【尖子生暑假拔高】初中英语专题讲义：8情态动词（教师版+学生版）

这是一份【尖子生暑假拔高】初中英语专题讲义：8情态动词（教师版+学生版），文件包含8情态动词学生版docx、8情态动词教师版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共32页， 欢迎下载使用。

课程主题：8情态动词
学习目标
1．掌握情态动词近义辨析及否定的不同含义区别。
2．掌握不同的情态动词所表达的不同意义及其用法；
一、情态动词
1．情态动词的概念
情态动词表示说话人对某种行为或状态的看法或态度，是表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。情态动词还能帮助构成疑问句和否定句。
考纲要求了解以下情态动词：can，may，must，need，shuld，shall，will，culd，wuld，ught t及have t，be able t，used t的用法。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，其后常跟行为动词的原形。
2．can (culd)与be able t
can表示能力，否定形式是can't(= cannt)，culd是can的过去式，也可以表示委婉客气的语气；“be able t”表示能力，可以代替can，但是can只有两种形式：现在时形式can与过去时形式culd，而“be able t”除有现在时、过去时、将来时外，还可以有现在完成时、不定式、动词ing形式等。另外，can表示本身具有某种能力，而be able t表示经过努力而能……（强调结果），请比较：
(1) Can yu speak English? 你会说英语吗？
(3) I'm srry,I can't jump that high．很遗憾，我跳不到那么高。
(4) Culd (Can) yu lend me sme mney? 你能借给我一些钱吗？
(5) I'm nt able t help yu nw．我现在帮不了你。
(6)I haven't been able t sleep well recently.近来我总是睡不好觉。
(7) He will be able t finish the wrk n time．他会按时完成工作的。
(8) What can I d fr yu？／Can I help yu? /Anything I can d fr yu? 你要买什么？
3．must, have t 和 need
1）must主要指不可推卸的责任。
I must start at six tnight.我必须在今晚6点动身。
—Must I finish all the wrk tday?
—Yes, yu must (N，yu needn’t.)
2）must在肯定句中也可表示肯定的推测。
Yu must be tired after walking a lng way.
The light in his rm is still n. He must be at hme.
3）否定句表示禁止。
Cars must nt be parked here.
4）must的过去时、将来时和完成时，用have t / have gt t来表示。
Yu’ll have t g there at nce.
He had t stp smking.
5）have t的现在时，可以代替must，起情态动词的作用，意为“必须；不得不”。
Yu have t drive n the right in the
I haven’t gt t get up early tmrrw.
6）need主要指需要，常用于否定句或疑问句。
Yu needn’t get up s early, fr it is Sunday tday.
Need I stay any lnger?
7）need也可用作实意动词，也指需要，后接名词或动词不定式。
Plant needs water.
Des he need any help?
We need t wrk harder.
4．may 和 might
1）may和might主要指允许，也可表示可能。might是may的过去式，表示过去的可能、许可等。
—May I cme in?
—Yes, please.
She said (that) he might cme late. (= She said, “He may cme late. “）
2）may在肯定句中也可用于表示肯定的推测。
He may be at hme.
3）may nt在否定句中也可用于表示禁止。
Yu may nt take phts in the museum.
4）might也可用于现在时，表示有礼貌的请求，语气比may婉转。
Might I speak t yu fr a mment?
5．shall, will 和 wuld
1）shall主要指请求、建议或表示提供帮助。
—Shall we g t the cncert tnight?
—Yes，let’s. (N，let’s nt,)
2）will / wuld主要指“请求或意愿”。wuld是will的过去式，表示过去的意愿，也可用于现在时表示有礼貌的请求。
"Will yu pass me the sauce, please?
I said I wuld supprt them. ( = I said, “I will supprt them. ”)
6．shuld 和 ught t
1）shuld / ught t主要指“不可推卸的义务或责任”。ught t的语气比shuld稍强。
Every student shuld bey the schl rules.
He ught nt (ughtn’t) t drink t much.
2）shuld / ught t表示提出或征求意见。
Yu shuld try that new restaurant.
