【8】中考英语专项复习 动词的分类

这是一份【8】中考英语专项复习 动词的分类，共5页。
近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类动词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的词义辨析及短语动词的辨析，其中，动词和短语动词的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。预计年动词考查的趋势将是：在具体的语言环境中考查基础动词及其短语动词的辨析。
02 定义 概念清晰化
动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
❶动词的种类
1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：
The baby is smiling at us.小孩正对着我们笑呢。
He died f hunger.他死于饥饿。
Please listen t the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲课。
2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词t或fr引导，变成介词短语。
◆能接以t引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,ffer,pass,play,read,send,shw,take,teach,tell,write等。如：
Culd yu lend yur dictinary t me?请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？
She passed the salt t him.她把盐递给了他。
◆能接以fr引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,build,buy,ck,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,rder,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。如：
Mther cks breakfast fr us every day.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
I’ll fetch a chair fr yu.我去给你拿一个凳子。
【题组训练】
( )1.(2014·眉山)—Wh _____ the tennis game yesterday?
—Jack，he _____ all the thers.
A.beat;wn B.wn;wn
C.beat;beat D.wn;beat
( )2.(2014·河南)Chsing the right circle f friends will ____ us a lt f trubles，heartaches and pssibly a life f deep regret.
A.save B.share C.keep D.bring
( )3.(2014·十堰)—Smart phnes are mre and mre ppular nw.
—S they are.But they still _____ t much.
A.pay B .cst C.take D.spend
( )4.(2014·山西)During the Wrld Cup，a large number f sccer fans fly t Brazil.It has _____ a great place fr fans t have fun.
A.made B.kept C.becme
( )5.(2014·宿迁)—Tm is an hnest by，_______ he?
—Yes.We trust him all the time.
A.isn’t B.is C.des D.desn’t
❷常见连系动词的用法
【题组训练】
( )6.(2014·眉山)—Shall we g fr a walk?
— ______great.
A.Feels B.Sunds C.Turns D.Lks
( )7.(2014·荆州)—D yu like swimming in winter?
—Of curse.The water _____ a bit cld at first，but then I am warm and full f energy.
A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.lks
( )8.(2014·河北)Mm is making dinner. It_____ s nice!
A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sunds
( )9.(2014·宿迁)—Yur trainers _____ clurful.
—Yes.And they are ppular amng yung peple.
A.feel B.smell C.taste D.lk
( )10.(2014·乐山)—I can’t stand the smell f the stinking tfu.
—Wuld yu like t have a try? It _____ quite delicius!
A.lks B.sunds C.tastes
❸情态动词的用法
【题组训练】
( )11.(2014·台州)—Are yu interested in shpping nline?
——Nt s much. We_____see real prducts but pictures.
A.shuldn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
( )12.(2014·威海)—Bb，Where is Linda?
—She ________ be in the library.But I am nt sure.
A.must B.may C.need D.has t
( )13.(2014·菏泽)—Lk，smene left a bk.
—Oh，yeah…This bk_____ be Kitty’s. Only she likes t read this kind f bks.
A.can B.must C.may D.might
( )14.(2014·福州)—Lisa，hurry up! The bus is cming.
—Oh，n. We ____ crss the street until the traffic lights turn green.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.shuld
( )15.(2014·江西)Last year I ______ drive.I used t take the bus.
A.culd B.culdn’t
C.shuld D.shuldn’t
❹短语动词
注意:
对于动词+副词类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：
He turned ff all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it t me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。
【题组训练】
( )16.(2014·咸宁)—When will yur new bk _______?
—It has nt been decided yet.
A.find ut B.cme ut
C.lk up D.set up
( )17.(2014·山西)—Mum.I did best in ur grup discussin tday.
—Well dne! I _________ yu.
A.am mad at B.am patient with
C.am prud f
( )18.(2014·河南)This bus desn’t g t the train statin.I’m afraid yu’ll have t ______ at the library and take the A52.
A.take ff B.put ff
C.get ff D.turn ff
( )19.(2014·十堰)—The sng Where did the time g _____ the ld days and the lve f family.
—Sure.It’s my favrite sng.
A.helps us ut B.reminds us f
C.lets us dwn D.regards us as
( )20.(2014·安徽)As time _______，yu’ll cme t think f English as yur friend and lve it.
A.ges by B.runs ut
C.takes ff D.turns up
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.—Can I brrw yur English bk,please?
—Sure.But yu must ______ it t me sn.
A.keep B.buy
C.return D.hld
( )2.—Have yu ever listened t the sng Baby?
—Yes,it _____ wnderful.All f us like it very much.
A.smells B.sunds C.lks D.tastes
( )3.—Hw abut the silk skirt?
—It ______ sft!I’ll take it.
A.tastes B.sunds C.smells D.feels
( )4.After the serius illness,he finally _____ hw imprtant health is.
A.realized B.meant
C.added D.impressed
( )5.The ld man’s eyesight isn’t very gd.He ften ______ Tim fr Jim.
