / propose / recommend the following strategy.
2. 致谢听众 (thank your audience)
* Many thanks for your attention.
* Thank you all for being such an attentive audience.
【演讲稿写作步骤】
第一步：对听众的称呼语
最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(评委)等等。
第二步：提出论题
由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。
第三步：论证
对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。
第四步：结论
结论要简明扼要，以给听众留下深刻印象。
第五步：结尾
结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似＂准备不足，请谅解＂，＂请批评指正＂这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention.

假如你校要举办一次英语演讲比赛，题目是＂我的梦想＂。你打算参加比赛，要求写一篇演讲稿，演讲稿包括以下内容：
1.不同的人的梦想：成为科学家、宇航员、富有的人；
2.我的梦想：成为一个自食其力，有责任感的人；一个乐于助人，懂得感恩的人，一个对社会和人民有用的人。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Good afternoon, everyone
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
【范文】
Good afternoon, everyone! Today I’m going to share with you my dream.,
As we all know，people like to use the word ＂dream＂ to express the strong desires they have for their future. Some young people dream of becoming scientists while others wish to become astronauts like Yang Liwei. Of course, there are many that would love to be rich.
In my opinion, no matter what we end up being in the future, what matters most is that we are responsible for our society and its citizens. I want to be a man who is self-dependent and has a full sense of responsibility, a man who is helpful to those in trouble. Furthermore, I will strive to be someone who is always thankful to those who love and are loved.
Thank you for listening.

Type 08 议论类

一.开头句型 
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言 比如说：就我而言 As far as I concerned 
2 It can be said with certainty that... +从句 可以肯定地说……
3.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 可以用来引用名言名句
4 .It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，……
5 .It’s generally recognized that... 它普遍认为……
6 .It’s likely that ... 这可能是因为……
7 .It’s hard that... 这是很难的……
8 There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认 ……
9 .Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是……
10 .what’s far more important is that... 更重要的是……
二.衔接句型 
1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是……
3 But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，+句子 （ 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……）
4 .But it’s a pity that... 但遗憾的是… it’s a pity that….遗憾的是……
5 In spite of the fact that...尽管事实…… In spite of 尽管
6 .Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，……
7 .However , the difficulty lies in..+名词或者动名词 .然而，困难在于……
8.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意……
9 As it has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的……（可以用来对前面所说的话进行补充说明）
10.In this respect, 从这个角度上 
11.However, 然而
三.结尾句型 
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说……
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信……
3.All things considered,总而言之 = In a word=In conclusion
It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说……
4.Therefore, in my opinion,因此，在我看来， 
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论……
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，……
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论 
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来，如果……也许更好 
四.举例句型 
1. Here is one more example这里有不止一个的例子
2.Take … for example.就拿……为例子
五.常用于引言段的句型 
1. Some people think that … 有些人认为……
To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。 
2. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为……
3. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意……这一观点的说法……
4. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多……
5 It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为……
6. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。 
六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 
1. A is completely different from B. (A和B完全不同)
2 The difference between A and B is lies in +名词或者动名词 （ A和B不同的地方是……） .
七 演绎法常用的句型 
1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。 
2. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。 （ 可以用在保护环境等话题的作文）
4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。
5. The reasons are as follows. ……的理由如下 （可以用来列举理由原因）
八 因果推理法常用句型 
1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 
2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。
3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。 
4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

　模板01
Topic
①Recently we’ve had a discussion about _______.②Our opinions are divided on this topic. ③Most of the students are in favour of it .④Here are the reasons. First, _______. Second, _______. Finally. ⑤However, the others are strongly against it.⑥Their reasons are as follows. In the first place, _________. What’s more, ___________. In addition, _________. ⑦Personally speaking, ______________________.
模板02
谚语/警句型议论文模板
The good old proverb reminds us that . Indeed, we can learn many things from it.________________（引出名言，阐明含义）
First of all, ________________ . For example, ________________. Secondly, ________________. Another case is that ________________. Furthermore, ________________.（举例说明理由）
In my opinion, ________________.（自己的观点）In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying . If you understand it and apply it to your study or life, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. ________________（总结）
模板03
正反观点对比型议论文模板
　　There is a widespread concern over the issue that ________________. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. ________________（引出话题）
　　A majority of people think that _____________.（观点一）In their view there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: In the first place, ________________.（支持观点一的原因一）In the second place, ________________.（支持观点一的原因一）So it goes without saying that ________________.
　　The other people, however, differ in their opinion on this matter. They hold the idea that ________________.（观点二）In their point of view, on the one hand, ________________ ; on the other hand, ________________.（支持观点二的原因）Therefore, there is no doubt that________________ .
　　As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that ________________. It is not only because ________________, but also because . The more , the more________________ .（＂我＂的观点）
模板04
利弊对比型议论文模板
　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over ________________.（引出话题或对象）
　　In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in . Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ________________.（优点一）And secondly, ________________ .（优点二）
　　Just as a popular saying goes, ＂Every coin has two sides.＂ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ________________.（缺点一）In addition, ________________ .（缺点二）
　　To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of ________________.（总结）


正反观点类文体属于议论文，要注意论点和论据之间的逻辑性以及不同论据之间的层次性。通常情况下，时态使用一般现在时。文章结构一般分为四部分：
第一部分，开门见山，说明辩论的主题(what)、参与者(who)等；
第二部分，列举正方观点及其理由；
第三部分，列举反方观点及其理由；
第四部分，得出结论或给出自己的观点。



最近，在你们班英语课上，老师组织了一次主题为＂Does beauty really make much sense?＂的讨论。请根据下面同学们的讨论结果用英语写一篇100词左右的短文并谈谈自己的观点。
1.一些学生的观点：一副好面孔就是一张通行证，在社交、求职、竞争中起着重要作用；
2.另一些学生的观点：漂亮不等于能胜任工作，只有内在的美才是真正的美；
3.你的观点：……
参考词汇：通行证pass  社交social communication  内在美spiritual beauty
注意：
短文的题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Does beauty really make much sense?
Last week in our English class, we had a very heated discussion on the topic—does beauty really make much sense?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Does beauty really make much sense?
Last week in our English class, we had a very heated discussion on the topic—does beauty really make much sense? Some students think that a good face is a pass. Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication, social competition, job hunting and so on. Not only can it make you become more confident but also it makes you impressive in the job interview.
Other students hold different opinions. Good appearance doesn’t make any difference. Spiritual beauty is more important. A beautiful person is not necessarily one with good looking, but one with a kind heart and great talent.
As far as I am concerned, both physical beauty and spiritual beauty are very important. What I want to say is that we should never ignore our spiritual beauty training while simply pursuing good appearance.













考 前 技 能 篇
【考前技能篇1】
听力理解的解题技巧
一、学会预测
预测是在做听力理解之前根据各种暗示，如所给答案选项，段落或对话标题等已有知识，对即将听到的段落或对话内容进行预测。
1. 从答案选项中预测
Q: What does Tom do?
A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot.
录音原文： W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 从选项看，问题应是关于职业方面的，再从flew, passengers, airport这些信息词中可知道Tom的职业。
2. 从说话人口气预测
在A,B两人的对话中，如果B是附和或赞成，往往说“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如A用否定句，B表同意时则用“No”，“Neither / Nor?”等。
例如： A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、做简要笔记
听录音时快速，准确，简要地记下有关信息(包括数字，人名，地名，关键词)，前提是不要影响跟听速度，采用自己习惯的符号。
例：How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A.$18 B. $24 C. $30
原文：W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 笔记可简化为：$ 6 A(A代表adult)，C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)
三、听清数据，简要记录，加以运算
在获取时间信息时，不要误把会话中提到的时间简单确定为问题的答案。高考听力考查时间时往往要进行简单的时间换算。
At what time does the train to Leeds leave?
A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00
录音原文： W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 对话中提到了三个时间It's 3 now, in 2 hours，in 15 minutes.
现在是3点，开往Manchester的火车要两小时后才开，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若简单机械地把3点和2点相加，会得出火车5点才开的错误选项C。
数字类问题分辨别类和计算类两种：
1. 要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音;辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等
2. 计算时间，钱款，距离，年龄，人或物的数量等;听出数字间的关系，更要听清问题，因为对运算方法的要求通常寓于问题中;注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 记住时间是60进制 如出现几个数字，应注意鉴别问的是那一个。
例：At what time does the office open?
A. At 8:15 B. At 8:30 C. At 7:45
从常识判断，办公时间往往以整点开始，而不会在几点几分。
听力原文：M: I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
四、抓住关键词，对症下药
听力考试常出现以Where提问的问句，考生要通过对话的具体情节和背景判断对话发生的地点。一般来说，特定 场景的用语和关键词是基本固定的，考生要对此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work? What’s his job?之类的问题时，就会派上用场。
如： restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out) hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel airport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car store: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change，bargain, fit school: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playground library: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat 对于前五道简短对话，要根据问题的类型，从第二个讲话者的答语中来捕捉关键词
如：What’s the man going to do?
A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.
根据选项看，对话似乎与bus有关，主要信息捕捉范围是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之间。听音范围明显缩小。
原文M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leaves for the airport? W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it. 关键词“run”和“catch”正好对上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。
五、较长对话和短文的理解
抓听首句和首段有助于整体理解文章;结尾部分所给出的信息不一定是题目的正确答案，可能只是一个陷阱;推理思路要正确;语境中抓要点。
独白部分(即第十段材料)可分为四种类型：（1）人物与故事型：叙述人物的经历和成就，要抓住故事发展线索，所问问题多属事实细节题。（2）普通知识型：内容涉及面较广，问题以事实细节题居多。（3）社会科学型：涉及到文化教育，社会治安，代沟问题，就业问题，妇女问题，人口问题，环境保护，国家发展等。问题常涉及独白的主题或题目，故需作推理判断。（4）科普知识型：主要涉及自然科学，如生物，物理，海洋，计算机，医学，气象，科学发明等。如遇专业词汇和术语，可利用语境线索猜词义。
六、果断选题，学会放弃
相信第一感觉，当机立断，决不能反反复复，甚至影响后面的答题，切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，不可因一题失多题，造成一步跟不上，步步皆踏空的结 果。
总之，只要掌握基本的听力技巧和方法、排除一切干扰，全身心地投入语境、持之以恒地坚持高考全真模拟听力训练，高考中定能取得理想的成绩

【考前技能篇2】
阅读理解的解题技巧
阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，高考阅读理解要多下功夫。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
在阅读理解方面考纲对考生有六大要求，即理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图观点态度。这六个能力要求对应我们常见的六种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、文章结构题和作者观点态度题。
一、阅读理解主要题型注意点：
细节理解题注意点：
高考英语阅读理解部分考查的重点之一是考生对于文章细节信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。细节理解题的比重一般在50%以上，换句话说，高考英语阅读理解的15个小题中，至少有7个细节理解题。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节理解题难度较低，答案明确具体，考生一般可以从阅读材料中直接找到。做这一类题一定要细心，要做到坚决不失分。
★特别注意：
细节理解题一定要忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
主旨大意题注意点：
1.要找到文章的关键词。
2.范围不能太大，也不能太小。
3.主旨在文章开头（如调查或研究结果、新闻报道、议论文）、主旨在文章结尾、主旨在文章第二段或第三段或主旨是需要通读以后对各个部分概括所得。当然概括主旨较难，需要考生能够概括出每段的段落大意。
★特别注意：
文章的主旨大全面理解文章后归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
词义猜测题注意点：
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的意义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
2. 代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
推理判断题注意点：
1. 推断题题干中的标志词有infer， imply， possible， probable等， 它在某种程度上与细节题类似。它考查的内容属于原文细节，但是它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解。考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。
2.了解类型：推断文章的出处、作者的态度（positive, negative, neutral, approving, opposed， objective, subjective, indifferent, cautious, worried, doubtful, suspicious等）、节选的文章上文或下文所讲内容。
3.根据作者所使用的词语的褒贬性进行判断；区分开作者的态度及作者引用的别人的态度；读文章前先读题，读一段写出本段的Main idea。
二、答题应试技巧：
1.关注文章脉络结构。
2.关注每一部分的主题句，也就是说读完每部分就要弄清它的Main idea。
3.采取略读（Skimming），关注主题句，其余支持信息（Supporting information）扫视即可。
4.如题目是细节理解题则通过扫读（Scanning）有针对性地对读过的某部分仔细辨别具体信息。
5.通过上下文保证猜测词义题不失分。
6.文章主旨大意题，不能以偏概全也不能范围太大。
7.关注题目题干与选项的匹配。如题目为推理判断题，而如果选了事实题，那就不对了。
8.对一些推测作者接下来要写的内容或第一段前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下的特点关注文章最后一段或第一段的内容。
★特别注意：
阅读理解题的干扰项的设置具有一定的迷惑性。它不仅能检测出考生理解、概括、推断等逻辑思维的精确性、深刻性，而且对考生心理素质也是一种检验，干扰项的干扰性一般体现在以下五个方面：
1.脱离原文；2.以偏概全；3.扩缩范围；4.偷换概念；5.正误并存。
三、考试宝典：
1.做阅读理解时，要注意充满自信，沉着冷静。
2. 所选有据，避免主观。
3. 符合原文的答案=正确答案≠最佳答案。阅读题要求选的最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主干，舍枝节。
4. 遇到生词是正常的，千万不要惊慌，不会影响对文章的理解。
四、小试牛刀：
[2020年，新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
13.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
14.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
15.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
16.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】13.B 14.D 15.B 16.A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
14.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
15.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
16.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。


【考前技能篇3】
完形填空的解题技巧
完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，题量大，分值高，词数在250左右。完形填空在选材方面往往具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括的能力。
文章命题特点：
1.从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看，已经不再考核语法方面的知识了，而是从语义搭配，结构搭配，惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。
2.短文长度250词左右，生词少，难度适中。
3.首句无空格，5―10词设一空。人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。
4.选项多为一词，偶尔为词组。四个选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性，迷惑性大。
5.考查单词以实词为主，虚词为辅。实词一般占80%―90%，其中又以动词、名词和形容词为主。
6.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。
完形填空的解题方法与步骤：
  一、整体浏览抓住主题
  在做完形填空题前，首先要整体浏览，对全文快速阅读一遍，了解文章的大意，掌握文章的主题，并留心文中的关键词，了解这篇短文说什么，发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等，这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此，了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说‘看书先看皮，看报先看题’，这是因为书的封面和报纸的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的，那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题，首先要找到文章的主题句，因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的，而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面，概括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾，在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句，在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此浏览短文时，首先要细读段首与段尾；比较起来，主题句位于段首的比例更高一些，所以，首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句，它就是引领整篇文章的主旨，是文章的灵魂，因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点，那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展开的正文。
 二、再读全篇试填答案
许多考生都有这样的经历，做完形填空题时，一看到题目就做，结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了，问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要，这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时，对于一眼就能看出的答案，不必纠缠，马上就填入，对于那些看看有点像，但没有把握的答案，可以开始试填，待看完第二遍时，再来看看试填的答案，如发现先前填得不对，这时应该及时更正，这时你就会比较有把握，也比较有信心了。
  三、瞻前顾后寻找关联
  我们在‘再读全篇，试填答案’一节中所谈的已涉及到＂瞻前顾后寻找关联＂的某些含义，但侧重＂试填＂；而我们将在这里侧重谈＂瞻前顾后寻找关联＂。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解，不从单句入手，有时如果从某一个单句来理解，四个选项都可以填入，但从整个语篇来看，答案只有一个。一般来讲，一个学生如果具有较高语言水平，较好的文化背景知识，史地及其他知识比较丰富的话，做该题型的困难就会比较少；可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些，反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲，讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候，首先要对空格前后句子，然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过＂瞻前顾后，寻找关联＂来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格，则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等，那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题，那么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致；如果是语义空格，那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等，那么就要通过上下文进行分析，根据文章的语义环境，做到＂瞻前顾后，寻找关联＂，然后作出合理的判断。
四、完形完义立足全局
     做完形填空有两个程序：一是完形（选择选项，然后填补空白）；二是完义（阅读短文，然后理解短文）。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行，也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义，单句必须服从段落，段落必须服从全文，局部必须服从全局。因此，我们在做完形填空题时，不能读一句做一句，更不能看到就填，这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义，再从局部到整体完形，完形完义，立足全局。
五、复读全文验证答案
     我们做完形填空题的最后一道工序就是＂复读全文验证答案＂。题目做完以后，我们要把＂完形＂后的全文再读一遍，看看是否＂完义＂，检查自己对全文的理解是否准确，情节发展是否合理，全文前后上下是否符合逻辑，验证自己完形的答案是否能使全文贯通流畅，如果读起来流畅而通顺，说明既完形又完义；反之，则说明我们对文章还没有完全理解，也就是说虽然＂完形＂了，但还没有＂完义＂，必须重新推敲已填答案。此外，还要从语法上看句子是否主谓一致，特别要注意非谓语动词是否与主语一致，时态是否前后呼应，检查动宾搭配，动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否合理，如果发现问题，则要根据文章的主题思想、本句、本段和全文的上下文与逻辑关系，重新选择选项；如果个别选项实在没有把握，那就根据感觉猜一个，但决不能放弃。总之，我们要从完形和完义、语法和语义等方面进行推敲，修正错误，弥补疏漏，从而使自己的答案尽可能地接近或达到完美。
四、牛刀小试：
[2020年7月，浙江卷]
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 1 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 2 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 3 it while Don stayed in his seat.
Lamb and mother 4 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 5 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 6 Don had somehow made the 7 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 8 the tractor heading towards the 9 .I ran desperately but failed to 10 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 11 thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 12 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 13 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 14 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 15 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 16 , and dashed back to me.
The police 17 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 18 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 19 .Don was given a special 20 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
1.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned
2.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother
3.A.ask about B.play with C.tend to D.run into
4.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined
5.A.unexpected B.dangerous C.embarrassing D.difficult
6.A.Fortunately B.Generally C.Immediately D.Obviously
7.A.lamb B.vehicle C.seat D.fence
8.A.saw B.stopped C.remembered D.drove
9.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill
10.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out
11.A.real B.best C.basic D.last
12.A.fixed B.noticed C.reached D.closed
13.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning
14.A.sleep B.long C.rough D.busy
15.A.abandoned B.approached C.recognized D.repaired
16.A.unclean B.uncertain C.unhurt D.unhappy
17.A.arrived B.replied C.survived D.waited
18.A.ability B.dream C.luck D.idea
19.A.common B.confusing C.desirable D.awful
20.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
3.考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A。
6.考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。
10.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
11.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。故选D。
12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。
14.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A。
18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。
19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A。
【考前技能篇4】
语法填空的解题技巧
语法填空题是一种为了某种特定考查目的而设计的一种Cloze题型。这种特定的目的就是为了在语篇环境中测试考生加工处理语言信息，分析句子结构和熟练运用语法的能力。通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考核学生的语法知识水平。要想做好此题，学好语法，注重运用是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。
一、语法填空选材特点：
1. 短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。
2. 短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空。
3. 短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。
4. 考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设3―4个小题；用所给的词填空题：设6―7小题。纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词类转换等。
考题一般涉及到的语法项目：
1.动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；
2.冠词的用法（有时要填的词是名词，但往往考的是冠词的用法）；
3.连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；
4.派生词的用法；
5.动词的适当形式（包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的用法等）；
6.情态动词的用法；
7.定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等;
8.代词的用法：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。
★特别注意：
1.适当注意倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词的用法；
2.名词的数和所有格有可能在给词填空中考查；
3.考生需要具备句子结构分析的能力:首先，应熟练掌握简单句的五大基本句型；其次，要充分了解词类及语法功能；再次，要会分析并列句，主从复合句等；要懂得两个简单句间不用分号或句号，就必须用连词，否则句子结构不完整。
二、答题应试技巧：
做语法填空题时，可以用一种由大及小的思路去思考答案。也就是说，可以从＂篇章、句子、词汇＂三个层面去思考。
1. 通读全文，了解大意，弄清文脉。考生不要读一句就填一个答案，首先要把有提示的空格视为已知条件，通读全文，了解文段内容及要点。
2. 结合语境，试填空格，先易后难。基本了解文章大意后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填，遇到一时想不出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。具体体现为六条思路：
（1）根据语法知识填空。根据已学语法知识，分析空格及句意，填入正确答案。
（2）根据逻辑关系填空。通读全文，把握作者的思路，联系上下文语义，分析归纳，填入符合词意、句意和上下文情景的正确答案。
（3）根据语篇的标志填空。语篇间往往有标明内在关系的词，我们称这些词为＂语篇标志词＂。如表示结构层次的有first，second，third，finally等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有 however, but, by the way等；＂语篇标志词＂对迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。
（4）根据固定词组填空。熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如：as a matter of fact, make up one’s mind， take part in，depend on/upon, by the way, keep in touch with, earn one’s living等，对解题有很大帮助。
（5）根据句型搭配，如so/such…that…;It is…(for sb.) to do sth.; There is no doubt that…; There is no sense in doing sth.等来解题。
（6）根据词汇知识填空。根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题, 如只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词; 只能接to do 作宾语的动词; 接to do作宾语补足语的动词；接 done 作宾语补足语的动词等。
3. 验证复查，清除难点。将所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍，对所填写的内容进行检查修正，以最后确定答案。
三、考试宝典：
1. 首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词；然后，根据句子意思确定填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系，确定用什么样的关联词。
技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定填代词或名词（代词考的更多）。
技巧2：名词前若没有限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词等），很可能要填限定词。
技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面一定填介词。
技巧4：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
技巧5：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文的时态不一致时，很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do, does, did等）。
技巧6：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。这些特殊句式有：强调句式、倒装句、it用作形式主语或形式宾语、so/such…that…句型和more…than…等。
2. 给出动词填空的解题技巧。首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考：
技巧1：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。
技巧2：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式，还是用不定式形式。
特别提醒：在语法专项训练中，把握好语法填空题的命题动向，熟悉考查内容，理清做题的思路，掌握做题的技巧，就可以做到：有的放矢、有章可循、事半功倍，从而提高做题的效率和准确性。
四、牛刀小试：
[2020年，全国卷I]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 21. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 22. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 23. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 24. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 25. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 26. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 27. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 28. (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 29. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 30. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】21.touched 22.extremely 23.where 24.interest 25.than 26.to find
27.means 28.is constructed 29.much 30.its
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
21.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
22.考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
23.考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
24.考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
25.考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
27.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
28.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
29.考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
30.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

【考前技能篇5】
七选五阅读理解的解题技巧
七选五阅读解题的十大技巧
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not…but不是……而是，as well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外， likewise同样地，照样地；也，又，similarly相似地，类似地， moreover而且再者，此外， in addition另外，加之，what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但……而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先，第一； second第二；third第三……；firstly第一，首先， secondly第二(点)；其次，thirdly第三……；first第一， next其次，then那么， 然后……；in the first place第一，首先；in the second place第二，其次……；for one thing首先，一则， for another thing其次……；to begin with首先，第一； to conclude首先，第一，等。
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。
另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
三、考试宝典：
1.理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为并列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系。
切记做七选五题总的原则:
（1）越过空格，通读全文，了解大意。
（2）通读选项，抓住其关键词语，明确各选项的大致意思。
（3）回到空格处，根据空格在段落中的位置判断设空类型（主旨；过渡；细节）。
（4）定位选项。 根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。
（5）确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
四、牛刀小试：
[2020年，新高考全国I卷]
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16.Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking. ” 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19.And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20.It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A.Do the opposite.
B.You want to be an effective public speaker.
C.You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D.When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】16.G 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。

【考前技能篇6】
短文改错的解题技巧
短文改错题是目前高考英语的必考项目，也是平时期中、期末考试的必考题型，短文改错是融语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生对语言的发现，判断，纠正文章中错误的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。短文改错其实并非难题，但得分率不高。究其原因，主要与学生对短文改错的特点和做题方法有很大的关系。
一．短文改错设置的错误的主要类型
短文改错设置的错误的主要类型有：⑴名词的单复数；⑵动词的词态和语态；⑶非谓语动词；⑷介词的搭配；⑸主谓一致性；⑹不定冠词与定冠词；⑺固定词组的搭配；⑻行文逻辑一致性；⑼词性的混淆； ⑽同义词辨异；⑾连词的误用；⑿代词的格与数；⒀句子成份残缺等。归纳为语法错误、词汇错误和上下文关系错误。这些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：
  （一）一致性问题
  所涉及的一致性问题主要包括主谓一致、时态、语态一致、代词指代一致、名词的数与格的一致、句式结构与语意一致、行文关系的一致。例如：
eg: There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
【讲解】原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was。
  （二）词性问题
词性问题不单单是识别的问题，能够说出所给单词的词性，并不说明能够在句中找出用错词性的地方。其主要目的是检测考生是否真正了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置，如名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语，动词作谓语，形容词充当表语、定语和宾补，而副词则充当状语，修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。
1.单复数混用
eg: Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
【讲解】“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。注意：代词单复数混用类似。
eg: As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.
【讲解】显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”
2.形容词/副词主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。
出题形式：形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。
①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中
eg: During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
【讲解】很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。
②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中
eg: As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”
【讲解】原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时，她开始兴奋地叫道-----，显然应把excited改为excitedly，用来修饰动词cheer。
3.介词主要考察能力：（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。
出题形式：
①介词省略
eg: I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
【讲解】get rid of 是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”
②介词多余
eg: My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
【讲解】这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。
③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)
eg: I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
【讲解】pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思；pick up捡起的意思。
4.连词主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系
常考三种关系：but转折,and并列,because原因
eg: One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
【讲解】显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”，所以应该把but改为because/as/for。
  （三）词语固定搭配
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
eg:I have given up smoke. The dog doesn’t like the smell.
【讲解】give up doing sth。因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。
  （四）句子首尾的位置
  句子首尾是学生最不注意却容易丢分的地方。命题者故意在句首或句尾设置错误，如果把错误改在上句，那么就会影响下句，容易顾此失彼，尤其是在词语的固定搭配上，此类型的题近两年出现频率有所增加，也是容易失分的句子。
 二．做短文改错题基本步骤
  （一）改前通读全文，理解语篇大意
在着手做改错之前一定要快速阅读全文，不能拿来就改。认真阅读短文，正确理解短文意思，抓住语篇行文逻辑。在阅读过程中，一定要将一个完整的句子甚至几句逻辑紧密的句群一次性读完，要逐行判断，上下兼顾，切忌断章取义，以免造成上下文逻辑不通，影响正确的判断。
  （二） 改中细读，注意语法、词汇错误
依据文章意思和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，文意是否与原文相符等。综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，不到句号不要停顿，这样才能发现其中的错误。由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。
  （三）改后回读，纠正失误，减少差错
做完短文改错后将答案放回原文，再重读全文，其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑，语句不通畅，不符合英语习惯的问题。改后复读 ，往往会发现那些在通读与细读中不曾发现的问题或作出的误改。回头来再读全文，能检查并验证所做的答案是否能使语气贯通流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，语篇结构是否严密完整，复读过程中，凡遇到不通顺或连贯之处，需进行细致的分析和推敲。此外，还要注意正确的书写及符号的运用。
 三．夯实基础, 慎重审题，从容答题
 注重基础，加强基础知识技能的训练。以词法、句法为主线，系统有效地复习，总结并及时纠正学生普遍易犯的错误，提高他们从不同角度分析错误的能力。比如先看句型结构有无问题，是否符合习惯表达，谓语动词的时态、语态、语气是否正确；再看词类词义的选择是否有误，该用哪种词类，是动词、名词还是形容词；然后再看是介词还是副词，该同哪种词形成固定搭配，表达什么特定的意义等。在作题时应考虑1.句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗？2.句中的谓语完整吗？3.习惯用法固定搭配正确吗？4.冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗？5.该用被动语态吗？6.从句的连接词对了吗？7.从句中的谓语完整吗？学生应在平时的演练及考试中认真留意总结每个句式结构的特点以及命题者的考查意图，做到心中有数，融会贯通,灵活运用，举一反三。
四．克服对短文改错的恐惧心理
许多学生对短文改错都心存余悸，不愿做短文改错，甚至放弃或简单的全部打对勾，盲目夸大了短文改错题的难度。事实上短文改错题都是内容较为浅显，题材较为轻松，又都是中学生常见的记叙文。此题针对学生的薄弱环节把中学生在写作时常犯的错误做了一个浓缩，全文一共有10处错误，全文涉及一个单词的增加，删除和修改。短文改错题的错误大都出现在句子表层，并不难发现。较难的错一般是动词时态或行文逻辑方面的错误。做前最好深呼吸，做题时要心平静气，切忌心浮气躁，急于求成。
短文改错这种题型对学生来说有一定的难度，要想做好并不容易，所以学生平时一定要注意积累更多的语言知识，扩大词汇量，尤其是要掌握丰富的英语短语和固定搭配，在记忆时要一丝不苟，切忌随意增词或减词，此外还要掌握更多的句型结构和习惯表达，并保持良好的心态，这样在考试中才能从容不迫，游刃有余，迅速地找出错误并加以改正。
五、牛刀小试：
(2020年，全国卷I）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.

【答案】

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做西红柿炒鸡蛋的过程。
1.考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
5.考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
6.考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
7.考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。
8.考查连词。句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句，故将unless改为until/till。
9.考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故在pan前the。
10.考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。

【考前技能篇7】
应用文写作的解题技巧
英语应用文写作是高中英语学习的重要内容之一，主要考查学生的语言表达能力。中学英语大纲强调了培养学生书面运用英语的能力与培养英语口语能力同样不可忽视。因此，应用文写作作为高考英语科必考的题型，符合教学大纲对书面的教学要求，有利于培养学生的初步的英语写作能力。高考应用文写作题要求考生根据所给情景和提示(包括图画、图表、提纲和短文)，利用所学的词语和句式写一篇词数限定的短文，体裁通常为书信、日记、通知、简介和描述故事等。并要求表达清楚，文理通顺，语言准确、得当。对应用文写作的这种测试符合英语教学总目标的要求，又与日常生活的社会交往密切相连，尤其突出了语言的交际功能特点。
一、解题技巧：
1.认真、仔细审题，确定体裁。
无论是汉语提示写作还是看图作文，首先要仔细审题，一字一句地将题目要求看一遍，甚至数遍。记住所给的揭示内容，如文章的对象、目的、事物发生的时间、地点，以及所要包括的要点，篇幅长度。然后决定所要用的表达形式，是应用文、说明文还是记叙文。最后严格按各种文体格式组篇，写出的文章自然是符合要求的。
2.抓住要点是组织语言、形成短文的核心。
要认真阅读提示要求。观察画面，审阅表格，根据提示将要点逐一列出。如果抓不住要求，组织语言的词句再好，也必定会造成遗漏要点的结果，有时也许还会画蛇添足，从内容角度看自然是不理想的，出现错误，则成为扣分的依据，得高分也就无望。因此，要写好书面表达，一定要明确要求，必要时可把要点记下或根据所提供的要求用铅笔把要点作些记号，以免遗漏。
3.组织语言、正确叙述是整个写作过程的重要环节。
知道了内容，抓住了要点后，要根据要点确定句型、扩展句子，把这些内容有机地连接起来。首先，要给每一个要点选择一个恰当的动词和主要信息词，然后以动词和主要信息词为中心，根据要点内容，将此扩展成句。此过程中一定要根据提示要求的情景，确定动词的时态和语态，以求表达准确、贴切。其次，句与句之间要有连贯性。即根据各要点之间的关系，确定要点的先后顺序以及各句之间的因果、递进、并列、转折等关系，选择并使用恰当的关联词和过渡词，力求语言准确，把握性不大的词语不要用。最后，段与段之间过渡要自然，即按故事情节自然过渡，文章叙述清楚即可，多余的段落是没必要的。
4.扬长避短，灵活措辞。
英语的表达方式是丰富多样的，有时同一内容可用几种句型表达，也可选用多种词汇表达。不要死抠着提示中的一个中文词绞尽脑汁地去找所学过的英文等同词，既浪费了时间，又选词不恰当。遇到这种情况。可以采取用同义词、近义词、甚至反义词替代表达，只要使用词语恰当，意思表达明确，词法、句法准确，就不会被扣分。总之，尽量使用自己熟悉的、运用自如的词汇，冷静思考、扬长避短、灵活处理，对于某些牵涉到时间、长度、距离、程度等与数字有关的描写，要善于运用模糊的概念，切忌滥用具体的数字。
5.检查格式，勿漏要点，复核全文。
书面表达完成后，还应该认真核查如下几点：①内容要点全不全；②体裁格式对不对；③语言形式正确不正确，其中包括易由疏忽而出错的名词单、复数、名词所有格、主谓时态的一致等问题；④结构安排合理不合理；⑤词数是否基本符合要求。超出规定范围，则应将无关紧要的句子删掉，词数不足，则应围绕题材中要求做适当的增写。
6.书写规范，卷面整洁。
高考书面表达是主观试题，人工阅卷，因此规范的书写，整洁的卷面给人一种美感，增加多得分的可能性。所以考生一定要书写正确、工整。包括字母大、小写使用、连写规则、标点符号的运用等。＂字体美观、卷面整洁＂的要求极为重要，因为书面表达题同时要求考生具有书写规范化的能力。
二、考试宝典：
不管是何种类型书面表达，看图类（包括漫画、新闻图片、柱状图饼图等）、读写任务型写作、提纲类（提供中文写作提纲，如表格中提供很少关键信息），都要严把审题关。
具体步骤如下：
Step 1: 审题：通过读题，包括题目要求、题目中的信息、画面内容及画面信息（画面中的对话、说明等）、所给的要阅读的文章（比如一个故事、段落、书信、博客、帖子、图表），在草稿纸上列出所写短文的框架，即要写几个段落、每个段落的内容要点、时态、人称。
Step 2: 落笔：根据所列每段要点进行遣词造句，把要表达的内容与英语中的一些地道短语、句型联系起来，切忌汉式表达；根据各自的水平用一些有把握的丰富的句型，切忌从句套从句，切忌为了使句子复杂化而刻意堆积复杂句型而导致表达不清晰；另外，还要注意段落间使用过渡句，同一段落中句子间注意顺畅衔接，不要给阅卷老师极不连贯的感觉；熟练使用不同类写作的套用语；注意表达时上下的逻辑，切忌乱用衔接词；开放性比较强的段落要注意思想性，表达时注意层次性，切忌随意堆放组合。
Step 3: 核查：
（1）检查句式：看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确；
（2）检查谓语部分：所用动词或短语是否正确、时态语态是否正确、主谓是否一致、非谓语形式是否正确；
（3）检查搭配：核查搭配是否符合英语表达习惯；
（4）检查拼写、标点和词数：看拼写是否有误、标点是否正确（尤其注意写作中经常要用到非限制性定语从句来对前面补充说明或说明引起的后果，这时务必加逗号）。
注意：
1.关于词数要求：通常为100词左右，一般来讲最后一段开放性比较强，如谈谈你的看法、对你的启示、如何解决问题等，所以假如前面词数已经够多了，最后一段就不需面面俱到或者再添加细节信息。
2.学会正确使用连接词：
表示时间：in the beginning, meanwhile/at the same time, now/at present, afterwards, recently/lately, finally…
表示罗列或递进：first…second…, firstly…, then/next…, finally, to begin with, for one thing, for another, on (the) one hand, on the other hand, besides/what’s more/in addition/ moreover/ furthermore/also/ on top of that, what’s worse, worse still, even worse, especially…
表示因果关系：so, therefore, as a result (of), thus, consequently, because, owing to, due to, thanks to…
表示解释：for example/ instance; take…for example, in fact, actually, in this case (非限制性in which case)
表示并列：and, not only…but also, as well as, both…and, neither….nor, either …or…
表示转折：but, however, or / otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, instead, after all…
表示条件：unless, if, as /so long as, on condition that, considering…, seeing(that)…
表示让步：though, although, while(句首), as(倒装), even if/though, whether…or, whatever =no matter what…
表示比较：be similar to, similarly, by contrast, in contrast, compared to/with, in comparison with, just as, just like…
表示目的：so that, in order to, so as to, do…for the reason that…
表示强调或说明：obviously, surely, no doubt, above all, in fact, actually…
表示概括归纳：in short/conclusion/ summary/ brief, in a word, to summarize/conclude/sum up, generally speaking; in my opinion / view, from my point of view, as far as I know/am concerned, based on above, as has been mentioned /stated above, as we all know…
三、牛刀小试：
[2020年，全国卷I]
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括:
1. 人物简介；
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The person I respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. As for me, my father is the person I respect most. My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much. He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.
When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students. So, in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.人物简介：
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
As for me；spare some time；listen to me patiently;
第三步：连词成句
1.As for me, my father is the person I respect mostly.
2.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.
3.My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因
2.表示并列补充关系：As for; and; but; So
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much；非谓语动词：He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students；时间状语从句：When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。

【考前技能篇8】
读后续写作的解题技巧
一、 考纲摘录
读后续写：满分25分。 提供一段350词左右的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度;
(2)内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；
(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性;
(4)上下文的连贯性。

二、命题揭秘
读后续写
要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；
2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；
3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。
三、 评分标准
（1）评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1) 与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
(2) 内容的丰富性和对所标出关词语的应用情况；
(3) 应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
(4) 上下文的连贯性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

（2）各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
             描述


第五档
(21—25)
— 与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。
— 内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
— 所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
— 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。


第四档
(16—20)
— 与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。
— 内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
— 所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
— 比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。


第三档 
(11—15)
— 与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
— 写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
— 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义的表达。
— 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。


第二档 
(6—10)
— 与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。
— 写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。
— 语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
— 较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。