Yu ught t read this bk. It’s really interesting.
3）shuld / ught t用于表示劝告或建议时，可用had better替代。had better (可缩略为’d better)是个固定结构，had better与动词原形搭配使用，并不表示过去的行为，而是表示现在和将来的行为，意为“最好，应该”。
We had better start at nce.
We’d better nt eat t much fried fd, fr it is bad fr ur health.
7．半助动词used t
1）used t表示过去的习惯和状态。
This river used t be clean.
Our cmpany used t d business with theirs.
2）used t构成的否定句为didn’t use t，在比较正式场合也可用usedn’t。
He didn’t use(d) t drink.
Did yu use(d) t be a farmer?
He used nt t drive a car.
Used they t wrk here?
3）used t d sth.和 be used t ding sth.的区别在于：
used t d sth.指曾经常常做（只指过去的事）。
be used t ding sth. 指习惯做（可指过去、现在或将来的事）。
get / becme used t指习惯于（指从不习惯到习惯）。
They used t live in the cuntryside. (=They were used t living in the cuntryside.)
I’m nt used t getting up early.
Yu’ll sn get used t Chinese fd.
例1．Yu talk ludly in a library.
A. need t
B. must
C. can
D. shuld nt
【答案】D
例2．All the drivers _____ bey the new traffic rules t imprve ur rad safety.
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
【答案】B
例3．Since yu are very tired, yu finish the wrk tday. Yu ught.t g hme earlier.
A. shuldn't
B. may nt
C. mustn't
D. needn't
【答案】D
例4．Susan and her parents be at hme nw. I saw them ff at the airprt just nw.
A. must
B. mustn't
C. can
D. can't
【解答】can't be 表示否定的推测，某件事情一定不会发生。根据句意可知刚刚在机场送他们，所以是一定不在家。
【答案】D
例5．We stay in the cinema fr ver tw hurs yesterday because f the heavy rain.
A. shuld
B. culd
C. ught t
D. had t
【答案】D
例6．-Must I get up befre six 'clck tmrrw mrning, dad?
-N, yu .Tmrrw is Saturday. Yu may get up later
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. may nt
【答案】C
例7．---- Mum, can I play basketball with Peter nw?
---- N. Yu finish yur hmewrk first.
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
【答案】B
例8．I met Tm in the library just nw. He____ be at hme nw.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. shuldn’t
D. can't
【答案】D
例9．Yu talk t the class teacher. I have tld him everything already.
A. dn’t need t
B. dn’t need
C. needn’t t
D. nt need
【答案】A
例10．Ben lift the heavy bx by himself ,s he asked his father fr help.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. culdn’t
D. shuldn’t
【解答】根据“他让他爸爸帮忙”可知，他自己不能抬得动那个重箱子，所以选culdn't。
【答案】C
【巩固练习】
1．Since yu are very tired, yu finish the wrk tday.
A. needn't
B. may nt
C. mustn’t
D. can't
【答案】A
2．-Is Betty in the ffice?
-N,she there,I saw her in the cafeteria several minutes ag.
A. culdn't be
B. can't be
C. mustn't be .
D. needn't be
【答案】B
3．Peter g t Krea fr his summer vcatin, but he is still nt sure.
A. shuld
B. will
C. need
D. may
【答案】D
4．--Must we finish the wrk right nw?
--N, yu Yu can d it tmrrw.
A. needn't
B. shuldn't
C. mustn't
D. can't
【答案】A
5．Accrding t the law, traffic keep t the left in England.
A. may
B. must
C. need
D. can
【答案】B
6．Jenny has t d the same wrk every day. She be very bred with her jb.
A. can
B. must
C. shuld
D. need
【答案】B
7．It's t late. I'm afraid I make a call t my parents.
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. culd.
【答案】A
8．There’s enugh time befre the plane takes ff. Yu be in such a hurry!
A. must
B. needn’t
C. can
D. mustn’t
【答案】B
9．They are cnsidering t put ff the trip t the seaside because it rain tmrrw.
A. may
B. can
C. shuld
D. must
【答案】A
10．We tuch r take pictures f these exhibits(展品), fr it’s against the rules.