A.regards B.treats
C.mistakes D.thinks
( )6.—Why is Lily s ppular amng the students?
—Because she ften_____us with help and care.
A.gives B.ffers
C.prvides D.supprts
( )7.—D yu think Hustn Rckets will beat Lakers?
—Yes.They have better players,s I ______ them t win.
A.hpe B.think C.depend D.expect
( )8.—Hw lng d yu think the terrible weather will______?
—Why nt listen t the weather reprt?
A.appear B.last C.change D.discver
( )9.Listen! The whle class is quiet nw. It _____ that everyne falls asleep.
A.seems B.lks C.sunds D.gets
( )10.The children are making t much nise.I can’t ____ it.
A.stand B.hear C.cnsider D.knw
( )11.Ww,the dish _____ delicius. Culd yu please tell me hw t ck it?
A.keeps B.tastes C.sunds D.feels
( )12.—Why des Zhang Lei lk unhappy?
—Because her best friend didn’t _____ her t g n a picnic.
A.make B.let
C.invite D.refuse
( )13.David _______ his friend’s invitatin t the picnic in rder t stay at hme and have a gd rest.
A.expected B.refused
C.received D.tld
( )14.—Wh’s that by in the red cat?
—He is my new friend.Let me ______him t yu.
A.intrduce B.tell
C.prmise D.say
( )15.—What abut the picture ver there?
—It ________ nice.
A.tastes B.gets C.lks D.sunds
( )16.—May I g t the cinema,Mum?
—Certainly.But yu _____ be back by 11 ’clck.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
( )17.— ____I speak t May,please?
—I’m srry she ____ cme t the phne because she is busy nw.
A.Might;wn’t B.Can;mustn’t
C.May;can’t D.Culd;shuldn’t
( )18.—I want t knw if I ______ smke here.
—N,yu_______ .Culd yu see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?
A.can;needn’t B.must;can’t
C.shall;wn’t D.can;mustn’t
( )19.My wife never remembers my telephne number. She always _______ lk it up.
A.must B.shuld C.wuld D.has t
( )20.—_____ yu pass me the dictinary,please?
—Sure.Here yu are.
A.Culd B.Need C.Must D.Might
( )21.—Must I g there with yu?
—N,yu____ .David ______ g with me.
A.mustn’t;can B.can’t;must
C.dn’t;shuld D.needn’t;may
( )22.Yu ______ be careful when crssing the rad—the traffic lights aren’t wrking.
A.might B.shuld C.culd D.may
( )23.—Culd I brrw yur ruler?
—Yes,f curse yu _______.
A.will B.shuld C.can D.need
( )24.—I’ve taken smene else’ s green sweater by mistake.
—It _______ Henry’s.He always wears green.
A.has t be B.will be
C.mustn’t be D.culd be
( )25.The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly but luckily everyne _______ get ut.
A.had t B.wuld
C.was able t D.culd
( )26.—Is Paul cming by train?
—He shuld,but he _______.He likes driving his car.
A.can’t B.needn’t
C.may nt D.mustn’t
( )27.—Isn’t that Ann’s husband ver there?
—N,it _______ be him.I’m sure he desn’t wear glasses.
A.can’t B.must nt C.wn’ t D.may nt
( )28.Susan,yu ______ leave all yur clthes n the flr like this!
A.wuldn’t B.mustn’t
C.needn’t D.may nt
( )29.—Listen!Smene is singing in the next rm. Wh____ it be? Is it Zhu Lei?
—N.It ______ be her.She is at schl nw.
A.will;may nt B.must;mustn’t
C.may;can’t D.may;wn’t
( )30.Susan’s parents have bught a large huse with a swimming pl.It _______ be very expensive.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
( )31.—D yu knw if he is still living?
—I’m nt sure.I think he _______die in a battle in 1943.
A.have t B.shuld
C.must D.might
( )32.—Yu can sit and read the bks here if yu _____.
—Thank yu very much.
A.can B.will C.may D.must
( )33.—Must I wash all the clthes this afternn?
—N,yu_______.
A.dn’t have t B.mustn’t
C.can’t D.may nt
( )34.—_______ the wrk be finished by the end f this week?
—Yes,it must.
A.Will B.Shall C.Need D.Can
( )35.—_______ I g there at nce?
—N,I dn’t think yu ____ nw.It’s still early.
A.Can;have t B.D;need t
C.Need;must D.May;wuld
( )36.—Tm,it’s cld utside. _______yur cat when yu g ut.
—OK,Mum.
A.Take ff B.Take away
C.Put away D.Put n
( )37.I wrk very hard because I dn’t want t______ .
A.let my parents dwn
B.let dwn my parents
C.let my parents t be disappinted
D.let my parents g
( )38.—When will Han Han’s new bk ________?
—Srry,I dn’t knw.Im lking frward t his new bk,t.
A.cme n B.cme ut
C.cme in D.cme ver
( )39.—Great changes have taken place in this city.