第一档 
(1—5)
— 与所给短文和开头语的衔接较差。
— 产出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。
— 语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
— 缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
0
白卷、内容太少无法判断或所写内容与所提供内容无关。

四、 真题及样题
[2020年7月，浙江高考]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One fall，my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears. We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”-the town of Churchill in Manitoba，Canada.
Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears-like all wild animals-should be photographed from a safe distance. When I'm face to face with a polar bear，I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens. But sometimes，that is easier said than done. This was one of those times.
As Elli and I cooked dinner，a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled our garlic bread.
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fence. He pulled and bit the wire. He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew. We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air. Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off. Not this polar bear though-he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子).
I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. Making the best of this close encounter(相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear.
Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment. The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray. The spray burns the bears' eyes，but doesn't hurt them. So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and，through the fence，sprayed him in the face. With an angry roar(吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
【解析】
本文主要讲述了人与熊对抗，之后成功脱险的故事。主人公的感情线变化为：兴奋渴望→惊恐→放松。剧情线以主人公如何与北极熊周旋并成功摆脱它展开。
由第一段的段首提示句可知：几分钟后，熊又回到营地。接下来可通过场景渲染，描写当时令人颤栗惊恐的画面，例如“Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness.”这不仅合理地描写了熊的反应，也描绘出让人战栗的场景。
由第二段的段首提示句可知：此时，直升机到了。如果想要进行续写两段的合理衔接，第一段的结尾可描写成“After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, the bear trotted forward a few steps.”这样可以营造出危急的场景。“我们”看到直升机的到来，感到绝处逢生的喜悦，可以以人物心理描写作为第二段的开头，重点描写喜极而泣的状态，例如“My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.”
最后，结尾部分需要迅速收束，并说明成功逃脱的结局。
关于画线词：Elli作为女主人公，是续写内容中应该出现的画线词，noises, pictures, fence, spray与熊有关，也在两段续写内容中出现。最终，两人回归安全状态，因此画线词safe也可自然而然地出现在续写内容中。由此划分画线词，可迅速锁定需使用的画线词范围，辅助构思。
【范文】
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Roars and screams pierced the silence with needle-like shrillness. The noises turned Elli and I pale with horror. I feared that the giant would destroy our whole fence. He roared repeatedly, shattering what was left of the silence. Elli seized this opportunity to take some pictures of the bear. The animal’s noises echoed all around us. We betrayed our feelings by huddling together, shivering with fear. After thoroughly scrutinizing the area, he trotted forward a few steps.
At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved. Elli used pepper spray again to buy us enough time. But this time the bear became more alert. He regarded us with the merciless necessity of hunger, so we throw all the food we have. He then turned away and started devouring. As we were climbing the rope ladder, Elli prayed like thousand times to show thankfulness of being safe and sound.
[2020年，新高考全国I卷，山东]
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy -his name was Bernard-had interested her very much.
“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”
After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”
“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).”
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右:
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. So, they went to the local supermarket together. They bought a bag of corn and some special bags for popcorn. When they got home, they made a lot of popcorn and put it in the special bags. With the popcorn, they went to Bernard’s home. They told Bernard how to sell the popcorn. Bernard and his parents were very grateful. And the Meredith family also felt very happy to help this family.
With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. He took the popcorn around to the houses and sold all his popcorn. He earned a lot of money. Then, he wanted to be self-dependent. Therefore, he asked Mrs. Meredith to teach him how to make popcorn. After that, not only did he sell popcorn, but he also added cream and salt to the popcorn to make it taste better. Bernard grew up to be a remarkable man. He did not forget the help of Meredith’s family, and he also did what he could to help those in need.
【解析】本文是根据短文进行续写，使之成为一个完整的故事。
1.认真读懂所给提供的材料:善良的Meredith一家住在一个小社区里，他们想帮助一个贫困的家庭。那家的男主人生病卧床，女主人要照顾丈夫、无法外出赚钱，家中的小男孩Bernard也做不了什么事情，生活十分困难。后来，Meredith的孩子想出了一个主意--制作爆米花，让Bernard去卖爆米花。
2.根据所给材料确定文章主题:Meredith如何通过制作和卖爆米花帮助Bernard一家摆脱困境的。
3.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。
4.根据第一段首句When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too.(当Meredith太太听到John的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意)可以针对如何实现制作爆米花这个提议展开构思；根据第二段首句With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.(一切准备就绪后，Bernard开始了他的新生意)可以针对Bernard如何通过卖爆米花让家庭摆脱困境展开构思。
5.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充信息，使篇章结构连贯。
[2020年1月，浙江高考]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
“I'm going to miss you so much, Poppy, "said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions(情绪)get the better of him.
His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.
The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile.” I guess this is it, “he said.” I'll see you back home in a month, okay？"His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy's mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn't seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn't.
They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn't her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. "What should we do to cheer Poppy up？"asked Dad. “We've tried everything.”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy, “smiled Mom.” Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let's get a little dog for Poppy."
It didn't take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual, but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging(摆动)ever so slowly, then faster as she caught the smell.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Para 1. Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2. A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Para 1.
Dad put the box on the ground and opened the top. A shiny little wet nose popped up. Then two fluffy paws. Next the box tipped over sideways, and out tumbled a mass of wiggly golden silliness. Poppy was amazed. She wagged furiously. She barked with joy. She smiled, her tongue lolling out as she investigated the surprise. The little pup was not shy and immediately starting yipping and jumping around the older dog. “That didn’t take long,” remarked Mom, as both dogs went roaring around the house in an impromptu game of chase. Dad laughed. 
Para 2.
A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university. He had missed Poppy and was looking forward to seeing her. When he bent down to give her a big hug, he fell over in surprise as a small golden cloud came racing up to lick his face too. “Oh my gosh, who is this?” he exclaimed. His parents laughed at the look of shock on his face. “That’s Pee-wee,” said Dad. “I can’t believe you got yourselves a puppy!” “We didn’t,” replied Mom. “This puppy is for Poppy!”
【解析】这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章讲述了男孩要去上大学，和自己的狗Poppy道别。而没有了男孩在家里，Poppy也非常想念男孩，于是男孩父母决定给Poppy买一条小狗作伴。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：爸爸打开盒子，一条可爱的小狗出现了。所以后文应该是描写买来的小狗的样子以及这两只狗的相处情况；第二段开头是：几个星期后，男孩从大学回到家里。本段应该写男孩回到家以后看到两条狗的反应，以及父母告诉男孩这条狗是买给Poppy的。
续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。  
[2018年6月浙江卷]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
      We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
      His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
      In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. 
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. This unexpected appearance frightened my horse, which made it run wildly. I tried my best to control it, but in vain. Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent myself from falling off. Fortunately, minutes later, the horse stopped before a river, out of breath, and so did I. At that moment, my dad also came up. Seeing I was OK, he was quite relieved. But it was clear that we got lost.
Paragraph 2:
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. We didn’t know where the farm house was. What we could do was to go back along the previous track slowly. But it was really difficult for us in such a dark situation. Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voice from the distance. “It must be Uncle Paul,” I said. So we cried back with excitement. Finally, Uncle Paul safely brought us back home. What an amazing ride!

[2017年11月浙江卷]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A vacation with my mother
      I had an interesting childhood. It was filled with surprise and amusements, all because of my mother—loving, sweet, and yet absent-minded and forgetful. One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.
     My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. As the first day of our trip approached, David, my eight-year-old brother, and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends. Who knew if we’d ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again two hours later after we’d returned home to get the purse and traveler’s checks Mom had forgotten.
    David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept: “You stand outside the door and play lookout (放哨) while I go, and I’ll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind: “Honey, where are the kids?” “What?! Oh, Gosh… I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren’t about to take any chances.
    On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn’t we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand our objections (反对). If a strange family showed up on her front doorsteps, Mom would have been delighted. She thinks everyone in the world as as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancy in the next town. 

注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:  
    The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
    We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. We decided to camp along the river. The views there were surprisingly beautiful—the warm sunshine, the fresh air, the clean water. We sat on the grass, enjoying the splendid nature. However, when Dad was about to put up our tent, he was disappointed to find that it had been left in the hotel. Well, Dad had to go back to fetch it to continue our camping.
Paragraph 2:
We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. Every time we got to a new place, Mom would cheer up like a child. She would get off the car excitedly, laughing and dancing around. Together we enjoyed the modern sights in the big cities, the historical buildings in the small towns and the amazing scenery in nature. When we came back to the hotel after the tiring but excellent visit, Mom would hug us and kiss us on our faces. How sweet she was! Absent-minded and forgetful as she was, she never forgot to express her love to us.
[2017年6月浙江卷]
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday. 
    Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that’s a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him. 
      Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac’s relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).
      Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to show down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
      At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.

注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:
      The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
      A few minutes later,the other two cyclists arrived.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Paul and Becky got out of the car immediately to give help. But with the bare hands, they didn’t dare to fight with the wolf. However, they still approached to the wolf bravely. At the same time, the wolf also noticed them and turned its head back, shouting loudly at Paul and Becky. Mac then jumped off the bicycle and was ready to fight against the wolf. That reached deadlock.
Paragraph 2:
A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived. They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. Mac’s friends also jumped off their bicycles and joined the fight with the wolf. More and more cars stopped. Some drivers took out the sticks from the cars, and some took out the knives, even the guns towards the wolf. Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance.
[2016年10月浙江卷]
One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom. “I’m going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away.
      With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, hoping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snowcapped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost.
      “Tom! ”she cried. “Help!”
      No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him.
      Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty. She could hear water trickling (滴落）somewhere at a distance. Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake.
      As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter.Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse, thinking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again.

注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
      But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
      It was daybreak when Jane woke up.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Jane had to stay alone in the forest for another cold night. Although she felt a little sad, she didn’t get fearful. She thought about Tom. “He must have called for those helicopters. Maybe he was in one of them and will come back again! I have to guide him tomorrow.” She fell asleep and dreamed of seeing Tom.
Paragraph 2:
It was day break when Jane woke up. She ate some berries and then walked along the stream, hoping to find a suitable place to guide the helicopter. Fortunately, she saw a huge flat rock in an open area at a distance. She rushed to the rock, climbed onto it and waited. To her great joy, the helicopter appeared again. The nearer it got, the more she flagged the yellow blouse. Luckily, the helicopter didn’t miss Jane this time and it landed near the big rock slowly. Tom jumped off the helicopter and ran towards Jane. She broke down and burst into tears. 

[实验省份考试说明样题]
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem,” Arthur said.
“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “ Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
      The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.
It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.
      Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
      She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?” He thought. “The suitcase！She thinks I’m the bank thief!”
      Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
      As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
       The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur...
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

One possible version:
Paragraph 1：
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” But Arthur ran even faster. Just then, a taxi came along. Arthur stopped it and threw himself into the back seat and asked the driver to go to the Police Station.
Paragraph 2： 
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur ran into it, shouting, “There’s a bank robbery and I know the bank thief.” Quickly after Arthur told his story, the policemen started for the bank without delay. When they arrived at the spot, they were surprised to find that the people who gathered before the bank were now crowding around the young man, who seemed quite worried. Finally, Arthur realized that he had made a mistake. The loud noise of the alarm was incorrectly made by the bank’s system and nothing happened to the bank, but the young man was worried that someone had robbed his suitcase.

【考前技能篇9】
概要写作的解题技巧
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
试题特点：
①原文材料350词以内，概要写作不少于60词。
②原文基本以说明文、议论文为主。
③概要，基本上就是段落大意。每段一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括就行。
④要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
写作注意事项：
①找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
②各要点的表达要相对独立。
③各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
④句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
⑤尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用­ing形式和­ed形式作定语。
⑥多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
模板及句型：
①表示文章的内容以及研究目的
1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...
2)The article focuses on the topic of...
②表示研究的结论
1)The result showed that...
2)The author found that...
3)It was concluded that...
③表示推荐、观点或建议
1)The author suggests/considers that...
2)Suggestions are made for...
评分原则：
①本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
②评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
③词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
④评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3)上下文的连贯性；
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
⑤拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
⑥如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：
一、通读全文，把握核心
1.把握文章体裁。概要写作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。
▲不同体裁文章的要点
2.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。
3.整合概括大意。根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。
二、精选主题，展开写作
概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。注意以下几点：
1.准确。准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。
2.客观。在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“ I think”和“ I believe”等主观性的词句。由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用 determine代替“ make up ones mind”;用 therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“ as a result”和“ in order to”等。
3.简洁。由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些实例、冗长的说明、描述性的修饰语以及省略或简化图表，删除直接引语的对话。如果必须保留某些重要的对话，可将其改为间接引语的形式，即把对话体变为叙述体；或采用主谓缩写( we are→we're；they will→they'll)，句式省略( when he crossed the road= when crossing the road)，合并句子，使用简单句、并列句，with的复合结构，适当使用复合句等方法来进行概要写作。
4.连贯。连接词是内容概要的桥梁，它在句与句或段与段之间起铺垫的作用，能够把内容概要有机地串联起来，确保行文流畅，衔接紧凑。因此，概要写作哪怕只有一个段落，也要根据原文的层次结构，在适当的地方添加连接词，如表示顺序关系的“ firstly”¨ secondly"“ finally”；表示并列关系的“ besides”“ in addition”等；表示总结关系的“ to sum up”“in conclusion”等，使所写的内容概要衔接紧密，条理清楚。
三、检查核对，要点齐全
检查时，考生要注意以下几点：
1.查。查一查要点是否全面；查人称与时态是否正确；查衔接是否连贯；查是否有直接照抄原文的句子；查拼写和语法是否有误；查标点符号及大小写是否正确；等等。
2.数。数一数内容概要的词数是否符合要求，并标出概要写作的总词数。
例：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I learned about the lighthouse Project .
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.
Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria?  I had no idea. But I was about to find out .
After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor， they offered their homes， hearts， and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me .
Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The lighthouse project had changed my life forever.
【文本理解】
本文是一篇记叙文，全文共五段。第一段讲述作者大学毕业后，对未来充满希望但又不知该如何实现自己的抱负，直到他接触了“灯塔计划”。第二段接着叙述作者为申请做“灯塔计划”志愿者所做的准备。第三段中，作者赢得家人的支持，在激烈的竞争中，脱颖而出成为“灯塔计划”的一员。第四段描述作者成为志愿者后，被派往尼日利亚阿布贾的一个小村庄的生活与工作情况。第五段是作者感悟“灯塔计划”对其人生的影响。
【写作思路】
概要写作基本按照两步走，一是解读文本，二是遣词成文。
①解读文本
本文的体裁是记叙文，叙述作者申请当“灯塔计划”的志愿者，经过重重考核被选中以及被派去尼日利亚阿布贾的一个小村庄工作的经历。这段经历让作者学到了许多，改变了他的人生。结合记叙文文体特点，将主题句直观归纳法和关键词整合归纳法相结合，对文本的主旨大意进行梳理解读。文章第一段介绍事件的背景，描述事情发生的人物、时间，以及事情的起因。通过整合关键词“ graduates；hope；no real idea；make a difference；the Lighthouse project”可归纳出段落大意“A university graduate， hoping to make a difference， had no real idea of what to do until he learned about the Lighthouse Project.”。第二段描写事件的发展，即作者为申请做“灯塔计划”的志愿者所做的准备。根据本段的倒数第二句“ In short”，可知该句是对本段前文内容的总结。第三段进一步描述事件的发展，讲述作者赢得家人的支持，在激烈的竞争中成功地成为了“灯塔计划”的志愿者。所以，通过整合关键词“ the support of my family；stood out”可归纳出段落大意“I won the support of my family and after fierce competition， I stood out.”。第四段描写作者成为志愿者后，被派往尼日利亚阿布贾的生活与工作情况。本段的关键词为“sent；village；school house；teach”。通过整合关键词，可归纳出段落大意“ I was sent to a village， where I taught in a schoolhouse I had built with some villagers.”。第五段讲述作者对此次经历的感悟，本段的最后一句话是主题句“ The lighthouse project had changed my life forever.”
②整理成文
概要的整体表述从who/what进行把握，并关注同义替换、过渡衔接、句型结构三个方面。本篇记叙文按照时间顺序进行，根据一系列事件发生的先后顺序排列。可以使用譬如 after、until等表示时间状语的词，并尽量在一个句子中包含尽可能多的信息要点。
【参考范文】
After graduation from university the author was at a loss about how to fulfill his ambition until he decided to land a job with the Lighthouse Project. ( 要点1) Adequate preparation and family support finally won him the job as a volunteer teacher in a remote village. (要点 2) The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self. (要点3)(61 words)
【范文解析】
要点1介绍了事件发生的背景，用一个介词短语“ after graduation from university”来替换原文中的“ Like many new graduates， I left university…”；"“ I was at a loss”替换“ I had no idea how to do that”；“ to fulfill his ambition”替换“ to make a difference in the world”，表达的意思简洁明了。
要点2将原文中第二、三、四段的内容进行整合，将作者从申请志愿者所做的准备到赢得家人的支持并最终取得成功成为志愿者及担任志愿者工作的过程用一句话进行表达。运用高级词汇“adequate preparation”来概括原文第二段的内容，“ a volunteer teacher in a remote village”概括原文第四段作者在尼日利亚阿布贾的志愿者工作情况。句子主谓分明，结构清晰，要点涵盖广。
要点3可以找到明显段落主题句，即原文第五段的最后一句。该句表达的意思是“灯塔计划”改变了我的人生。结合该段的内容，整合处理为“ The experience taught him to see life in a new light and embrace a better self.”。
附：高考真题
[2019年6月浙江高考）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
【参考答案】
How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong way may have opposite effects on children.(要点1) On the other hand,no praise also does harm to kids' development.(要点2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather than the end product.(要点3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids' proper effort, regardless of the result.(要点4)

[2018年11月浙江高考]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs atCollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(倾问)，and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
【参考答案】
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. (要点1) Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. (要点2) At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. (要点3) For students who are short of money and time, registering online is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.(要点4)



















考 前 注 意 篇
英语考前备考策略
——从真题卷进行分析
　　2020年高考英语命题贯彻落实国务院高考内容改革专题会议精神，依托中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，促进德智体美劳全面发展，进一步深化考试内容改革，加强关键能力考查，体现时代性，确保公平性，充分体现了高考立德树人、服务选才、引导教学的功能。
1
体现立德树人时代特征，促进德智体美劳全面发展
　　2020年高考英语全国卷试题，选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，体现立德树人时代特征，引导体美劳教育，促进德智体美劳全面发展。
　　一是融入中国元素，切实增强“四个自信”。全国I卷语法填空语篇讲述嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件，彰显民族自豪感；全国II卷语法填空语篇讲述中国部分地区在春节期间用竹子、桔树和梅花装饰家居的传统风俗习惯；全国III卷语法填空语篇以秀美漓江为背景，讲述中国历史上一段有关人与自然和谐入画的故事。这些语篇向学生展示了我国社会主义建设的新成就和中华优秀传统文化，引导学生坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀，切实增强“四个自信”。
　　二是关注体育运动，倡导健康运动理念。全国I卷阅读C篇介绍竞走运动及其与跑步的不同之处；全国II卷短文改错语篇讲述欢迎外国友人到中国学习武术，期待一起练习；全国III卷短文改错语篇讲述母亲关注家人健康，为家人制作健康饮食。这些语篇通过设置真实的语言情境，引导学生关注体育运动，提高锻炼意识，重视健康饮食。
　　三是渗透美育知识，引导审美情趣养成。全国I卷阅读B篇阐述作者反复阅读自己所喜爱书籍的感悟，在重读中不断思考并提升自己；全国II卷阅读A篇介绍英国某湖区的文化类旅游景点；全国II卷完形填空语篇讲述主人公购得名家油画真迹的故事；全国III卷语法填空语篇讲述一位中国古代画家找寻最伟大的艺术大师“自然母亲”的故事。这些语篇通过展现文字之美、景观之美、艺术之美和自然之美，引导学生养成高尚的审美情趣和良好的审美意识。

　　四是树立劳动观念，宣传践行劳动精神。全国I卷短文改错语篇讲述作者第一次做西红柿炒鸡蛋的经历；全国II卷书面表达设置和同学一起去农场参加采摘活动的情境；新高考卷阅读B篇讲述女主人公年轻时边工作边上学，毕业后又资助弟妹完成学业的经历。这些语篇和情境引导学生在真实的生活体验中感受劳动的辛苦和荣耀，尊重劳动，认同劳动，并且愿意学习和参与劳动。
2
体现高考评价体系要求，深入强化关键能力考查
　　2020年高考英语全国卷试题以学科素养为导向，突出对听力、阅读、写作等关键能力的考查；改变相对固化的考查形式，促进学生发展学科素养，提高综合语言运用能力。
　　一是以学科素养为导向，加强关键能力考查。基于学科特点，高考英语试题重点加强对阅读理解、应用写作、语言表达和批判性思维等关键能力的考查。
　　1）精选篇章，强化对阅读理解能力的考查。阅读理解第一节15道小题中，全国I卷中有10道小题，全国II卷有8道小题，考查推断、归纳和概括等高阶阅读理解能力。新高考卷则通过提高阅读理解试题的分值与比重，进一步强化阅读理解能力考查。
　　2）设置更加真实灵活的试题情境，加强应用写作和语言表达能力考查。全国I卷设置以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题写一篇短文参赛的情境；全国II卷设置为班级英语角写一篇短文介绍一次采摘活动的情境。新高考卷启用读写结合的短文续写题型，在巩固应用文写作考查的基础上，进一步加强对英语语言表达能力的考查。
　　3）考查批判性思维和辩证思维能力。在语篇选择上，全国I卷选取重复阅读的感悟、竞走运动及其与跑步的比较等语篇，全国II卷选取有关维护生态平衡、个人和图书馆的关系等语篇，全国III卷选取有关动物保护争议、英国几代人共同生活的居住方式等语篇。这些语篇能够启发考生运用批判性思维和辩证思维能力思考家庭和社会生活中的现象和问题。在题目设置上，全国I卷第31题询问作者对竞走运动的态度，全国II卷第35题让考生选择一个能准确表达语篇主旨的标题。这类试题要求学生运用批判性思维和辩证思维，对材料内容归纳概括并进行逻辑推理。
　　二是深化考试内容改革，防止试题形式固化。高考英语命题坚持稳中有进的原则，不断深化内容改革，创新试题呈现形式，稳步调整试卷结构，积极发挥引导中学英语教学的作用。
　　1）防止试题形式固化，进一步创新试题呈现形式。全国I卷和全国II卷书面表达试题改变近年来常用的撰写书信或邮件形式，以命题作文形式结合具体的语言活动情境考查语言表达能力；修订和完善短文改错及书面表达试题的评分参考，使评分参考更好地体现测试目标，进一步提高阅卷评分的可操作性。
　　2）深化高考综合改革，推出新高考英语试卷结构。基于高考评价体系，新高考英语对试卷结构、试题呈现方式、分值权重等均作出调整，增设读后续写题型，将阅读与写作深度结合，充分体现综合性、应用性和创新性，以期有效考查学生的综合语言运用能力、思维能力和学习能力。
3
稳定试卷结构和试题难度，体现时代性和公平性
　　充分考虑不同地区考生群体的能力水平和实际情况，2020年高考英语全国卷试题合理控制难度与区分度，关注试题的公平性。

　　一是维持试卷结构稳定，全面考查综合语言运用能力。高考英语试题通过恰当的选材和巧妙的设问，以英语学科必备知识为基础，考查听、说、读、写等关键能力，同时渗透对学生英语语言知识、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力等学科素养的考查。

　　二是合理控制试卷难度，稳步提升试题命制质量。各套试卷所采用篇章材料的难度水平呈阶梯分布，材料难度与往年基本持平。题目类型多样且难易搭配合理，考查要点覆盖面广，试卷中的难、较难、较易和容易各难度层级试题比例维持稳定。通过创新选择题设问方式及优化干扰项设置等方式，稳步提升试题质量。

　　三是体现时代性，确保公平性。充分考虑高考延期的考情和考生复习备考的学情，在稳定试卷结构和控制试卷难度的基础上，体现时代性，确保公平性。全国I卷七选五语篇有关自我接受话题，倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度；全国I卷书面表达要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题写一篇短文，引导学生关注身边平凡而又伟大的人物。各套试卷中提到的不愿对孩子撒谎的父亲、与岳母同住一栋楼房的年轻人、在海岛植树几十年的主人公以及对顾客保持微笑的店员等人物形象都向学生传递着深深的暖意和满满的正能量。

　　2020年高考英语全国卷试题在稳定中求发展，强调关键能力考查，体现时代特征，严格控制试卷难度，充分体现高考评价体系的要求，为推进高考综合改革和高考考试内容改革打下了坚实的基础。
高考英语需要：技巧+方法+心态
一、技巧篇
1、充分利用历年真题
历年真题中包含了大纲上的所有的单词，精读真题，深入分析每一篇文章的难句结构、段落结构、熟悉高频词等是你提高阅读水平的捷径，做真题时出现的错题能帮助你更好的了解命题者的思路。反复地看、听，多遍地做真题，读懂吃透真题，掐准时间做真题，把真题的作用发挥到极致!
2. 各类题型答题技巧
①听力
在每段录音开始前，快速读完选项，预测可能选择的答案，再集中精力听，答案准确率就会提高;对于出现的人名、地名、日期、数字等关键词要特别仔细倾听;如果有一道题没听清楚，那就接着听下一个，不要因为这一道题而影响了下面的答题;短文的首句和首段一定要注意抓听;因为各题之间停顿时间短，考生在选择答案时要果断，切记患得患失。
②阅读
看看段首句是什么，抓住文章最重要的段落，这些都非常关键;先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题，这样针对性强，节省答题时间;遇到不认识的单词或看不懂的句子，根据上下文猜测其意，猜不出的话，就先跳过，继续读下去，因为一些疑难点往往会在下文中得到解决;平时做阅读练习时要限时阅读，合理分配每篇文章的阅读时间，限制在每篇阅读6-7分钟。
③写作
背常用的段首段尾句;使用倒装句、感叹句、强调句等使老师眼前一亮的句子;将历届高考范文中亮丽的句子分话题积累;你需要熟背一些范文，每类体裁的都要有;背一些英语作文模版，不完全照搬，至少有框架了，而且背得多了，慢慢就形成自己的风格了，写起来也就自如了。
④单项填空
做题时要把题干读完、读懂;注意交际用语，有些属于习惯用法，就不要按语法来做;因为此题型所占分值不多，当你碰到个别难题时，别花太多时间;建立“错题本”，“吃一堑，长一智”，能从做的错题中得到启发，从而不再犯类似的错误。
⑤完形填空
考生先快速通读一遍全文，把握全文大意;空格前后的语境，要仔细琢磨，注意上下文之间的联系，预测可能出现的答案;识别词组、短语的搭配;切忌解题速度过慢。一般的解题速度是每分钟2道题左右为宜;全部做完后，再通读一遍，正好再仔细检查一遍，看有没有错误。
⑥短文改错
考生要熟悉改错的方式：多词、少词、错词;先做拿准的题;添加或删除的词多为虚词;对动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词一般只是改变它的形式，很少会将其改换成另外一个词;有时孤立地分析某个句子，可能结构正确、语义通顺，但如果放到整个语篇中考虑，就会发现该句中存在不合逻辑的地方，因此一定要结合语篇进行全面分析。
二、方法篇
技巧终归是技巧。只有英语基础知识扎实，再结合实用的考试技巧，考生才有可能把高考题答好。空有技巧，不多多练习是不行的。学英语无捷径，唯有多练这个“笨”方法。
比如听力，即使知道一些具体的细节，比如时间、地点、人物、数字等需要仔细倾听，但如果平时练习听力少，肯定会听不懂，自然做不对题了。所以，考生的英语听力练习时刻不能间断，要每天听，坚持听到临考前，而且要泛听和精听相结合。泛听可以听英语广播、英文歌曲、英文电影、课文听力等等，这样做就是为了每天能磨磨耳朵。精听的话，要认真地、反复地听历年高考英语真题听力和教材上的课文等。
比如阅读，懂得一些阅读技巧也许只能助你做对几道题，但要真正提高阅读能力，进行大量的阅读才是王道。阅读时精听和泛听要相结合。泛读的话，不能仅从阅读的兴趣出发，要广泛涉猎各个领域、各种题材的文章，要能迅速抓住文章的主要信息；精读内容可以选择课文和高考真题；考生要坚持每天限时阅读。
比如写作，考生需要熟背一些范文，但终究还是要多多练习“写”。我们可以通过“改写”“扩写”“写日记”“听写”等各种形式加强写作练习。只有勤练笔头，写起作文来才会越写越顺手。
比如单项填空和改错题，就需要平时多读多背一些经典的文章或句子增强语感，语感好了，做起这些题来就会得心应手。以上的“笨”方法，其实才是最好的方法。
三、心态篇
高考既是知识技能的比拼，更是心理素质的比拼。良好的心态对于高考英语成绩的影响至关重要。长春一对一辅导小编建议考生每天制定一个英语复习计划表，做到心中有谱，就不会那么紧张了;考试成绩在这最后的冲刺阶段出现波动，要乐观面对，关键是要找出波动的原因，才能对症下药;运用积极的心理暗示，相信自己的潜能;心里烦躁，学不进去的时候，做点儿自己喜欢做的事情，散散步、听听音乐、打打球等放松放松，缓解一下压力；适当降低考试的期望值，考生反而会发挥出正常水平，甚至超长发挥，请记住：有平常心才能创佳绩!
同学们！考前这段日子，愿你们珍惜每一天，充实每一天，收获每一天。不和他人比较，自己和自己比，天天有进步，做最好的自己，高考中发挥出自己最好的水平。自己享受自己的高考精彩，自己享受自己的人生精彩。
【考前注意篇1】
高考冲刺需要有正常心态
调整心理状态和身体状态到最佳点是高考冲刺阶段最为重要的一点。在这里给考生提供一些高考心理调节的窍门。
窍门一：学点阿Q精神，学会微笑，积极进行自我心理暗示
　　高考前，很多学生由于压力过大，容易产生消极情绪，总担心考不好，对不起家长、老师和支持自己的人，整天想时间不够用，很多知识点没掌握好等。每当产生消极情绪时，考生要学会给自己一些心理暗示，例如＂我能行＂＂我会考好的＂＂我相信，只要努力了一定会取得理想的成绩，功夫不负有心人＂。人在充满信心时往往春风满面，面带笑容，昂首挺胸，走路步伐坚强有力，而人在丧失信心时往往愁眉苦脸，无精打采，步伐软绵，面带愁容。笑是使人充满信心的表现，是人内心快乐的外部表现，笑和人的信心体验是一致的，和人的自信心相互促进，自信心使人充满微笑，微笑使人更加充满信心，两者相互产生促进作用。因此，建议考生学会微笑，经常微笑。学会发自内心的微笑，信心就会在心中滋长起来。千万不要在高考前受到较多的消极暗示，那样不利于增强自信心。
窍门二：要＂头脑简单＂ ，不攀比，不迷信
备考期间，尽量不要想＂考不好怎么办？其他人会不会取笑我？父母老师会不会怪我？＂，在结果没出来之前自己吓自己，越是到备考关键时刻，越要消除杂念，要＂头脑简单＂，尽量静下心来好好复习。考生之间不要相互攀比，只要能考出自己的实际水平就意味着高考成功，攀比只能挫折自己的信心，挫伤自己高考的积极性。有些考生会因为他们听见了什么或者身体有什么感受，这些将对考生考试产生影响，形成消极暗示，影响情绪，影响信心。如听到乌鸦叫了，梦见不祥之物等，预示着高考可能会失利，其实这都是不可相信的东西，实际上不存在超自然的力量来控制考生的命运，考生的命运掌握在自己手中，高考全凭考生的学习实力和心态来决定。至于模拟考试的成绩和排名，不要太看重，更不要和别人比较，做好查漏补缺工作就行。也不要有侥幸心理，指望考试能超常发挥。
窍门三：以课本为本，查漏补缺增强实力
高考前的复习要以课本为本，对照每一科所有的课本目录，回顾每一章节的学习内容，看看哪些内容已经彻底掌握，哪些内容还需好好复习一下。对于模棱两可的知识点要重点学习，对于非常陌生的知识点就不要花费太多时间。考生信心是建立在实力基础上的，只有考生有实力高考才会有信心。因此，考生在备考冲刺阶段要根据自己的情况建立知识的网络体系，查漏补缺，以增强自身的实力，这样就有利于增强考生的信心。信心越足，压力越小。
窍门四：学会减压，多交流，先做容易题
不少考生当高考信心不足的时候，把自己的心事憋在心里。其实，这个时候最好主动与同学、朋友，老师、家长多交流，把自己的心里话说出来、把自己内心的苦衷倾诉出来就会得到心理上压力的释放。老师、同学、家长会给你安慰，鼓励和支持，这有助于改变信心不足的状态。建议考生在信心不足的时候，摆正心态，看看那些高考状元们介绍经验的文章，他们是怎么在没有信心的状态下从挫折中走出来的，对考生解决信心问题会很有好处。在考场上，如信心不足，可根据高考试卷特点（30%的容易题，50%的中等题，20%的难题）先做容易题，因为一般情况下绝大部分容易题考生都会做出来的，这样就会增强你的信心。
窍门五：量体裁衣，订立适当的高考目标
考前定目标，是不少学生要做的一件事，但要量体裁衣，订立适当的高考目标，考生要根据自己高三以来的考试成绩，实事求是地评估自己的学习实力，确定自己的高考目标。考生如果把高考目标定得过高就会为难以达到目标而产生考试焦虑，影响考试发挥，考生把高考目标定的太低也会影响自己潜能的发挥。
窍门六：调好生物钟和身体状态
在最后冲刺阶段，不要轻易改变自己的作息时间表。作息要规律，保证良好的睡眠。对于习惯挑灯夜战的学生而言，晚上学习时间应适度缩短一点，避免长时间熬夜以及打疲劳战。如果考生之前是晚上一两点睡觉，现在可适度调整到十二点左右。很多考生搞疲劳战术，学习时间很长，特别是晚上学到一两点，这样就会使自己精疲力竭，使自己第二天无精打采，这种疲劳烦躁的心情会使人信心减弱。考生安排好作息时间，有计划有步骤地学习，既重视学习时间又重视学习效率，这样考生就有一种生物节奏感与心理节奏感，就有利于增强信心，减轻压力。
窍门七：合理调动自己的潜能
1. 科学用脑
（1）看、听、读、做（题）交替进行；
（2）学习一段时间后，适当休息一下。
2. 按照记忆规律和生物节律来组织复习
（1）集中复习：就是集中一段时间一下子重复学习许多次。
（2）分散复习：适宜在复习内容难、缺乏兴趣、容易疲劳时使用。
（3）间隔复习：遗忘的规律是先快后慢，所以要注意间隔复习，间隔时间先短后长。
（4）生物节律：精力充沛时用来复习有难度的部分;轻微疲劳时，用来复习容易的部分。
（5）过度学习：一个人要掌握所学的知识，一定要经常提醒自己通过反复练习，才能得到巩固。复习量达到150％时，记忆效果最好。
（6）尝试背诵：边阅读边背诵，阅读与背诵交替进行，效果好于单纯阅读。
3.讲究目标策略
根据自己各科的基础和学习现状，制定相应的分数目标，有策略地复习。
4.认清自己的学习风格
明白每个人的学习风格不一样，不要盲目与他人比较，制定适合自己的复习计划最重要。有的人是视觉型，有的人是听觉型，有的人是感觉型。视觉型的人往往对图像的记忆最好，而听觉型的人对声音的记忆和理解最深刻，感觉型的人对温度等可触可感的内容记忆最佳。如何知道自己是哪个知觉类型呢？比如，我说＂咖啡＂，你想到的是什么呢？是一杯冲好的冒着热气的咖啡的景象；还是你倒咖啡时那种轻轻流动的声音呢？或是你喝咖啡时的嘴唇吧嗒的声响呢？是咖啡的颜色吸引了你，还是那浓郁的香味让你陶醉呢？
如果你的脑海里首先出现的是一幅景象，你的眼球是往上动，那么你就是视觉特征的人；如果你脑海中首先出现的某种声音，你的眼球是直视前方，那么你就是听觉型的人；如果你的脑海中首先出现的是某种感觉，眼球是向下，那么你就是感觉型的人。视觉型的人最好的复习方法就是让复习的内容可视化，将复习内容转换成图像，这样就可以很快的记忆下来。听觉型的人最好的复习方法就是将复习的内容转换成声音，通过出声的朗读来加强记忆。感觉型的人就可以通过增添复习内容的可感性来强化记忆。
5.必要时借用外力：向他人请教。
6.充分利用零碎时间：如走路时、睡着前用来记忆或回忆单词、公式等需背诵的知识等。
让每天都成功。也许我们偶尔会失败，甚至想放弃，但这一切都不重要，因为这一切终究会过去。生活每天都是新的，今天我们将度过一个全新的一天！
【考前注意篇2】
高考生考前考中的心态调整
 当今开展的全民科学素质网络竞赛活动，总共8个选择题，经过几天的参与，遇到以下两种情况，特写出来用于高考考生的心态调整。
  1、 7 / 8 心态
  如果8个选择，做对7个，成绩也算可以了。但仔细分析这一数据，与满分却存在天壤之别。做对8个是零失误，相当于画了一个完美的圆；做对7个得分率是87.5%，这一个圆还有1/8的缺口，差别非常大。
  三轮复习，通过考试就是为了找出那1/8的失误与不足，只有找出了不足并及时补上，才能不断的向满分靠近，不断提升自己的水平。
  2、 满分心态
  “这场考我一定要拿满分”，学生带着这样的心态参加考试一定要输，希望越大失望越大。这8个选择如果你抱着拿满分的心态去做，当把前7个都做对，在做第8个的时候，一定是“鸭梨山大”，唯恐做不对，唯恐犯错误，唯恐得不到满分，结果往往事与愿违。反之，如果以平静的心态、以试试看的心态去面对，做错很正常，做对是赚的，这样极有可能做对。
  三轮考试包括高考，不要认为自己就应该做对，必须要克服满分心态，不要自我加压，正常发挥就是胜利。要把心态摆正，做对就是赚的。
高考最后几天，该做些什么？
可以从智力因素与非智力因素两个层面去进行。
从智力因素层面考虑：
一、看试卷和做过的错题，反思和总结解题方法，规范思维模式。
最后几天，除了老师发的信息卷之外，同学们不要再自己找题做了。此时应该把每科以前做过的试卷和错题拿出来反复看，回味解题思路和方法，让自己形成正确的思维模式。时间越短，越不能浪费，越需要聚焦和投入，这时候学习的方向和方法至关重要。提分的方向，来自高考模拟试卷和真题，经过模拟练习你已经知道自己的大概分数了，现在从试卷中找出能提分的知识点和题型，根据其对应的分值和难易程度进行区分，从你觉得最容易的知识点和题型入手，逐步解决了这些难题后，你的分数自然就能提高了。
　 ＂最后十天，考生应从多背单词、熟悉英语语境着手，保持良好的状态。＂这是华师一附中李老师给广大考生提出的应考前建议。
Ø 单词错题要复习
　　基本词汇是应考的根本。考生这几天仍需抽出时间温习单词，熟悉它的拼写、意义和用法。特别是不规则动词表一定要背下来，这在考试中一定会涉及。
　　考生平时积累的错题集在这个时候可以派上用场了，有时间就要拿出来熟记、分析，加深对错题的印象，以弥补自己的知识缺陷和技能缺陷。
Ø 阅读听力要继续
　　每天应该保持20分钟的听力训练。李老师说，英语学习必须要有一个持续的语言环境，几天不练就会生疏，考试时的反应就会变迟缓。
　　同样，如果几天不进行英语阅读的话，阅读速度和理解能力也会大大下降，因此在冲刺阶段也不能放下英语文章的阅读，适量地做一些完形填空、阅读理解和短文改错题，保持对英语的语感。
这段时间还要加强书面表达的练习，各种体裁、题材的英语短文最好都写上1—2篇，进一步熟悉写作技巧。这也可以积累一些语言表达方式和习惯表达法，在考试中派上用场。  
二、记录易错点、整理重难点、做好考前笔记，为轻装上阵做准备。
即使是6月6号，同学们也要看看书。考前看点东西能让自己更踏实。那么，到时看什么呢？总不能还抱着一大摞课本看吧？要想到时候轻装上阵，同学们这几天可以做个临时笔记。把各科的易错点、重难点、主要题型的解题流程、关键提醒、应试技巧……等都记录下来，到时候，只需要翻看这个记录即可。当别人拿着一摞书，茫然不知所措时，你却拥有这样一个省时省力又省心的考前＂利器＂，既轻松又可靠，岂不帅哉！无论你平时的成绩如何，通过这种方式每科你都至少能够提高10—20分，这样总分就能提高30—60分。考前几天学习资料也不要再贪多，依靠模拟试卷和一轮总复习讲义，回到基础题目上，保证基础题目和平时会的知识点考试时不会失分。以上这些都做到以后，试卷中剩余部分的题型你可以结合平时所积累的知识和解题技能各个击破。这是冲刺阶段快速提分的最有效途径。
三、规范解题，避免丢分　　
　　解题不规范是学生考试丢分最重要的原因之一。有些学生平时基础比较好，但考试成绩却总达不到自己的预期，很大程度上就是因为没有按照标准步骤解题，造成了不必要失分。还有些学生，将丢分原因归结为粗心，其实也是在解题规范上出了问题。实践证明，良好、规范的解题习惯不仅能大大提高做题正确率，也能帮助你理顺思路、提高做题效率。那么，怎样才能做到规范解题呢？
　　一是专注于笔尖。细想一下，为什么会将＂1+1＂的结果写成＂3＂呢？原因很简单，很多学生在写第3行时，脑子里就已经开始想第5行、第6行甚至是下一道题了。思路没有专注于笔尖，写错就很自然了。因此，良好的解题规范首先在于笔尖要写什么，脑子就想什么。
二是先想而后写。为了达到较高的做题速度、做题效率，还需要做到：落笔之前，先将思路理清楚，然后一气呵成。事实上，凡是高考高分试卷，极少能看到有很多涂涂改改、思路不清、表达混乱的情况。
　　三是培养良好的解题习惯。高考最后的冲刺阶段，会有大量的模拟训练，如果因为解题不规范而造成不必要失分，势必会形成较大的心理压力。因此，我们建议，考生做每道大题时，都要严格按照＂标准步骤＂解题，培养良好的解题习惯，避免在高考时出现低级失误。
从非智力因素层面考虑：
一、保持身体健康，身心愉快，为高考储备能量。
　　最后几天千万不要生病，以免影响考试时的正常发挥，更别提超常发挥了。这就要求同学们在生活上注意不要用冷水洗头、洗澡；不吃垃圾食品和生冷食品；不做剧烈的、有风险性的运动，不要与他人发生矛盾……要保持身心愉快。
二、应考策略：扬长避短、坚信自己能超常发挥。
    　高一、高二两年都没治好的跛腿学科，最后几天也不要在其上花费过多的时间了。正确的做法和想法应该是：把优势学科考好，让跛腿学科少丢分。之前的学习可能一直都比较轻视优势学科，最后关头要转变思想，要靠＂好兄弟＂出力做贡献。还要坚信自己高考能超常发挥。每一个学生首先都要坚信自己高考可以超常发挥，考出自己最好的成绩。有信心不一定能行，但没有信心一定不行。
三、按照高考时的作息时间作息。
将自己的最佳状态调整到上午和下午的考试时间。调整的方法是临考准备阶段，坚持晚上11点前睡觉，早上6点准时起床，中午睡30分钟或1个小时。考生最好选择午睡，因为中午睡10分钟相当于晚上半个小时甚至一个小时的深度睡眠。午睡可以彻底消除上午的疲劳，从而保证整个下午高效的学习。
四、保持良好的心态。
       这是第一因素也是至关重要的，人只有在空闲时才会胡思乱想，如果有事情做是不会有时间乱想的。一旦你因为自己目前的成绩不理想，时间紧迫，产生压力时，就会胡思乱想，整天胡思乱想怎么会有时间和精力去学习呢？这样下去心态会越来越糟糕。所以，要想让心态正常化，最好的方式就是不管三七二十一地学下去，要让自己有事儿可干，哪怕是寻找和未来相关的信息都比什么都不干好，我不建议你虚度光阴——玩游戏、看小说更要不得，人只有在逃避空虚的时候才会让自己进入虚拟社会，但不管如何最终我们还是得回到现实社会。谁都会经历困难，成功的人比我们经受的煎熬更多，但在关键时刻他们挺过来了，坚持下去了。正如歌中所唱：＂不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。＂三年的时间都坚持下来了，还在乎这最后的十天半个月吗？一步一个脚印地往前走，再长的路，只要你坚持走下去，都会有走完的那一天。能否在最后阶段证明自己，能否实现提分，根本上还在于你能否坚持学下去。那些成功的人之所以能成功也许只是在关键阶段比我们多走了一步。遇到困难和挫折时，要先思考问题出在哪里，然后再想方设法地解决问题，而不能一遇到问题就退缩，就想放弃。唯有坚持，才能出成绩。这个世界上永恒不变的一个道理是天道酬勤，成功来自坚持！







