专题3.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题-备战2021年中考英语解题技巧及真题分类精解（常州专用）

这是一份专题3.阅读技巧--主旨大意题、推理判断题-备战2021年中考英语解题技巧及真题分类精解（常州专用），文件包含第1课迎接蚕宝宝的到来pptx、第1课迎接蚕宝宝的到来docx、为蚕建造一个家mp4、蚕的孵化mp4、观察蚕卵的样子mp4等5份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共31页， 欢迎下载使用。

推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①It can be inferred/cncluded/seen frm the passage that...
②Which f the fllwing cnclusins can be drawn accrding t the passage?
③The writer suggests that...
④The writer uses the example shw that...
⑤What’s the writer’s attitude
⑥What’s the writer’s purpse f writing the passage?
⑦Frm the passage,we knw...
⑧The writer prbably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。
2020常州中考
“What’s wrng, Carina?” Cllin asked. “Hmesick again?”
His sister ndded.
“Yeah, me t.” Cllin sighed(叹息).
Their family had mved t the new place nearly fur mnths ag. The new place was hused inside a huge transparent dme (透明的圆屋顶). It still didn't feel like hme.
“I miss my friends,” Carina said sadly. “And green grass and swimming, and everything. I even miss the sund f rain n the rf(屋顶).”
“Wrst f all,” Carina cntinued, “my birthday is in tw days, and I dn't think Mm and Dad are planning anything special. They're t busy.”
“She's prbably right,” thught Cllin. Life here was very busy fr scientists like their parents. He dubted if they had time t plan a party. And hw culd they anyway? Things such as ballns and birthday candles didn’t exist here. They didn't even have enugh materials t make a cake.
“Dn’t wrry.” Cllin put an arm arund Carina's shulder.
Cllin walked tward the agricultural center, where his mm wrked. He fund her taking ntes n sme tall tube-like plants.
“What are thse?” he asked.
“Bamb plants,” said Mm. “They’re strng and grw fast. They make gd building materials.”
“May I have a piece?”
“Sure.” Mm handed ne t him and made a nte n her ntebk.
The next day, Cllin made tiny hles int the piece f bamb and put small nails(钉子)int each hle. He pured a handful f pebbles(鹅卵石) inside and cvered the pen ends.
Cllin held the bamb piece carefully as he hurried hme. He hid it behind his back and pened the frnt dr. T his surprise, Mm and Dad were hme early frm wrk. Mm was carrying smething that lked like a cake.
He lked clser and realized Mm had made a cake with dried apples and cinnamn(肉桂皮) sugar. A real treat, n the Mn.
Cllin handed his sister the bamb rd. “Happy birthday!”
“What is it?” Carina asked, lking at it curiusly.
“A rain stick,” said Cllin. “Whenever yu turn it ver, the pebbles fall arund the nails and it sunds like rain.”
Carina turned the stick, and the rm was filled with a sund like rain drumming n a rf.
“It’s Mn Rain!” she said. “It makes me feel like I’m hme.” She smiled at Cllin and turned the rain stick ver again.
29. What may be the best title f this passage?
A. Bamb PlantsB. Mn Rain
C. Hmesick Again!D. United Family
30. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. This passage is part f a science fictin written fr scientific research.
B. The family mved t the new place in rder t d sme sightseeing.
C. Their new hme was n a dry land n the earth far frm their ld ne.
D. Carina didn’t think her parents wuld plan anything special fr her birthday.
31. Which f the fllwing can best describe Cllin?
A. Careful and brave.B. Caring and creative.
C. Generus and intellectual.D. Rmantic and ppular.
主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(cnclusin)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’s the main idea f this passage?
②What is the passage mainly abut?
③What des the passage mainly discuss?
④The writer means t tell us that .
⑤The main idea f the passage is that .
⑥The passage is mainly abut .
⑦Frm the passage we can learn/cnclude that .
⑧The last paragraph is chiefly cncerned with .
⑨What’s the best title fr the passage?
⑩What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
The best title fr the passage is .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Tpic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Tpic);②阐述控制概念(Cntrlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:fr example,an example f,the mst imprtant example,first,secnd,next,then,last,finally,t begin with,als,besides that等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的fr example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个fr example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
2020常州中考
Lking at art shuld be like walking in the cuntryside. Yu may nt knw exactly where yu are, what bird is making that strange sund, r what the hill ahead f yu is called, but that’s part f the fun f it. Yu dn’t need t knw these things t feel the beauty f nature.
Of curse, if yu d knw yur birds, trees and lcal histry, a walk can be mre attractive. Yet such knwledge cmes slwly. It is picked up thrugh experience. A true knwledge f nature cannt just be given t yu thrugh an app n yur phne. Imagine pinting yur phne at the hill and getting plenty f infrmatin n screen. Wuld that enrich yur dreamy walk r ruin(毁灭) it?
