【13】中考英语专项复习 主谓一致和倒装句

这是一份【13】中考英语专项复习 主谓一致和倒装句，共4页。
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。
02 定义 概念清晰化
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
❶语法一致原则
1.what从句作主语时 ，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are gd bks.她需要的是一些好书。
2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,many a,n等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
Each by and each girl has gt a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
【题组训练】
( )1.(2014·黔东南)Climbing hills _____ gd fr ur health.
A.are B.is C.was D.were
( )2.(2014·咸宁)—What are yu ging t d this weekend?
—I tgether with my classmates ____ ging t climb Munt Qian.
A.is B.am C.are D.Were
( )3.(2014·达州)—I called yu at 5:00 yesterday afternn，but n ne answered.
—Srry，I with my parents______ at that time.
A.was shpping B.were shpping
C.are shpping D.went shpping
( )4.(2014·孝感)A number f vlunteers ____ frm far away cities.
A.is B.are
C.is cme D.arc cme
( )5.(2014·白银)The z keeper is wrried because the number f visitrs ________ smaller and smaller.
A.becme B.are becming
C.is becming D.have becme
❷意义一致原则
1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The United States is a develped cuntry.美国是一个发达的国家。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the mst splendid waterfall in the wrld.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。
2.nne如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；nne如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：
Nne f the mney belngs t me.没有一分钱是属于我的。
Nne f the students has/have been t Egypt in ur class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3.“all/mst/half/the rest f+名词”作主语，谓语动词与f后面的名词的数保持一致。如：
Mst f her mney is spent n clthes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half f the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。
【题组训练】
( )6.(2014·广东)—D yu need mre time t cmplete the task?
—Yes.Anther ten days ______ enugh.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
( )7.(2014·宜宾)Lk! The plice _____ the fd nt the bank f the river.
A.am carrying B.is carrying
C.are carrying D.are carried
( )8.(2013·广安)—Maths ______ my favrite subject.What abut yu?
—Physics _______.I think it’s very interesting.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is
( )9.(2012·佛山)Thanks t the rganizatin，sme mney ______ given t the pr children.
A.was B.were C.are
( )10.(2012·自贡)—Hw sn can yu finish this jb?
—Tw days ____ enugh fr me t finish the wrk.I need a week.
A.isn’t B.aren’t C.is
❸就近一致原则
【题组训练】
( )11.(2014·广安)—Neither Tny nr I ____ interested in playing Weib.
—Yu are ut.
A.am B.is C.are
( )12.(2014·白银)There ______ great changes in such kind f PDAs(掌上电脑)in the last few years.
A.has been B.have been
C.has had D.have had
( )13.(2014·济宁)Acrss frm my hme，_______ a shp which sells things frm freign cuntries.
A.it is B.it has
C.there is D.that is
( )14.(2014·重庆)There ______ lts f sheep and pigs n my uncle’s farm nw.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
( )15.(2013·安顺)Neither my sister nr I ______ been t America befre.
A.have ever B.have never
C.has ever D.has never
❹倒装句
【题组训练】
( )16.(2014·黄石)—Srry Sir，I’ve made s many mistakes in this paper.
—It’s paper is very difficult.
A.S have ther students
B.S d ther students
C.Neither d ther students
D.Neither have ther students
( )17.(2014·南充)—He hasn’t seen that interesting film befre.
—_________.
A.S have I B.Neither have I
C.Nr d I D.S d I
( )18.(2014·云南)—Kunming is really a cmfrtable city t live in.
—_________.The weather is pleasant.
A.S it is B.S is it
C.S it des D.S des it
( )19.(2014·遂宁)—Will yu g t Peter’s party this Saturday evening?
—I haven’t decided yet.If yu dn’t g，________.
A.s will I B.neither d I
C.neither will I
( )20.(2014·白银)—Has yur mther been t Lndn?
—Yes，and _______ .We went tgether.
A.s have I B.s I have
C.neither have I D.neither I have
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.One f my friends ______ mved t America. I miss her s much.
A.has B.have
C.is D.are
( )2.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Nt nly she but als I______ gd at drawing.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
( )3.Ten minutes ag, there _____ an eraser,a pen and sme bks n the desk.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
( )4.Linda,with her parents, ______ the Wlf Hill, and they will be back this afternn.
A.have gne t B.has been t
C.have been t D.has gne t
( )5.In 1850,abut a third f the USA ______ cvered with frests(森林).
A.were B.has been
C.are D.was
( )6.The ppulatin f the wrld ______ still _____ nw.
A.has;grwn B.will;grw
C.is;grwn D.is;grwing
( )7.As the saying ges, n news _______ gd news.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
( )8.Mst f the bys wh are gd at playing basketball_____ in gd health.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
( )9.—Have yu gt any water t drink?
—Here yu are.There ______still sme in the bttle.