考 场 技 巧 篇
【考场技巧篇1】
做好技术准备，决胜高考考场
1.准备好考试用的笔
准备一支考试用笔，并用这支笔每天做练习，培养你和它的感情，达到＂人笔合一＂的境界。
2.准备一件自己喜欢的、颜色亮丽一点的衣服
每个人走进考场时都会紧张，如果衣服再穿得不舒服，紧了、厚了或者薄了，都会影响我们的情绪，加剧我们的紧张感。
其次，颜色对于心情的调节是有一定的作用的，尤其颜色对大脑的刺激作用是很明显的。要不然为什么病房都用蓝色系而不用红色系呢？道理就是颜色能刺激大脑以及神经细胞。因此，选择一件合适的衣服在一定程度上有助于缓解高考紧张的情绪。
3.调整自己的生物钟
高考的时间是特定的，我们要学会将自己的兴奋点提到与高考时间相吻合的时段。这就像运动员在比赛前热身一样。
4.消除紧张
每一个考生走进考场时都会有不同程度的紧张感，有的手心出汗、有的全身发抖、有的想上厕所等，下面给大家介绍一些缓解紧张情绪的有效方法：
（1）带一瓶矿泉水，或者湿纸巾，在手心、额头等处擦拭；
（2）去卫生间用冷水轻轻地拍打面部，然后整理好自己的仪态；
（3）原地望远做深呼吸运动：双目远眺，两脚打开，与肩膀同宽，双手轻轻抬起与地面平行并吸气，动作到位后缓慢放下，呼气。
（4）原地运动。动，是克服紧张的最好办法。因此，考生要针对自己平时考场出现的紧张症状做一些心理调节和方法的练习。这样高考的时候就知道如何缓解紧张了。
5.消除不良心理暗示
有的同学有消极的心理暗示，了解自己有这种情况的同学不妨准备一个幸运小挂件佩戴在脖子上。或者提前在墙上等张贴你最喜欢的、感觉能带给你好运的画像、物件等，出门的时候，向它祈福，相信它一定会带给你好运。
6.考场忠告
忠告一：调节身心
这一点很重要。由于英语考试是在下午进行，所以考生一定要学会适应在下午3点—5点之间进行英语思维，并产生兴奋点。另外中午一定要午休。
忠告二：注意听力
考生拿到试卷并填好姓名和考号后，不要过多地看后面的试题，应该迅速将注意力集中到听力试题上，将题目及选项都阅读一遍，这样做的好处在于对听力考试的内容有所了解，有目的地听，也就更容易听懂。
忠告三：思考全面
做阅读理解题时，如果要阅读的文章篇幅很长，考生不妨先看看文章后面的问题及选项，然后带着这些问题去阅读，这样会大大提高阅读的效率和准确性。同样，完形填空不能见空就填，一定要多方位、多角度地去想一想，从整体上去理解文章所要表达的意思。
忠告四：要点要全
作文是英语考试中最灵活的一道题。它跟语文的作文不太一样，一般都会给出一些固定的提示语，并要求将这些提示语写进文章中，要点不全则难得高分。考生最好是选择自己熟悉的表达方式进行写作，注意正确使用时态和人称。碰到不会写的单词，可以用自己会写的词绕个弯地表达出来。高考考查的不仅是考生的知识水平，更是对考生综合能力的考查。单个考生的失利可能是失在知识的掌握上，也可能失在答卷的策略和技巧上，还可能失在心态上，这其中任何一个环节都是成功的必要保证，不可忽视。
忠告五：心态策略：良好的心态是高考成功的一半
   克服六种不良心态：
1.偏急心态。为了抢时间，刚拿到试题，没有审清题目就慌忙答题，这种心态称作偏急心态。正确的做法是：拿到试题，先浏览一遍，做到心中有数。每一题都不要急于动手，先看清题设条件，挖掘隐晦信息。根据条件，有计划、有步骤地进行解题。
2.犹豫心态。刚一接触到试题，好像就有不少思路，但每一种思路又都感到模糊朦胧，不知如何是好，犹豫不定，迟迟下不了笔，此谓犹豫心态。正确做法：仔细分析题目，选取适合的思路，进行解答。
3.烦躁心态。经过几次尝试仍不得其解，心情烦躁不安，再尝试，再失败，烦躁更甚。这种烦躁心态，堵塞了思路，妨碍了正常水平的发挥。正确做法：静下心，不急躁，将这个题目打上记号暂时放一边，继续做下面的题目。
4.固执心态。考试时，久攻不下的试题，又不愿意放弃，也不愿意转换思考角度，苦思冥想，徒然浪费时间，此谓固执心态。正确的做法：遇到事情要想开，不要一条路走到黑，更不要为了个芝麻丢掉了大西瓜。
5.懊丧心态。考试时，有的试题久攻不下，不得不放弃时，出现一种惋惜心理，形成懊丧心态。正确做法：来点＂阿Q精神＂，可以观察一下周围的考生，认定＂我难他们也难＂＂我没有做出来的题目他们估计也做不出＂。
6.冲动心态。在经过多次尝试后，忽然来了灵感，豁然开朗，心情异常兴奋，思维失控，产生冲动心态。正确做法：告诫自己必须冷静，不要被胜利冲昏头脑。
越是临近高考，心态的调节就越重要，因此可以说，调节好心态是高考成功的一半。概括为16个字：强化信心，优化情绪，进入状态，充分发挥。
忠告五：掌握基本的答题技巧
　　考生们进入考场后，在高度紧张的情况下，特别容易慌乱，有时候面对着试卷却不知道该从哪里下手，或者答题过程中有所疏漏。因此掌握好答题技巧，明确答题过程的步骤，有助于考生顺利进入考试状态，避免失误。
第一，明确答卷的要求
　　拿到考卷后，不要急于下笔答题，要先将试卷的要求看清楚，并按规定填好姓名、学校、准考证号码等内容，填完最好确认一遍再答题。其实，这个过程是一个积极调整心态的时机，考生可以使自己平静下来，保持头脑清晰再开始答题。对于每道题要明确填涂的要求，以免造成不必要的丢分。
第二，安排好答题顺序，先易后难
　　简单的题目分值通常较低，考生容易不重视，他们往往喜欢先做分值较大的题，希望能够拿到最多的分数。然而分值越大的题目，难度也越高。一开始考试就做难题的话，解答顺利的话还好，万一做不出来，不仅耽误了时间，更容易引起紧张情绪、造成慌乱。容易的题目虽然分值较小，但是累计起来也占了不小的分数比例，所以应该重视。如果从容易的题目做起，并顺利地完成，一方面能让考生找到解题的感觉，另外一方面也能增强考生的自信心，从而有助于完成难度较高的题目。先易后难的答卷法有两种，一种是照着试卷的顺序答题，试卷的编排一般都是遵循从易到难的；另一种是在通读试卷之后，根据自己的实际情况，按难易程度安排答题顺序。
第三，合理控制答题时间
　　考试都有严格的时间控制，既考准确性又考速度。在考试中，经常出现的情况是，中间有某道题答不出来，耽误了大量的时间，以致没有时间做后面的题目。最合理的就是根据题目数量和难易程度，给每道题分配好时间。例如一道题的时间是15分钟，在15分钟之内做不出来的话，就要先跳过它继续做后面的题。全部做完以后再用剩余的时间回过头来做这道题。说不定在后面的解题过程中，会忽然想起这道题的解题思路。另外，如果最后的时间确实不够了，千万不要气馁放弃，要抱着＂能做多少是多少＂的心态，千万不要让某些题空着不答，即便是写上一两句，有时也能够拿到关键的几分。最后，不要提前交卷，无论剩余多少时间，都要用来检查试卷。
总之，高考就是你们走进战场的时刻，做好一切准备是保证胜利的充分必要条件。衷心地祝大家心想事成。

【考场技巧篇2】
＂战略＂上藐视，＂战术＂上重视
——考试过程中考生应如何沉着应试
高考在即，对高考应采取在＂战略＂上藐视，在＂战术＂上重视的策略。
在＂战略＂上藐视，就是要像对待平常考试一样对待高考，不要紧张，不要害怕，从容镇定地答题。在＂战术＂上重视，就是要严肃认真地对待高考，以坚韧不拔的毅力、顽强拼搏的精神，一题一题地做，一分一分地拿，不轻易放过一分，做到胜不骄、败不馁、勇往直前。
具体要注意以下几个方面：
1.拿到试卷后，先填好信息栏，将准考证号、姓名填在密封线以内。
从进入考场到开考一般有一段时间，这时应当安定情绪使自己尽早地进入考试状态。可以这样做：在草稿纸上写出自己应当注意的事项、时间安排、该科的公式与方程式等，但是要注意尽量写得小一些、集中一些，要节省草稿纸。
2.答题之前，先将试卷浏览一遍。
了解全卷共几页、有多少题、各占多少分、难易程度如何等，使自己对试卷有个大致了解，然后合理地安排答题时间，按顺序一一作答。这样的做法较为主动，具体来讲：一定要先做选择题，做完后马上涂答题卡。第二卷的大题一般也要从前到后，因为试卷的整体难度是先易后难的。在做大题时，第一问往往是比较容易的，但是又非常关键，题目越难第一问就越关键，它往往是解答后面几问的方法提示，是＂敲门砖＂＂金钥匙＂。因此第一问的分析、计算、解答必须小心谨慎，如果第一步出错，后面往往就步步皆错了。
3.答题时，先易后难。
首先做那些自己有把握做对的题目。要集中精力，先将这部分＂拿得准＂的题目做好，这样心里就会踏实一些。第二步，做那些基本能做但无十分把握的题目。对这部分＂力争＂的题目，只要定下心来，认真仔细地去做，也不难完成。对个别难题，一定要放到最后去做，千万不要因为一道难题耽误了答题时间，甚至影响到全局。考生在顺利完成简单题和中档题后，心里就有底了，情绪也比开始轻松多了，答题思路也较之前清晰了，这样再全力以赴攻克剩余的难题，也就更容易成功。即使不能全部做出来，也要争取多做出几步，尽可能多得分。
4.认真审题。
有的考生接到试卷后，匆忙解答，当解不下去时，才发现看错了题，只好涂掉，重新再做一次，时间浪费了很多，真是欲速则不达。因此，在答题时必须将已知条件、求解要求等全部内容逐字看清楚后，方可作答。对似曾相识的题目，更不能马虎大意，不能想当然地按照原题思路答题。具体来讲：一卷、二卷就是草稿纸。对于选择题，可以把关键词、要点、要求、小数点、加＂·＂的地方等全部画出来，就近计算，及时记录结果；对于第二卷，也可以把关键词、关键点、要点、要求、小数点、加＂·＂的部分醒目地标出，防止遗漏条件，便于集中精力找联系。特别是做第一问时，数据、公式、要求、条件等一定要看清楚后再进行计算。
5.答题要在准确的基础上求快。
看准题目后，要力求解答问题准确无误，不仅要做到思路对、方法对，还要做到每一步推理正确、计算准确、格式规范、书写工整、字迹清晰。有少数考生，拿到试卷后就开始发慌，总担心题目做不完，于是就急急忙忙地解题，结果是许多会做的题目也做错了。因此，答题时不要过分紧张，在准确的基础上，再争取时间。考生也要适当提高答题的速度，以免造成会做的题目也做不完。在答题时要坚信自己的能力，要果断、不要犹豫。对于不会做的题目，不要耗费太多时间。若时间来不及了，就坚决放弃这类题目，把自己的时间和精力放在会做的题目上，争取多得分。高考面前人人平等，有不会做的题也是正常的，别人有可能也不会做，因此不必为此过分紧张，只要抓住基础部分你就成功了一大半。
6.检查和验算。
只要时间许可，一定要认真地将试题答案从头到尾检查和验算一遍。其目的有两个：一是防止遗漏。主要是看一看有无漏做的题目，先看试卷背面有无题目未做，再看试卷的大题是否漏做，每个大题中的小题是否漏做。二是检查并纠正错误答案。检查要从审题开始，如果只看过程往往发现不了错误。如发现有题目做错，要将错误答案划去，然后将正确答案写在原题旁边。
7.正确使用草稿纸。
草稿纸上的字迹要清楚，标明题号，以备最后检查用；一道题打好草稿后，应立即准确无误地抄写到试卷上。有些题目，如果有把握，直接答到试卷上，这样可以加快答卷的速度。
8.每门功课考完后，不必马上和其他同学对答案。
很多考生考试结束后就立刻和同学对答案，这样难免会影响自己的情绪。考得好的，切不可自满。即使这一科考得不够理想，也不要烦恼和急躁，更不能一蹶不振，而应振作精神，分析学科共性的问题，争取把下一科目考好。

高考指导——英语歌
江西临川一中特级教师 廖晓林
考试期间多休息，调整作息生物钟。
考前物品准备齐，熟悉考场与考纪。
头天晚上要复习，重在宝典错题集。
英语考试在下午， 午休调整加听力。
提前到达等入场， 文具证件一并齐。
满怀信心进考场， 不必紧张侃大山。
消除紧张有妙法， 静坐缓慢深呼吸。
试卷发下要检查， 缺页有误及时换。
姓名考号仔细填， 认真涂写答题卡。
抓紧预测看听力， 有的放矢难变易。
听时集中别恐惧， 圈点比划细作答。
关键词语须速记， 符号数字来代替。
个别词句没听清， 不必在意继续听。
录音放完查答案， 准确填涂答题卡。
笔试审题是关键， 欲速不达别急躁。
单项考点分布广， 词汇语法和交际。
题干左右须逢源， 抓住信息是关键。
补全化简还原法， 意群逆向思维法。
转换语境排除法， 兼顾文意与搭配。
逐步缩小包围圈， 去伪存真把错歼。
完形填空考能力， 通读短文知大意。
抓住文章主题句， 围绕主线慢深入。
注重短文思想性， 兼顾文意兼语法。
牢记解题十六诀， 运用得当得高分。
上下通气左右顾， 前后照应首尾接。
逐题逐空细推敲， 不定答案带入文。
借助语感与预感， 复查一遍有必要。
阅读理解分值高， 命题意图居首位。
作者用意与主旨， 仔细推断细对比。
通读全文知大意， 务必找到中心句。
生词解决有办法， 前缀后缀合成词。
猜测词义找诀窍， 解释对比上下文。
转折因果加递进， 兼顾词性和语境。
难句长句复合句， 把握结构关键词。
重视引导起始词， 补全添加省略句。
隐含细节抓信息， 由表及里抓本质。
排除干扰拨迷雾， 柳暗花明又一村。
答非所问不对题， 张冠李戴偷概念。
以偏概全为隐患， 主旨态度首尾句。
围绕各段中心词， 循序渐进得中心。
阅读重在考能力， 切忌死钻牛角尖。
主观臆断不可取， 兼顾题干与选项。
特别提醒考生记， 选项排列有特点。
单选比例三四五， 完形规律四五六。
阅读四五五六边， 重复选项仅有二。
A、B选项相对多，其他排列不均匀。
短文改错有规律， 命题思路有规则。
实词为主兼介词， 功能语境须注重。
词语、词义、词性，语境语法重拼写。
做题方法整分整，段句行到行句段。
注重名词单复数，把握全文时语态。
人称性格加连词，词性位置兼搭配。
书面表达为客观， 审列组写查五诀。
把握内容和要点， 注重人称与时态。
运用格式加句式， 简单并列复合句。
主题支持结论句， 过渡连贯高品位。
好词佳句合情理， 阅卷心理需把握。
书写整洁快齐准， 字迹大小要合适。
标点符号大小写， 切记禁用中文字。
注意词数和提示， 详略得当见文体。
检查重在丢漏误， 漏网之鱼要擒拿。
逆向思维和联想， 有的放矢显成效。
人难我难不畏难， 人易我易不大意。
易题确保难题争， 有条不紊易到难。
涂卡认真加仔细， 前功尽弃悔莫及。
沉着冷静与乐观， 心态+方法=成功！
有志者事竟成！冲刺阶段，我们要全力提速而不能松劲儿！态度决定命运，细节决定成败。今日寒窗苦读，必定有我；明朝独占鳌头，舍我其谁？最后，让我们努力去战胜高考吧！

















考 后 心 理 篇
【考后心理篇1】
7种方法可以舒缓考生大考后的心理压力
给高考考生提供7种舒缓心理的方法，大家不妨一试：
方法一 转移思路法：离开令人不快的情境，转移到高兴的情景或事情上，做自己喜欢做的事，如打球、听音乐、和朋友聊天等，忘却烦恼。
方法二 亲近动植物法：走近大自然，与动植物亲密接触，让植物的生机盎然、动物的顽皮可爱来感染自己，排遣心中的烦恼，改变自己的阴郁心情。
方法三 谈心法：把心里的郁闷或牢骚倾诉于自己最亲密和信赖的人。这种谈心可以采取面对面的方式，也可以通过书信的方式。有时候，自己的一些想法可能是错误的，朋友的一番话可能会让你有＂柳暗花明又一村＂的感觉。
方法四 自我暗示法：不妨经常对自己说＂我能行＂。只要有自信，任何人或事都不能使你自卑。
方法五日记法：把内心的痛苦尽情地宣泄在日记中，别人也不会知道。慢慢自己的心就会平静下来！
方法六补偿升华法：以其他方面的成功（例如学得某种专长）补偿高考失败造成的痛苦；把不良情绪导向积极方面，通过做出突出成绩化解心理矛盾，获得心理平衡。
方法七 宣泄放松法：把积压在内心的消极情绪释放出来，或大声叫喊，或痛哭一场，或＂潇洒＂玩一回（当然要健康地玩），通过宣泄让心情慢慢平静下来。

【考后心理篇2】
考后提醒：高考结束适当娱乐 可以放松但不可放纵

黑色的＂789＂过去之后，你就迎来了五彩缤纷的三个月假期以及绚丽多姿的四年大学时光。接下来的这三个月，你要怎么过呢？许多考生已经有了自己的打算，不过，无论怎么安排这个暑假，都应该好好珍惜，因为，这可能是你人生中最长的一个暑假了。也许你还没想好要怎么安排，那就参考下吧。
考个驾照，有备无患
很多考生已有学车的打算，这是个很好的选择。许多驾校针对学生也有不同程度的优惠，因此，高考之后是考生考取驾照的最佳时间之一，而且开车作为一项技能，对于你将来的就业、生活等都有帮助。
锻炼身体，保持身材
高中三年，考生们的心思全花在了学习上，体育课被文化课占据，周末也很少休息。高考之后，总算有了真正属于自己的时间，于是吃喝玩乐，直呼快哉快哉，不料身材走样，体重直线上升。所以如果有条件的话，可以选择自己喜欢的一项运动，加强锻炼。或者学习一种新的运动，瑜伽、游泳等皆可。
外出旅行，长长见识
济宁一中高三（七）班的董亚宁正在着手准备去天津旅行，因为，那里有她梦想中的大学。其实，即便不是为了提前去看看以后要生活四年的大学，出门旅行也是一个度假的好方式。读万卷书，行万里路。想想高中三年，读的书何止万卷啊，可所走的路，不过是家、食堂、教学楼这三点一线。所以，趁着年轻出去看看吧，外面的世界不是一般的精彩！
睡觉聚会上网，也不能少
考完要先睡上三天三夜，这是众多考生考完后的第一想法。的确，睡觉、聚会、上网这些方式是放松的好方法。虽然不提倡考生以此打发漫漫长假，但睡觉是储备体力的重要方式，聚会是同学间联络感情的重要渠道，而上网是了解这个世界的重要窗口，所以，只要不是长时间地沉迷，家长就没必要去阻止。
温馨提示：可以放松，切不可放纵
友情提示各位考生，可以放松，但不可放纵。最好的方法是，把自己的假期分成几个阶段，每个阶段都要充分利用。出成绩之前，以释放压力、放松心情为主；出成绩之后，为填报志愿阶段，可以参加一些高招咨询会；录取结果出来后，要对自己的大学生活和将来的职业生涯进行规划，同时可以外出游玩，长长见识。假期的每一天，都要合理安排时间，并注意饮食和作息规律。