Braggarts enjy an app that allws them t shw ff their knwledge, fr example, abut barque(巴洛克风格的) paintings. In fact, apps in museums try t prvide n-screen art histry at nce just t encurage peple t read their phnes instead f lking at paintings.
It is a mistaken idea that yu need t be spn-fed(灌输) amazing facts abut a wrk f art in rder t appreciate(欣赏) it. Our first experience f a wrk f art shuld be raw(自然状态), unguided, and a bit puzzling, like fllwing a path in the wds. Later, yu might chse t d sme persnal research int the wrk. It can further increase yur enjyment and appreciatin fr it. Yet it is best dne when yu’re away frm the art itself, s that even when yu return, the wrk still feels fresh.
Anyne wh thinks knwing sme dates and details makes yu better understand a wrk f art is wrng. We all need t put aside ur screens and ur suppsed knwledge when we lk at art. Let the paintings flw in; let yur intuitins(直觉) fly ff. Art is a jurney in the wilderness r it is nthing at all.
32. What des the writer mainly want t say?
A. Art is best with the help f apps.
B. Art is best when hidden in mystery.
C. Art is nthing cmpared with nature.
D. Art is nthing when details and facts are knwn.
33. The underlined wrd “braggarts” refers t(指)_________.
A. peple wh like shwing ff
B. peple wh like barque paintings
C. thse wh are gd at appreciating art
D. thse wh are gd at painting with phnes
34. What’s the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A. Hw t appreciate a wrk f art.
B. Hw t persnal research int a wrk f art.
C. Hw t keep yur feelings abut a wrk f art fresh.
D. Hw t be spn-fed amazing facts abut a wrk f art.
35. what can we infer(推断) frm the passage?
A. Because f apps, art will be ruined in the future.
B. A gd piece f art is usually made abut nature.
C. Research wrk and intuitins can bth help understand art.
D. Museums are nt suppsed t allw the use f mbile phnes.
中考真题精练
一
2020常州中考
Influenza, r flu(流感), is a type f virus. It spreads frm ne persn t anther quickly. When smene wh has the flu cughs r sneezes, little drplets frm their lungs (肺) spread ut int the air. Anyne nearby can get sick. Even a persn wh tuches smething with the virus and then tuches his r her muth, eyes, r nse, can becme infected(感染).
The utbreak f the 1918 influenza infected abut 500 millin peple wrldwide. It killed frm 20 millin t 50 millin peple. It was first seen in Eurpe, the United States, and parts f Asia. It then spread quickly arund the wrld. Many peple wh became sick were yung, healthy adults. At the time, n treatments wrked in the preventin f the spread f the killer flu. Peple were rdered t wear masks. Schls, theaters and ther public places were clsed.
When the first wave(波〉in the spring f 1918 hit, it didn't seem serius. Peple wh were infected felt the usual flu symptms(症状), which are chills, fevers, and feeling tired. Thse wh gt sick generally gt better after several days. Nt many died. Hwever, a secnd, highly cntagius(传染的)wave f influenza appeared in the fall f that same year. Victims died shrtly after they were infected — within hurs r days. Their skin turned blue and their lungs were filled with liquid(液体), making it very difficult t breathe.
By the summer f 1919, the flu pandemic(大流行病) came t an end. Sick peple had either gt well r died. Almst 90 years later, in 2008, researchers annunced they’d discvered why the 1918 flu was s deadly. The flu virus inflamed (使…恶化)the lungs, causing them t fill with liquid.
Since 1918, there have been several ther influenza pandemics, althugh nne has been quite as deadly.
26. What infrmatin abut the 1918 flu is mentined in the passage?
A. The reasn why it was s deadly.
B. The reasn why it ended.
C. The change it caused t medical research.
D. The place in which it was last seen.
27.All the peple that were infected with the 1918 flu___________.
A. had blue skin that led t their death
B. had tuched smene with the virus
C. died as their lungs were filled with liquid
D. had the virus in their bdies that made them sick
28. Which f the fllwing statements abut the 1918 flu is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Wearing a mask was the best way t treat it.
B. A yunger persn had a lwer risk f being infected with it.
C. Peple expected the cming f its secnd wave, but culdn’t stp it.
D. It was deadlier than any ther influenza pandemic in mdern histry.
二
2019常州中考
Nwadays, it never seems we have enugh time t realize all f the reading gals (目标) that we set fr urselves. Luckily, we have mbile apps such as Latte Read and GetAbstract t prvide abstracts (梗概) f a text. Abstracts are useful tls, especially fr students, but like having a friend describe the main cntent f a stry t yu, yu cannt experience the jy and excitement f reading the riginal (原来的) text f yurself.