A.are B.has C.is D.have
( )10.Cindy tgether with her parents ften _____ t the mvies n weekends.
A.g B.ges
C.has gne D.have gne
( )11.—Which wuld yu like,tea r cffee?
—Either______ OK,but I prefer cffee _____ tea.
A.is;t B.are;with
C.is;with D.are;t
( )12.The whle family _______ enjying the beautiful music nw.
A.is all B.all is C.all are D.are all
( )13.—Hw much wuld yu like t pay fr the pair f shes?
—Twenty dllars _______ enugh.
A.be B.is C.are D.am
( )14.—Physics _____ mre difficult than math, d yu think s?
—Yes,I think s.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
( )15.Everyne _______ I cme frm Sichuan. Actually, I cme frm Shanxi.
A.thinks B.dn’t think
C.think D.desn’t think
( )16.Each man and wman _____ the same rights(权利).
A.had B.has
C.have D.is having
( )17.Climbing hills ______ f great help t ur health.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
( )18.Each f the girls here ________ t the West Lake twice.
A.have gne B.have been
C.has gne D.has been
( )19.Neither my father nr my mther _____ rck music.They think it’s t _______.
A.likes;nisy B.likes;nise
C.like;nisy D.like;nise
( )20.______ f the land in this district ______ cvered with trees and grass.
A.Tw fifths;are B.Tw fifth;are
C.Tw fifth;is D.Tw fifths;is
( )21.Smething _____ gne wrng with my TV set.
A.has B.have
C.is D.are
( )22.Talking alud n a mbile phne ____ implite.
A.are B.seem C.is D.lk
( )23.Everyne except Bill and Jim _______ there when the meeting began.
A.was B.is C.are D.were
( )24.Half f the students _____ made the suggestins.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
( )25.—Hw many classes d yu usually have a day?
—Six classes a day.And each f them ______ 45 minutes.
A.last B.lasts C.have D.are
分类图解
使用情况
例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
The girl is fnd f singing.
T prtect the envirnment is ur duty.
Reading in the sun is bad fr ur eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
The students are having their math class.
They have been t Qingda twice.
and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。
Eating vegetables and ding exercise are gd fr ur health.
The writer and teacher is cming.
The writer and the teacher are cming.
bth…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Bth Peter and Mike cme frm England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shrts, trusers, jeans, shes, clthes, glves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Jack’s glasses are brken.
Linda’s shes are black and blue.
“a number f +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number f+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number f trees have been planted.
The number f the men teachers in ur schl is mre than 120.
不定代词anther, each ne, either, neither, the ther, smebdy, smene, smething, nbdy, everybdy, everyne, everything, nthing, anybdy, anything, anyne, n ne等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is everyne here?
Smething is wrng with my cmputer.
I called last night,but nbdy was in.
主语后面跟with, alng with, like, except, besides, as well as, tgether with, including, n less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致
Mei Mei,with her parents,ften ges t the park n Sunday.
A teacher,tgether with sme students,is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (srt/ type/ frm/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ lad/ blck/ bx/ handful/ quantity/ tn/ metre/…)f”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。
This kind f car is made in China.
Large quantities f water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lt f／lts f, plenty f, mst f + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Tw thirds f the wrk has been finished.
Mst f the bks are written in English.
特例清单
分类图解
使用情况
例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crwd,family, team, grup, gvernment, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。
His family isn’t large.His family are fnd f watching sprts prgrams.
有些集合名词如peple, plice, cattle, pultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, wrks, physics, plitics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
The plice are searching fr the murder.
Physics is really difficult fr me
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The yung are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(f),plenty (f),the rest(f),(a)part(f)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。
Half f the wrk has been finished.
Half f the wrkers have finished their wrk ahead f time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Tw punds isn’t s heavy.
Tw mnths is a lng hliday.
Ten yuan is enugh.
Ten minus five is five.
特例清单
分类图解
使用情况
例句
由r, either…r…, nr, neither…nr…,whether…r…,nt…but…,nt nly…but als…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致
Neither yu nr he is wrng.
Nt nly Jim but als his friends are enjying the film.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。
Here are sme bks and paper fr yu.
There is an range and tw apples n the plate.
结构
例句
s+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”)
—Tm has ever been t China.汤姆曾经到过中国。
—S has Mike.迈克也去过。
neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定)
—Li Ping wasn’t late fr schl this mrning.李平今天上午没有上学迟到。
—Neither was Tm.汤姆也没有。
s+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此”)
—He cntinued watching TV after the phne rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。
—S he did.的确如此。
Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语
Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词
Here cmes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here it is.它在这里。
参考答案：
(十三)主谓一致和倒装句
题组训练
1—5BBABC6—10ACAAA11—15ABCDA16—20ABACA
整合集训
1—5ABCDD6—10DABCB11—15ADBAA16—20BCDAD21—25ACABB