考 前 预 测 篇
【考前预测1】阅读理解
1
Terry Fox never thought he’d live a remarkable life.
He liked sports, but no one thought he was talented. During his first year in the university, he had a pain in his right knee, which was so bad that he couldn’t stand up. He went to the doctor for tests. They showed that he had cancer. He was going to lose his leg and be given an artificial one. Terry’s family and friends all gave him fantastic support. Terry said that he knew all those people really cared and helped him. He decided to face it with bravery.
One night Terry was looking through an article about Dick Traum, who also had an artificial leg and had run in the New York Marathon. “If he can do it,” thought Terry, “I can, too. In fact, I’ll run across Canada and raise money for cancer research. It will be a Marathon of Hope!”
For the next 16 months, Terry had special treatments for his cancer. And then he also began to run a little every day. Each day he ran a little farther. It is 5,300 miles across Canada. Terry hoped to run thirty to forty miles a day so that it would take him six months. Most of all, he hoped to raise $1 million for cancer research.
Because Terry had an artificial leg, running wasn’t easy or straightforward. He had to move by jumping on one foot twice and then take a long step with his real leg. Although it looked awkward, he still kept on running. His action made people join him as he ran: children, football stars, wheelchair athletes and even his brother, Darrell. As Terry ran, people waved and cheered. So much money was donated that the volunteers used large garbage bags so everyone could give.
Then, outside Thunder Bay, Ontario, Terry felt a sharp pain in his chest. The pain was from cancer; this time in his lungs. He had to abandon the Marathon after 3, 339 miles. He told the people before he left, “I won’t give up. I just hope people will continue to give money.” And they did. Just under $25 million was given.
Terry received numerous awards. At 22, he was the youngest Canadian to ever receive Canada’s highest award, the Companion of the Order of Canada.
1. What made Terry decide to run across Canada?
A. His passion for Marathon.
B. An urge to live a normal life.
C. The support of his family and friends.
D. The inspiring experience of Dick Traum.
2. People joined him when he ran mainly because ________.
A. they were moved by the scene of Terry’s running
B. they served as volunteers in the marathon
C. they considered Terry as a great hero
D. they loved running very much
3. Why did he finally stop the marathon?
A. He collected enough money for the donation.
B. His family and friends persuaded him to abandon it.
C. He got great pain in his body because of the cancer.
D. Running with the artificial leg wasn’t straightforward.
4. Which of the following words can best describe Terry?
A. Generous. B. Cooperative.
C. Determined. D. Creative.
2
A young girl, who enjoys being the center of attention, may act out for her friends and family. Then one day her mother tells her to stop being so silly and grow up. This negative attention may make the girl feel ashamed of her behavior and from then on, hold back her free-spiritedness and then go through life feeling as if she can’t fully express herself for fear of being laughed at.
The girl’s experience shows how people live with shame when they have been criticized (批评) for just being themselves.
When it comes to teenagers, there are times they can be extremely difficult and try their parents’ patience. When parents become frustrated, they may say things like “I am starting to really not like you. ” They may not mean what they say. They may just be tired of arguing with the teenager and have become emotionally overwhelmed. However, the teenager doesn’t know their words are out of frustration, and may feel his parents are telling him they’re sorry they ever had him. The child may conclude that he is a bad person. Such casual criticism by parents can linger and stick to children like glue.
How to make this better? The next time a child shows you a drawing he’s done, or sings a song for you in an effort to get your attention, recognize that your response may be extremely important toward the child’s willingness to continue to explore these creative efforts. When a child is dancing and an adult makes fun of him, the negativity he feels can completely shut the child down from that activity, or even worse, fill him with shame as if something’s wrong with him.
That is why it is so important for parents to recognize that children are exploring their world.The more encouragement we how then and he more we keep their sense of what’s possible alive, the more likely they will be to explore and find their own enthusiasm in life.
They will keep alive their joy and their dreams for the future. As parents, I don’t think we can hope for anything more.
5. How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?
A. By describing a scene.
B. By giving an explanation.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By providing an example.
6. What effect can parents’ mindless criticism have on children?
A. They may have a low opinion of themselves for long.
B. They may no longer feel afraid of being made fun of.
C. They may want to challenge their parents’ patience further.
D. They may work harder to live up to their parents’ expectations.
7. What are parents advised to do when a child seeks for attention?
A. Point out his weaknesses.
B. Protect his passion for exploration.
C. Comment on his behavior.
D. Encourage his reflection on himself.
3
Along Utah's Highway 68 in the small community of Elberta, Utah stands an industrial dome(圆屋顶). Inside is a futuristic collection of shelves, towering 25 feet tall. The dome is home to a vertical farm, which doesn't grow food for humans but for cows.
Three years ago, Lance Bateman and his three brothers agreed to be part of a pilot project that would use vertical farming to grow and feed the cows for their dairy and beef farm, Bateman Mosida Farms. Grov Technologies, an agriculture tech company in Vineyard, Utah, partnered with Batemans on the project and developed all the equipment for the vertical farm.
The brothers are now using six towers to pump out fresh wheatgrass for their herd of 20,000 cows 365 days a year. The vertical farm takes up about 857 square feet of space, but it does the work that would be required on 35 to 50 acres of land, according to Grov Technologies. Supporters claim vertical farms use 95% less water than in conventional field farming. A full harvest cycle in the Bateman's farm takes anywhere from five to seven days, starting with a tray of seeds that is carried to the top of the tower and rotated on wheels through the entire structure.
Bateman says each tower provides about 2,800 pounds of feed each day, which is only about two percent of what his cows eat in a day. His farm grows feed conventionally when it can and buys the rest. The farm is also planning to install four more towers within the next six weeks.
According to Bateman,studies conducted by Grov Technologies in 2019 found that, when the cows were fed 12-15% of the vertical farm's feed in their diets, they produced more milk or at the same pace while eating less feed overall, ultimately improving the farm's bottom line.
“A farm is an expensive venture, but I know with this facility, we can compete, especially with different climate scenarios(说明）across the world,”he says. “I believe this will make farming available in areas where it hasn't been able to happen. ”
8. What's the purpose of the writer by writing the second paragraph?
A. To describe how the vertical farm works.
B. To value the history of the vertical farm.
C. To show the structure of the vertical farm.
D. To explain how the vertical farm came into being.
9. What can we learn about the vertical farm according to the passage?
A. It has replaced conventional farming.
B. It needs more acres of land to work.
C. It is water-conserving and efficient.
D. It is relatively easy to maintain.
10. How much feed is needed daily for all the cows on the farm?
A. 70,000 pounds. B. 72,800 pounds. C. 140,000 pounds. D. 142,800 pounds.
11. What is mainly implied in Bateman's words in the last paragraph?
A. Vertical farming has a promising future.
B. Vertical farming remains to be improved.
C. Competition is usually an expensive venture.
D. Farming won't happen with climate scenarios.
4
The moon may hold water in more places and in larger amounts than scientists have suggested in the past. The finding is based on two studies published in Nature Astronomy — that examined new data from the U.S. space agency NASA. Until about 10 years ago. scientists believed the moon was mostly dry. Then, a series of findings provided evidence that water ice was widespread in small amounts on parts of the moon. The ice was thought to be in areas permanently blocked from sunlight.
But in one of the new studies. NASA said it was able to validate the presence of water molecules (分子) on sunlit parts of the lunar surface. The space agency says the identification came from data collected by its SOFIA airborne observatory equipped with a powerful telescope. The research was led by Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. Scientists have suggested the source of the water may have been comets (彗星), asteroids (小行星), solar wind or interplanetary dust. The new research provides evidence that the water may be surviving on sunlit lunar surfaces because it is attached to minerals.
The second study centered on so-called "cold traps" on the moon. These are areas of the lunar surface that exist in a state of permanent darkness where temperatures are below about minus 160 degrees Celsius. Scientists say temperatures this cold can hold frozen water for billions of years.
Planetary scientist Paul Hayne of the University of Colorado Boulder led the research on cold traps. He said likely "tens of billions" of traps. Hayne's team says the new research suggests more than 40,000 square kilometres of the moon's surface may have the ability to trap water in the form office. That figure is 20 percent bigger than predicted in the past, Hayne said.
Jacob Bleacher is the chief exploration scientist for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. He told reporters the agency believes it is very important to find out more about where the water comes from and how accessible it is.
12. Which word can replace the underlined word "validate" in paragraph 3?
A. Deny. B. Confirm. C. Observe. D. Control.
13. What can we learn about cold traps?
A. There's much moving water there.
B. They exist for a relatively short time.
C. The temperature is extremely low there.
D. They are on the sunlit part of the lunar surface.
14. What may the future research focus on?
A. How water is attached to minerals. B. How much water is on the lunar surface.
C. How cold traps take shape. D. How to make use of the water.
15. What does the author intend to tell in the text?
A. Moon holds more water than expected.
B. Scientists found cold traps on the lunar surface.
C. Water is found to exist on the moon.
D. NASA's exploration of the moon is under way.
5
A robot with a sense of touch may one day feel “pain”, both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions. Such touchy-feely robots are still far off, but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality.
Sensors set in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This artificial “pain nervous system,” as Asada calls it, may be a small building block for a machine that could ultimately experience pain. Such a feeling might also allow a robot to “sympathize” with a human companion’s suffering.
Asada, an engineer at Osaka University, and his colleagues have designed touch sensors that reliably pick up a range of touches. In a robot system named Affetto, a realistic looking child’s head, these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions.
A touch-sensitive, soft material, as opposed to a rigid metal surface, allows richer interactions between a machine and the world, says neuroscientist Kingson Man of the University of Southern California. Artificial skin “allows the possibility of engagement in truly intelligent ways”.
Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead to robots that can recognize the pain of others, a valuable skill for robots designed to help care for people in need, the elderly, for instance.
But there is an important distinction between a robot that responds in a predictable way to a painful strike and a robot that’s able to compute an internal feeling accurately, says Damasio, a neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California. A robot with sensors that can detect touch and pain is “along the lines of having a robot, for example, that smiles when you talk to it,” Damasio says. ‘It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.” While that’s an interesting development, “it’s not the same thing” as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience, he says.
16. What do we know about the “pain nervous system”?
A. It is named Affetto by scientists. B. It is a set of complicated sensors.
C. It is able to signal different emotions. D. It combines sensors and artificial skin.
17. What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Delivered. B. Translated. C. Attached. D. Adapted.
18. What does Damasio consider as an interesting development?
A. Robots can smile when talked to.
B. Robots can talk to human beings.
C. Robots can compute internal feelings
D. Robots can detect pains and respond accordingly.
19. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Machines Become Emotional B. Robots Inch to Feeling Pain
C. Human Feelings Can Be Felt D. New Devices Touch Your Heart
参考答案
1.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Terry Fox的故事。他从没想过他会过上非同寻常的生活。他喜欢运动，但没有人认为他有天赋。然而，Terry的特殊之处在于他有决心。后来他患了癌症，装上了一条假腿，他决心面对它。他被认为是他人生各个领域的赢家。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“One night Terry was looking through an article about Dick Traum, who also had an artificial leg and had run in the New York Marathon. “If he can do it,” thought Terry, “I can, too. In fact, I’ll run across Canada and raise money for cancer research. It will be a Marathon of Hope!”(一天晚上，特里正在看一篇关于迪克·特劳姆的文章，他也有一条人造腿，参加过纽约马拉松比赛。“如果他能做到，”特里想，“我也可以。事实上，我将穿越加拿大，为癌症研究筹集资金。这将是一场马拉松式的希望！”)”可推断，迪克·特劳姆的鼓舞人心的经历让特里决定穿越加拿大。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Because Terry had an artificial leg, running wasn’t easy or straightforward. He had to move by jumping on one foot twice and then take a long step with his real leg. Although it looked awkward, he still kept on running. His action made people join him as he ran(因为特里有一条假腿，所以跑步既不容易，也不直接。他必须用一只脚跳两次，然后用他真正的腿迈出了一大步。虽然看起来很尴尬，但他仍然继续跑。他的行动促使人们加入他一起跑步)”可知，特里跑步的情景感动了人们，人们纷纷加入他一起跑步。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Then, outside Thunder Bay, Ontario, Terry felt a sharp pain in his chest. The pain was from cancer; this time in his lungs. He had to abandon the Marathon after 3, 339 miles.( 然后，在安大略省的雷湾外，特里感到胸口一阵剧痛。疼痛来自癌症,这一次是在他的肺部。他不得不在跑了3339英里后放弃了这次马拉松。)”可知，来自癌症的身体剧痛让特里最终放弃了马拉松跑步。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“They showed that he had cancer. He was going to lose his leg and be given an artificial one.(检查显示他得了癌症，将会失去一条腿，安装一条假腿)”；第三段的“And then he also began to run a little every day. Each day he ran a little farther. It is 5,300 miles across Canada.( 然后他也开始每天跑一点，每天都要再跑多一点，横跨加拿大5300英里)”，第四段的“Although it looked awkward, he still kept on running.( 虽然看起来很尴尬，但他仍然继续跑。)”可推断，特里尽管患了癌症，换了一条假腿，仍旧穿越加拿大募捐，使用假腿跑步很尴尬，但特里仍旧坚持跑步，因此推断特里是意志坚强的。故选C。
2.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者指出父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看低自己，并建议当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“A young girl, who enjoys being the center of attention, may act out for her friends and family.”（一个喜欢成为关注焦点的年轻女孩，可能会在朋友和家人面前表现出来。）可知，第一段是讲述一个年轻女孩的经历，根据第二段“The girl's experience shows how people live with shame when they have been criticized (批评) for just being themselves.”（这个女孩的经历告诉我们，当人们因为做自己而受到批评时，他们是如何羞愧地生活的。）可知，文章是通过举例来引入主题。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The child may conclude that he is a bad person. Such casual criticism by parents can linger and stick to children like glue.”（这孩子可能断定他是一个差劲的人。父母这种漫不经心的批评会像胶水一样粘在孩子身上。）可知，父母无意的批评会让孩子长久以来都看低自己。故选A。
7. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The next time a child shows you a drawing he’s done, or sings a song for you in an effort to get your attention, recognize that your response may be extremely important toward the child’s willingness to continue to explore these creative efforts. ”（下次当一个孩子向你展示他完成的一幅画，或为你唱一首歌以吸引你的注意时，你要意识到你的反应可能对孩子继续探索这些创造性努力的意愿极其重要。）根据倒数第二段“The more encouragement we how then and he more we keep their sense of what’s possible alive, the more likely they will be to explore and find their own enthusiasm in life.”我们越鼓励他们，我们越能保持他们对可能发生的事情的意识，他们就越有可能在生活中探索并找到自己的热情。可知，当孩子寻求关注时，父母应该保护他探索的热情。故选B。
3
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农场的运作机理和广阔前景。
8. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Three years ago, Lance Bateman and his three brothers agreed to be part of a pilot project that would use vertical farming to grow and feed the cows for their dairy and beef farm, Bateman Mosida Farms. （多年前，兰斯·贝特曼和他的三个兄弟同意参与一个试点项目，该项目将利用垂直农场来种植和喂养奶牛，以供他们的奶牛场和肉牛场贝特曼·莫斯达农场使用。）”可推断，作者写第二段的目的是来解释垂直农场是如何形成的。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Supporters claim vertical farms use 95% less water than in conventional field farming.A full harvest cycle in the Bateman's farm takes anywhere from five to seven days, starting with a tray of seeds that is carried to the top of the tower and rotated on wheels through the entire structure.（支持者声称，垂直农场比传统农田耕作耗水量少95%。在贝特曼的农场里，一个完整的收获周期需要5到7天。首先，一盘种子被运到塔顶，然后通过轮子在整个建筑中旋转。）”可知，垂直农场节水且高效。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Bateman says each tower provides about 2,800 pounds of feed each day, which is only about two percent of what his cows eat in a day.（贝特曼说，每座塔每天提供大约2800磅饲料，这仅是他的牛每天所吃饲料的2%。）”可推算，2800/2%=140000，所以农场里所有的奶牛每天需要140000磅的饲料。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I believe this will make farming available in areas where it hasn't been able to happen.（我相信，这将使以前不可能实现农业的地区得以发展。）”可推断，最后一段贝特曼的话暗示了垂直农业有着广阔的前景。故选A。
4
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了根据一系列科学研究表明，月球上的水的含量比我们想象的要多。
12. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The new research provides evidence that the water may be surviving on sunlit lunar surfaces because it is attached to minerals. (这项新的研究提供了证据，证明水可能存在于阳光照射下的月球表面，因为它附着在矿物质上)”可知，划线词所在句“NASA said it was able to validate the presence of water molecules (分子) on sunlit parts of the lunar surface.”意为“美国宇航局表示，他们能够证实月球表面受阳光照射的部分存在水分子”这项新研究能够证实月球表面阳光照射的部分存在水分子。由此推知，划线词意为“证实”。故选B项。
13. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The second study centered on so-called "cold traps" on the moon. These are areas of the lunar surface that exist in a state of permanent darkness where temperatures are below about minus 160 degrees Celsius. Scientists say temperatures this cold can hold frozen water for billions of years. (第二项研究集中在月球上所谓的“冷阱”。月球表面的这些区域处于永久的黑暗状态，温度低于摄氏零下160度。科学家们表示，如此寒冷的温度可以使冰冻的水保持数十亿年)”可知，“冷阱”的温度非常低。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Jacob Bleacher is the chief exploration scientist for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. He told reporters the agency believes it is very important to find out more about where the water comes from and how accessible it is. (雅各布·布朗彻是美国国家航空航天局人类探索和行动任务理事会的首席探索科学家。他对记者表示，该机构认为，了解这些水的来源以及可利用程度的更多信息非常重要)”可知，未来的研究将会关注水的来源。故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章主要内容都在讲月亮上的水资源要比我们想象的含量多，以及文章第一段“The moon may hold water in more places and in larger amounts than scientists have suggested in the past. (月球上存在水的地方和数量可能比科学家过去认为的要多)”可知，作者打算在文中说明月球上的水比预期的要多。故选A项。
5
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能。
16. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sensors set in soft, artificial skin that can detect both a gentle touch and a painful strike have been hooked up to a robot that can then signal emotions, Asada reported February 15 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This artificial “pain nervous system,” as Asada calls it (Asada在2月15日举行的美国科学促进会年会上报告说，在柔软的人造皮肤上安装的传感器可以检测到温柔的触摸和痛苦的打击，并与机器人相连，然后发出情绪信号。Asada称其为人工“疼痛神经系统”，)”可知，“疼痛神经系统”结合了传感器和人造皮肤。故选D项。
17. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In a robot system named Affetto, a realistic looking child’s head, these touch and pain signals can be converted to emotional facial expressions. (在一个名为Affetto的机器人系统中，这些触摸和疼痛信号可以______为情感的面部表情。)” 由提到Affetto的机器人系统关于这些触摸和疼痛信号和情感的面部表情的关系，可知，划线词converted意为“转化”。故选B项。
18. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A robot with sensors that can detect touch and pain is “along the lines of having a robot, for example, that smiles when you talk to it,” Damasio says. ‘It’s a device for communication of the machine to a human.” While that’s an interesting development, “it’s not the same thing” as a robot designed to compute some sort of internal experience, he says. (Damasio说，一个装有传感器的机器人可以检测触摸和疼痛，“这就像一个机器人，当你和它说话时，它会微笑。它是机器和人类沟通的工具。”他说，虽然这是一个有趣的发展，但与设计用来计算某种内部体验的机器人“不是一回事”。)”可知，Damasio认为机器人可以检测疼痛并做出相应的反应是一个有趣的发展。故选D项。
19. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A robot with a sense of touch may one day feel “pain”, both its own physical pain and sympathy for the pain of its human companions. Such touchy-feely robots are still far off, but advances in robotic touch-sensing are bringing that possibility closer to reality. (有触觉的机器人有一天可能会感觉到“疼痛”，既能感觉到自己身体上的疼痛，也能对人类同伴的疼痛产生同情。这种情感机器人离我们还有很长的路要走，但机器人触摸传感技术的进步正使这种可能性更接近现实。)”以及下文的描述，可知，本文主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受“疼痛”的有触觉机器人正在成为可能，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“机器人慢慢地会感受疼痛”符合题意。故选B项。
【考前预测2】完形填空
1
It was during a school trip to the Art Gallery of NSW that I realized I was not white.
Aged eight, rough and 1 like any child travelling to an exciting place miles away from their own home, I was seriously reminded by a teacher to 2 in one place. To ensure this happened, and that I did not escape to a closed-off exhibition area 3 when her eyes turned elsewhere, she forced me to hold the hand of a quiet, modest girl in my class, the typical teacher's 4 .
Already feeling incredibly self-conscious, the moment took a 5 for the worse when a fellow classmate eyed our 6 hands. With a finger pointing 7 towards us, he said, “God, I can see her hand turning 8 already.”
That night I came home and cried in the shower. My own secret purchase of a Dove beauty bar 9 to wash off the thick layer of dark grime(污点） onto my skin. For the first time I was forced to confront the vast 10 between who I thought I was and who I actually was.
Race proceeded to become something I 11 with all throughout adolescence. In stories like these, the climax comes during 12 , the most important period of my education. To an extent, that was true.
While race is the source of many of our struggles, it is also the 13 of our characteristics, dearest stories, and most 14 people. We have come to understand life better from our race. As people coming from an ethno-cultural(种族文化的） minority, our race informs, but does not single- handedly 15 ,who we are.
1. A. civil B. noisy C. frank D. responsible
2. A. march B. observe C. stay D. zoom
3. A. immediately B. frequently C. individually D. slightly
4. A. style B. vehicle C. audience D. pet
5. A. break B. while C. turn D. lead
6. A. well-rounded B. interlocked C. output D. upraised
7. A. accusingly B. disturbingly C. awkwardly D. formally
8. A. flexible B. acid C. rigid D. black
9. A. failed B. aimed C. meant D. sought
10. A. balance B. entrance C. option D. valley
11. A. contacted B. performed C. struggled D. united
12. A. university B. travelling C. exhibition D. schedule
13. A. promotion B. collection C. location D. reflection
14. A. frightened B. loved C. concerned D. demanded
15. A. tune B. admit C. explore D. define
2
The government of India issued a lockdown in March due to the COVID 19 pandemic.
The 16 was badly affected by the pandemic. 17 , millions of people lost their jobs, including Mohan Paswan—the 18 of 15-year-old Jyoti Kumari. They had no money for 19 and for food, so the landlord threatened to kick them out and 20 their electricity. Kumari and her father’s only 21 was to return to their home village in Bihar, which was more than 1,200 kilometers away.
22 there were special 23 for migrants who wished to return home, Paswan was not able to walk to the railway station due to a(n) 24 from a traffic accident. Out of 25 , Kumari used the 20 dollars they had left to buy a pink bike and 26 on May 8th for the village.
Kumari would 27 in the front, while her father would sit on the back seat with heavy luggage. They traveled more than 100 kilometers a day and only 28 at gas stations to sleep at night. Along the way, they 29 kind strangers who gave them food and encouragement; one truck driver even 30 the father and the daughter a ride for 30 miles.
They 31 arrived at the village on May 15th and were reunited with their family. This story of a 32 girl has moved the hearts of many people including the 33 of the national team and a director. Kumari has been invited to join the Indian 34 team in the 2024 and 2028 Olympics and has also received an offer to 35 as herself in an upcoming movie.
16. A. population B. employment C. ecology D. election
17. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Anyway
18. A. uncle B. father C. boss D. teacher
19. A. rent B. clothes C. tuition D. recreation
20. A. cut out B. cut up C. cut in D. cut off
21. A. chance B. hope C. effort D. plan
22. A. As though B. Now that C. Even though D. In case
23. A. bikes B. flights C. buses D. trains
24. A. injury B. loss C. sickness D. hurt
25. A. control B. desperation C. trouble D. patience
26. A. set about B. set aside C. set off D. set in
27. A. drive B. lead C. run D. pedal
28. A. stopped B. rested C. refueled D. sat
29. A. helped B. encountered C. contacted D. found
30. A. gave B. made C. picked D. provided
31. A. quickly B. immediately C. finally D. properly
32. A. wise B. kind C. honest D. brave
33. A. actor B. nurse C. coach D. educator
34. A. motorist B. cyclist C. tourist D. journalist
35. A. star B. film C. perform D. show
3
My mother has taught kindergarten for 39 years. She used to collect and wash old tennis balls. 36 my father drilled holes in each one. Once my dad finished them，the balls would fit 37 onto the feet of a standard school chair and 38 the annoying noise that let out every time kids moved the chairs. When you are in 39 of a classroom filled with kids who have never been to school before and turning them into students, the little things 40 .
One day, a boy was transferred（转学）into my mom's 41 . He had a long record of misbehavior, including eight suspensions（暂时停学）from his 42 school. His teacher still remembered being 43 about how he would influence her classroom. However, my mother welcomed him with a smile and kindly 44 the rules and expectations for her class. The next day, he 45 directions with, “What are you going to do if I don't do it?” My mother still smiled at him. She explained that she was there to help him and 46 he could do well. Day after day, she praised everything he did that was 47 . It was a few tiring months but well worth the 48 . He gradually turned into one of the best students that year.
By 49 a loving heart with right classroom management measures, teachers can do 50 in a single school year.
36. A. Again B. Also C. Then D. Thus
37. A. strangely B. typically C. partly D. Perfectly
38. A. compete with B. cut out C. spread D. repeat
39. A. support B. need C. charge D. danger
40. A. count B. happen C. disappear D. stop
41. A. garden B. circle C. project D. class
42. A. ordinary B. beloved C. former D. creative
43. A. honest B. nervous C. hopeful D. curious
44. A. went over B. thought of C. made up D. took out
45. A. confused B. adjusted C. prevented D. challenged
46. A. imagined B. believed C. supposed D. inferred
47. A. positive B. normal C. special D. complex
48. A. compromise B. effort C. lecture D. risk
49. A. comparing B. judging C. replacing D. pairing
50. A. damage B. duties C. wonders D. business
4
He was no scholar, and his classmates teased him. Rather than read, the future director really preferred running around with an 8 mm camera, 51 homemade movies of his Lionel train set, which he showed to friends for a small fee.
After being denied 52 into a traditional filmmaking school, Steven Spielberg enrolled in California State College. Then in 1965, he 53 , in one of those unexpected moments, his life took a complete 54 . Visiting Universal Studios, he met Chuck Silvers, who was in charge of the editorial department. Silvers 55 the kid who made 8 mm films and invited him back sometime for a visit.
He 56 the next day. Without a job or security clearance (安全许可), Spielberg, dressed in a dark 57 and tie, walked 58 up to the guard at the gate of Universal and gave him a casual wave. The guard waved back. He was 59 .
“For the entire summer,” Spielberg remembers, “I dressed in my suit and hung out with the directors and writers, including Silvers, who knew the kid wasn’t a studio 60 , but winked at the deception (骗局). I even found an office that wasn’t being used, and 61 in. I bought some plastic tiles and put my 62 in the building directory (名录): Steven Spielberg, Room 23C. ”
It 63 for everyone. Ten years later, the 28-year-old Spielberg 64 Jaws, which took in $470 million, then the 65 movies of all time. Dozens of films and awards have followed because Steven Spielberg knew what his teachers didn’t — talent is in the eyes of the filmmaker.
51. A. selling B. buying C. shooting D. watching
52. A. presence B. entrance C. existence D. occurrence
53. A. returns B. recalls C. regrets D. reports
54. A. chance B. break C. look D. turn
55. A. liked B. taught C. tested D. cheated
56. A. explored B. accepted C. appeared D. refused
57. A. coat B. suit C. jacket D. shirt
58. A. energetically B. cautiously C. confidently D. strangely
59. A. in B. back C. home D. out
60. A. interviewer B. interviewee C. employer D. employee
61. A. checked B. slept C. broke D. moved
62. A. mark B. design C. name D. number
63. A. paid off B. ended up C. settled down D. set out
64. A. collected B. organized C. educated D. directed
65. A. good-looking B. best-selling C. heart-breaking D. time-consuming
5
A couple of weeks ago, when we were leaving one of those horrible giant trampoline bouncy (弹跳床) places, my 11-year-old daughter said to me, "I don't think I'm very athletic, you know, like Rocket (her brother). He seems to be really good at 66 ."
What came out my mouth 67 me: "No, you're kind of not."
Okay, let me 68 . As you may have guessed, this child has been with me for about 11 years, so I've had enough time to 69 her engaged in physical acts: jumping, climbing, running, and organized sports.
And the kid is just 70 me: two left feet. If anybody was ever NOT a “natural" 71 , that person is me.
But even 72 these facts, my first instinct (本能反应) was to show her with some 73 "Oh, no honey. You're good at sports! You just have to keep 74 !" But I decided to tell her the 75 , and I could see it hurt a bit.
So I said more: "Ava, we all have things we are particularly, 76 good at, like you and 77 . You're in the 5th grade and read Charles Dickens. That isn't 78 , but you've done it without even trying. But all of us also have things that we are 79 in. If we want to get good at those things, we have to put in twice the 80 of the people around us to get to a decent (相当的) point and even harder if we want to be 81 .”
She was nodding. She totally 82 it. Why? Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around talking nonsense (胡扯) to our kids when they can 83 the truth. And they can smell rubbish from a mile away. In other words, they can easily recognize you are 84 . In addition, if they don't know where they 85 now, they'll never know how to get somewhere new.
66. A. arts B. sports C. organization D. reading
67. A. surprised B. puzzled C. amused D. worried
68. A. get up B. give up C. back up D. come up
69. A. keep B. leave C. prevent D. observe
70. A. for B. like C. with D. against
71. A. athlete B. judge C. captain D. coach
72. A. ignoring B. knowing C. checking D. minding
73. A. information B. facts C. rubbish D. beliefs
74. A. smiling B. waiting C. looking D. trying
75. A. idea B. truth C. news D. failure
76. A. probably B. unexpectedly C. naturally D. gradually
77. A. listening B. speaking C. writing D. reading
78. A. useful B. important C. special D. normal
79. A. poor B. different C. experienced D. interested
80. A. money B. courage C. effort D. confidence
81. A. worse B. lower C. better D. higher
82. A. got B. forgot C. deserved D. did
83. A. hide B. avoid C. learn D. handle
84. A. joking B. lying C. struggling D. regretting
85. A. stand B. live C. stop D. fall
6
Night fell. Falter returned home, teary-eyed and 86 . The 33-year-old, Professional photographer had just run from one end of Hawaii’s Waimea Bay, to the other, 87 his “baby”, a custom-made blue surfboard.
When back home, Falter wrote on Facebook: “Was surfing tonight and 88 my baby.” He hoped it would wash ashore soon and that whoever 89 it would have also seen his Facebook post. Unfortunately, the currents swept it out to sea, 90 Oahu.
Weeks passed with no 91 of the surfboard. Then months. Lyle Carlson, who had customized the board, comforted Falter with the possible reunion but nobody knew when.
Falter never completely forgot about the board. Finally the board 92 on the remote island of Sarangani, Philppines --- six months after and over 5,000 miles away. It was discovered by a local fisherman, who sold the unusual 93 to Branzuela, for whom 94 the big waves had been his dream.
The once-blue board had turned pale with its 95 markings still there: “Lyle Carlson Surfboards, Oahu, Hawaii”. Branzuela soon 96 Carlson online, who, in turn, contacted Falter.
Falter confirmed the board was his and was 97 to learn his “baby” had floated across the world’s largest ocean and 98 .He was thrilled, but not only for himself. Seeing interest in the sport grow 99 a lot to Falter and he couldn’t imagine a better 100 to the story.
86. A. exhausted B. puzzled C. refreshed D. scared
87. A. picking up B. running after C. caring for D. looking for
88. A. expected B. lost C. comforted D. held
89. A. liked B. needed C. spotted D. made
90. A. away from B. close to C. next to D. along with
91. A. mark B. proof C. company D. sign
92. A. floated B. landed C. knocked D. dropped
93. A. catch B. fish C. gift D. baby
94. A. watching B. painting C. riding D. pushing
95. A. familiar B. hidden C. common D. unique
96. A. dropped in on B. made up with C. reached out to D. put up with
97. A. moved B. shocked C. relieved D. confused
98. A. changed B. approached C. survived D. remained
99. A. meant B. contributed C. cost D. supplied
100. A. response B. solution C. answer D. ending