I recently finished reading a thick bk f W. Smerset Maugham's cllected shrt stries. It tk me arund ten years t get thrugh. Thmas Mann's difficult The Magic Muntain tk me abut six mnths t read; Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged made me very bred mst f the time. Reading a bk, whether it is gd r bad, is a frmative (建设性的) experience. There are plenty f bks which I prbably shuldn't have taken the time t read. But the challenge f living fr a time in the thughts and experiences f a different histry r character makes even the wrst bk a valuable effrt.
Whenever I finish the last line f a bk and slwly clse it, I like t sit there and think ver its lines with a mix f nstalgia (怀旧之情) and pride. I then take the bk in hand and find a place fr it n my bkshelf. When I step back and lk at the bks n my shelf, it is as if I am lking at the histry f the different lives that I have lived.
Abstracts are useful as a tl t an end, but reading the actual (真正的) bk is smething much richer. Reading, like anything else in life, is much mre abut the jurney than it ever was the destinatin (目的地).
29. What des the writer mainly want t say?
A. Reading abstracts is a best shrt way t enjy literature.
B. Reading abstracts cannt bring yu the true feeling f actual reading.
C. Reading different kinds f bks brings yu many advantages.
D. The jurney and the destinatin are equally imprtant in ur reading.
30. What can we knw abut the writer frm the secnd paragraph?
A. He prefers thick and difficult bks t shrt stries.
B. A gd bk is better wrth reading than a bad ne t him.
C. He achieves a lt frm reading sme challenging bks.
D. He is lucky enugh never t have read a regrettable bk.
31 In the third paragraph the writer ___________ his main pint f view (主要观点).
A. explains the meaning fB. prvides further supprt fr
C. makes a cnclusin fD. ffers an ppsite example fr
三
2018常州中考
After a while attentin t Tm ended， and the usual schl murmur（嗡嗡读书声）rse upn the bring air nce mre． Nw the by began t steal secret glances（偷看） at the girl． She nticed it， made a face at him and gave him the back f her head fr the space f a minute． When she slwly faced arund again， an apple lay befre her． She pushed it away． Tm gently put it back． She pushed it away again， but with less animsity（敌意）． Tm patiently returned it t its place． Then she let it remain． Tm wrte n his paper， "Please take it-I gt mre．" The girl glanced at the wrds， but made n sign．
Nw the by began t draw smething n the paper， hiding his wrk with his left hand． Fr a time the girl refused t ntice； but her human curisity（好奇心） sn began t shw itself by hardly nticeable（明显的） signs． The by wrked n， seemingly nt aware． The girl made sme nn-cmmittal（含糊的） effrts t see， but the by did nt display that he was aware f it． At last she culdn't bear it and whispered：
"Let me see it．"
Tm partly uncvered the picture f a huse with sme smke rising frm the chimney（烟囱）． Then the girl's interest began t fasten itself upn the wrk and she frgt everything else． When it was finished， she gazed a mment， then whispered：
"It's nice-draw a man．"
The artist created a man in the frnt yard； she was satisfied， and whispered：
"It's a beautiful man--nw draw me in it．"
Tm drew an hur-glass（沙漏） as the bdy， a full mn as her head and sme arms added t it． The girl said：
"It's ever s nice-I wish I culd draw． N ne has ever taught me that．"
"It's easy，" whispered Tm， "I'll learn yu．"
"Oh， will yu？ When？"
"At nn． D yu g hme t dinner？"
"I'll stay if yu will．"
"Gd-that's a deal． What's yur name？"
1.What prbably happened in the classrm befre this passage？
A． The girl intrduced herself t the by．
B． Smething nticeable happened t the by．
C． They had a lessn n hw t draw．
D． The by drew an apple fr the girl．
2.What mst prbably happened t the apple finally？
A． Eaten by the by because the girl didn't accept it．
B． Eaten by the by because it was the last ne he had gt．
C． Eaten by the girl because they finally became friends．
D． Eaten by the girl because the by was drawing all the time．
3.What can we learn frm the 2nd paragraph？
A． The by didn't want the girl t shw interest in his drawing．
B． The girl didn't want t shw interest in the by's drawing nticeably．
C． The by didn't ntice the girl trying several times t see his drawing．
D． The girl didn't want the by t d the drawing in class any mre．
4.What in this passage made Tm succeed in making friends with the girl？
A． Using her curisity．
B． Shwing ff his drawing ability．
C． Teaching her hw t draw．
D． Inviting her t dinner．
四
2016常州中考
Many expressins that we use in American English cme frm nvels．Tday we will lk at sme f them frm Lewis Carrll's famus nvel"Alice in Wnderlan"in detail．
The stry is abut a yung girl fallin dwn a rabbit hle．When she finally lands，she finds herself in a strange wrld and meets sme strange characters．