—Right.Many mdern buildings have been _______ these days.
A.turned up B.put up
C.shwn up D.fixed up
( )40.Dnt wrry!Im sure yu’ll _______ yur classmates if yu are kind and friendly t them.
A.catch up with B.agree with
C.get alng well with D.make friends with
分类图解
类别
功能及用法
例子
行为
动词
及物动
词vt.
本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。
可以
接宾语
affrd,buy,
enjy,keep
不及物
动词vi.
不可以直接接宾语
arrive,cry,
die,fall
连系
动词
本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
be,smell,
lk,taste
助动词
本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。
d,des,
will,shall
情态动词
本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。
may, must,
can, need
特例清单
分类图解
常用连系动词
词义
例句
be
是
I’m a girl with shrt hair.
becme
成为，变得
Mike becmes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr. White’s face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flwers smell nice.
sund
听起来
The plan sunds gd.
taste
尝起来
The sup tastes delicius.
stay
保持
The shp stays pen till 8 pm.
grw
成长，变得
Her hair is grwing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
feel
感到，摸起来
The cat feels very sft
lk
看起来
My mther lks very yung.
注意
1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。
2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词d,des,did等。
分类图解
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
may
表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。
—May I g ut and play ftball?
—N,yu mustn’t.
表推测，意思是“可能”。
Mr.Li may be at hme.
can
(culd)
表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t,culdn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I culd ride the bike when I was 6 years ld.
用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，culd比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Culd yu tell me smething abut yur schl?
表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t be at hme. He has gne t Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able t可以用于各种时态。
He can spell these wrds.
He has been able t draw pictures already.
must
表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。
Yu must be careful next time.
Yu mustn’t take phts here.
表示推测，意为“必定”。
He must be in the rm.
表示说话人的主观看法。
I must g hme nw.
must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，have t；否定回答时用needn’t或dn’t have t。
—Must I finish the hmewrk tday?
—N,yu needn’t/yu dn’t have t.
need
表示“需要”，多用于否定句。
He needn’t wrry abut it.
作实义动词，后接动词不定式。
I’m very tired and I need t have a rest.
分类图解
类别
实例
汉义
动
词
+
副
词
add up
加起来
break ut
爆发
carry n
坚持下去；继续下去
change int
转换成；变成
clean up
清除；收拾干净
clear up
整理，收拾；(天气)放晴
cme back
回来；想起来
cme dwn
落下来
cme in
进入，进来
cut dwn
砍倒
cut ff
切断
cut up
切碎
eat up
吃光，吃完
fall behind
落在……后面；输给别人
find ut
发现；查明
get alng
取得进展
get tgether
聚会，联欢
get up
起床
give away
分发；赠送
give back
归还,送回
give in
屈服
give ut
分发；用完，耗尽
give up
放弃
g ahead
继续
g away
走开，离去
g n
继续
grw up
长大成人，成长
hand in
上交；交纳
hand ut
分发
hld n
坚持；(打电话)别挂断
keep n
继续(进行)
let in
让……进来，放进
lk ahead
向前看
lk up
查找
pay back
偿还(借款等)
pick up
拾起，捡起；开车接；学会
pint ut
指出，标明
put ff
推迟
put n
穿；戴上；上演
put up
举起；张贴
start ff
出发
stay up
熬夜
take ff
脱下；起飞
turn dwn
声音调小
turn in
上交
turn ff
关闭
wake up
唤醒，醒来
watch ut
当心
wrk ut
计算出动
词
+
介
词
agree with
赞同，同意(某人的看法)
arrive at/in
到达
ask fr
请求；询问
base n
以……为依据
belng t
属于
break int
破门而入
call fr
需要；呼吁
care fr
在乎，关心
cme frm
来自……
deal with
处理；对付
depend n/upn
依靠；相信；依赖
get ver
克服
get t
到达……
g by
走过，经过
g ver
仔细检查；复习
knck at
敲
laugh at
嘲笑……
learn frm
向……学习
lk after
照顾
lk at
看……，观看……
lk fr
寻找
lk like
看起来像
pass by
经过
pint t
指向……
quarrel with
(和某人)争吵
stand fr
代表(某事物)；支持
stick t
坚持
talk abut
谈论，议论
think abut
考虑
think f
想起，想出；认为
wait fr
等待
动
词
+
副
词
+
介
词
add up t
加起来总计
catch up with
赶上
cme up with
想出
get alng with
相处
g n with
继续进行
keep away frm
远离
keep up with
跟上；和……保持联系
lk dwn n/upn
看不起
lk frward t
盼望
lk ut f
朝……外看
make up f
由……组成，构成
run ut f
耗尽
参考答案：
(八)动词的分类
题组训练
1—5DABCA6—10BAADC11—15BBBAB
16—20BCCBA
整合集训
1—5CBDAC6—10CDBAA11—15BCBAC
16—20CCDDA21—25DBCDC26—30CABCA
31—35DBACC36—40DABBC