参考答案
1
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作者身为黑人，从小就一直在种族问题上挣扎奋斗，在此过程中，作者也学到了种族不能决定一个人的本质，而是奋斗力量的源泉。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八岁时，远离家数英里的令人兴奋的地方旅行，我像任何孩子一样吵闹喧哗，一位老师严肃地提醒我要待在自己的位置（不要乱跑）。A. civil国内的，公民的；B. noisy嘈杂的、吵闹的；C. frank 坦率的，直白的；D. responsible负责任的。由后文“like any child travelling to an exciting place miles away from their own home”可知，对刚上学的小孩子来说，参加这次参观活动是令人兴奋的，肯定会又吵又闹，故选B项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. march行进；B. observe观察，遵守，注意；C. stay停留；D. zoom急速上升；扩大影像。由下文in one place以及“she forced me to hold the hand of a quiet, modest girl in my class”可知，作者被迫是呆在一个地方，不能乱跑。故选C项。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了确保我不乱动，并确保在她眼睛离开我的时候我没有一下子跑到一个封闭的展览区域，她让我拉着班上一个安静，谦虚的女孩的手，一个典型的老师眼里的宠儿。A. immediately立即；B. frequently频繁地；C. individually个人地；D. slightly稍微。根据下文“when her eyes turned elsewhere”可知，确保在她眼睛离开我的时候我没有一下子跑到一个封闭的展览区域，故选A项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. style风格，方式；B. vehicle车辆，交通工具；C. audience观众；D. pet宠物；红人；宠儿。根据语境a quiet, modest girl in my class, the typical teacher's____可推知，这个谦虚、安静的孩子是老师都喜欢的乖孩子，也就是老师眼里的宠儿。故选D项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经感到非常不自在，当同班同学注视着我们那双互锁的手时，此刻情况变得更糟了。A. break暂停；B. while一会；C. turn转折；D. lead领先。由“for the worse when a fellow classmate eyed our...hands. ”可推知是朝着更坏的方向发展了，take a turn符合语境，故选C项。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已经感到非常不自在，当同班同学注视着我们那双互锁的手时，此刻情况变得更糟了。A. well-rounded全面的； B.interlocked使连锁，扣紧；C. output输出； D. upraised举起的。由上文“hold the hand of a quiet, modest girl in my class”可知，作者牵着女孩的手，也就是两只手紧扣着，故选B项。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他用一个手指指向我们，他说：“天哪，我已经看到她的手已经变黑了。”A. accusingly指责地，谴责地；B. disturbingly令人不安地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. formally正式地。由文中“ “God, I can see her hand turning ____ already”可推知，他是用指责的语气说作者把女孩的手变黑了。故选A项。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flexible灵活的；B. acid酸的；C. rigid死板的，僵硬的；D. black黑色的，黑暗的。根据下文“to wash off the thick layer of dark grime(污点） onto my skin.”可推知是作者的黑色肤色让女孩的手变黑了。故选D项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我回到家，在淋浴间哭了。我自己偷偷地买了多芬美容棒，但没能将皮肤上厚厚的黑垢洗干净。A. failed失败；B. aimed旨在；C. meant意味着；D. sought寻找；探寻。根据文中语境可知，作者是黑人，这个肤色肯定不能洗下来。故选A项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次被迫面对我以为我是谁和我实际是谁之间的巨大深谷。A. balance平衡； B. entrance入口； C. option选择；D. valley山谷。由后文“between who I thought I was and who I actually was”可推知，是巨大的深谷。这里使用了比喻的手法，意指第一次面对这样的身份认知的问题。故选D项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：种族逐渐成为我整个青春期都在挣扎的东西。A. contacted联系；B. performed做，表演；C. struggled挣扎；D. united联合，团结。由下文“race is the source of many of our struggles”可知，种族问题是让作者挣扎困扰的事情。故选C项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样的故事中，高潮是在我的大学时期，我的教育中最重要的时期。A. university大学；B. travelling旅行；C. exhibition展览；D. schedule日程安排，计划表。由文中“the most important period of my education”可知，“大学时期”符合语境，故选A项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然种族是我们许多斗争的根源，同时也是我们特征，最爱的故事和最爱的人的所在地。A. promotion提升，升职；B. collection收集，收藏品；C. location位置；D. reflection反思，反省。由文中“ of our characteristics, dearest stories, and most ______ people”可推知，种族承载着最爱的故事和人。即这些人和事的所在地。故选C项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然种族是我们许多斗争的根源，同时也是我们特征，最爱的故事和最爱的人的所在地。A. frightened害怕的；B. loved深爱的；C. concerned担忧的；D. demanded要求的。由上文“dearest stories”可推知，是我们深爱的人。故选B项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为来自种族文化中少数群体的人们，我们的种族告诉我们是谁，但不是一味地界定我们的身份。A. tune调整，调频；B. admit承认；C. explore探索；D. define定义。由文中“who we are”可推知是种族不能定义我们的身份。故选D项。
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【答案】16. B 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A
31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一个勇敢的印度女孩和父亲在疫情期间骑自行车长途跋涉返回家乡的故事。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就业受到流行病的严重影响。A. population人口；B. employment就业；C. ecology生态；D. election选举。根据下文的“millions of people lost their jobs”可知，很多人失业，因此此处指疫情期间，就业受到了严重的影响。故选B。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，数百万人失去了工作，包括15岁的乔蒂·库马里的父亲莫汉·帕斯万。A. However然而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Anyway无论如何。根据语境可知，疫情严重影响了就业，因此很多人失去了工作。由此可知，两句之间为因果关系。故选C。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uncle叔叔；B. father父亲；C. boss老板；D. teacher老师。根据下文的“Kumari and her father’s”及全文内容可知，莫汉·帕斯万是库马里的父亲，此处属于原词复现。故选B。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没有钱付房租和吃饭，所以房东威胁要把他们赶出去，并切断他们的电源。A. rent房租；B. clothes衣服；C. tuition学费；D. recreation娱乐。根据下文的“the landlord threatened to kick them out”可知，房东威胁要把他们赶出去，因此，此处应指他们没有买食物及付房租的钱。故选A。
20. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. cut out裁剪，删掉；B. cut up切碎；C. cut in插嘴；D. cut off切断（电、煤气、水等的供应）。根据上文的“They had no money... for food”以及“threatened to kick them out”可推知，此处表示房东要切断他们的电源。故选D。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：库马里和父亲唯一的希望是回到1200多公里外的比哈尔邦老家。A. chance机会；B. hope希望；C. effort努力；D. plan计划。根据设空处后的“was to return to their home village in Bihar”及下文的“who wished to return home”可推知，此处表示她和父亲唯一的希望就是回到他们的家乡。故选B。
22. 考查连词辨析。句意：尽管有专门的火车为希望回家的移民，帕斯万由于交通事故受伤不能步行到火车站。A. As though似乎，好像；B. Now that既然，由于；C. Even though虽然；D. In case以防，万一。根据空后的“there were special... to return home”和“Paswan was not able to... accident”之间的逻辑关系可知，虽然有为想回家的移居者提供的专列，但是由于在一次交通事故中受了伤，帕斯万无法走到火车站。两者之间为让步关系，even though意为“虽然，即使”，符合语境。故选C。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. bikes自行车；B. flights航班；C. buses公共汽车；D. trains火车。根据下文中的“railway station”可知，此处应指有为想回家的移居者提供的专列。故选D。
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. injury（身体上的）伤；B. loss损失；C. sickness生病；D. hurt（对感情造成的）伤害。根据设空处后的“from a traffic accident”可知，此处应指在交通事故中受的伤。injury意为“（身体上的）伤”，符合语境。故选A。
25. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：出于无奈，库马里用剩下的20美元买了一辆粉色自行车，于5月8日出发前往村庄。A. out of control失去控制；B. out of desperation出于绝望，走投无路；C. out of trouble摆脱困境；D. out of patience不耐烦。根据前文所描述的父女俩所面临的一系列困境可推知，此处应表示他们走投无路，库马里用他们仅剩的20美元买了一辆粉色的自行车。故选B。
26. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. set about着手做；B. set aside留出，拨出（时间、金钱等），对……置之不理；C. set off出发；D. set in开始，来临。根据设空处后的“for the village”可推知，此处应表示他们出发了。故选C。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：库马里骑在前面，而她的父亲拿着沉重的行李坐在后座上。
A. drive驾驶，开车；B. lead带路；C. run跑，经营；D. pedal骑（自行车）。根据下文的“while her father would sit on the back seat with heavy luggage”可知，此处应指库马里在前面骑车，而父亲在后面坐着。故选D。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们每天要走100多公里，晚上只在加油站停下来睡觉。A. stopped停止；B. rested休息；C. refueled加油；D. sat坐下。根据设空处前的“They traveled more than 100 kilometers a day”以及设空处后的“at gas stations to sleep at night”可知，此处表示他们只在加油站停下来过夜。故选A。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一路上，他们遇到善良的陌生人，他们给他们食物和鼓励;一位卡车司机甚至让这对父女搭了30英里的车。A. helped帮助；B. encountered遇到；C. contacted联络；D. found找到，发现。根据后文的“who gave them food and encouragement”并结合常识可知，此处表示他们遇到过一些善良的陌生人。故选B。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gave给；B. made制作；C. picked捡起；D. provided提供。根据下文的“a ride for 30 miles”可知，此处指卡车司机载了父女俩一程。give sb a ride为固定搭配，意为“让某人搭便车”，符合语境。故选A。
31. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们终于在5月15日抵达村庄，与家人团聚。A. quickly迅速地；B. immediately立刻，马上；C. finally最终；D. properly合适地。根据上文的“and _____ on May 8th for the village.”及下文的“were reunited with their family”可知，此处表示他们5月8日出发，在5月15日终于到达了他们的村庄，并和家人团聚。故选C。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个勇敢女孩的故事感动了很多人的心，包括国家队教练和导演。A. wise明智的；B. kind善良的；C. honest诚实的；D. brave勇敢的。根据库马里载着父亲骑行1200多千米回到家乡的事情可知，她是个勇敢的女孩。故选D。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. actor演员；B. nurse护士；C. coach教练；D. educator教育者。根据空后的“of the national team”并结合选项可知，她的故事感动了一位国家队的教练。故选C。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：库马里已经被邀请参加印度2024年和2028年的奥运会，她还收到了在一部即将上映的电影中出演自己的邀请。A. motorist汽车驾驶员；B. cyclist骑自行车的人；C. tourist游客；D. journalist新闻记者。根据上文可知，库马里和父亲是骑自行车回家的，此处应表示她被邀请加入印度自行车国家队。故选B。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. star担任主角，主演；B. film拍摄（影片）；C. perform表演；D. show展示。根据空后的“in an upcoming movie”可知，此处表示她将在电影中扮演自己。故选A。
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【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲为幼园事业倾注心血，即使最调皮的学生也能被自己的母亲感化，通过母亲的行为，作者总结出只要有颗充满爱的心搭配上合适的管理方式，就能成为一名称职的老师。
36. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我爸爸在每一个上面都钻了个洞。A. Again再一次；B. Also 也；C. Then然后；D. Thus因此；从而。根据前文“She used to collect and wash old tennis balls.( 她过去常常收集和清洗旧网球。)”可知收集、清洗以及父亲在网球上打孔都是有先后顺序的，then表示然后，符合题意。故选C。
37. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一旦我爸爸完成了，这些球就会完美地套在学校的那些每当孩子们移动就会发出恼人噪音的标准椅子脚上。A. strangely奇怪地；B. typically有代表性地；C. partly部分地；D. perfectly完美地。根据前文“my father drilled holes in each one”可知父亲在网球上钻孔后是用在学校的椅子上，修饰本空前的动词“fit”用副词，结合语境可知此处指网球与椅子完美契合。故选D。
38. 考查动词、动词短语辨析。句意：一旦我爸爸完成了，这些球就会完美地套在学校的那些每当孩子们移动就会发出恼人噪音的标准椅子脚上。A. compete with与……竞争；B. cut out切断；停止；关掉；C. spread传播；伸展；D. repeat重复。根据下文“the annoying noise that let out every time kids moved the chairs”可知在椅子上套上网球是为了消除移动椅子产生的噪音，cut out的意思最为接近。故选B。
39. 考查in...of结构短语辨析。句意：当你负责掌管一个班级，里面坐满了以前从没上过学的孩子，然后想把他们变成学生，总会有一些小事情发生。A. support支持；B. need需要；C. charge费用；控告；D. danger危险。in support of支持； in need of需要；in charge of负责；in danger of处于……危险当中。根据下文“a classroom filled with kids who have never been to school... before and turning them into students,”可知母亲是负责掌管一个班级。故选C。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你负责掌管一个班级，里面坐满了以前从没上过学的孩子，然后想把他们变成学生，总会有一些小事情发生。A. count数；B. happen发生；C. disappear消失；D.stop停止。 根据前文“a classroom filled with kids who have never been to school before and turning them into students,”可以推断出管理这些从没上过学的孩子并要让他们成长成学生，这个过程肯定会发生很多事情。故选B。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，一个男孩被转到我妈妈的班上。 A. garden花园；B. circle圈 ；C. project项目；计划；D. class 班级。根据前文“My mother has taught kindergarten for 39 years”可知母亲是老师，掌管班级，故此处指一个小男孩转到妈妈的班上。故选D。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他有很多不良行为记录，包括八次前学校的停课记录。 A. ordinary普通的；B. beloved可爱的；C. former先前的；D. creative 有创造力的。根据前文“ a boy was transferred（转学）into my mom's”可知此处指在他以前学校的停课记录。故选C。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的老师仍然记得会对他如何影响她的课堂而感到紧张。A. honest诚实的；B. nervous紧张的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“He had a long record of misbehavior, including eight suspensions（暂时停学）”可知这个小男孩表现非常不好，是一个十分另以前老师头疼的学生，故以前老师一想到他会影响课堂，就会紧张不安。故选B。
44. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我的母亲微笑着欢迎他，并和蔼地重温（复习）了她班上的规则和对班级的期望。 A. went over复习；检查；B. thought of认为；想起；C. made up组成；补足；化妆；编造；D. took out 取出；去掉；出发。根据下文“for her class”可知母亲对管理班级有规则，也有对班级的期望，此处是向小男孩重温班级的一些规则。故选A。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，他就用“如果我不做，你能做什么?”来挑衅规则。A. confused拒绝；B. adjusted调整；校对；C. prevented阻止；D. challenged挑战。根据前文“He had a long record of misbehavior,” 可知这个以前有不良行为记录的小男孩想对新班级的纪律进行挑衅。故选D。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，她是来帮助他的，相信他会做得很好。A. imagined想象；B. believed相信；C. supposed认为；假设；D. inferred推测。根据前文母亲对小男孩温和的态度可以推断出母亲相信小男孩能做好。故选B。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，她赞扬他所做的一切普通的事情。A. positive积极地；B. normal普通的；C. special特殊的；D. complex 复杂的。根据前文“ praised everything”可知母亲对小男孩做的任何普通的事情都会赞扬。故选B。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是几个月累人的工作，但努力非常值得。A. compromise妥协；B. effort努力；C. lecture 演讲；讲稿；教训；D. risk冒险。根据下文“He gradually turned into one of the best students that year.(他逐渐成为那年最好的学生之一。)”可以推断出母亲付出的努力都是值得的。故选B。
49. 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：通过将爱心与正确的课堂管理措施相结合，教师可以在一学年里创造奇迹。A. comparing比较；B. judging判断；C. replacing代替；D. pairing 配对；撮合。根据前文母亲向小男孩重温班级规则以及耐心细致地教导小男孩等细节可知此处指将爱心与课堂管理措施相结合。故选D。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过将爱心与正确的课堂管理措施相结合，教师可以在一学年里创造奇迹。A. damage损害；B. duties职责；C. wonders奇观；奇迹；D. business 生意。根据前文可知母亲在几个月里用自己的耐心与爱心将一个劣迹斑斑的小男孩变成了那学年最好的学生之一，这可以称得上是一个奇迹。故选C。
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【答案】51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. C 59. A 60. D 61. D 62. C 63. A 64. D
65. B
【解析】本文属于记叙文，美国著名电影导演史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格小时候不喜欢学习功课，但是对拍摄电影很感兴趣。1965年，一次到环球影视城的参观经历彻底改变了他的人生。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不喜欢阅读，这个未来的导演更喜欢带着一部8毫米的摄影机到处跑，拍摄一些自制的电影。A. selling卖；B. buying 买；C. shooting拍摄；D. watching观看。根据本句的“the future director”可知，未来将成为一名导演的人，儿童时代应该很热爱拍摄，故选C。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：被一所传统的电影学院拒绝之后，斯皮尔伯格被加利福利亚州立大学录取。A. presence在场；B. entrance进入；C. existence存在；D. occurrence发生。根据本句“Steven Spielberg enrolled in California State College.”可知，他之前没有被录取，即没有进入该学校。故选B。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆道，1965年，在一个意想不到的时刻，他的人生发生了一个完全的转变。A. returns回归，归还；B. recalls回忆；C. regrets 后悔；D. reports报道。根据第四段“Spielberg remembers”可知，本文是斯皮尔伯格回忆过去的经历，本句为插入语，故选B。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回忆道，1965年，在一个意想不到的时刻，他的人生发生了一个完全的转变。A. chance机会；B. break休息；C. look看；D. turn转向。根据后文可知，参观环球影视城改变了自己的人生，即人生发生了转变。故选D。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Silvers 喜欢这个拍摄8毫米电影的孩子，邀请他再来参观环球影视城。A. liked喜欢；B. taught教；C. tested 测试；D. cheated欺骗。根据本句的“invited him back sometime for a visit”可知，邀请他再来影视城，是因为喜欢这个孩子。故选A。
56. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他第二天就出现在环球影视城。A. explored探索；B. accepted接受；C. appeared出现；D. refused拒绝。根据后文可知，他假装是影视城的职员，因此第二天又出现在了影视城，故选C。
57. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有工作证也没有安全许可证，穿着深色西服和领带，很自信地朝环球影视城的安保人员走去，很随意地向他们挥手。A. coat外套；B. suit 西装；C. jacket夹克；D. shirt短袖。根据后句 “I dressed in my suit”可知，斯皮尔伯格穿着西装，故选B。
58. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有工作证也没有安全许可证，穿着深色西服和领带，很自信地朝环球影视城的安保人员走去，很随意地向他们挥手。A. energetically精力充沛地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. confidently自信地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据后文 “The guard waved back.” 可知，斯皮尔伯格的表现让保安认为是正是职员，故可知，他表现得很自信，故选C。
59. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：保安也挥手致敬，他进入了环球影视城。A. in进入; B. back回来；C. home回家；D. out在外面。根据后文 “For the entire summer,” Spielberg remembers, “I dressed in my suit and hung out with the directors and writers,” 可知，斯皮尔伯格整个夏天都在影视城进进出出，故可知，第一次他顺利地进入了，故选A。
60. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那年夏天，斯皮尔伯格回忆道，都穿着西服，和导演和编剧进出影视城，也包括Silvers ，他知道斯皮尔伯格不是影视城的员工，但是对此视而不见。A. interviewer采访者；B. interviewee被采访者；C. employer雇主；D. employee雇员。根据前文可知，斯皮尔伯格不是影视城的员工，故选D。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我甚至找到一间空的办公室然后搬进去了。A. checked检查；B. slept睡觉；C. broke闯入；D. moved搬迁。根据本句 “ I bought some plastic tiles and put my...　　 in the building directory (名录)” 可知，他找到一间没人用的办公室然后搬了进去，故选D。
62. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我买了一些塑料板子并且把我的名字挂在办公室门上：斯皮尔伯格，23C房。A. mark标记；B. design设计；C. name名字；D. number数字。根据本句 “Steven Spielberg, Room 23C” 可知，斯皮尔伯格把自己名字挂在门上，故选C。
63. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：对于每个人来说，都会取得回报。A. paid off取得回报；B. ended up结束；C. settled down定居；D. set out出发，着手做。根据后文可知，斯皮尔伯格取得巨大成功，他的付出有了回报，故选A。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年之后，在他28岁的时候，他导演了电影《大白鲨》，取得了4.7亿的票房成绩，成为影史上最热卖的电影之一。A. collected收集；B. organized组织；C. educated教育；D. directed导演。根据常识和前文可知，斯皮尔伯格是导演，故他导演了这部电影。故选D。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十年之后，在他28岁的时候，他导演了电影《大白鲨》，取得了4.7亿的票房成绩，成为影史上最热卖的电影之一。A. good-looking长相好看的；B. best-selling畅销的；C. heart-breaking令人心碎的；D. time-consuming耗时间的。根据本句 “which took in $470 million”可知，取得4.7亿美元的票房，成为畅销电影，故选B。
5
【答案】66. B 67. A 68. C 69. D 70. B 71. A 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. B 76. C 77. D 78. D 79. A 80. C
81. C 82. A 83. D 84. B 85. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者的女儿和作者一样不擅长运动，作者即使知道这个事实，仍然欺骗护着女儿说她只是不擅长运动，给了女儿很多安慰，实际上女儿完全能接受这件事。通过这件事，作者感悟到孩子们是能够知道你在撒谎的，如果他们不知道，他们就不会知道怎么做到更好。
66. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他似乎真的很擅长运动。A. arts艺术；B. sports运动；C. organization组织；D. reading阅读。根据前文“I don’t think I’m very athletic, you know, like Rocket”可推知，她的哥哥很擅长体育，故选B。
67. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我嘴里说的话让我很惊讶：“不，你有点不擅长。”A. surprised惊讶的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. amused好笑的；D. worried着急的。根据下文内容“And the kid is just ___5___ me: two left feet.”可知，女儿和我一样笨手笨脚，因此推断从我嘴里的话令我吃惊。故选A。
68. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：好吧，让我往后退一步。A. get up起床，起立；B. give up放弃，交出；C. back up后退；D. come up走近，发出。根据下文可知，作者是后退以观察女儿。故选C。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能已经猜到了，这个孩子和我在一起已经有11年了，所以我有足够的时间观察她从事的体育活动：跳跃、爬山、跑步和有组织的运动。A. keep保持；B. leave离开；C. prevent阻止；D. observe观察。根据上文“this child has been with me for about 11 years”可知，在这些年可以看到她参与体育活动。故选D。
70. 考查介词词义辨析。考查介词词义辨析。句意：这孩子跟我一模一样：笨手笨脚。A. for为了；B. like像；C. with与……一起；D. against反对。根据下文“two left feet”和“If anybody was ever NOT a “natural” ___6___, that person is me.”可知，我天生不擅长运动，女儿像我：笨手笨脚。故选B。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有人天生不是运动员，那就是我。A. athlete运动员；B. judge裁判；C. captain队长；D. coach教练。根据下文“two left feet”和“If anybody was ever NOT a “natural” ___6___, that person is me.”可知，女儿像我，笨手笨脚，不是天生运动员。故选A。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使知道这些事实，我本能的反应是用一些废话欺骗她。A. ignoring忽视；B. knowing知道；C. checking检查；D. minding介意。根据下文“my first instinct (本能反应) was to show her with some ___8___”可知，我知道这些事实。故选B。
73. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使知道这些事实，我本能的反应是用一些废话欺骗她。A. information信息；B. facts事实；C. rubbish废话；D. beliefs信仰。根据下文“You’re good at sports!”可推断，上文提到女儿笨手笨脚，但是我还是说她擅长运动，因此我在用废话欺骗她。故选C。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你必须坚持尝试。A. smiling微笑；B. waiting等待；C. looking看；D. trying尝试。根据“my first instinct (本能反应) was to show her with some ”可知，我欺骗女儿说她擅长运动，只是她必须坚持尝试。故选D。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我决定告诉她事实，我知道这有点让人伤心。A. idea想法；B. truth事实；C. news消息；D. failure失败。由But推断，此处与上文“show her”相反，但是我想告诉她事实。故选B。
76. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：于是我又多说了几句：“艾娃，我们都有一些特殊的，天生擅长的东西，像你和阅读。”A. probably很可能地；B. unexpectedly出乎意料地；C. naturally自然地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“You're in the 5th grade and read Charles Dickens. ”可推断，我说的是：我们都有一些特殊的，天生擅长的东西。故选C。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. listening听；B. speaking讲；C. writing写作；D. reading阅读。根据下文“read Charles Dickens”可推断，像你和阅读，你在五年级，就读查尔斯狄更斯的作品。故选D。
78. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是不正常的，但你甚至都没试过就做到了。A. useful有用的；B. important重要的；C. special特殊的；D. normal正常的。上文提到女儿在五年级就读查尔斯狄更斯，因此推断此处讲得是：暗示不正常的，但是你没有尝试就做到了。故选D。
79. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们所有人也有我们不擅长的东西。A. poor贫穷的；B. different不同的；C. experienced有经验的；D. interested感兴趣的。由上文的“good at”和句首的“But”可推断，我们都有我们做不好的。be poor in“在……方面差”。故选A。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们想要擅长这些东西，我们必须在我们周围的人的两倍努力得到一个相当的点,如果我们想要更好的更加困难。A. money钱；B. courage勇气；C. effort努力；D. confidence信心。根据上文“If we want to get good at those things”可推断，如果我们想擅长那些我们做不好的事情，我们必须投入两倍的努力取得与我们周围的人一样的成绩。故选C。
81. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们想要擅长这些东西,我们必须在我们周围的人的两倍努力得到一个相当的点，如果我们想要更好的更加困难。A. worse更坏的；B. lower更低的；C. better更好的；D. higher更高的。由even harder可推断，如果想要得到更好的成绩甚至更艰难。故选C。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她点头。她完全明白了。A. got理解；B. forgot忘记；C. deserved应得；D. did做。根据上文“She was nodding.”可推断，她不断地点头，因此推断她完全理解了。故选A。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我在想为什么当孩子能够处理的时候我们东奔西跑胡言乱语。A. hide躲藏；B. avoid避免；C. learn学习；D. handle处理；应付。根据下文“And they can smell rubbish from a mile away.”可推断，有时候我惊讶我们为什么对孩子胡扯，当他们能够处理的时候。故选D。
84. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，他们能够很容易地认识到你在撒谎。A. joking开玩笑；B. lying撒谎；C. struggling斗争；D. regretting遗憾。由“In other words”可推断，孩子们能够很容易地认识到你在撒谎。故选B。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，如果他们不知道自己现在的处境，他们将永远不会知道如何去新的地方。A. stand处于某种状态或境况、关系、地位等；B. live居住；C. stop停止；D. fall掉落。根据“they’ll never know how to get somewhere new.”可知，只有了解自己的处境，才会知道如何去向新地方。故选A。
6
【答案】86. A 87. D 88. B 89. C 90. A 91. D 92. B 93. A 94. C 95. D 96. C 97. B 98. C 99. A
100. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Falter历尽千辛万苦在千里之外的菲律宾找到自己冲浪板的故事。
86. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蹒跚地回到家里，泪眼婆娑，筋疲力尽。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. puzzled迷惑的；C. refreshed焕然一新的；D. scared害怕的。根据下文“just run from one end of Hawaii’s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知，Falter从夏威夷的这一端跑到另一端，他跑得筋疲力尽了。故选A。
87. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位33岁的职业摄影师从夏威夷的威美亚湾的一端跑到另一端，寻找他的“宝贝”——一块定制的蓝色冲浪板。A. picking up捡起；B. running after追逐；C. caring for照顾；D. looking for寻找。根据上文“just run from one end of Hawaii’s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知，Falter从夏威夷的这一段跑到另一端是为了寻找自己的冲浪板。故选D。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今晚我在冲浪，失去了我的宝贝。A. expected期待；B. lost失去；C. comforted安慰；D. held握住。根据下文“He hoped it would wash ashore soon and that whoever ____ it would have also seen his Facebook post.”可知，Falter的冲浪板丢了。故选B。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望它很快就会被冲上岸，而且发现它的人也会看到他在Facebook上的帖子。A. liked喜欢；B. needed需要；C. spotted发现；D. made制作。根据上文“He hoped it would wash ashore soon”可知，Falter希望他的冲浪板能冲上岸，并且有人能发现它。故选C。
90. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是，洋流把它冲进了大海，远离了瓦胡岛。A. away from远离；B. close to接近；C. next to紧挨着；D. along with与……一起。根据上文“Unfortunately, the currents swept it out to sea”可知，冲浪板已经被冲进了海里。故选A。
91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期过去了，冲浪板还是不见踪影。A. mark标记；B. proof证据；C. company公司；D. sign迹象。根据下文“but nobody knew when”可知，时间过去了很久也没有人知道冲浪板去了哪里，所以冲浪板没有丝毫踪迹。故选D。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：6个月后，这块滑板终于在5000多英里外遥远的菲律宾萨兰加尼岛着陆。A. floated漂浮；B. landed着陆；C. knocked敲门；D. dropped下降。根据下文“It was discovered by a local fisherman”可知，冲浪板冲上了岸，被当地的渔民捡到了。故选B。
93. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个当地的渔民发现了这个冲浪板，并把这个不寻常的收获卖给了Branzuela，而对他来说，驾驭巨浪是他的梦想。A. catch捕获；B. fish鱼；C. gift礼物；D. baby孩子。根据上文可知，渔民捡到的是Falter的冲浪板，是一个不同寻常的收获。故选A。
94. 考查动词词义辨析。句意见上一题。A. watching看；B. painting绘画；C. riding骑行、驾驶；D. pushing推动。根据上文“who sold the unusual _____ to Branzuela”可知，Branzuela购买了这快冲浪板，是因为他喜欢冲浪，也就是驾驶冲浪板，故选C。
95. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曾经是蓝色的冲浪板已经变得苍白，上面独特的标记还在：“莱尔·卡尔森冲浪板，夏威夷瓦胡岛”。A. familiar熟悉的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. common常见的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“who had customized the board”可知，这块冲浪板是定制的，所以上面的标识是独一无二的。故选D。
96. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Branzuela很快在网上联系了Carlson，Carlson反过来联系了Falter。A. dropped in on顺道拜访；B. made up with弥补；C. reached out to联系；D. put up with忍受。根据下文的contact(联系)可知，Branzuela先联系了Carlson。故选C。
97. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Falter证实，这块冲浪板是他的，当他得知自己的宝贝漂过世界上最大的海洋并幸存下来时，他非常震惊。A. moved感动的；B. shocked震惊的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“floated across the world’s largest ocean”可知，Falter的冲浪板横穿了太平洋，这个消息令人震惊。故选B。
98. 考查动词词义辨析。句意见上一题。A. changed改变；B. approached接近；C. survived幸存；D. remained保持。根据上文“Falter confirmed the board was his”可知，Falter证实了自己的冲浪板在横穿太平洋之后幸存了下来。故选C。
99. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们对这项运动越来越感兴趣，这对他来说意义重大，他想象不出一个更好的结局。A. meant意味着；B. contributed致力于；C. cost花费；D. supplied提供。根据上文“Seeing interest in the sport grow”可知，看见大家对于冲浪的兴趣越发浓厚，这对于Falter来说意义重大。故选A。
100. 考查名词词义辨析。句意见上一题。A. response回应；B. solution解决；C. answer回答；D. ending结果。根据全文可知，Falter不仅找回了自己的冲浪板还带动了大家对于冲浪的兴趣，这是一个非常好的结局。故选D。
【考前预测3】七选五
1
Have you ever agreed to do something only to find out later that you don’t have time? Are you constantly stressed from rushing from one assignment to another? If so, you may have a problem with overcommitment. Overcommitment happens when you decide to do more things than you realistically have time to do. 1. Your quality of life also suffers because overcommitment leaves you less time to take care of yourself. It’s preferable to do one or two things well than to do 10 things poorly - or worse, to back out once you’ve agreed to something.
Time management coach Elizabeth Saunders suggests creating a budget for your time like you do with money. The total amount of time you have each day equals 24 hours minus（减去）the time you need for basic wellness activities. 2. Saunders suggests adding up your time commitments to other people and the time needed to meet your personal goals. If that total is greater than the amount of time you have each day, you have a problem.
3. Schedule times for everything you need to do – including taking care of yourself. But you don’t have to fill every blank space.
It’s also worth looking at your current commitments. Do your commitments actually match your priorities? 4. Learning how to say no politely but firmly also helps with overcommitment. It helps to have a good sense of what your priorities are so that you can say yes or no when appropriate.
I have a rule that I never immediately agree to any long-term time commitments. 5. That’s because my first instinct（本能反应）is usually to say yes, even if I don’t really have time. Having time to think about a potential assignment gives me space to say no if I need to.
A. Are you satisfied with your job?
B. I always ask for some time to think.
C. It is worth considering your interest.
D. When this happens, the quality of your work suffers.
E.These include things like sleeping, eating and showering.
F.Could you give up some of them or pass them off to other people?
G.One tool that may be helpful in avoiding overcommitment is a calendar.
2
What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or fierce tigers? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an unreasonable reaction that can’t be controlled-something we call a phobia (恐惧症). 6. Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC, “Our fears are rooted in our brains-we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.”7. With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
8. Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says, “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or a kind of mental suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously.”
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia－caused by being away from home, and iatrophobia-fear of doctors.9. Therapy (心理治疗) is one choice, where you gradually get used to whatever it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their bad memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse.10.
A. Then how can they be overcome?
B. But where does a phobia come from?
C. But phobias are stronger than just fears.
D. The right thing to do is to find help to overcome it.
E.Overcoming a phobia can take patience, devotion and courage.
F.Are there any phobias that tend to be more common than others?
G.It occurs when someone develops an unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
3
Mixing murals, sculpture and calligraphy, grotto(石窟) temples are historical treasures of ancient Chinese arts, values and spirits. Thousands of people flock to grotto temples each year. 11. In October,the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice, urging protection of China's grotto temples. Grotto temple workers are required to do research and determine how many daily visitors they can safely handle.12. Visitors are encouraged to visit at different time periods or have virtual experiences related to the cultural heritage sites. These measures are aimed at preserving these relics, as both human and environmental factors have caused harm.
Tourists often touch the sculptures, leading to changes in the surface and color of the figures overtime.13. And even the most well-behaved tourists can unknowingly cause harm to the relics. Over many centuries, the ancient rocks that make up these grottoes slowly corrode(腐蚀) due to the acid content of air,water and microorganisms. 14. According to a study by the China University of Geosciences,the carbon dioxide that visitors breathe out has made the air more acid. At the Mogao Grottoes in Gansu, researchers also found that microorganisms brought in unintentionally by visitors themselves have also led to changes in color in murals.
“15. Seeing the grottoes in depth, it will help people better understand Chinese philosophy and humanities from a historical perspective. ” Lu Ji-wen, deputy director of the Yungang Grottoes Re-search Academy,told China News.
A. Preserving these relics is important.
B. Yet these relics are threatened by visitors.
C. The new rule received support from visitors.
D. The light from cameras can also damage the relics.
E.The visitors' number should be controlled based on this research.
F.But when the grottoes are open to the public, the process speeds up.
G.Efforts should also go into advertising the beauty of grotto temples.
4
How to Double the Life of Your Car Battery
Typically, car batteries will last you four to six years. 16. Weather conditions, the type of your vehicle, or even how you drive your car may influence how long your battery lasts. If you want to double your car battery life, there are some facts you'd better know.
According to the Motor Trade Association, frequent short trips could actually contribute to a shorter lifetime for car batteries.17. Why? Because batteries can receive a full charge after eight hours of use, which is far better than an incomplete charge. However, that doesn't mean you need to drive the car eight hours daily, but it does mean you should be careful with the amount of the electricity you are using within the car.
18. However, extreme conditions might do some damage. Hot temperatures can cause battery liquid to evaporate（挥发）, which can cause problems of overcharging. This actually decreases the lifetime of your battery. Cold temperatures can cause self-discharge, which will lead to a dead battery. That's why I advise you to keep batteries in proper temperatures.
A car battery can be damaged if the battery connection is loose. A battery that is not well fastened could potentially result in internal damage. What should you do to prevent such a situation from happening?19. In this way, you can ensure the connection is tight and the battery properly positioned.
It's also important to watch out for signs of corrosion（腐蚀）—a white powder around the battery. Corrosion will naturally form on your car battery terminal as time goes on. If nothing is done about it, it won't be long before you change a new battery.20.
A. Batteries can function well in cold winter.
B. So you'd better clean the battery regularly.
C. However, some factors could shorten their life.
D. Make sure you check your battery at regular times.
E.A car battery change will be the answer to corrosion.
F.On the contrary, driving longer distances often does good.
G.Batteries typically stand up to most types of temperatures.
5
Open a book by any philosopher and you'll probably read that a meaningful life has to involve achieving something difficult. That's because many philosophers are perfectionists when it comes to the meaning of life. It's not just philosophers, either. Perfectionism is one of the main reasons people tend to believe their lives are meaningless.21. If they aren't doing something absolutely amazing, then life has no meaning.
22. So the conclusion is obvious: most lives are meaningless. Right? Not really. Dig a little deeper, and perfectionism falls apart. Actually you don't need to be a perfectionist about the meaning of life. Life would be fantastic if everything was perfect. But something doesn't need to be perfect to be fantastic.23. For one, it's pretty inconsistently applied most of the time. People who are perfectionists about the meaning of life often don't apply it to other areas of their lives.24. For example, perfectionists don't think they're a failure if they don't get a hundred percent on every test. So isn't it also absurd to apply that kind of standard to the meaning of life?
It doesn't end there. The demands that perfectionists place on themselves and others are actually really unrealistic. And that means they can only lead to disappointment.25. It would be similarly odd to call one of your friends a huge failure because he can't achieve as much in a day as Superman. But that's exactly the logic perfectionism applies when it claims that our lives have to be extraordinary in some way to have meaning.
A. They see life as all -or-nothing.
B. We don't expect a dog to drive a car.
C. This leads to lots of double standards.
D. You're unlikely to be satisfied with any result.
E.And there are actually a few problems with perfectionism.
F.However, most of us aren't an Einstein or a Mother Teresa.
G.They'd probably dismiss the ideas like that as absurd, in fact.
6
A writing club is a group consisting of writers who meet together to share and comment on manuscripts (手稿). People who write stories, poetry, or even non-fiction articles can join a writing club. 26. But the usual site is in a library, bookstore, private home, or a school.
27. Joining a club allows writers to understand the challenges of being a writer. And members of a writing club can receive constructive criticism (评论) from their fellow writers so that they can learn how to make their articles stronger. Moreover, commenting on other writers' manuscripts allows them to see what makes a writing piece interesting or boring.
If a writer wants to become a member of a writing club, he can find one by contacting the public library or a local university. Many writing groups will advertise for new members in local newspapers as well. 28. But sometimes, no matter how a writer has tried, he may still experience extreme difficulties finding a writing group to join or finding a writing group suitable for him. 29. He only needs to advertise for desired members by posting online, placing an ad in local newspapers, etc.
For many writers, the journey of writing is demanding. For example, writing can be troubled by lack of inspiration. 30. So joining a group of writers can be the ideal way a writer can improve his writing skills and assist others with their manuscripts.
A. And writing can be a lonely task.
B. There are many benefits of joining a writing club.
C. Members of a writing club should know each other.
D. If that happens, the writer can start his own club.
E.Joining a writing club has advantages and disadvantages.
F.It's also possible to find writing clubs on the Internet.
G.A writing club can have meetings just anywhere.

参考答案
1
【答案】1. D 2. E 3. G 4. F 5. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何避免过度承诺带来的压力和问题。
1. 根据上文“Overcommitment happens when you decide to do more things than you realistically have time to do.（当你决定做的事情比你实际有时间做的要多的时候，过度承诺就发生了。）和下文“Your quality of life also suffers because overcommitment leaves you less time to take care of yourself.（你的生活质量也会受到影响，因为过度承诺会让你照顾自己的时间减少。）”可知，空处提到了过度承诺带来的不利影响。D项：When this happens, the quality of your work suffers.（当这种情况发生时，你的工作质量就会受到影响。）符合语境。故选D。
2. 根据上文“The total amount of time you have each day equals 24 hours minus（减去）the time you need for basic wellness activities.（你每天的总时间等于24小时减去你需要的基本健康活动的时间。）”可知，空处提到了一些基本健康活动。E项：These include things like sleeping, eating and showering.（这些包括睡觉、吃饭和洗澡。）符合语境。故选E。
3. 根据下文“Schedule times for everything you need to do – including taking care of yourself. But you don’t have to fill every blank space.（为你需要做的每件事安排时间——包括照顾自己。但你不需要填满所有的空白。）可知，空处提到了时间表有助于避免过度承诺。G项：One tool that may be helpful in avoiding overcommitment is a calendar.（一个可能有助于避免过度承诺的工具是日历。）符合语境。故选G。
4. 根据上文“It’s also worth looking at your current commitments. Do your commitments actually match your priorities?（这也值得看看你现在的承诺。你的承诺真的符合你优先考虑的事情吗？）”可知，空处提出建议适当地放弃一些承诺或者交给别人去做。F项：Could you give up some of them or pass them off to other people?（你能不能放弃一些或者把它们传递给其他人？）符合语境。故选F。
5. 根据下文“That’s because my first instinct（本能反应）is usually to say yes, even if I don’t really have time.（这是因为我的第一反应通常是同意，即使我真的没有时间。）”可知，空处与下文形成转折关系，说明自己会要求有思考的时间。B项：I always ask for some time to think.（我总是要求一些时间去思考。）符合语境。故选B。
2
【答案】6. G 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恐惧症的定义、来源和克服的方法。
6. 根据后文“Sometimes it's good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us of the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often get prepared and overcome them.”（有时候意识到事物的潜在危险是件好事。我们的大脑会警告我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会有所准备并克服它们。）可知，此处是指对潜在危险产生意识，而此时危险尚未发生，所以选项G（当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种不现实的危险感时，就会出现这种情况。）切合文意。故选G。
7. 前文“Our fears are rooted in our brains-we don't need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.”（我们的恐惧根植于我们的大脑——我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。）中提到fears，后文“With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat and your brain is unable to control these reactions.”（患有恐惧症，你的呼吸会变快，脉搏加快，出汗，你的大脑无法控制这些反应。）中提到phobia，所以选项C（但是恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。）比较这二者，所以切合文意。故选C。
8. 根据后文“Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or a kind of mental suffering from a past event that comes back to trouble you continuously. ”（恐惧症通常是一种来自上级(如父母或老师)的复制行为，或者是一种过去事件的精神折磨，它会不断回来困扰你。）可知，此处是讲恐惧症的来源，所以选项B（但是恐惧症是从哪里来的呢?）切合文意。故选B。
9. 根据后文“Therapy (心理治疗) is one choice, where you gradually get used to whatever it is you fear.”（心理治疗是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所恐惧的东西。）可知，此处是指如何克服恐惧症。所以选项A（那么怎样才能克服它们呢?）切合文意。故选A。
10. 根据前文“But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you're afraid of by yourself is likely to make the situation worse”（但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西只会让情况变得更糟）可知，此处是讲不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西是错的，选项D（正确的做法是寻求帮助来克服它。）又讲出正确的做法，所以切合文意。故选D。
3
【答案】11. B 12. E 13. D 14. F 15. A
【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明了游客的增多会加速文物的损坏，于是相关部门发布通知控制游客数量，以保护文物，鼓励游客在不同的时间段参观，或进行与文物古迹相关的虚拟体验。
11. 上文“Thousands of people flock to grotto temples each year.（每年有成千上万的人涌向石窟寺庙）”说明了有很多人去参观石窟寺庙；下文 “In October,the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued a notice, urging protection of China's grotto temples.（今年10月，国家文物局和文化和旅游部发布通知，督促对中国的石窟寺庙进行保护） ”说明了要保护石窟寺庙。由此推知设空处内容应起到承上启下的作用。B项 “Yet these relics are threatened by visitors.（但是这些遗迹受到游客的威胁）”符合语境。故选B项。
12. 上文“Grotto temple workers are required to do research and determine how many daily visitors they can safely handle. （石窟寺的工作人员被要求进行调查，确定他们每天能安全接待多少游客）”可推知，设空处可能陈述要通过调查确定石窟寺庙接待游客的安全数量，以控制游客的数量；E项“The visitors' number should be controlled based on this research.（在此研究基础上，对参观人数进行控制）”符合语境，选项中的this research呼应上文的research。故选E项。
13. 上文“Tourists often touch the sculptures, leading to changes in the surface and color of the figures overtime.（游客经常触摸雕塑，导致人物的表面和颜色的变化）”与D项“The light from cameras can also damage the relics.（相机发出的光线也会损坏文物）”承接自然，also是关键词，且上下文都陈述游客的一些行为会损坏雕像。故选D项。
14. 根据上文“Over many centuries, the ancient rocks that make up these grottoes slowly corrode due to the acid content of air,water and microorganisms. （几个世纪以来，由于空气、水和微生物的酸性成分，构成这些石窟的古老岩石慢慢地被腐蚀）”和下文 “According to a study by the China University of Geosciences,the carbon dioxide that visitors breathe out has made the air more acid. （根据中国地质大学的一项研究，游客呼出的二氧化碳使空气酸度增加）”可推知，设空处可能陈述游客会加速石窟的损坏。F项“But when the grottoes are open to the public, the process speeds up.（但是当石窟向公众开放时，这一过程会加快）”符合语境，说明了，公众开放时，由于游客呼出的二氧化碳使空气酸度增加，石窟的古老岩石会加快被腐蚀。故选F项。
15. 下文“Seeing the grottoes in depth, it will help people better understand Chinese philosophy and humanities from a historical perspective.（深入观察这些石窟，将有助于人们从历史的角度更好地理解中国的哲学和人文）”说明了研究石窟对理解中国的哲学和人文有好处，因此我们要保护石窟文物，解释说明了A选项 “Preserving these relics is important.（保存这些文物很重要）”。故选A项。
4
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. G 19. D 20. B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了可以使汽车电池寿命加倍的几个事实。
16. 根据上文“Typically, car batteries will last you four to six years.”可知，一般来说，汽车电池的使用寿命为4到6年，下文“Weather conditions, the type of your vehicle, or even how you drive your car may influence how long your battery lasts.”(天气状况、车辆类型，甚至是驾驶方式都会影响电池的续航时间。)又举例说明了影响电池寿命的几个因素，因此此处与上文形成转折，是说一些因素会缩短电池的使用寿命，故选C。
17. 上文“According to the Motor Trade Association, frequent short trips could actually contribute to a shorter lifetime for car batteries.” 可知，根据汽车贸易协会的说法，频繁的短途旅行实际上会缩短汽车电池的使用寿命，此处介绍另外一种情况——长途旅行，F项中的 longer distances与上文short trips形成对比，同时下文“Why? Because batteries can receive a full charge after eight hours of use, which is far better than an incomplete charge.”(为什么?因为电池可以在使用8小时后充满电，这比不完全充电要好得多。)也是对F项的解释。故选F。
18. 根据下文“However, extreme conditions might do some damage.Hot temperatures can cause battery liquid to evaporate（挥发）, which can cause problems of overcharging.”可知，然而，极端的环境可能会造成一些破坏，高温会导致电池液体蒸发，从而导致过充问题，However表明空处与之是转折关系，说明电池工作良好的情况，同时，G项中的temperatures与下文中的Hot temperatures一致。故选G。
19. 根据上文“What should you do to prevent such a situation from happening?”可知，你应该做些什么来防止这种情况的发生?此处提出解决办法，D项“Make sure you check your battery at regular times.”(确保你定期检查你的电池。)就是具体的方法，同时下文“In this way, you can ensure the connection is tight and the battery properly positioned.”(这样，你可以确保连接牢固，电池安装就位。)也是对D项的进一步解释。故选D。
20. 根据上文“Corrosion will naturally form on your car battery terminal as time goes on. If nothing is done about it, it won't be long before you change a new battery.” 可知，随着时间的推移，你的汽车电池端子会自然形成腐蚀。如果不采取任何措施，你换块新电池的时间也就不远了，此处总结上文，说明你应该怎么做才防止这种情况，B项 “So you'd better clean the battery regularly.”(所以你最好定期清洗电池。)构成逻辑上的因果关系。故选B。
5
【答案】21. A 22. F 23. E 24. C 25. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者讲述了许多哲学家都是完美主义者，他们认为生活中没有做一些绝对令人惊叹的事情，那么生活就没有意义。作者认为完美主义存在一些问题，我们不必成为一个完美主义者。
21. 根据上文“Perfectionism is one of the main reasons people tend to believe their lives are meaningless. (完美主义是人们相信他们的生命毫无意义的主要原因之一。)”可知，此处内容与人们对生活的看法有关，选项A的代词They指的是上文的people ，因此选项A“They see life as all -or-nothing. (他们认为人生要么全有，要么全无。)”符合题意。故选A。
22. 根据下文“So the conclusion is obvious: most lives are meaningless. (所以结论很明显：大多数生命都是毫无意义的。)”可知，此处与下文形成因果关系，内容与我们大多数人都是普通人有关，选项F中的most of us与下文的most lives是同范畴词，因此选项F“However, most of us aren't an Einstein or a Mother Teresa. (然而，我们大多数人都不是爱因斯坦或特蕾莎修女。)”符合题意。故选F。
23. 根据上文“But something doesn't need to be perfect to be fantastic. (但有些东西并不一定要完美才会很棒。)”可知，此处进一步补充了上文，内容与完美主义也存在有问题有关，因此选项E“And there are actually a few problems with perfectionism. (完美主义也存在一些问题。)”符合题意。故选E。
24. 根据上文“People who are perfectionists about the meaning of life often don't apply it to other areas of their lives. (对于生命意义的完美主义者通常不会把它运用到生活的其他方面。)”可知，此处与上文形成因果关系，内容与完美主义者不把对生命意义的要求运用到生活其他方面带来的后果有关，选项C中的代词This指的是上文的现象，因此选项C“This leads to lots of double standards. (这导致了许多双重标准。)”符合题意。故选C。
25. 根据上文“And that means they can only lead to disappointment. (这意味着它们只会导致失望。)”和下文“It would be similarly odd to call one of your friends a huge failure because he can't achieve as much in a day as Superman. (把你的一个朋友称作一个巨大的失败者也会很奇怪，因为他一天之内不能取得超人那么多的成就。)”可知，此处内容与列举那些会失败的要求或者不现实的要求有关，因此选项B“We don't expect a dog to drive a car. (我们不指望狗会开车。)”符合题意。故选B。
6
【答案】26. G 27. B 28. F 29. D 30. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了写作俱乐部以及加入写作俱乐部的好处。
26. 根据下文“But the usual site is in a library, bookstore, private home, or a school.(但通常的地点是图书馆、书店、私人住宅或学校)”可知，此处在介绍写作俱乐部的地点。由此可知，G. A writing club can have meetings just anywhere.(写作俱乐部可以在任何地方展开)符合题意。 anywhere呼应 a library, bookstore, private home, or a school。故选G。
27. 根据下文“Joining a club allows writers to understand the challenges of being a writer. And members of a writing club can receive constructive criticism (评论) from their fellow writers so that they can learn how to make their articles stronger. Moreover, commenting on other writers' manuscripts allows them to see what makes a writing piece interesting or boring.(加入一个俱乐部可以让作家了解成为一名作家所面临的挑战。写作俱乐部的成员可以从其他作家那里得到建设性的批评，这样他们就可以学习如何使自己的文章更有说服力。此外，评论其他作家的手稿能让他们看到是什么使一篇文章有趣还是无聊)”可知，本段在介绍加入写作俱乐部的好处。由此可知，B. There are many benefits of joining a writing club.(参加写作俱乐部有很多好处)符合题意。故选B。
28. 根据上文“If a writer wants to become a member of a writing club, he can find one by contacting the public library or a local university. Many writing groups will advertise for new members in local newspapers as well.(如果一个作家想要成为写作俱乐部的一员，他可以联系公共图书馆或当地大学。许多写作小组还会在当地报纸上登广告招聘新成员)”可知，此处在介绍寻找写作俱乐部的方式。由此可知，F. It's also possible to find writing clubs on the Internet.(也可以在网上找到写作俱乐部)符合题意。contacting the public library or a local university和n local newspapers呼应on the Internet。故选F。
29. 根据上文“But sometimes, no matter how a writer has tried, he may still experience extreme difficulties finding a writing group to join or finding a writing group suitable for him.(但有时，无论一个作家如何努力，他仍然很难找到一个写作小组，或找到一个适合他的写作小组)”及下文“He only needs to advertise for desired members by posting online, placing an ad in local newspapers, etc.(他只需要通过在网上发布广告，在当地报纸上刊登广告等方式来招聘所需的会员)”可知，如果找不到适合的写作小组，可以自己成立一个写作小组。由此可知，D. If that happens, the writer can start his own club.(如果发生这种情况，作家就可以创办自己的俱乐部)符合题意。故选D。
30. 根据下文“So joining a group of writers can be the ideal way a writer can improve his writing skills and assist others with their manuscripts.(所以加入一个作家俱乐部可以是一个作家可以提高他的写作技巧和帮助别人的手稿的理想方式)”可知，A. And writing can be a lonely task.(写作是一项孤独的工作)能够与下文构成因果关系，承接下文，符合题意。 lack of inspiration和 a lonely task呼应demanding。故选A。
【考前预测4】语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Geography should be part of every 21st century education. Without geography, the world as well as 1. it fits together is a mystery. Geography is a skill and vision that 2. (open) the door for learners to better understand the interconnected world around them. It gives young people the insight 3. (draw) connections, measure how individual actions can change the world, assess the costs and benefits, and seek solutions to complex questions about our planet. It's why I believe geography is a science4. (power) suited to address the challenges of the 21st century.
Learners today are coming of age amid a confluence of 5. (crisis): a global pandemic, an economic depression and an ongoing climate crisis. It 6. (happen) at a time when educators and families are trying so hard to cope with the realities of learning in new environments because of COVID-19. 7. I remain optimistic because young people around the world and the educators who reach them are key to 8. (solve) our planet's most pressing problems. When we equip students with geographic knowledge, we enable them to think critically, solve problems and be the architects of change 9. our planet needs. To prepare our young people, we owe them a high-quality geography education. Geography can and should be integrated 10. lesson plans in other subjects, like history and science, or even art, so that learners can engage with real-world issues.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的一个单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
As a traditional cultural art form of the Chinese nation, Kunqu Opera is one of the most11. (influence) traditional Chinese operas and also a rare art treasure in the opera family. The opera that is said12. (be) the mother of all Chinese operas has a pretty long history. It13. (date) back to the late Yuan Dynasty — over 600 years ago. Kunshan, near the city of Suzhou in today's Jiangsu Province of East China, is14. birthplace of this type of opera.
Kunqu Opera is15. (general) acknowledged as an elegant opera in terms of music, recitation, and the performers' beautiful16. (move). Carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech, the art is also17. very high literary value
However, appealing18. Kunqu Opera is, the use of a southern dialect (方言) puts the opera out of reach for most people. But that didn't prevent the UNESCO from19. (list) it as a "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" in 2001. Since then, the traditional performing art has experienced a rebirth. Four classical plays, including The Peony Pavilion,20. (update) and restored in the past few years.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Since last century, a series of missions 21. (perform) to explore the moon—Earth’s only natural satellite. Among them, NASA’s Apollo 11 mission was groundbreaking as it succeeded in landing the first humans on the moon on July 20, 1969.
Several decades later, NASA announced its Artemis program. 22. (name) after the Greek goddess of the moon and twin sister of Apollo, the Artemis program will send humans to the moon by the year 2024. And this time, the moon will welcome its first female astronaut.
Up until now, only 12 people, all male, have ever walked on the moon. No woman has ever walked on the lunar surface. 23. the Artemis program will change this.
Women, of course, have been involved in space projects and made valuable 24. (contribute). In 1963, astronaut Valentina Tereshkova from the Soviet Union became the first woman 25. (get) into space.
However, the progress toward women’s access 26. space flight programs has been slow. Women have been held back by various requirements and security concerns. For example, astronauts had to be test pilots with a certain amount of experience, 27. was a problem as the field 28. (control) by males at the time.
Women have 29. (remarkable) made progress in this particular area, and arguably have advantages over their male colleagues. Women tend to be 30. (small), which means they use less oxygen and take up less space in small spacecrafts.
4
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式｡
The Book of Songs, also known as Shi Jing, is the oldest existing 31. (collect) of Chinese poetry. Three years ago, when Chinese musician Fang Jinlong read Shi Jing, he was interested in the stories told through the poems. Because he couldn’t 32. (full) understand the ancient Chinese language 33. (use) in the poems, he turned to experts whose elaboration further attracted him to explore the poems.
Then he decided to portray the poems with musical language by inviting composer Ma Jiuyue 34. (create) an album. Titled Music and the Book of Songs, the album was released on Jan 18, 35. (feature) 10 original songs composed by Ma. They 36. (perform) by Fang and won great popularity.
The 10 songs are based on 10 poems from Shi Jing, including Qiong Yao, which conveys gratitude to people who are eager to help others, Swallows, which 37. (send) farewell messages to friends and Jia Yu, which portrays the scenes of a joyful banquet.
“Young people gave warm feedback about traditional Chinese music 38. they had watched my performance. It inspired me to create more works for them, which helps popularize traditional Chinese music,” says Fang.
“The 10 pieces sound 39. (enjoy) and easy. For the listeners, it’s a fresh way to comprehend poems from Shi Jing,” says Ma. “We spent three years working on 40. project. There are so many meanings in the poems and we want to display them as deep as possible with music,” Ma says, “It’s our mutual goal to have traditional Chinese music reach a wider audience.”
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After traveling through space for seven months, China's Tianwen-1 probe has reached Mars and 41. (success) entered its orbit on Wednesday — bringing it one step 42. (close) to landing on the surface.
Tianwen-1, 43. name means “Quest for Heavenly Truth”, consists of an orbiter, lander and a six-wheeled rover. The spacecraft 44. (launch) last July along with two other international Mars missions, is scheduled to land on the planet's surface in May or June. It is tasked with gathering information about Mars' geological structure, atmosphere, environment and soil, as well as 45. (search) for signs of water.
With Tianwen-1, China is the first nation 46. (attempt) to send both an orbiter and a rover on its first homegrown Mars mission. 47. contrast, NASA sent multiple orbiters to Mars before ever attempting a landing, since pulling off the landing is 48. far more difficult task.
The Chinese rover 49. (expect) to function for about three months on the planet. It marks a milestone for China's deep-space 50. (explore) of Mars, according to the CNSA. China is also planning to launch a permanent space station by 2022, and is looking at sending astronauts to the moon-possibly in the 2030s.
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（。
According to a recent report, traditional music has found increasing appeal among a large audience of young people, due to greater access to it and the passion of 51. (it) fans. The report focused on traditional Chinese art, such as operas and folk music, and 52. (analyze) age differences and locations. It found that more than 100 million people tune in to traditional Chinese music 53. (month).
According to the report, the popularity is a result of the rise in social media and networking, and through joint efforts made by traditional musicians, opera 54. (perform) as well as pop stars.
At the New Year’s Eve concert, folk musician Fang Jinlong adapted pop songs with Chinese folk tunes and played 55. (dozen) of musical instruments, including pipa and erhu. The performance, livestreamed by Bilibili, received much 56. (warm) feedback than ever from the young audience.
And in Zhang Yixing’s bilingual album, LIT, the young idol has mixed traditional Chinese elements with modern hip-hop, 57. (offer) his young fans opportunities to enjoy Chinese vibe and inspiring them 58. (discover) more about Chinese arts.
The report also gave an example of Kunqu Opera, 59. of the oldest Chinese operas, 60. attracts over 100 million listeners born after 1990.