A. wuldn’t
B. needn’t
C. mustn’t
D. may nt
【答案】C
11．Since yu’ve gt plenty f time,yu finish the wrk in such a hurry.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. can’t
D. didn’t
【解答】由于有足够时间，所以不需要急匆匆的完成工作。needn`t 不需要，mustn`t 不必，can`t 不能，didn`t 没有
【答案】A
12．-- I didn’t pass the math test. I have watched TV series every day.
-- Yu spend t much time n that.
A. needn’t
B. shuldn’t
C. may nt
D. wuldn’t
【答案】B
13．Dustin has been warned that he lse at least 10 punds if he wants t stay healthy.
A. may
B. can
C. wuld
D. shuld
【答案】D
14．- What shuld a gldfish be fed? Is candy OK?
- N! It be fed candy. Give it shrimp r cked rice
A. desn’t have t
B. may nt
C. Needn't
D. can't
【答案】D
15．Bb fell ff the ladder yesterday but he is all right .He is lucky, he himself badly.
A. culd have hurt
B. may have hurt
C. might hurt
D. shuld have hurt
【答案】A
课堂练习
1．Yu finish all the hmewrk this afternn if yu have smething imprtant t d.
A. needn't t
B. dn't have t
C. dn't need
D. haven' t t
【答案】B
2．Fd safety is imprtant. Rules ____ t stp peple frm fd pllutin.
A. must make
B. must be made
C. can make
D. can be made
【答案】B
3． It rained heavily last night. The field utside wet nw.
A. can be
B. may be
C. must be
D. shuld be
【答案】C
4． Dn't talk t the ld peple like that, Billy. We _____ respect them.
A. shuld
B. .may
C. need
D. can
【答案】A
5．Students be careful when they d chemical experiments in the lab.
A. can
B. may
C. need
D. must
【答案】D
6．-.Must I finish my hmewrk tday, Mum?
- N, yu if yu have smething else t d.
A. mustn't
B. culdn't
C. dn't have t
D. can't
【答案】C
7．It be Tny’s vice.Nbdy else can sing better than him.
A. mustn’t
B. can
C. may
D. must
【答案】D
8．What terrible weather it is! I’m afraid Susan’s flight .
A. maybe delay
B. can be delay
C. may be delayed
D. need delay
【答案】C
9．Since yu are very tired, yu _______ finish the wrk tday.
A. needn’t
B. may nt
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
【答案】A
10．Yu have made sme mistakes again. I think yu ____ be mre careful next time.
A. can
B. may
C. shuld
D. wuld
【答案】C
11．The sign says “Passengers shw their tickets and passprts.”
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. shuld
【答案】A
12．Even the tp students in ur class can’t wrk ut this prblem, s it be very difficult.
A. May
B. must
C. can
D. need
【答案】B
13．Even the tp students in ur class can’t wrk ut this prblem, s it _______ be very difficult.
A. May
B. must
C. can
D. need
【答案】B
14．Yu_____ finish all the hmewrk this afternn if yu have smething imprtant t d.
A. needn't t
B. dn't have t
C. dn't need
D. haven't t
【答案】B
15．The gvernment says actins_____be taken t stp child abuse(虐待儿童）in the kindergarten.
A. may
B. can
C. wuld
D. shuld
【答案】D
16．-- I didn’t pass the math test. I have watched TV series every day.
-- Yu spend t much time n that.
A. needn’t
B. shuldn’t
C. may nt
D. wuldn’t
【答案】B
17．All passengers g thrugh safety check befre they take a plane.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. ught
【答案】C
18．Jack be ill tday. I saw him playing basketball a mment ag.
A. needn't
B. mustn't
C. isn't able t
D. can’t
【答案】D
19．-Must I finish reading the bk tday?
-N.Yu if yu have smething else t d.
A. mustn't
B. culdn't
C. can't
D. dn't have t
【答案】D
20．Accrding t the traffic rules. Drivers drive after drinking.
A. can’t
B. shuld
C. mustn’t
D. needn't
【答案】C