参考答案
1
【答案】1. how
2. opens
3. to draw
4. powerfully
5. crises
6. is happening/happens
7. Yet/Though/However
8. solving
9. that/who/whom
10. throughout
【解析】本文属于议论文。文章论述了地理学科应该是21世纪的必须学习的学科，同时阐明了原因和意义。
1. 考查宾语从句。句意：没有地理学科的话，这个世界以及这个世界如何构成为一个整体的将是一个迷。此处作as的宾语，从句缺乏方式状语，应用how引导。故填how。
2. 考查动词。句意：地理学科是一门技能和能力，能够帮助学习者更好理解他们周围相互联系的世界。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词vision，从句缺乏谓语，open与主语为主谓关系，描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。故填opens。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学科让年轻人学会形成联系的洞察力，测量个人的行动可以如何改变世界，评估得失，寻求关于地球复杂问题的解决办法。此处修饰名词insight，表示将来的动作，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to draw。
4. 考查副词。句意：这就是为什么我认为地理学科是一门足以应对21世纪挑战的学科。此处修饰动词suited，应用副词。故填powerfully。
5. 考查名词复数。句意：当今的学习者要处于各种危机的汇集处：全球的疫情，经济萧条以及持续的气候危机。根据空后a global pandemic, an economic depression and an ongoing climate crisis可知，危机不止一个，应用名词复数。故填crises。
6. 考查动词时态。句意：这正发生在这样一个时代里，教育工作者和家庭都在努力应对由新冠病毒造成新的实际情况。根据句意可知，这种情况正在发生，可用现在进行时；也可以是描述一般情况，可用一般现在时。故填is happening或happens。
7. 考查副词。句意：但是我仍然持乐观态度，因为全世界的青年人和教育他们的教育工作者们是解决地球最急迫问题的关键。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，应用转折副词Yet/Though/However。故填Yet或Though或However。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是我仍然持乐观态度，因为全世界的青年人和教育他们的教育工作者们是解决地球最急迫问题的关键。固定短语the key to doing sth.“做某事的关键”。故填solving。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：当我们的学生具备了地理知识，那么他们就能够进行批判性地思考，解决问题，以及 成为我们星球需要的设计师。此处为限定性为定语从句，先行词architects，指人，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或who或whom引导。故填that或who或whom。
10. 考查介词。句意：地理学科知识可以也应该与其他学科进行整合并贯穿于其课程计划中。根据全文可知，本文强调地理学科的重要性，应将地理知识贯穿于其他学科中，应用介词throughout。故填throughout。
2
【答案】11. influential
12. to be
13. dates
14. the
15. generally
16. movements
17. of
18. as/though
19. listing
20. have been updated
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昆剧的影响、起源、表现形式及现状。
11. 考查形容词。句意：昆曲作为中华民族的传统文化艺术形式，是中国最具影响力的传统戏曲之一，也是戏曲家族中不可多得的艺术瑰宝。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词operas，同时与前面的the most一起构成最高级，所以应填形容词形式。故填influential。
12. 考查固定句型。句意：据说是中国歌剧之母的京剧有着相当长的历史。分析句子结构可知，空处考查固定句型“sth.+be+ said +to +do sth.”(据说……)，所以空处需填动词不定式形式。故填to be。
13. 考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：它可以追溯到元朝晚期—600多年前。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词；再结合上下文语境，此处需用一般现在时；主语为It，所以应填第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
14. 考查冠词。句意：在今天中国东部江苏省苏州市附近的昆山是这种剧种的发源地。分析句子结构可知空处应填冠词修饰名词birthplace，又因名词birthplace后面of this type of opera修饰限定，所以空处应填定冠词the表示特指，即“这种剧种的发源地”。故填the。
15. 考查副词。句意：昆曲在音乐、朗诵和表演者优美的动作方面被普遍认为是一种优雅的歌剧。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词形式修饰动词短语is acknowledged as。故填generally。
16. 考查名词。句意：昆曲在音乐、朗诵和表演者优美的动作方面被普遍认为是一种优雅的歌剧。根据空前the performers' beautiful可知，空处应填名词作介词短语in terms of的宾语；又因movement“动作”为可数名词，结合句意应填复数形式。故填movements。
17. 考查介词。句意：它继承了古诗俗言的传统，具有很高的文学价值。分析句子结构可知，空处考查固定结构“be +of +抽象名词= be + adj.(该抽象名词所对应的形容词)”，所以空处需填介词of。故填of。
18. 考查让步状语从句。句意：然而，尽管昆曲很有吸引力，但由于使用了南方方言，大多数人都无法理解它。分析句意及句子结构可知，空处应填连词引导的让步状语从句；又因将作表语的形容词appealing提前了构成倒装，所以填连接词as或though。故填as或though。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但这并没有阻止它在2001年被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作”。分析句子结构可知，设空处作介词from的宾语，应填动名词形式。故填listing。
20. 考查动词时态及语态。句意：包括《牡丹亭》在内的四部古典剧目在过去几年中得到了更新和修复。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词；再结合时间状语in the past few years，此处需用现在完成时；又因主语Four classical plays与动词update之间是动宾关系，所以需用被动语态。故填have been updated。
3
【答案】21. have been performed
22. Named
23. But
24. contributions
25. to get
26. to
27. which
28. was controlled
29. remarkably
30. smaller
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了以希腊月亮女神和阿波罗的孪生姐妹命名的阿尔忒弥斯计划，将于2024年将人类送上月球。这一次，月球将迎来它的第一位女宇航员。文章还介绍了历史上女性参与空间项目的事件和重要意义。
21. 考查时态语态。句意：自上个世纪以来，人们执行了一系列任务来探索月球——地球唯一的天然卫星。根据上文“Since last century”可知应用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为a series of missions，助动词用have。故填have been performed。
22. 考查非谓语动词。句意：以希腊月亮女神和阿波罗的孪生姐妹命名的阿尔忒弥斯计划，将于2024年将人类送上月球。分析句子结构可知name在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the Artemis program是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表示被动。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Named。
23. 考查连词。句意：但阿尔忒弥斯计划将改变这一点。上文提到从来没有女人在月球表面行走过，后文提到阿尔忒弥斯项目将改变这一点，前后为转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
24. 考查名词。句意：当然，女性参与了太空计划并作出了宝贵的贡献。空处作宾语，表示“贡献”应用名词contribution，短语make contributions“作出贡献”。故填contributions。
25. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1963年，苏联宇航员瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃成为第一个进入太空的女性。此处woman由序数词the first修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
26. 考查介词。句意：然而，女性参与太空飞行项目的进展一直很缓慢。短语access to表示“接近，进入”。故填to。
27. 考查定语从句。句意：例如，宇航员必须是有一定经验的试飞员，这在当时是一个问题，因为这个领域是由男性控制的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
28. 考查动词时态语态。句意：例如，宇航员必须是有一定经验的试飞员，这在当时是一个问题，因为这个领域是由男性控制的。根据上文“astronauts had to be test pilots”可知应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为field，谓语动词用单数。故填was controlled。
29. 考查副词。句意：女性在这一特定领域取得了显著进步，可以说比男性同事更有优势。修饰后文动词短语make progress 应用副词remarkably，作状语。故填remarkably。
30. 考查形容词比较级。句意：女性往往体型较小，这意味着她们在小型宇宙飞船中消耗的氧气更少，占用的空间也更小。根据后文“they use less oxygen and take up less space in small spacecrafts”可知女性因为体型较小，应用small的比较级形式。故填smaller。
4
【答案】31. collection
32. fully
33. used
34. to create
35. featuring
36. were performed
37. sends
38. after
39. enjoyable
40. the
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国音乐家方锦龙因对《诗经》故事感兴趣，决心用音乐的语言来描绘这些诗歌，于是邀请作曲家马久越创作专辑《音乐·诗经》。这10首原创歌曲深受观众的喜爱，有助于普及中国传统音乐。
31. 考查名词。句意：《诗歌》，又称《诗经》，是现存最古老的中国诗歌集。由the oldest existing修饰，此处要用名词。故填collection。
32. 考查副词。句意：由于他不能完全理解诗中使用的古文，他求助于专家，专家的详细阐述进一步吸引了他对诗的探索。修饰谓语动词couldn’t understand要用副词，作状语。故填fully。
33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他不能完全理解诗中使用的古文，他求助于专家，专家的详细阐述进一步吸引了他对诗的探索。根据谓语动词couldn’t understand可知此处要用非谓语动词，由the ancient Chinese language与use之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词，作后置定语。故填used。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他决定邀请作曲家马久越创作专辑，用音乐的语言来描绘这些诗歌。根据谓语动词decided to portray可知此处要用非谓语动词，表示目的，要用动词不定式。故填to create。
35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这张名为《音乐·诗经》的专辑于1月18日发行，收录了马久越创作的10首原创歌曲。根据谓语动词was released可知此处要用非谓语动词，the album与feature之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填featuring。
36. 考查时态和语态。句意：这些歌曲由方锦龙演奏，深受观众欢迎。分析句子可知，此处是谓语动词，由并列谓语won可知时态是一般过去时；主语为They，指歌曲，根据They与perform之间是动宾关系，可知此处要用被动语态。故填were performed。
37. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这十首歌是根据《诗经》的十首诗改编而成的，其中包括向帮助他人的人表达感激之情的《琼瑶》、向朋友告别的《燕燕》和描绘欢乐宴会场景的《嘉鱼》。分析句子可知，此处是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，主语which指的是先行词Swallows，根据上文谓语动词conveys可知此处时态也是一般现在时，要用第三人称单数形式。故填sends。
38. 考查连词。句意：年轻人在观看了我的表演后，对中国传统音乐给予了热情的反馈。此处表示与前半句是先后关系，因此要用连词after连接状语从句，意为“在……之后”。故填after。
39. 考查形容词。句意：这10首曲子听起来轻松愉快。根据系动词sound可知此处要用形容词，作表语。故填enjoyable。
40. 考查冠词。句意：我们在这个项目上花了三年时间。根据名词project可知此处要用定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。
5
【答案】41. successfully
42. closer
43. whose
44. was launched
45. searching
46. to attempt
47. By
48. a
49. is expected
50. exploration
【解析】本文是一则新闻报道。文章介绍了中国“天问一号”探测器抵达火星，并成功进入了轨道。
41. 考查副词。句意：在太空旅行7个月后，中国“天问一号”探测器抵达火星，并于周三成功进入轨道——让它离着陆火星表面又近了一步。此处修饰动词entered，应用副词。故填successfully。
42. 考查形容词比较级。句意：在太空旅行7个月后，中国“天问一号”探测器抵达火星，并于周三成功进入轨道——让它离着陆火星表面又近了一步。根据句意，此处有个隐晦的比较意义，表示“更近一步”，所以用比较级形式，one step closer，更近一步，故填closer。
43. 考查定语从句。句意：“天问1号”的意思是“追寻天理”，它由轨道飞行器、着陆器和一个六轮月球车组成。此处是非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词Tianwen-1，并在从句中作name的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
44. 考查时态语态。句意：这艘飞船是去年7月发射的，同时还有另外两项国际火星任务，计划于5月或6月在火星表面着陆。根据last July可知，应用一般过去时，launch与spacecraft是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was launched。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的任务是收集关于火星地质结构、大气、环境和土壤的信息，以及寻找水的迹象。此处与gathering作with的并列宾语，应用动名词形式。故填searching。
46. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着天问一号的发射，中国成为第一个同时发射轨道飞行器和火星车的国家，这是中国首次自主研发的火星任务。当被修饰的中心词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，后面使用不定式作定语。故填to attempt。
47. 考查介词。句意：相比之下，美国宇航局在尝试着陆之前就向火星发射了多个轨道器，因为实现着陆是一项困难得多的任务。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语by contrast。故填By。
48. 考查冠词。句意：相比之下，美国宇航局在尝试着陆之前就向火星发射了多个轨道器，因为实现着陆是一项困难得多的任务。此处泛指“一项困难得多的任务”，且far是发音以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
49. 考查时态语态。句意：中国火星探测器预计将在火星上运行约三个月。此处描述的是目前的情况，应用一般现在时，expect与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is expected。
50. 考查名词。句意：据中国国家航天局称，这是中国深空火星探索的一个里程碑。此处是名词所有格，应用名词exploration，表示探索行为，为不可数名词。故填exploration。
6
【答案】51. its
52. analyzed/analysed
53. monthly
54. performers
55. dozens
56. warmer
57. offering
58. to discover
59. one
60. which
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述根据最近的研究，传统音乐越来越受到年轻人的关注。
51. 考查物主代词。句意：根据最近的一份报告，传统音乐对大量年轻人听众的吸引力越来越大，因为有更多的渠道接触它，以及粉丝的热情。此处的fans是指传统音乐的粉丝，故用物主代词its。故填its。
52. 考查动名词。句意：该报告关注的是戏曲和民间音乐等中国传统艺术，并分析了年龄差异和地域差异。分析句子可知，and连接空出的内容与前面的focused on作并列谓语，由“focused”可知，用一般过去时。故填.analyzed/analysed。
53. 考查副词。句意：它发现，每月有超过1亿人收听中国传统音乐。此处用副词形式作时间状语，故填monthly。
54. 考查名词。句意：据报道，这种流行是由于社交媒体和网络的兴起，也是传统音乐家、歌剧表演家以及流行歌星共同努力的结果。根据句意，此处与traditional musicians，pop stars是并列关系，指“歌剧表演家”，performer“表演家”，是可数名词，此处用名词复数形式。故填performers。
55. 考查固定短语。句意：在新年前夜的音乐会上，民间音乐家方金龙用中国民歌改编了流行歌曲，演奏了许多种乐器，包括琵琶和二胡。dozens of.“许多”，是固定短语，故填dozens。
56. 考查形容词比较级。句意：这场由哔哩哔哩直播的表演得到了年轻观众比以往任何时候都要热烈的反馈。由than可知用比较级，修饰名词用形容词作定语，此处意为：比以往更热烈的反馈，much修饰形容词比较级，故填warmer。
57. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在张艺兴的双语专辑《点燃》中，年轻偶像混合了中国传统元素和现代嘻哈，为年轻的粉丝提供了享受中国氛围的机会，激励他们发现更多有关中国的艺术的东西。分析句子可知，句子的主语是has mixed，offer与谓语动词之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词状语，offer与逻辑主语the young idol是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填offering。
58. 考查动词。句意同上。inspire sb. to do sth,激励某人做某事，接不定式作宾语补足语，故填to discover。
59. 考查代词。句意：报告还给出了昆曲的例子，是中国最古老的戏剧之一，吸引了一亿多90后的听众。one of +最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”，根据句意，此处作上文提到的Kunqu Opera的同位语，表示泛指，故填one。
60. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：报告还给出了昆曲的例子，是中国最古老的戏剧之一，吸引了一亿多90后的听众。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Kunqu Opera,从句缺少主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句，只能用which。故填which。
【考前预测5】应用文写作
1
假设你是明启学校的高三年级学生李磊，你的英国笔友Paul来信，分享了他们高中将要举办“中国文化节”的消息，并想听听你的看法。请你就此给Paul写封回信。你的回信必须包括：
* 简述你对举办这个“中国文化节”意义的认识；
* 至少建议一项“中国文化节”的活动，并提供相关具体的操作信息。
(注：信中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
假定你是李华，你们学校近期开展了以“十八而志，感恩与责任”为主题的十八岁成人礼仪式（Adult Ceremony),请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参加人员；
2.活动目的与内容；
3.活动反响。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80~100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校将于下个月开展“探索太空”主题活动周。你校交换生Jim对太空科学非常感兴趣，请你给Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 主题活动周的目的；
2. 主题活动周的内容。
注意： 1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
4
假定你是高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Peter正在做一项关于中国高三学生做家务的调查，想了解你的情况，请给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你平时做家务的情况；
2.你对高三学生做家务的看法。
注意：
1.词数 100 词左右；
2.可适当增加细节, 使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
5
假如你是李华，申请去伦敦大学深造。伦敦大学来信询问你对选择专业课的学习情况。现在请你 以李华的身份回一封信。
内容要点：
1.你计划选择的科目；
2.选择该学科的理由；
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。
Dear Sir / Madam ,
I'm very delighted to have heard from you, asking about
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you.
Your sincerely,
Li Hua
6
你校英语戏剧社要举办一场演出。剧社请你在学校宣传栏“英语角”发布一则通知。
内容包括：
1.剧目的名称；
2.演出的时间、地点；
3.观看时的要求。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
1
【参考范文】
Dear Paul,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my suggestions on the Chinese Culture Festival that will be held at your school soon. I do have something to share and I hope they can be useful for you.
Holding this Chinese Culture Festival will be of great significance. It will help you learn more about Chinese Culture and understand China further. Chinese calligraphy is the spirit of Chinese Culture, so my suggestion is that you can arrange a Chinese calligraphy exhibition. Also, you can have your schoolmates to experience the art of writing with a brush, which will be certain to interest everyone.
I hope my idea will be useful and I am ready to give you my help at your request.
yours,
Li Lei
【解析】本篇书面表达属于建议信，要求考生给英国笔友Paul回信，就他们高中举办“中国文化节”这一活动提供一些建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestion
重要性：importance→significance
展出：show→exhibition
要求：demand→request
2.句式拓展
原句：Holding this Chinese Culture Festival will be of great significance. It will help you learn more about Chinese Culture and understand China further.
拓展句：Holding this Chinese Culture Festival will be of great significance because It will help you learn more about Chinese Culture and understand China further.
2
【参考范文】
Our school has recently launched an Adult Ceremony to encourage us to strive with gratitude and responsibility.
Attending the ceremony were school leaders, teachers and students who are,18 years old.The president expressed on behalf of the school his wish that we should stay hungry for knowledge and never let down the high expectations of teachers,parents and others in society.After the speech of the school leaders,we students took the collective oath and wrote down our dreams.
This event turned out a great success, convincing us that it's our duty to aim high while doing solid work.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校近期开展了以“十八而志，感恩与责任”为主题的十八岁成人礼仪式（Adult Ceremony)，要求考生就此为校英文报写一篇报道。
【详解】
词汇积累
举办：hold→launch
求知若渴：stay thirsty for knowledge →stay hungry for knowledge
使失望：disappoint→let down
结果，证明是：result in→turn out
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This event turned out a great success, convincing us that it’s our duty to aim high while doing solid work.
拓展句：Although we were all very tired, this event turned out a great success, convincing us that it’s our duty to aim high while doing solid work.
3
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
Knowing that you’re interested in space science, I’m delighted to tell you that a Space Exploration Week will be held in our school next month. Welcome to join in it.
It aims to raise the students’ awareness of exploring space and motivate students to love science. In the Space Exploration Week, students will take part in various activities, such as watching science fiction films on the theme, attending a lecture named “Going into Beautiful Space”, reading books about space discovery, visiting an exhibition about vast space and so on.
I believe it will enrich our mind. Come and join us! I’m looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给给Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校将于下个月开展“探索太空”主题活动周。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
参加：take part in→participate in
激励：motivate→inspire
参观：visit→look around
2.拓展句式
简单句变复合句
原句：It aims to raise the students’ awareness of exploring space and motivate students to love science.
拓展句：It is held so that it can raise the students’ awareness of exploring space and motivate students to love science.
4
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are conducting a survey of the housework that high school students do at home, I’m writing to inform you about what I do.
Although my school schedule is rather tight, I still manage to help with the housework from time to time. Not only do I clean up after dinner, but I also deal with other things like sweeping and dusting.
I hold the opinion that high school students should do some housework. For one thing, it is by doing housework that we learn to shoulder responsibility. For another, I find the time spent doing housework with my parents really fun and rewarding. I hope that what I mentioned above will be of great use to your survey.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Peter写封信，为他正在做的一项关于中国高三学生做家务的调查提供信息。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
实施：conduct→carry out
调查：survey→research
紧张的：tight→tense
有时：from time to time=sometimes
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：For another, I find the time spent doing housework with my parents really fun and rewarding.
拓展句：For another, I find the time spent doing housework with my parents is really fun and rewarding.
5
【参考范文】
Dear Sir / Madam,
I’m very delighted to have heard from you, asking about my major in your university. After careful consideration, I decide to take English literature there.
Firstly, I enjoy reading stories both in Chinese and English. So far, I’ve read many Chinese novels as well as English novels, which arouses my great interest in literature and lays a strong foundation for me to go on with my study in this field. Secondly, as I live in the countryside with my parents, I have a lot of living experiences and hope strongly to share them with others. Thirdly, I want to help the world have a better understanding of China through literature. I’m sure that I have the ability to reach my goal with your help.
Thank you.
Your sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生对于你申请去伦敦大学深造，伦敦大学来信询问你对选择专业课的学习情况来回一封信。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
很高兴：be happy to=be delighted to
和：and=as well as
引起兴趣：appeal to=arouse one’s great interest in
收到来信：receive letter=hear from
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：After careful consideration, I decide to take English literature there.
拓展句：It is after careful consideration that I decide to take English literature there.
6
【参考范文】
Notice
The English Drama Club is putting on a performance in the school hall at 2:00 next Friday afternoon. The play is a heart-warming story–The Gift of the Magi. All those who are interested are welcome. While watching the play, you should put your masks on just on the safe side. Do not leave your seats in the middle of the performance unless it is an emergency. You are also expected to respect the hall by leaving it in the same condition as when you arrived.
The English Drama Club
April 4th,2021
【解析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生写一则通知，说明英语戏剧社要举办一场演出的细节信息。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
上演：put on→perform
紧急情况：emergency→urgency
尊重：respect→esteem
到达：arrive→reach
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The play is a heart-warming story–The Gift of the Magi.
拓展句：The play is a heart-warming story whose name is The Gift of the Magi.
【考前预测6】读后续写
1．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
One dark night during the summer holidays, I walked over to my friend Jeremy's house to stay over. We were going to have a movie marathon of our favorite sci-fi adventure film series and stay up late with some snacks and drinks. I had not been to his house before because he had only recently moved, so I asked him to text me over his new address: 64 Cherry Tree Road.
Jeremy's new street was a nice part of town, lined with tall trees and most of the houses had a hedge or fence at the front. Some of the houses had their numbers on the gate, some on the house, and some didn't seem to have a number at all. It had started to cloud over as I left my house, and as I turned on to his road, it began to rain. As the rain got heavier, I rushed to find number sixty-four and eventually found it ... or so I thought. I walked past number 62, so assumed it was the next one, which appeared to have no number. You see, usually the odd numbers are on one side of the street, the even numbers on the other.
I walked quickly up the driveway to the front door. It was very dark too and there were no lights on inside the house, which did seem strange. However, I was getting drenched(湿透的) and wanted to get inside! I rang the bell, but nobody came, so I rang and knocked again. Then I noticed there was house number after all. A ridiculous small one that said 63. There was a sudden thud(呯的一声) inside the apparently empty house, and a moment later the front door opened violently.
A hooded(戴兜帽的) man with a beard and blue glasses hurried past me and ran into the street. There was a shout from inside: “Wait for me, Rob!!” Another man rushed out, but he dropped what he was carrying and tripped on the doorstep. The other man shouted from the road “C'mon, Kev!!” he picked himself up and looked at me before racing after his friend.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
I looked at what the second man had dropped; it was jewellery.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“You were brave for trying stop them,” said the officer.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
I looked at what the second man had dropped; it was jewellery. It all happened too quickly, but I soon realized what had happened. They were burglars. My friend Jeremy, who was waiting for me, quickly ran out. when hearing unusual noises. We called the police and they were there 5 minutes later. I gave the police officer descriptions of the thieves and told them the names they had called out.
“You were brave for trying stop them,” said the officer: “We should be able to catch them with your information.” Jeremy told the officer the owners of the house were on holiday and gave him a phone number. When the officer left, I told Jeremy about the mistake with the door numbers. I hadn't really been brave at all, but my mix-up had stopped the burglars getting away with the jewelry. Jeremy's neighbor thanked me a lot when they came back.Actually I have been enjoying myself.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在晚上，作者在去找好朋友杰里米家的时候，找错门牌号，但是遇到两个窃贼从房里出来。于是作者和听到异常声音的好朋友一起报警，警察来询问情况并且称赞作者勇敢，房子的主人也很感谢作者。但作者知道这是因为自己找错门牌号才发现窃贼，但还是感到很开心。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我看了看第二个人掉下来的东西；这是珠宝。”可知，第一段可描写作者发现他们是小偷，然后和听到异常声音跑来的好朋友杰里米一起报警。
②由第二段首句内容“‘你试图阻止他们是很勇敢的。’警官说。”可知，第二段可描写警察向作者询问情况。房主知道情况后非常感谢作者，但作者知道这是因为自己找错门牌号才发现窃贼，但作者还是感到很开心。
2.续写线索：看到——意识到——报警——抓住——非常感谢——过得开心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看到：look at/see/catch sight of
②意识到：realize/ be aware of
③报警：called the police/ reported the accident to the police/tell the police
④抓住：catch /trap /grasp
情绪类
①非常感谢：thank sb. a lot/show one's gratitude to sb./be grateful to sb.
②过得开心：enjoy oneself/be happy
2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mrs. Peterson was my tenth-grade biology teacher, a cool woman in her late twenties. She has taught us for several months. She was an easygoing and nice teacher that loved to walk into our heart and often cared about us. And she had a wonderful way of making the most boring lessons fun. All of these made her popular with all of us students.
On a Tuesday morning, early before the biology class, we were seated in the classroom as usual, waiting for the coming of Mrs. Peterson. To our surprise, it was a teacher we were not familiar with that stepped into our class. She wore white tennis shoes and thick glasses. “Hi, everyone. I am Mrs. Ferguson,” she introduced herself. And then she added, “From now on, I'll teach you biology. Mrs. Peterson has had her baby, and she couldn't return to teaching this year.”
Hearing the unexpected news, all of us immediately felt upset and missed Mrs. Peterson. During Mrs. Ferguson's first class given to us, clearly we were not as active as before. And actually, during Mrs. Ferguson's several following classes, we still remained inactive. One reason was that there seemed to be a thick wall standing between Mrs. Ferguson and us.
I was a basketball cheerleader of our school. One day after school and a long cheerleading practice, my friend Alex and I were looking for a place to fix our hair before attending the tryout（选拔）for cheerleaders in a national basketball game. When walking past Mrs. Ferguson's room, we were surprised to see her at her desk grading papers. Seeing us look at her, she said with a smile, “Hi, girls, can I help you?”
Hearing it, we stopped. “We're just looking for a place to plug in（给…接通电源）our hair-fixing-tool, ”I said. She probably considered we were vain（自负的）and stupid cheerleaders.
注意：
1. 续写的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thinking of that, my face felt hot.
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When we were to leave, Mrs. Ferguson said, “Can I watch your tryout?”
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【答案】
Thinking of that, my face felt hot. But then Mrs. Ferguson said, "If you don't mind, you can come into my room." When we entered Mrs. Ferguson's room, she helped to plug in our hair-fixing-tool. Then she helped us fix our hair actively. While helping us fix our hair, she asked what we would do. We told her that we would attending the tryout for cheerleaders in a national basketball game. She was so excited that she kept encouraging us to make it. We talked about a lot about cheerleaders and she had been listening patiently.
When we were to leave, Mrs. Ferguson said, “Can I watch your tryout?” We were all surprised and said happily, "Of course". She laughed like a child. On the day of the tryout, she actually showed up for the competition. When we watched her in the audience, she shouted at us loudly," Come on, my Girls". Each of us gathered our strength and worked hard to perform and then finally we won. When the judge declared us the winner, she came up and hugged with everyone. From then on, we got along well with her as friends.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了我们新换的生物老师Mrs. Ferguson，从一开始和Mrs. Ferguson的相处中，作者和她的同学觉得和Mrs. Ferguson之间有一堵厚厚的墙，无法跨越。直到作者和她的同学准备参加篮球赛的啦啦队选拔的时候，得到了Mrs. Ferguson的帮助，并亲自去现场为她们鼓励加油，选拔最终获胜，她们和Mrs. Ferguson也成为了朋友般的师生。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“想到这一点，我的脸感觉很热。”可知，第一段可描写Mrs. Ferguson并没让我们继续尴尬下去，而是主动的帮助我们，并且询问关于选拔的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“当我们要离开时，Mrs. Ferguson说：‘我能看一下你们的选拔吗？’”可知，第二段可描写我们同意Mrs. Ferguson去看我们的选拔，并且她真的去了，为我们鼓励加油，最后我们取得胜利，和她也像朋友一样友好的相处下去。
2.续写线索：进入——帮助——参加——鼓励——积极地——开心地
3.词汇激活
行为类
①进入：enter /come into/get into
②帮助：help /be helpful to/do sb. a favor
③参加：attend/participate in/take part in
④鼓励：encourage/urge/inspire
情绪类
①积极地：actively/positively
②开心地：happily/with pleasure
3．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was on September 5th, my birthday, that we left Cambridge and moved away. We went to the seaside，to our holiday house，which was now to be our permanent home.
I remember the day was cold and grey， in falling slowly but constantly. My father drove in silence. No one spoke and all we could hear was the sound of the tyres on the wet road When we got to the small house near the sea，my mother quietly started to unpack the few things we had brought with us. Carol，Julie and I went down to the beach. We said we were going to look for crabs in the rockpools but actually，we just wanted to get away from our father and his cold silence.
We climbed along the rocks by the side of the beach. Julie and Carol became interested in some shells they found in one of the pools. I wandered away, lost in my private thoughts. It was my birthday, but no one had said “Happy Birthday” to me. I had not received any cards or presents.
I walked down to the seashore, where the waves were breaking lazily against the muddy sand. Suddenly, I saw something green sticking out of the water. I looked at it more carefully. The green thing moved closer and closer to the shore, and when it was almost near enough for me to touch, I realized what it was.
It was a bottle. I went over and picked it up, all the time looking at it. It seemed old, and had no label on it. Then 1 realized there was something inside. Slowly, I pulled out the wet cork from the top of the bottle. Inside was a piece of paper. With great care, 1 took out the folded paper and opened it.
Written on it were these words:
“To whomsoever finds this bottle, I promise you a new friend. ”
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around.
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Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me.
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【答案】
Paragraph 1
I stared at the paper and then looked around. There came a boy, who promised to be my friend. I didn’t know what to say, so I kept in silence. He told me that he wanted to be my new friend. “what was said in the paper was true” I said to myself. and he took a lot of presents for my birthday. I was very touched to receive so many gifts.it really was an amazing bottle.
Paragraph 2
As I opened my eyes, I found my father standing right beside me. My father told me that it was time for me to go to school. He asked me why I woke up so late. That’s because I had a sweet dream. In the dream, I made a new friend, and he gave me many presents to celebrate my birthday, “It’s a sweet dream.” said my father. “but one thing is true, today is your birthday.” Have a look at what we got for you. When I opened the box, it was the football I really wanted. I could have never been happier. It was then I realized that my family members were also my best friends.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在我的生日那天，我们一家人去了海边的度假屋。父亲默默地开着车，当我们到了海边的那所小房子后，为了逃避父亲和他冰冷的沉默，我去了海岸边，注意到了一个瓶子，里面有张纸条，上面写着：“谁找到了这个瓶子，我保证给你一个新朋友”
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我盯着这张纸条，然后环顾四周。”可推断，第一段可描写作者捡到瓶子环顾四周后发生的事情。
②由第二段首句内容“我睁开眼睛，发现父亲就站在我身边。”可推断，第二段可描写作者醒来看到父亲后的事情。
2.续写线索：过生日—失落——礼物——开心——梦境
3.词汇激活
行为类
①保持： keep/remain/stay
②意识到：realize/learn
情绪类
①感到： touch/move
②吃惊的：amazing/surpring/astonishing
4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On February 4, while working on a construction site in Gratiot County, Michigan, Hansen heard terrified screams coming from nearby. He stopped his work and looked up. Standing on the back porch(门廊) of the home next door was a little boy yelling “Help!” while four fierce dogs barked madly in a circle below him.
At first, Hansen thought it was just a dog fight. Then alarm bells went off in his head. “The noises they made sounded like what dogs do when they’re killing something,” he says. His thought proved right when another young boy suddenly popped up in the middle of the dogs, and Hansen watched in horror as they sank in their teeth and threw him across the grass like a small doll.
“He was shirtless and covered in blood, and those dogs were trying to kill him.” says Hansen.
Hansen raced across the grass, jumped the fence, and landed in the neighbor’s yard. He shouted at the dogs, but they ignored him. Then he displayed the most aggression that he could manage, yelling louder until they let go just long enough for Hansen to catch eight-year-old Ethan Nokes around the stomach and bear-hug him. “I couldn’t hold him under his armpits(腋窝), which would have made it easier to run, because they were torn wide open,” says Hansen.
As Hansen dashed across the yard, the dogs bounced on him, biting at Ethan. Hansen rushed onto the steps. So did the dogs. When he reached the top, he pulled on a door; it wouldn’t open. “A dog grabbed Ethan’s foot, and I thought they were going to get him back from me,” he says.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hansen tried a second door. It sprang open.
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With the house quiet, he went to check on Ethan in the bedroom.
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【答案】
Paragraph1:
Hansen tried a second door. It sprang open. He rushed inside, followed closely by the dogs. He opened a bedroom door a crack, shoved Ethan in, and then slammed it shut. He turned and faced the dogs that were surrounding him. Hansen screamed and yelled, managing to chase them out and shut the door. The dogs sat outside, glaring at him.
Paragraph 2:
With the house quiet, he went to check on Ethan in the bedroom. Rescue arrived soon after, and Ethan was airlifted to the hospital, where he underwent surgery for the more than 30 bite wounds he’d suffered from head to toe. Hansen, meanwhile, walked away with scratches on his legs and forehead. After two months, Ethan was fully recovered. Ethan pays frequent visits to Hansen, and he and his brother once even came and stayed overnight. Clearly, Hansen has become more than his savior.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Hansen听到邻居家孩子的求救声，起初他以为只是狗打架，但是狗的声音听起来不对劲。走过去，Hansen看到惊恐的一幕：狗群在攻击八岁的男孩Ethan Nokes。Hansen立刻冲过去拼尽了全力拯救Ethan，狗也拼死追在他们后面。终于Hansen抱着Ethan跑回到房子里，而后把狗赶了出去。Ethan被送去了医院治疗。Hansen不止Ethan的救星。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“Hansen试了试另一扇门。它打开了。”可知，第一段可描写Hansen抱着Ethan回到房子，并设法赶走了狗。
②.由第二段首句内容“屋里安静了下来，他到卧室去看”可知，第二段可描写Ethan被送去了医院治疗。Hansen不止Ethan的救星。
2.续写线索：他们回到房子——Hansen赶狗过程——Ethan送去医院——Hansen不仅是救星
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.冲跑：run/ rush/ dash
②.成功做某事：manage to do/ succeed in doing/ be successful in doing
③.走开：walk away/ go away
情绪类
①.明显地：clearly/ obviously/ distinctly
②.时常的：frequent/ constant
【考前预测7】概要写作
1．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize (强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries -like the UK or France -people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment (多元文化环境)will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
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【答案】
It can be very challenging to meet people from another culture due to cultural misunderstandings. (要点1) Some cultures value personal relationship building while others pay less attention to it. (要点2)People from different parts of the world also have very different attitudes towards whether they should talk more and stay silent. (要点3) Even in some similar cultural backgrounds, people deal with things in different ways. (要点4)So the key solution is to better understand each other. (要点5)
【解析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，并说明要加强互相了解和认识。
通读全文，我们可以从以下五方面进行总结：文化冲突导致来自不同文化的人在相互理解方面有问题；一些文化认为人际关系重要，而另一些不太注重这方面；对于应该表达自己还是保持沉默，来自不同文化的人有不同的态度；即使文化背景相同，人们对同样的事情也有不同的处理方法；解决文化冲突的关键是相互理解。
故本文可以概括为：It can be very challenging to meet people from another culture due to cultural misunderstandings. (要点1) Some cultures value personal relationship building while others pay less attention to it. (要点2)People from different parts of the world also have very different attitudes towards whether they should talk more and stay silent. (要点3) Even in some similar cultural backgrounds, people deal with things in different ways. (要点4)So the key solution is to better understand each other. (要点5)
2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。
Although being famous might sound like a dream come taste, today’s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to the psychologists, celebrities(名人)worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. Over little, they feel separated and alone.
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B C．, painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles ghoul filth-slats in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modem cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their "story" alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome. Why aren’t all celebrities running away from it’? The answer is there arc still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made theme famous in the first place. With these effective approaches, some celebrities relieve the stress and remain popular with fans. Consequently, though being famous is driving some stars crazy, some wise ones enjoy what reputation brings them.
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【答案】
Living in the public gaze, stars suffer from great pressure. (要点1) What’s worse, anxiety over their public appearance robs them of the objective self-image, which leads to the feeling of isolation in the long term. (要点2) While being tracked has been a headache to celebrities for centuries, modern cameras and the Internet make it harder to be famous nowadays. (要点3、4) However, by dealing with the stress wisely, stars still can stay popular and happy. (要点5)
【解析】这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明到生活在众目睽睽之下，明星们承受着巨大的压力。更糟的是，对他们的公众形象的焦虑剥夺了他们客观的自我形象，这导致长期的孤立感。几个世纪以来，被跟踪一直是令名人头疼的问题，但现代相机和互联网让如今成名变得更加困难。然而，通过明智地处理压力，明星们仍然可以保持受欢迎和快乐。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
3．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Paperless office was first coined in 1975. Four decades later, we’re still chasing the paperless office dream. Take the financial industry for example—it is one of the slower industries to hug digital transformation. Many financial institutions today still send out trade conformations by mail. I can tell you from first-hand experience that going paperless is by no means impossible. The Centric Digital office is a paperless work environment where all the office operations go digital, which has amazed our business partners.
Actually companies need to stress the benefits of a digital culture for communications. Going paperless can save time and money. You could say goodbye to costly repairs, office supply orders, wasted employee time and so on. Besides, forbidding paper in the office forces information to be 100% digital, where you can make endless amounts of backups (备份), which easily increase transparency(透明). Not to mention, top talents want to work for digital companies.
You might think the secret to a paperless company is purely technology. Well, not really. Thanks to products like iPads, smart-phones and cloud services, the ability to go paperless is highly accessible. Yet, even with all this technology, companies continue to rely on paper. It's not because they don’t have access to the technology, but because they’re lacking the politics, organizational structure and strong desire to change. In order to go paperless, companies need to change the way they think and operate. The decision needs to be made and cried out and everyone needs to work together to make it.
Yes, the paperless office has been a very long time in the making but it no longer has to be. With numerous amounts of software, services, apps and technology available today, the only thing we need to do is to make the decision to go paperless and see it through.
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【答案】
We're still in pursuit of the paperless office dream forty years after its first invention. (要点1) To reach the goal, corporation should highlight the advantages of going paperless in Economy, efficiency and attracting talented staff. (要点2)They should also be determined to shift their politics and operation. (要点3)Therefore, it won’t be long before we attain the goal if we make up our minds.(要点4)
【解析】本文是一篇概要写作，注意要使用自己的语言和词数要求。
第一段的“Four decades later, were still chasing the paperless office dream”表明在无纸化办公的第一个发明40年后，我们仍然在追求它（We're still in pursuit of he paperless office dream forty years after its first invention.）；第二段中的“Actually companies need to stress the benefits of a digital culture for communications.”表明企业需强调数字文化对沟通的优势，接着从经济、效率以及吸引人才三个方面介绍了无纸化的优势，概括为为了实现这一目标，企业应突出无纸化在经济、效率及吸引人才方面的优势（To reach the goal corporation should highlight the advantages of going paperless in Economy, efficiency and attracting talented staff.）；第三段中的“In order to go paperless, companies need to change the way they think and operate.”表明为了他们还应该下决心改变政策和运作（They should also be determined to shift their politics and operation.）；第四段中的 “but it no longer has to be”及“With numerous amounts of software, services, apps and technology available today, the only thing we need to do is to make the decision to go paperless and see it through.”表明如果我们下定决心，用不了多久就会达到目标（Therefore, it won’t be long before we attain the goal if we make up our minds.）。
4．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责) ——being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities ——are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.
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【答案】
Conscientious people have a lot in common: they are strict with themselves and helpful to others while at work. (要点1) On the one hand, conscientiousness contributes to better job performances especially for those who work at lower levels and therefore means lower chance of unemployment.（要点2） On the other hand, for lack of adequate social skills and novel ideas, their relationship with co-workers can be unpleasant and their work less satisfactory. （要点3）
【解析】本题要求写一篇概要，属于说明文。
首先，阅读材料，了解文章的基本内容。本篇阅读材料的核心内容是: 首先是对于“认真尽责”的定义（要点1），其次，指出在工作中具备认真尽责的态度的重要性：工作更出色且是不容易失业（要点2），最后，说明认真尽责可能导致的问题：与同事之间关系紧张且工作中缺少创造力（要点3）。本篇文章的写作思路就是围绕“什么是认真尽责——认真尽责的优点——认真尽责的缺点”展开。文章简明扼要，涵盖所有内容，结构层次清晰，在衔接词（for one thing, for another, however, therefore, thus等）的使用上也非常合理，使文章更顺畅。








终 极 押 卷
2021年高考终极押题卷（新课标）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
★Kidding Around Kindergarten Early Childhood Teacher - Sydney
We are looking to employ a motivated and enthusiastic Early Childhood Teacher full-time.
Essential: New graduates welcome, appropriate Early Childhood qualifications
Interests and devotion in working with children
Good interpersonal and communication skills
Forward resume (简历) to: kiddingaroundkindy@bigpond.com
PH: 0400-626-897
★Children’s Services Child Care Worker
A permanent part-time position is available at Ku Killara Pre-school, Killara to work Thursday and Friday 7.6 hours per day. Salary within the range $16.5203 per hour to $17.0818 per hour, depending upon qualifications and experience.
Make your career at a place that’s about growing, learning and developing, go to www.ku.com.au
For more detailed information, call 0401-438-487
★Receptionist Required!
Working for a professional company in the CBD Monday to Friday, 9am - 5pm
Providing quality, professional and polite service to all clients and customers
Dealing with faxes and mail
No experience required
General ad hoc (临时的，专门的) duties as required
To apply online, please contact Gemma Barber on gemma.barber@gemteq.com.au, quoting the Job Title.
★Ku-ring-gai Council Gordon, NSW Library Assistant - Gordon
Salary: $38,175 - $44,283 p/a
7 day rostering (工作时间轮翻) system - some evening and weekend work may be required
Class C driver Licence and experience required
Council is seeking an enthusiastic person for the position of Library Assistant. You will assist the Gordon Branch Librarian in providing efficient and effective library services to the general public and Council staff as required. The position requires effective communication, interpersonal and organizational skills, and alphabetical (字母), literacy (读写) and numerical (数字的) abilities.
Further application details on our website www.kmc.nsw.gov.au/jobs
Contact: Margaret Phillis, Sydney, NSW Australia
Ph: 9424 0910
21. Who do you suppose would be most probably interested in the above information?
A. Full-time students. B. Advertisers.
C. Job hunters. D. Employers.
22. If you don’t want to work more than two days, which of the above jobs is suitable for you?
A. Early Childhood Teacher. B. Child Care Worker.
C. Receptionist. D. Library Assistant.
23. When looking for a job, one who has neither qualifications nor working experience can try to ______.
A. contact Gemma Barber B. call 0400-626-897
C. call 0401-438-487 D. contact Margaret Phillis
B
Two words can sum up the life of Dr. Catana Starks—determination and achievement. Now the story of one of her many accomplishments—she’s the first African-American woman in history to coach a male college sports team—is a movie!
The story is about Starks, who was the golf coach at her alma mater(母校) Tennessee State University, a traditionally Black College in Nashville. Starks’ distinctive coaching style and her achievements in the face of many challenges in her position and in life is what will leave audiences inspired. She had to drive the team bus, wash her players’ golf clothes, and had to constantly find places for her team to practice. Starks credits her strength to one woman in her life—her mother.
A native of Mobile, Alabama, Starks was diagnosed with severe asthma(哮喘). Doctors told her mother she could never participate in sports. “My mother, she had an almost mystical belief of not being limited by circumstances”, says Starks, “so I grew up with a basketball goal in the backyard.” Asthma wasn’t the only challenge; she grew up in the segregated(被隔离的) South of the 1940s, “I learned to swim. I had to walk four miles in Mobile to get to a Black pool”.
After getting the men’s golf coach job, Starks couldn’t find golfers. None of the males on campus would play. “Initially that didn’t work out because I was female,” said Starks. She had to innovate by recruiting internationally, via telephone. The calls attracted players from Sweden to South Africa. During nearly twenty years in her charge her former players have distinguished themselves throughout the world including: Sam Puryear, the former Michigan State University golf coach-the first African American in its history, and Robert Dinwiddie, an All-American golfer at TSU and a current member of the European Tour having achieved three consecutive Top-10 finishes in South Africa. Starks’ determination really paid off when the T-State Tigers won the National Minority Golf Championship in 2005. And another distinction for her career, ninety percent of the players graduated!
24. Which of the following is NOT a challenge Starks faced in her career?
A. Being the team bus driver.
B. Doing the laundry for her players.
C. Walking to the Black swimming pool.
D. Finding venues for team practice.
25. What did Starks learn from her mother?
A. An optimistic attitude towards life.
B. A strong will to overcome tough situations.
C. A willingness to push the limits of her body.
D. Her distinctive coaching style.
26. Starks had a rough start as a golf coach because of _________.
A. racial discrimination B. her gender
C. her physical condition D. her lack of experience
27. The achievements of Starks’ players are mentioned to illustrate _________.
A. like teacher like student B. education is the key to success
C. practice makes perfect D. equality is greater than division
C
After Scott Kelly spent a year in space, his genetic expression changed, according to a NASA study that compared the bodily changes between the astronaut and his identical twin, who stayed on Earth while Kelly was aboard the International Space Station. About 7 percent of Kelly’s gene activity has yet to “return to normal” — almost two years after his yearlong spaceflight mission came to an end. Kelly has since retired from NASA. The Twins Study，as it’s been called，looked at what happened to Kelly — both physiologically and psychologically :— before，during and after his trip in space，and then compared that data to Kelly’s twin brother，Mark Kelly，also a retired NASA astronaut.
Unlike his brother who spent months at a time in space，Mark’s missions were on the shorter side. His last — and longest — mission，which took place in 2011，lasted 15 days.
“By measuring large numbers of the brother’s metabolites，cytokines (代谢物、细胞活素）and proteins，researchers learned that spaceflight is associated with oxygen deprivation (匮乏）stress， increased inflammation (炎症），and nutrient changes that affect gene expression，” NASA said.
Although most of the biological changes Kelly experienced in space disappeared in the hours and days (and in some cases? weeks) after his return to Earthy, NASA said some changes appear to have continued. While 93 percent of his genetic expression has returned to normal, several hundred “space genes” still have changed activity levels，the data suggests， which, NASA said, could indicate “longer-term changes” in genetic expression caused by the stresses of spaceflight.
NASA said the research could provide important knowledge of the effects of long-term spaceflight on the human body, and that it will influence its planning for a mission to Mars, which would see astronauts spending some three years in space.
Reacting to the news of the study results, Kelly expressed amazement at his body’s changes， and also used the opportunity to make fun of his brother. “This could be good news,” he joked on Twitter. “I no longer have to call Mark my identical twin brother anymore.”
28. What can be learnt about Mark Kelly?
A. He’s still working for NASA. B. He has only been to space once.
C. He hasn’t gone on a spaceflight mission yet.
D. He never stayed in space for a whole month.
29. What does NASA’s research show about genetic expression changes?
A. They’re dangerous to astronaunts.
B. Most of them won’t last very long.
C. They’re mainly caused by psychological stress.
D. Some can occur during short-term spaceflight.
30. What can we know about the Twins Study?
A. It involved many twin participants.
B. It ended soon after Scott Kelly’s last spaceflight.
C. It only studied Scott Kelly’s physical changes.
D. It will be valuable to NASA’s Mars mission.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Mark Kelly will lose his twin brother soon.
B. Scott Kelly always looks on the bright side.
C. Scott Kelly doesn’t like his twin brother.
D. Scott Kelly seems to have a sense of humor.
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
32. According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A. was a classic in theoretical physics
B. turned out to be comprehensible
C. needed further improvement
D. attracted few professionals
33. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant.
C. Unattractive. D. Imprecise.
34. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A. The application of research findings.
B. The principle of scientific research.
C. The selection of young talents.
D. The evaluation of laboratories.
35. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What makes Einstein great?
B. Will science be professionalized?
C. Could Einstein get published today?
D. How will modern science make advances?
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Politeness is the practical application of good manners, the goal of which is to make all of the parties relaxed and comfortable. It's a flexible management of words and actions, by which we make other people have a better opinion of us and themselves. It seeks to build a positive relationship. 36. .
However, in the rush of daily life being polite is social behavior that we find rare nowadays. 37. . They don’t even take the time to look around. This has led to the loss of simple social rules some might take for granted and that are particularly powerful.
38. , people become less and less attentive to others’ feelings, for human interaction (互动) is almost lost. Take for instance the rudeness we tolerate when a person is looking at his phone when talking to us.
Being polite is not just a simple social elegance. 39. . These days “Please” and “Thank You” are forgotten. And not many people are aware that these two simple words can easily open or close any door to us. Unfortunately, they often forget to say these words.
Hope is not lost. There are many ways we can improve our behavior to achieve skills in politeness. There are simple things we can do to be considered as a polite and well-mannered person.40. , they will respect you back. Just make a change in our behavior to start. Use simple words like “Excuse me”, “Please”, and “Thank you” every day. Be kind to receive kindness. Care and politeness will get you far in all aspects of life.
A. As technology progresses
B. People have become more self-absorbed
C. As long as you show your politeness for people
D. Since for many people being polite remains a challenge
E.Many languages have specific means to show politeness
F.It aims to respect a person’s need to be liked and understood
G.It’s also about being kind, caring and respectful to another person
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
We have a problem that is deeply rooted in our world today. When it comes to the holidays, people tend to forget that it's the season of giving, 41 the season of receiving. We tend to be more 42 about what we'll receive on Christmas morning as opposed to looking at the holidays as 43 to help out those who don't have it as good as we do.
So, how can we 44 the culture around the holidays and make sure that people are emphasizing the opportunity to 45 as much as they are looking forward to opening up their stockings? During this holiday season, many people receive countless 46 from organizations seeking gifts to help them fulfill their mission: helping the old, providing food for the poor, 47 for the homeless, care for 48 animals and more.
Giving 49 is the right thing to do, though many of us are 50 by the task. Whether or not we have much money to 51 , it isn't always easy to 52 what we have worked so hard for, especially when we have set 53 goals—saving for retirement, a vacation or a rainy day.
Even with so many reasons to be unwilling, the advantages of giving outweigh them all. When we give to those in need, either 54 to persons or through 55 , we make a positive 56 to the lives of others and to our own.
As we are reminded, giving ensures that we are not 57 by material things, but free through the abundance of 58 . That we have all things is not because we have a good 59 of money in the bank, not because we have skill and intelligence with which to 60 bread, but because we are fortunate enough. May we be good at giving from what we have received from our fortune.
41. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
42. A. concerned B. appreciated C. careless D. surprised
43. A. plan B. time C. relief D. choice
44. A. change B. reserve C. keep D. doubt
45. A. find B. hold C. give D. take
46. A. decisions B. requests C. questions D. comments
47. A. dream B. shelter C. policy D. payment
48. A. abused B. small C. lovely D. domestic
49. A. casually B. confidently C. temporarily D. selflessly
50. A. frightened B. confused C. amazed D. challenged
51. A. submit B. spare C. bargain D. hide
52. A. figure out B. get hold of C. give away D. take charge of
53. A. financial B. reasonable C. incredible D. special
54. A. gradually B. apparently C. directly D. precisely
55. A. comparisons B. parents C. efforts D. organizations
56. A. energy B. thinking C. impression D. difference
57. A. upset B. excited C. bound D. accessible
58. A. delay B. faith C. danger D. hesitation
59. A. control B. command C. knowledge D. store
60. A. win B. count C. note D. sponsor
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bioprinting is medically and bio — technologically similar to 3D printing. By using the same principles, the aim is to 61. (rapid) develop living structures similar to human-grown organs and tissue that can be used to treat people or test new drugs. Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are 62. (encourage).
Australian researchers have used neural cells in a custom-made bioink to create a “desktop brain” 63. allows doctors to test brain function, new drugs and study brain disorders. Meanwhile, medicine scientists in the US have created a bioprinter able 64. (construct) ear, muscle and bone structures with the right size, 65. (strong) as well as function for implantation.
One of the primary goals of bioprinting is to create functioning organs, for example, hearts. By printing compatible(兼容的) organs using a patient's own cells, the donor 66. (wait) list could become a thing of the past. To get 67. this point there have been some important breakthroughs in printing vascularized (血管化的) tissue in complex 3D shapes.
Organ printing can improve 68. health of society in general by wiping off the problem of diseases 69. (cause) by organ failure, costly treatments and social care. That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present 70. (push) medical advances forward at pace.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today I went out with my friend Ann for lunch at a restaurant. It is a pretty specially one, what is called “Signs Restaurant”. In order to make the order for food, you have to use sign language. All the waiters and waitresses are without hearing. The waitress who served us was amazed. She taught we a bunch of signs while we had waited for our food. She was patient for me as I tried. My friends helped me out a little, either. The waitress said I did a good job. I feel inspired now take an ASL course and will do so next year. I will do some learning online before the course starts. I just can’t wait.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，得知你班英国交换生Jenny最近因学习压力大而情绪低落。请给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表示关心；2.提出缓解、释放压力的建议。
参考词汇：压力pressure；缓解、释放relieve
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


答案与解析
二、
第一节
A
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】这是一篇招聘广告，广告中列出了几个职位的招聘信息。
21. 推理判断题。根据Kidding Around Kindergarten Early Childhood Teacher - Sydney部分第一句“We are looking to employ a motivated and enthusiastic Early Childhood Teacher full-time.”（我们正在寻找一个积极和热情的幼儿教师全职。），Children’s Services Child Care Worker部分第一句“A permanent part-time position is available at Ku Killara Pre-school, Killara to work Thursday and Friday 7.6 hours per day. ”（基拉拉库基拉拉学前学校有一个长期兼职职位，周四和周五每天工作7.6小时。）可知，这是一篇招聘广告，所以找工作的人会感兴趣。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据Children’s Services Child Care Worker部分第一句“A permanent part-time position is available at Ku Killara Pre-school, Killara to work Thursday and Friday 7.6 hours per day. ”（基拉拉库基拉拉学前学校有一个长期兼职职位，周四和周五每天工作7.6小时。）可知，如果你不想工作超过两天，托儿工是适合你的。故选B。
23. 细节理解题。根据“Receptionist Required!”部分第四句“No experience required”可知，招待员这份工作不需要工作经验，而且没有提出需要资格证，所以没有资格证和工作经验的人可以联系“Receptionist Required!”的负责人，根据“Receptionist Required!”部分第六句“To apply online, please contact Gemma Barber on gemma.barber@gemteq.com.au, quoting the Job Title.”（在线申请，请通过gemma.barber@gemteq.com.au联系Gemma Barber，并注明职位名称。）可知，负责人是Gemma Barber。故选A。

B
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】本文是一篇人物传记类文章。文章介绍了一位女性高尔夫球手卡塔娜斯塔克斯的成为第一个执教男大学生运动队的非裔美国女性的传奇一生。
24. 细节理解题。由文章第二段倒数第二句“She had to drive the team bus, wash her players’ golf clothes, and had to constantly find places for her team to practice.( 她得开球队的大巴，洗球员的高尔夫球服，还得经常为球队找地方练习。)”可知，斯塔克斯在职位和生活中的诸多挑战包括她要开队车，洗队员的高尔夫衣服，还要不断地为球队找地方练习，这些不包括选择项C“走到Black泳池”。故选C。
25. 推理判断题。由文章第三段可知，她的母亲在她不能参加体育运动的情况下还坚定地让她不受环境影响不断运动，结合文章第二段最后“Starks credits her strength to one woman in her life—her mother.(斯塔克把她的力量归功于她生命中的一个女人——她的母亲。)”可知，她把在诸多挑战中获得成就归功于她的母亲给她的力量，再结合文章整体斯塔克斯取得成功的原因，所以从她的母亲她学会了要有克服困难的坚强意志，故选B。
26. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“After getting the men’s golf coach job, Starks couldn’t find golfers. None of the males on campus would play. “Initially that didn’t work out because I was female,” said Starks.(在得到男子高尔夫教练的工作后，斯塔克斯找不到高尔夫球手。学校里的男生都不打。Starks说：“一开始我没有成功，因为我是女性。”)”可知，在得到男子高尔夫教练的工作后，斯塔克斯一开始并没有成功，因为她是女性，故选B。
27. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“During nearly twenty years in her charge her former players have distinguished themselves throughout the world including: Sam Puryear, the former Michigan State University golf coach-the first African American in its history, and Robert Dinwiddie, an All-American golfer at TSU and a current member of the European Tour having achieved three consecutive Top-10 finishes in South Africa. Starks’ determination really paid off when the T-State Tigers won the National Minority Golf Championship in 2005. And another distinction for her career, ninety percent of the players graduated!( 在她执教的近20年里，她的前球员在世界各地都表现出色，包括:萨姆·普伊尔，前密歇根州立大学高尔夫教练——该校历史上第一位非洲裔美国人;罗伯特·丁威迪，德州大学的全美国高尔夫球手，目前是欧洲巡回赛的成员，在南非连续三次进入前十。斯塔克斯的决心真正得到了回报，当t州老虎队在2005年赢得全国少数民族高尔夫锦标赛。她的职业生涯的另一个特点是，90%的球员都毕业了!)”可知，这里回报指的是她的学员表现良好，有这样有决心的老师就有有决心出色的学生。故选A。
C
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 31. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的一项研究比较了Scott Kelly和他的同卵双胞胎之间的身体变化。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“and then compared that data to Kelly’s twin brother，Mark Kelly，also a retired NASA astronaut.”（然后将这些数据与凯利的双胞胎兄弟马克·凯利(Mark Kelly)进行了比较，他也是一名退休的美国宇航局宇航员。）可知，马克已经退休了。再根据第三段 “Unlike his brother who spent months at a time in space，Mark’s missions were on the shorter side. His last — and longest — mission，which took place in 2011，lasted 15 days.”（不像他的兄弟每次在太空中呆上几个月，马克的任务比较短。他最后一次也是最长的一次任务发生在2011年，历时15天。）可知，马克在太空中只待了15填，他从未在太空呆过整整一个月。故选D项。
29. 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Although most of the biological changes Kelly experienced in space disappeared in the hours and days after his return to Earthy, NASA said some changes appear to have continued.”（尽管凯利在太空中经历的大部分生物变化在他返回地球后的几小时或几天内就消失了，但美国宇航局表示，一些变化似乎还在继续。）可知，大部分很快就会消失，持续不了多久。故选B项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第六段“NASA said the research could provide important knowledge of the effects of long-term spaceflight on the human body, and that it will influence its planning for a mission to Mars, which would see astronauts spending some three years in space.”（美国国家航空航天局表示，这项研究可以提供有关长期太空飞行对人体影响的重要知识，并将影响到其火星任务的计划，届时宇航员将在太空中度过三年左右的时间。）可知，此次对双胞胎兄弟的研究对美国宇航局的火星任务很有价值。故选D项。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Reacting to the news of the study results, Kelly expressed amazement at his body’s changes， and also used the opportunity to make fun of his brother. “This could be good news,” he joked on Twitter. “I no longer have to call Mark my identical twin brother anymore.””（对于研究结果的消息，凯利表达了对自己身体变化的惊讶，并利用这个机会取笑他的弟弟。“这可能是个好消息，”他在Twitter上开玩笑说。“我再也不用管马克叫我的双胞胎兄弟了。”）可知，凯利借此研究结果发现兄弟二人太空回来后基因略有不同，说的只是玩笑话，可见这是幽默的表现。故选D项。
D
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
32. 细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有12个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过12个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B。
33. 词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.”可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选B。
34. 推理判断题。根据第七段“A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选C。
35. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.（但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Could Einstein get published today?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？)”故选C。
第二节
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. A 39. G 40. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。礼貌是良好礼仪的表现，但是随着生活节奏的加快人们对礼貌似乎有所忘却，也能够容忍不礼貌的行为。礼貌用语虽小，但能够在很多方面影响我们的生活。
36. 该空上句提到，礼仪试图建立积极的人际关系。F项（礼仪的目的是尊重一个人被爱和被理解的需要）与上句承接自然，且两句在句式结构上相同。故选F项。
37. 该空下句提到，人们甚至不愿意花时间观察周围事物。B项（人们变得更加以自我为中心，更加自恋）与下句联系紧密，不愿花时间看周围是人们以自我为中心的一种表现形式。故选B项。
38. 该空下句提到，人们变得越来越不关心礼仪。A项（随着科技的进步）在语境上和下句联系紧密。且越来越不关心和随着科学发展都表现出动作的渐变，在逻辑上也能很好的衔接。故选A项。
39. 该空上句提到，礼貌不仅仅是一个简单的社会礼仪。G项（它也关乎对他人善良，关爱和尊重）的意思和上句是递进关系，尤其通过上句的not just 和本句的 also可以看出两句联系紧密。故选G项。
40. 该空下句提到，他们也会尊重你。C项（只要你尊重他人）和下句构成条件状语从句，且句该主从句的意义符合逻辑关系和文意。故选C项。
三、
第一节
【答案】C ABAC B BADD BCA C D D C B DA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了一个根深蒂固的节日文化问题：人们总是期待接受而非给予，作者在文中倡导人们能够善于给予他人。
41. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：说到假期，人们往往忘记，这是给予的时期，而不是接受的时期。A. other than除了；B. more than超过；C. rather than而不是；D. less than少于。由上文的“When it comes to the holidays, people tend to forget that it's the season of giving”可知，谈到假期人们常忘记这是给予的时期，可得出该空说的应该是与“给予的时期”相反的情况，用rather than，而不是接受的时期。故选C项。
42. 考查动词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们往往更关心圣诞节早上收到的礼物，而不是把假期当作帮助那些没有我们那么好的人的时机。A. concerned关心的；B. appreciated欣赏；C. careless粗心的；D. surprised惊讶的。由上文语境可知，一到假期人们只记得这是接受的时机，所以会关心圣诞节早上收到的礼物，be concerned about（关心）。故选A项。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们往往更关心圣诞节早上收到的礼物，而不是把假期当作帮助那些没有我们那么好的人的时机。A. plan计划；B. time时间；C. relief放松；D. choice选择。由上文语境可知，作者认为一到假期人们只关心接受，而不懂得给予，即不在节日里去帮助别人，不把节日当作帮助别人的时间。故选B项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们如何才能改变节日的文化，确保人们在期待打开袜子的同时，也在强调给予的机会呢？A. change改变；B. reserve预订；C. keep保留；D. doubt怀疑。由上下文语境可知，上文讲作者认为一到假期人们只记得这是接受的季节，而不是给予的季节，作者认为这是不对的，因此在下文通过讲给予的好处鼓励人们去给予，说明作者此处讲的是如何才能改变“只记得接受，而不是给予”节日的文化。故选A项。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们如何才能改变节日的文化，确保人们在期待打开袜子的同时，也在强调给予的机会呢？A. find发现；B. hold拿着；C. give给予；D. take带走。由上文语境可知，作者想要改变“只记得接受，而不是给予”节日的文化，希望人们要去给予，即期待接受袜子的同时，也要懂得给予。故选C项。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个节日期间，许多人收到无数来自组织的请求，寻求礼物来帮助他们完成他们的使命：帮助老人、为穷人提供食物、为无家可归者提供庇护所、照顾受虐待的动物等等。A. decisions决定；B. requests请求；C. questions问题；D. comments评论。由下文的“seeking gifts to help them fulfill their mission”可知，寻求礼物来帮助他们完成他们的使命，这种寻求是一种请求。故选B项。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个节日期间，许多人收到无数来自组织的请求，寻求礼物来帮助他们完成他们的使命：帮助老人、为穷人提供食物、为无家可归者提供庇护所、照顾受虐待的动物等等。A. dream梦想；B. shelter避难所；C. policy政策；D. payment支付。由本处的“helping the old, providing food for the poor, _______for the homeless”可知，要帮助无家可归者，可以为无家可归者提供庇护所。故选B项。
48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个节日期间，许多人收到无数来自组织的请求，寻求礼物来帮助他们完成他们的使命：帮助老人、为穷人提供食物、为无家可归者提供庇护所、照顾受虐待的动物等等。A. abused受虐待的；B. small小的；C. lovely可爱的；D. domestic国内的。由本处的“helping the old, providing food for the poor, _______for the homeless, care for ______ animals and more”可知，本处讲的是帮助，肯定是帮助受虐待的动物。故选A项。
49. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无私奉献是正确的，尽管我们中的许多人都面临着任务的挑战。A. casually随意地；B. confidently自信地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. selflessly无私地。由下文的“we give to those in need”可知，我们给予那些需要帮助的人，这种给予是一种无私的奉献。故选D项。
50. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无私奉献是正确的，尽管我们中的许多人都面临着任务的挑战。A. frightened惊吓的；B. confused困惑的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. challenged挑战的。由下文的“it isn't always easy to ______what we have worked so hard for”和“Even with so many reasons to be unwilling”可知，人们不愿意给予，把我们辛苦工作得到的东西送出去并不总是容易的，说明人们无私给予的行为也面临着挑战。故选D项。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我们有没有多余的钱，要把我们辛苦工作挣来的东西送出去并不总是容易的，尤其是当我们制定了财务目标——为退休、度假或雨天存钱的时候。A. submit递交；B. spare留出；C. bargain交易；D. hide躲藏。由本处语境可知，此处指不管我们有没有留出钱，给予并不总是容易的。故选B项。
52. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管我们有没有多余的钱，要把我们辛苦工作的东西送出去并不总是容易的，尤其是当我们制定了财务目标——为退休、度假或雨天存钱的时候。A. figure out想出；B. get hold of抓住；C. give away赠送；D. take charge of负责。由上文语境可知，人们无私给予的行为也面临着挑战，说明给予（自己辛苦工作得到的东西）并不总是容易的。故选C项。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管我们有没有多余的钱，要把我们辛苦工作挣来的东西送出去并不总是容易的，尤其是当我们制定了财务目标——为退休、度假或雨天存钱的时候。A. financial财务的；B. reasonable合理的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. special特别的。由下文的“saving for retirement, a vacation or a rainy day”可知，为退休、度假或雨天存钱，这是一种财务上的目标。故选A项。
54. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们给予那些需要帮助的人时，无论是直接给予个人还是通过组织，我们都会对他人和我们自己的生活产生积极的影响。A. gradually渐渐；B. apparently明显地；C. directly直接地；D. precisely准确地。由本处的“When we give to those in need, either _____to persons or through _____”可知，给予那些需要帮助的人时，有两种方式，即可以直接给予个人，也可以间接给予相关组织。故选C项。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们给予那些需要帮助的人时，无论是直接给予个人还是通过组织，我们都会对他人和我们自己的生活产生积极的影响。A. comparisons比较；B. parents父母；C. efforts努力；D. organizations组织。由本处的“When we give to those in need, either ______to persons or through ______”可知，给予那些需要帮助的人时，有两种方式，即可以直接给予个人，也可以间接给予相关组织。故选D项。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们给予那些需要帮助的人时，无论是直接给予个人还是通过组织，我们都会对他人和我们自己的生活产生积极的影响。A. energy能源；B. thinking思考；C. impression印象；D. difference不同。由上文的“When we give to those in need”可知，我们给予那些需要帮助的人，肯定会对他人和我们自己的生活产生积极的影响，make a positive difference to…（对……产生积极的影响）。故选D项。
57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如我们被提醒的，给予确保我们不受物质的束缚，而是通过丰富的信仰获得自由。A. upset沮丧的；B. excited兴奋的；C. bound束缚的；D. accessible可到达的。由上文语境可知，我们给予是把我们辛苦工作得到的东西（或金钱）送出去，能够把自己的东西（或金钱）送出去的人，都是对物质不怎么看重的人，所以给予的人不受物质的束缚。故选C项。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如我们被提醒的，给予确保我们不受物质的束缚，而是通过丰富的信仰获得自由。A. delay耽搁；B. faith信仰；C. danger危险；D. hesitation犹豫。由上文语境和“the advantages of giving outweigh them all”可知，给予是一种无私奉献的行为，给予的好处胜过一切，要不受物质的束缚，坚信“给予的好处胜过一切”的信仰来获得精神上的自由。故选B项。
59. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们拥有所有的东西，不是因为我们在银行里有很多钱，不是因为我们有能力和智慧去赢得面包，而是因为我们足够幸运。A. control控制；B. command命令；C. knowledge知识；D. store储备。由本处语境可知，此处指在银行里有很多钱，have a good store of…（大量的……）。故选D项。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们拥有所有的东西，不是因为我们在银行里有很多钱，不是因为我们有能力和智慧去赢得面包，而是因为我们足够幸运。A. win赢得；B. count计数；C. note注意；D. sponsor赞助。由本处语境和常识可知，人们用能力和智慧去赢得（或得到）面包之类的生存物资。故选A项。
第二节
【答案】61. rapidly 62. encouraging 63. that/which 64. to construct 65. strength
66. waiting 67. to 68. the 69. caused 70. is pushing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今为止的结果令人鼓舞。文章主要介绍了生物打印技术的研发和目标等情况。
61. 考查副词。句意：通过使用同样的原理，目标是快速开发出与人类生长的器官和组织类似的活体结构，用于治疗人类或测试新药。修饰后文动词develop应用副词rapidly，作状语。故填rapidly。
62. 考查形容词。句意：生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今为止的结果令人鼓舞。根据上文are可知应填形容词encouraging，作表语，表示“令人鼓舞”，修饰物。故填encouraging。
63. 考查定语从句。句意：澳大利亚研究人员在定制的生物墨水中使用神经细胞创造了一个“桌面大脑”，使医生可以测试大脑功能、新药和研究大脑疾病。此处为定语从句修饰先行词a “desktop brain ”，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，美国的医学科学家已经发明了一种生物打印机，能够构建出适合植入的大小、强度和功能的耳朵、肌肉和骨骼结构。结合句意表示“能够做某事”可知短语为be able to do sth.。故填to construct。
65. 考查名词。句意：与此同时，美国的医学科学家已经发明了一种生物打印机，能够构建出适合植入的大小、强度和功能的耳朵、肌肉和骨骼结构。空处作介词with的宾语，表示“强度”应用名词strength，表抽象概念不可数。故填strength。
66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过使用患者自己的细胞打印出兼容的器官，等待捐赠的名单将成为过去。分析句子结构可知wait在句中应用非谓语动词形式，说明被修饰名词list的用途，应用动名词形式作定语。故填waiting。
67. 考查固定短语。句意：为了实现这一点，在打印复杂三维形状的血管化组织方面已经取得了一些重要突破。结合句意表示“实现这一点”可知短语为get to this point。故填to。
68. 考查冠词。句意：器官打印可以消除由器官衰竭、昂贵的治疗和社会护理引起的疾病问题，从而改善整个社会的健康状况。health此处为特指整个社会的健康状况，应用定冠词the。故填the。
69. 考查非谓语动词。句意：器官打印可以消除由器官衰竭、昂贵的治疗和社会护理引起的疾病问题，从而改善整个社会的健康状况。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the problem of diseases构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填caused。
70. 考查动词时态。句意：这一前景可能还需要数年时间才能实现，但目前生物打印带来的快速打印功能正在推动医学进步的步伐。表示动作目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为rapid typing，谓语动词用单数。故填is pushing。

四、
第一节
71. 1.specially→special；
2.what→which；
3.the→an；
4.amazed→amazing；
5.we→us；
6.把waited前的had去掉；
7.for→with；
8.friends→friend；
9.either→too；
10.在take前加to
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友去了一家特别的“手势餐厅”，在那里“我”对手语产生了浓厚的兴趣。
1.考查形容词。句意：这是一家很特别的餐厅，被称为“手势餐厅”。修饰代词one应用形容词。故将specially改为special。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这是一家很特别的餐厅，被称为“手势餐厅”。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为one，即restaurant，所以关系代词应用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
3.考查不定冠词。句意：为了点餐，你必须使用手语。表示“点餐”应用make an order for food，此处表示泛指，order是以元音音素开头的词。故将the改为an。
4.考查形容词。句意：为我们服务的女服务员令人惊奇。根据“She taught we a bunch of signs while we waited for our food.”（在我们等待食物的时候，她教了我们一些手势。）可知，此处是指女服务员令人惊奇。amazed意为“感到惊奇的”，amazing意为“令人惊奇的”。故将amazed改为amazing。
5.考查宾格。句意：在我们等待食物的时候，她教了我们一些手势。此处作taught的宾语应用人称代词的宾格。故将we改为us。
6.考查一般过去时。句意：在我们等待食物的时候，她教了我们一些手势。等食物和教手势是同时发生的，所以此处应用一般过去时。故把waited前的had去掉。
7.考查介词和固定搭配。句意：当我努力的时候，她对我很耐心。be patient with意为“对……有耐心”，为固定搭配。故将for改为with。
8.考查可数名词单复数。句意：我的朋友也帮了我一点忙。根据“Today I went out with my friend Ann for lunch at a restaurant.”（今天我和我的朋友安一起到饭馆去吃午饭。）可知，跟“我”一起吃饭的朋友只有一个，所以应用单数。故将friends改为friend。
9.考查副词。句意：我的朋友也帮了我一点忙。此处不是否定句，所以应用too。故将either改为too。
10.考查固定句型。句意：我现在受到鼓舞去上美国手语课程，明年也会去。固定句型 feel inspired to do sth受到鼓舞去做某事。故在take前加to。
第二节
【参考范文】
Dear Jenny,
I’m worried to learn that you are depressed because of the great pressure of recent study. Here are some tips for you to relieve it.
First of all, shift your focus. Paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous. You should think about the progress you’ve made and build your self-confidence. Secondly, take some exercise. A saying goes that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Do some sports, and you'll feel relaxed all over. Last but not least, sleep well. Getting a good night’s sleep, you’ll be recharged and start over easily.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国交换生Jenny电子邮件，提供缓解学习压力的建议。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
沮丧：upset→depressed
有帮助的：beneficial→helpful
重新开始：restart = start over
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, shift your focus. Paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous.
拓展句：First of all, shift your focus because paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous.













2021年高考终极押题卷（新高考）
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Training for Saving
First Aid at Work 3 days £279
Suitable for people aged 16+ who might need to provide first aid by responding to a wide range of accidents, injuries and illnesses that they could encounter in their workplace. Ideal for organizations whose needs assessment has identified a requirement for additional first aid training, especially, having employees with a disability or a medical condition.
Lunch break. Classroom setting. Certificate to issue.
AED with Life Support 2 days £107
Right choice for people, over 16, who want to learn how to use an automated external defibrillator （AED）. First aid for unresponsive adults in addition. Currently available at our London, Edinburgh and Reading venues; however, you can organize a training session for a group of up to 15 people at your workplace by requesting a group booking.
Certificate valid for three years.
First Aid for Teachers Training 1 day £50
Specially designed for those working in a school environment and wishing to have the first aid skills to act in an emergency. Ideal for teachers and other school staff over 16. First aid skills to help a child who is unresponsive and breathing or not breathing, choking, having an allergic reaction or a head injury.
Not qualify the learner to act as a first aider.
Fire Marshal Training 4 days £364
Take this if you are over 16 and responsible for fire safety or appointed fire marshals in the workplace. Come to understand how a fire starts and spreads; how to assess and manage these risks; and how to use firefighting equipment. You must be physically able to carry out the practical elements of the course.
Role play. Classroom environment. Certificate.
1. What can be learnt in the course AED with Life Support?
A. Steps to deal with massive injuries.
B. Process of preventing a terrible fire.
C. Operation of certain medical equipment.
D. Treatment for an adult's mental problems.
2. Which course costs the most per day?
A. First Aid at Work. B. AED with Life Support.
C. First Aid for Teachers Training. D. Fire Marshal Training.
3. What do the four courses have in common?
A. Providing certificates for trainees.
B. Having the same requirement for age.
C. Offering discount for group booking.
D. Taking more than one day to complete.
B
Globally, forests are being cleared for development at a horrifying rate. Seeing the destruction of his native land, Omar Tello wanted to take on a mission of a lifetime. 40 years ago, Omar Tello bought a patch of land near Puyo city in Ecuador. He gave up his job as an accountant to work full time on this land, creating a forest rehabilitation (修复) project.
“People thought I was mad, but I’ve watched this whole paradise disappear, to the point where seeing a wild animal alive and free is a luxury... So I said to myself, I have to do something to save the species,” Omar explains.
Across Ecuador, deforestation has been increasing. In 2008, scientists warned that Ecuador had the highest deforestation rate in South America.
Omar Tello’s project, Jardin Botanico Las Orquidias, focuses on planning, implementing and evaluating strategies, guidelines and actions to consolidate a culture of respect for the natural environment, contributing to the protection of the environment through scientific research for the Amazonian flora and fauna (动植物).
Over these 40 years, Omar has gleaned (四处搜集) rare seeds and cuttings from the Amazon basin and repopulated these species within his project. The wildlife has slowly been attracted into the area. Snakes, birds, insects, bees and even the endangered “glass frog”, which was thought to be on the brink of extinction, have been spotted in his forest.
The rescue center of the Amazonian flora and fauna is now a benchmark for research on ecosystem restoration. Omar Tello has also become recognized as an expert in the field of long-term forest restoration. His work now is to work with educational institutions, community centers and local farmers to give other landowners the power to do the same as him.
The wife of Omar states that “(although people) come from far away to see and learn about the project, people around Puyo are not that interested. They don’t respect what Omar has done. No one from local government or authorities has shown any interest.
4. What does the underlined word “consolidate” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Contradict. B. Strengthen.
C. Boycott. D. Adore.
5. What can we infer from the text?
A. Omar hopes to do research on ecosystem restoration in the long term.
B. The endangered species reappear in Amazon forest because of Omar’s project.
C. Omar is considering buying land and quitting his job for the conservation project.
D. Despite some setbacks, Omar longs to work wholeheartedly for rainforest restoration.
6. What may best describe the personalities of Omar Tello?
A. Selfless & adaptable B. Generous & optimistic
C. Ambitious & capable D. Reliable & independent
7. What can we learn from Omar Tello’s story?
A. It pays to try new things. B. Nothing seek, nothing find.
C. Many hands make light work. D. He who laughs last laughs best.
C
It is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should limit it to just a few weeks in the year? Gratitude（感恩）is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.
Gratitude builds empathy. We often take for granted the simple things in life. Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple or automatic, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Being empathetic to others’ opinions, experiences and backgrounds will make you a better professional, no matter your career.
Through his research, Emmons, a leading researcher, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t. In the workplace, well-being（健康快乐）is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Offering fitness classes or carrying out flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.
Working in a developing, fast-paced industry, we are often surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving（奋斗）for more and better. Gratitude makes us more self-aware. It challenges us to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in our life, and that true self-awareness is a key factor to being successful in our career.
Gratitude is a powerful tool for making relationships stronger, both at work and in our personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create relatively long-lasting connections.
During my month-long vacation, I made it a point to be reflective during the time I had without disturbances or deadlines. Part of that was making a mental list of the people, things and experiences I was grateful for in my life. I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.
The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.
8. What does the underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. The feeling of being sorry for others’ problems.
B. The desire to help people in difficult situations.
C. The ability to understand other people’s feelings.
D. The feeling of pleasure or satisfaction towards others.
9. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. People who have self-awareness can succeed without effort.
B. Grateful people will live a much longer life than ungrateful people.
C. Wise enterprises should raise the employees’ sense of well-being.
D. Gratitude can ensure the relationship between people is unbreakable.
10. Why does the author mention his own experience in Paragraph 6?
A. To encourage people to contact with teachers.
B. To show it’s never too late to express gratitude.
C. To order people to keep long-lasting connection.
D. To present that his teacher greatly influenced him.
11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Being Grateful Year-Round.
B. The Season for Gratitude.
C. The Way to Show Thanks.
D. The Special Holiday of Gratitude.
D
There can be magic in the touch of a hand that loves you. It brings comfort and a silent promise that says, “I am here and you are not alone.”
I memorized every detail about my children. As babies, they reached for me whenever they were hungry or tired or just needed to be held. Sometimes, if they woke in the night, just the touch of my hand would ease them back to sleep. They clung to me when they took their first steps and we held hands when crossing streets and walking from the car to their classroom on their first day of school.
As they grew older and more independent, I noticed that they didn't hold my hand much anymore. I told myself it was part of growing up, and I should just be glad they could do things on their own now.
But when you've been needed so much for such a long time, it's hard to step back and feel unnecessary.
Then one day, I was visiting my oldest son in New York, where he was working as an actor on a TV show. As we were about to cross a busy street that was filled with traffic, he grabbed my hand and shouted, “Hang on to me, Mom,” then led me safely across.
At that moment, I realized two things. First, my boy had become a man. Second, it was clear that our roles had changed. We still needed each other, but in different ways than before.
That scene has replayed in various ways with each of my three children. They have all taught me to lean on them just as they once leaned on me, and that we can always lean on each other. We live miles apart, but stay in touch every day. There is magic and comfort and healing in the touch of a hand that loves you, even if it “touches” you from afar.
12. How did the author get along with her children when they were young?
A. She was very strict with them. B. She overprotected them.
C. She was too busy to take care of them. D. She developed a close bond with them.
13. How did the author feel when her kids became more independent?
A. She felt lonely when living apart from them.
B. She was worried that they couldn't manage themselves.
C. She felt a little uncomfortable when not needed so much as before.
D. She was pleased to be able to step back and enjoy herself.
14. The author's visit to her son in New York made her realize________.
A. her son had become mature and reliable
B. time with children is always fun
C. she needed her son more than before
D. she was unwilling to accept the change in their roles
15. What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A. To explore how to interact with children.
B. To describe the growth of her children.
C. To show the power of the touch of a hand.
D. To present how parents influence their kids.
第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. 16. You will experience culture shock. Evidently, at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.
The first stage is called "the honeymoon". In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. 17. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is the "hostility stage". 18. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.
Then you come to the third stage called "recovery". You start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable. 19. The last stage of culture shock is called "adjustment". 20. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.
A. Actually, culture shock is something you cannot avoid when studying in a foreign country.
B. You have reached a point where you feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture.
C. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you.
D. You recover from the symptoms of the first two stages.
E.In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter.
F.However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it.
G.You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was.
第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born well and complete.Now, 21 ,I became an"alien"with bulging（隆起的） eyes.That must have made my parents extremely 22 .Because of this,my father often found it hard to stay close to me and began to keep a 23 —.I believed that he no longer 24 me, when in fact his heart felt greatest pain.
Things 25 when I was three.An eye doctor suggested an eyelid transplant（眼睑移植）. My parents 26 to donate their eyelids and the doctor picked my father after examination.
So began our family's 27 wandering between darkness and light for the next five years. My dad was first taken to the operating room. When this was completed, it was my turn.I 28 remember the acid smell,filling me with 29 . Knowing that my parents were waiting just outside 30 my fear. I soon fell sleep.
My eyes had been so badly damaged.To 31 the damage, the doctor had to cut some eyelid tissue from my dad and transplant it to me so that my eyes could regain a rounded look.
It’s 32 that, since then,dad and I have shared something together.This 33 will continue to flow in my blood and 34 in my life for years to come.I'm sure my parents won’t forget the scene where the doctor removed the gauze （纱布）from my eyes.That 35 moment has stayed with me since I started my journey between darkness and light.
21. A. obviously B. certainly C. suddenly D. actually
22. A. angry B. sad C. amazed D. tired
23. A. promise B. secret C. distance D. record
24. A. supported B. remember C. tended D. loved
25. A. follow B. changed C. succeed D. continued
26. A. volunteered B. planned C. struggled D. managed
27. A. recovery B. journey C. dilemma D. balance
28. A. even B. still C. just D. also
29. A. joy B. anger C. fear D. comfort
30. A. showed B. caused C. doubled D. calmed
31. A. avoid B. reduce C. assess D. repair
32. A. strange B. necessary C. possible D. embarrassing
33. A. activity B. strength C. treatment D. connection
34. A. live on B. turn up C. come out D. set off
35. A. actual B. brief C. precious D. extra
第二节(共10小题:每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake36. (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when people meet, they usually kiss each other 37. the cheeks. This is also common in France, 38. the act is called faire la bise. However, this is not 39. universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,40. (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends41. (hug) each other – something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 42. (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem strange since even kissing 43. (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as well.
Wouldn’t it be 44. (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 45. (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46.假定你是学生会主席李华，你校上周三举行了一次跳绳比赛。请你代表学生会写一则简报，介绍这次活动。内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 参赛人员及表现；
3. 活动反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The skipping competition
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Ruth was sixty-eight years old, she visited her daughter Judy and teenage granddaughter Marcy in California. They headed for their cabin, moving forty miles up and down the mountains in their car,along a narrow one-lane road that wound terrifyingly close to cliffs (悬崖).
After dinner, Marcy announced the water tank was low and that she would drive the car down to the pump and get water. Ruth was nervous about her young granddaughter driving down the narrow road by herself, but Judy reminded her that Marcy had been driving vehicles up there roads for many years
“Just be careful, Marcy”, her mother warned. “They’ve had a drought up here and the road along the cliff is pretty shaky. Be sure to hug the mountain side.”
Ruth and Judy watched Marcy from the big window where they could see the road winding down the mountainside. Fifteen minutes later, Judy was still watching when suddenly she screamed,”Oh no! She went over the cliff, Momma! The car and Marcy--they went over! We have to help her!Come on!”
Judy took off running desperately. Grabbing a three-foot-long walking stick against the cabin door, Ruth ran behind her, but Judy was quickly out of sight after the first turn in the road. Breathing hard, Ruth ran on and on, trying to catch up with her daughter. It was getting harder and harder to see anything at dusk.
Suddenly she stopped, not knowing where she was.”Marcy!Judy!”she shouted.
A faint voice .”Momma!”It was Judy.
Ruth screamed into the darkness “Judy,where are you?” Off to her right and down the cliff she heard, “Down here,Mother!Don’t come near the edge! I slipped on loose rocks and fell over. I’m down about ten feet.”
“Oh dear! Judy, what can I do?”
“Just stay back, Momma!”
Facing the situation, Ruth felt her heart was pounding, and chest pains almost took her breath away. She started to sob, totally at a loss what to do.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At that moment, Ruth glimpsed at the walking stick, an idea striking her.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ruth held her close and said anxiously. “Judy. We have to get help for Marcy!”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

附加题：概要写作
47. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Although most games have winners and losers, the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include getting exercise, having fun, and learning important social skills, like sportsmanship. Good sportsmanship is all about respect. Good sports (具有运动家品格的人)respect the other players on their team. They respect the players on opposing teams. They respect coaches, and they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games. On the contrary, bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect. They yell at their teammates and they talk back to coaches or referees.
Kids usually learn sportsmanship-good and bad-from the adults in their lives. Players' parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow. If parents and coaches show disrespect to other fans, referees, or each other, kids will likely act the same way on the field.
Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways. Some of them are very basic and easy to do, like shaking hands with other players before a game. Other examples may take a little more courage, such as acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team. Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness (礼貌) and respect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life! If you're a good sport on the field, you'll also likely be a good sport in the classroom. Being a good sport in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sport in the workplace.
So be a good sport in whatever you do! The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others. When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn't the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fun, getting exercise, and improving your skills.


答案与解析
一、
第一节
A
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种急救训练课。
1. 细节理解题。根据AED with Life Support部分第一句“Right choice for people, over 16, who want to learn how to use an automated external defibrillator （AED）.”（对于16岁以上想学习如何使用自动体外除颤器(AED)的人来说，这是正确的选择。）可知，在AED with Life Support课程中可以学到某种医疗设备的操作方法。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据“First Aid at Work 3 days £279”可知，First Aid at Work三天的费用是£279，所以一天的费用是£93，根据“AED with Life Support 2 days £107”可知，AED with Life Support两天的费用是£107，所以一天的费用是£53.5，根据“First Aid for Teachers Training 1 day £50”可知，First Aid for Teachers Training一天的费用是£50，根据“Fire Marshal Training 4 days £364”可知，Fire Marshal Training四天的费用是£364，所以一天的费用是£91。所以First Aid at Work每天的花费最多。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据“First Aid at Work”部分第一句“Suitable for people aged 16+ who might need to provide first aid by responding to a wide range of accidents, injuries and illnesses that they could encounter in their workplace. ”（适合16岁以上因工作场所可能发生意外、受伤或疾病而需要提供急救服务的人士。），AED with Life Support部分第一句“Right choice for people, over 16, who want to learn how to use an automated external defibrillator （AED）.”（对于16岁以上想学习如何使用自动体外除颤器(AED)的人来说，这是正确的选择。），“First Aid for Teachers Training”部分第二句“Ideal for teachers and other school staff over 16.”（适合16岁以上的教师和其他学校员工。）和“Fire Marshal Training”部分第一句“Take this if you are over 16 and responsible for fire safety or appointed fire marshals in the workplace. ”（如果你超过16岁，负责消防安全或在工作场所被指定为消防队长，请接受这一建议。）可知，这四种课程的共同之处是有同样的年龄要求。故选B。
B
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了奥马尔泰洛在全球森林不断锐减的情况下通过自身不懈的努力帮助恢复亚马逊河生态系统的故事。
4. 词义猜测题。文章第四段划线词前半句“Omar Tello’s project, Jardin Botanico Las Orquidias, focuses on planning, implementing and evaluating strategies, guidelines and actions(奥马尔·泰洛对亚马逊河动植物的科学研究具体采取的方法，实施和评估战略、指导方针和行动)”可知，后面的尊重自然环境的文化是正确的做法，所以他是进一步加强巩固，而非仅仅欣赏。所以consolidate为“加强”之意。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Seeing the destruction of his native land, Omar Tello wanted to take on a mission of a lifetime. 40 years ago, Omar Tello bought a patch of land near Puyo city in Ecuador. He gave up his job as an accountant to work full time on this land, creating a forest rehabilitation (修复) project.”奥马尔·特洛目睹了自己祖国的毁灭，他想承担一项毕生难忘的使命。40年前，奥马尔·特洛(Omar Tello)在厄瓜多尔Puyo市附近买了一块地。他放弃了会计的工作，在这片土地上全职工作，创建了一个森林恢复项目。根据文章最后一段“The wife of Omar states that “(although people) come from far away to see and learn about the project, people around Puyo are not that interested. They don’t respect what Omar has done. No one from local government or authorities has shown any interest.( 奥马尔的妻子说：“(尽管人们)从很远的地方来参观和了解这个项目，但普约周围的人并不那么感兴趣。”他们不尊重奥马尔的所作所为。地方政府或有关部门都没有表现出任何兴趣。)”可知，奥马尔的保护雨林的做法并没有得到认可，但是他一直在不断坚持对森林生态系统的恢复的工作。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“So I said to myself, I have to do something to save the species,(所以我对自己说，我必须做点什么来拯救这个物种，)”可知，在他目睹雨林的消失后他决定必须要做点什么来拯救雨林可见他是有雄心壮志的；根据文章第五段“Over these 40 years, Omar has gleaned (四处搜集) rare seeds and cuttings from the Amazon basin and repopulated these species within his project. The wildlife has slowly been attracted into the area. Snakes, birds, insects, bees and even the endangered “glass frog”, which was thought to be on the brink of extinction, have been spotted in his forest.”在过去的40年里，奥马尔从亚马逊盆地收集稀有的种子和枝条，并在他的项目中重新繁殖这些物种。野生动物逐渐被吸引到这一地区。在他的森林里发现了蛇、鸟、昆虫、蜜蜂，甚至被认为濒临灭绝的濒危“玻璃蛙”。所以他的做法使雨林的生态系统逐渐恢复可见，他是能干的。故选C。
7. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Seeing the destruction of his native land, Omar Tello wanted to take on a mission of a lifetime. 40 years ago, Omar Tello bought a patch of land near Puyo city in Ecuador. He gave up his job as an accountant to work full time on this land, creating a forest rehabilitation (修复) project.”奥马尔·特洛目睹了自己祖国的毁灭，他想承担一项毕生难忘的使命。40年前，奥马尔·特洛(Omar Tello)在厄瓜多尔Puyo市附近买了一块地。他放弃了会计的工作，在这片土地上全职工作，创建了一个森林恢复项目。根据文章第五段“Over these 40 years, Omar has gleaned (四处搜集) rare seeds and cuttings from the Amazon basin and repopulated these species within his project. The wildlife has slowly been attracted into the area. Snakes, birds, insects, bees and even the endangered “glass frog”, which was thought to be on the brink of extinction, have been spotted in his forest.”在过去的40年里，奥马尔从亚马逊盆地收集稀有的种子和枝条，并在他的项目中重新繁殖这些物种。野生动物逐渐被吸引到这一地区。在他的森林里发现了蛇、鸟、昆虫、蜜蜂，甚至被认为濒临灭绝的濒危“玻璃蛙”。所以文章写了主人公奥马尔在目睹雨林的锐减后不断努力做出的保护生态系统的行为，也通过他的行为一些濒危动物被保护了下来，故B最适合，无所求，无所获，ACD明显与文章无关。故选B。
C
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过调查和举例阐明主题——永怀感恩之心。
8. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple or automatic, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can.（那些能意识到生活美好的人，无论多么简单或自然而然，都更有可能对他人的需求敏感，并尽可能地提供帮助。）”可知，感恩建立同理心基础上的，所以empathy指的是“理解他人感受的能力”。故选C。
9. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Offering fitness classes or carrying out flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.（提供健身课程或实行灵活的工作时间安排，如果能与感恩相结合，就能让工作更有效率、更投入、更快乐。）”可推断，明智的企业应该提高员工的幸福感。故选C。
10. 推理判断题。根据第七段“The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude.（老话说:“说对不起永远不晚”，但感恩也是如此。）”可推断，作者在第六段提到了他自己的经历是为了表达感激永远不嫌晚。故选B。
11. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.（花点时间感谢别人的工作、善良或同情——不管是今天、上个月还是多年前——会让你更快乐、更健康、更有自知之明。这是一年365天都值得庆祝的礼物。）”及全文可知，本文阐述的主题是我们要永怀感恩之心。故选A。
D
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过自己与孩子的接触的过程中体会到了来自手的触碰的力量。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I memorized every detail about my children….They clung to me when they took their first steps and we held hands when crossing streets and walking from the car to their classroom on their first day of school.”（我记住了孩子们的每一个细节。当他们还是婴儿的时候，每当他们饿了、累了或者只是需要被抱着的时候，他们就会向我伸出手来。有时候，如果他们在夜里醒来，只要我的手一碰，他们就会重新入睡。他们迈出第一步时，紧紧地抓着我;上学第一天，过马路时，下了车走到教室时，我们手拉着手。）可推知，她与他们建立了亲密的关系。故选D。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“As they grew older and more independent, I noticed that they didn't hold my hand much anymore.”（当他们长大了，更加独立了，我注意到他们不再经常牵我的手了。）和文章第四段“But when you've been needed so much for such a long time, it's hard to step back and feel unnecessary.”（但是，当你被需要了这么长时间，你很难退后一步，觉得自己不再是他们必需的了。）可知，当孩子们不像以前那样需要她时，她感到有点不自在。故选C。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As we were about to cross a busy street that was filled with traffic, he grabbed my hand and shouted, “Hang on to me, Mom,” then led me safely across.”（当我们要穿过一条车水马龙的繁忙街道时，他抓住我的手喊道:“妈妈，抓紧我”，然后带我安全地过了马路。）和文章第六段“At that moment, I realized two things. First, my boy had become a man. Second, it was clear that our roles had changed.”（在那一刻，我意识到两件事。首先，我的儿子已经长大成人。第二，很明显我们的角色发生了变化。）可推知，作者到纽约探望儿子，使她意识到儿子已经变得成熟可靠。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There can be magic in the touch of a hand that loves you. It brings comfort and a silent promise that says, “I am here and you are not alone.””（在爱你的手的触摸中会有魔力。它带给你安慰和一个无声的承诺:“我在这里，你并不孤单。”）可知，作者的写作目的是为了来展示用手触碰的力量。故选C。
第二节
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了在不同的国家学习是一个新的体验，但也要注意文化冲击。
16. 后文You will experience culture shock. (你会经历文化冲击。)与E. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. (然而，尽管有这些优势，你也会遇到一些挑战。)承接自然，选项所指的挑战，就是下文提到的文化冲击，故选E项。
17. 前文In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. (在这个阶段，你会对生活在一个不同的地方感到兴奋，一切似乎都很奇妙。)与C. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. (你喜欢一切，每个人似乎都对你很好。)承接自然，因为感到兴奋和巧妙，所以对一切都很喜欢，此外excitement和nice, like是关键词，故选C项。
18. 后文You become tired of many things about the new culture. (你会对新文化的很多东西感到厌倦)与G. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. (你开始注意到，并不是所有的事情都像你最初认为的那样好)承接自然，因为感到厌倦，所以认为一些东西不是当初想象的那样给美好，此外bored和not as good as是关键词，故选G项。
19. 前文The whole situation starts to become more favorable. (整个形势开始好转)与D. You recover from the symptoms of the first two stages. (你会从前两个阶段的症状中恢复过来)承接自然，且选项中的recover和本段的中心句Then you come to the third stage called "recovery".中的recovery是关键词，故选D项。
20. 下文The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. (那些一开始让你不舒服或者感到奇怪的东西，现在你都理解了)与B. You have reached a point where you feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. (你已经达到了一个感觉良好的阶段，因为你已经学到了足够多的东西来理解新的文化)承接自然，understand是关键词，故选B项。
二、
第一节
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己幼年眼睛隆起，很怪异，医生建议眼睑移植，最后父亲的眼睑被移植到我的眼睛上，感恩父亲的爱。一个爱与感恩的故事。
21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我生来很好，很健全。现在，我突然变成了一个眼睛鼓鼓的“外星人”。 A. obviously明显地，显然地；B. certainly当然；C. suddenly突然地；D. actually事实上，实际上。根据空前“I was born well and complete”可知，我生来是健全的孩子，突然地生了怪病，样子像个外星人。故选C项。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一定使我的父母非常伤心。A. angry生气的；B. sad难过伤心的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. tired劳累的。根据上文“I became an"alien"with bulging（隆起的） eyes.”作者的父母很伤心。故选B项。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我的父亲经常发现很难与我保持亲密，并开始与我保持距离。A. promise诺言；B. secret秘密；C. distance距离；D. record纪录。根据上文“Because of this,my father often found it hard to stay close to me”可知，让我的父亲经常发现很难与我保持亲密，短语keep a distance表示“保持距离，不亲密接触”，故选C项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信他不再爱我了，其实他的心最痛苦。A. supported支持；B. remember记得，铭记；C. tended倾向于；D. loved爱。根据前文“Because of this,my father often found it hard to stay close to me and began to keep a distance”可知，我看到父亲不抱我，远离我，我自然产生想法，认为父亲不爱我，但是后来知道父亲不是不爱我，是看见我会难过痛苦。故选D项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我三岁的时候，一切都变了。A. follow跟随；B. changed改变，变化；C. succeed成功；D. continued继续。父亲远离我，我认为父亲不爱我，当医生建议做手术时，状况发生了变化，父亲母亲都愿意为我捐献眼睑，我也有希望变好。故选B项。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：眼科医生建议做眼睑移植。我的父母自愿捐出了他们的眼睑，医生检查后选中了我的父亲。A. volunteered自愿；B. planned计划；C. struggled挣扎；D. managed设法做到，经营。根据下文“ the doctor picked my father after examination.”医生选择了我的父亲，可知我的父亲母亲都愿意捐献自己的眼睑。故选A项。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是在接下来的五年里我们家的旅程开始了，徘徊在黑暗与光明之间。A. recovery康复，恢复；B. journey旅程；C. dilemma困境，窘境；D. balance平衡。开始做手术开始全家人开始了一段徘徊在黑暗与光明之间的旅程，参考文章最后一句，原词重现“...since I started my journey between darkness and light.”可知，journey符合题意。故选B项。
28. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得那股消毒水酸味，让我充满恐惧。A. even甚至；B. stil仍然；C. just仅仅，刚刚；D. also也，还，此外。本句谓语动词remember为一般现在时，表明多年后，我写这篇文章时，仍然清楚记得当时闻到的酸味。故选B项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得那股酸味，让我充满恐惧。A. joy愉悦快乐；B. anger愤怒；C. fear恐惧；D. comfort安慰。多年后，仍记得当时手术室的酸味儿，当时让自己充满恐惧。根据后面“ Knowing that my parents were waiting just outside calmed my fear.”fear一词原词重现，前后呼应。故选C项。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道父母就在外面等着，我的恐惧平静了下来。A. showed表现展示；B. caused引发导致；C. doubled加倍；D. calmed使…...平静。前面说手术时内心充满恐惧，但知道父母陪在外面时，应该让恐惧的心平静（calmed）下来，结合下文“ I soon fell sleep.”可知，我应该是战胜恐惧，平静下来，并睡着了。故选D项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了修复损伤，医生不得不从我爸爸身上切下一些眼睑组织，然后移植给我，这样我的眼睛就能恢复圆润的外观。A. avoid避免；B. reduce降低减少；C. assess评估检测；D. repair修理。根据上文“My eyes had been so badly damaged”我眼睛受损伤，及下文“the doctor had to cut some eyelid tissue from my dad and transplant it to me so that my eyes could regain a rounded look.”医生切下父亲的眼睑组织就是为了修复（repair）我的损伤，让我的眼睛看上去正常。故选D项。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我和爸爸一起共享了一些东西，这种说不来的感觉很奇怪。A. strange奇怪的；B. necessary必要的；C. possible可能的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬窘迫的。我和爸爸共同拥有一些东西，这种感觉应该不是普通的感觉，而应该是一种说不出来的奇怪感觉。故填A项。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种联系将继续流淌在我的血液中，并在未来的岁月中继续存在。A. activity活动；B. strength力气，强项；C. treatment治疗，对待，款待；D. connection联系。根据“continue to flow in my blood and ... in my life for years to come.”可知，我与父亲除了血缘关系之外还有了共同的身体组织，这是一种独特的关系。故选D项。
34. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种联系将继续流淌在我的血液中，并在未来的岁月中继续存在。A. live on继续存在；B. turn up出现，调大； C. come out出来；D. set off出发。根据“in my life for years to come.”可知，这种与父亲的关系产生并流淌在血液中，并在今后的人生里继续存在。故选A项。
35. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从我开始了黑暗与光明之间的旅程，那宝贵的一刻就一直陪伴着我。A. actual实际的；B. brief简短的；C. precious宝贵的；D. extra额外的。根据下文“since I started my journey between darkness and light.”自从我开始了黑暗与光明之间的旅程，那宝贵的一刻就一直陪伴着我。故选C项。
第二节
【答案】36. is considered
37. on
38. where
39. a
40. leaving
41. to hug
42. frightened
43. strangers
44. enjoyable
45. widely
【解析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历和例子讲述了不同的国家有非常不同的问候方式。
36. 考查时态语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系，此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实，与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。
37. 考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊，在脸上用介词on。故填on。
38. 考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，先行词是France，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，故填where。
39. 考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式，此处表示一种普遍的规律，universal开头是辅音因素，故填a。
40. 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填leaving。
41. 考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句，此处强调具体的动作用不定式作表语。故填to hug。
42. 考查形容词。句意：拥抱总是让我很害怕，因为我不喜欢拥抱。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。
43. 考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数形式，故填strangers。
44. 考查形容词。句意：有一个被广泛接受的问候代码不是很令人愉快吗?此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语，故填enjoyable。
45. 考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词，指广泛接受的，故填widely。
三、
第一节
【参考范文】
The skipping competition
A wonderful skipping competition was held on the school football field last Wednesday, with its aim to enrich the students’ lives, strengthen the body and relieve academic stress. Every class sent its top athletes to take part in the competition. With their classmates’ cheering alongside, each participant made their greatest effort to win the honor of the championship, and they truly performed well. Congratulations!
The activity was highly spoken of by both the teachers and students, for it was not only a chance to exercise, but also a proper occasion for the students to cultivate team spirit.
第二节
【参考范文】
At that moment, Ruth glimpsed at the walking stick, an idea striking her. Ruth dropped to her knees, then lay flat on her belly as she made herself closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. She held the walking stick over the edge and asked Judy if she could see it. Hearing a positive answer, Ruth held the stick tightly and forwarded carefully. Within minutes, Judy grabbed the other end of the stick and Ruth pulled her up. Judy crawled into her mother's lap, shaking and sweating.
Ruth held her close and said anxiously. "Judy. We have to get help for Marcy!" Slowly, Ruth pulled Judy to her feet, and the two women made their way back to the cabin in the darkness. Eventually, they reached the cabin and called the emergency center. An hour later, the rescue team arrived. It took three hours to save Marcy from the bottom of the cliff. Rushed to the hospital for treatment of a severely broken leg, Marcy felt she was very lucky, saying, "It was Grandma's bravery and determination that saved us!"
附加题：
【参考范文】
One of the real purposes of games is to gain good sportsmanship, which teaches people to respect others like their opponents and coaches. And adults play a vital part in leading children to learn it. People can show good sportsmanship in different ways and it has positive effects on their life. So no mater what you do，try to be a good sport and you can make a real difference.