The first character Alice meets is the White Rabbit，wh runs past her and says sme strange wrds．Alice chases（追赶）him，and that is where her adventures begin．
In English，chasing a white rabbit means chasing an impssible clue and finding yurself in a misleading situatin．
Then，as she runs after the rabbit，she falls dwn the rabbit hle int Wnderland．
T fall dwn the rabbit hle can mean t enter a cnfusing（令人困惑的）situatin．Hwever，usually we use this expressin t mean we get interested in smething t the pint f distractin（分神）．It ften happens by accident and is abut smething nt that meaningful．
Later in the stry，Alice meets the March Hare and the Hatter at a crazy tea party．Hares（野兔）have lng been thught t behave excitedly in March，which is their mating（交配）seasn．Scientifically，this may nt be true．But t be mad as a March Hare means that smene is cmpletely mad，r crazy．The expressin mad as a Hatter als means t be cmpletely crazy．Of the tw，mad as a Hatter is mre cmmn．But dn't tell the March Hare．Wh knws hw he will react（反应）！
Near the end f the stry，Alice meets the Queen f Hearts．A wman wh is called a Queen f Hearts likes cntrlling thers and always tries t cntrl everything and everyne arund her．
32．Which f the fllwing situatins best fits the expressins t fall dwn a rabbit hle？
A．When Tm was taking a walk in the frest，he suddenly fell ver nt the grund．
B．When Mary turned n the TV，she chse t watch the talk shw prgramme as usual．
C．When Jim was lking fr a sprt bk nline，he lst himself in many reprt n surperstars．
D．When Lily was thinking abut hw t slve a math prblem，she came up with a gd idea．
33．Accrding t the passage，the expressin t be mad as a March Hare ．
A．describes hw hares behave in March
B．shws hares'characteristics in a scientific way
C．is used mre ften than the expressin mad as a Hatter．
D．has the same meaning as the expressin mad as a Hatter
34．Which character in"Alice in Wnderland"wants thers t bey his r her rders in every situatin？
A．Alice
B．The March Hare
C．The Hatter
D．The Queen f Hearts．
35．The writer mainly wants t in the passage．
A．intrduce a famus nvel and its language style
B．intrduce a famus writer Lewis Carrll and his nvels
C．explre sme English expressins frm a famus nvel
D．explain why many expressins in English cme frm nvels．
五
2015常州中考
Last fall a beaver mved int the small stream beside ur huse. He began taking dwn small trees right away and in a cuple f weeks ur stream turned int a pnd(水塘). Every day, he added mre t his dam(水坝) and t his huse. We're sure yu've all heard the saying, "as busy as a beaver". Nw, we understand this saying as we saw the wrk that this beaver did ver a very shrt perid f time.
We thught that wuld be the last f the beaver's busy activity as winter came. T ur amazement, hwever, he started chewing(咀嚼) n a very large tree. The tree was ver 18 meters tall and arund 1.5 meters in diameter(直径). We were amazed at the challenge this beaver was trying. All winter, he chewed and chewed. He had setbacks(挫折) as we faced majr winter strms and ice-cld weather. But sure enugh, when the weather allwed, he wuld cme back and chew a bit mre.
The beaver's first gal(目标) was t survive--t build hme fr the winter. Wrking every day with that gal in mind, he successfully achieved that gal. But the large tree he started chewing n last fall was a future gal-- he wanted the large tree t prvide new fd and branches(树枝) fr the cming spring. Even with the setbacks he faced ver the winter, he never gave up until he reached it.
Our beaver's experience reminds us that we need t set gals fr tmrrw. Smetimes just surviving seems t take up all f ur time. But, if yu d just a little bit when time allws and stick t yur future gal, yu will achieve it.
When faced with setbacks, have yur gal in heart and dn't let the setbacks stp yu. Keep chewing like the beaver, and yu will achieve yur gal in the end.
23. What is the purpse f the beaver's chewing n the large tree?
A. T prvide mre fd fr the winter because f the snw.
B. T add mre branches t his dam and his huse.
C. T prepare new fd and branches fr the cming spring.
D. T keep wrking every day with a gal in mind.
24. Here is a paragraph(段)"When spring arrived, we went dwn t see the beaver's prgress. The tree was abut t fall. Our beaver had almst cmpletely chewed arund and thrugh the whle tree.” Accrding t the passage, it shuld be put______
A. between paragraph I and paragraph 2
B. between paragraph 2 and paragraph 3
C. between paragraph 3 and paragraph 4
D. between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5
25. The best title f this passage might be_____
A. Keep Chewing B. Be Like the Beaver
C. As Busy as a Beaver D. Set Prper Gals
五
2015常州中考
I was just ut f cllege, nly three days int a graduate (研究生) year in England, and I was pulling a heavy bag and suitcase(箱子) thrugh the Lndn Undergrund. I was als crying ut f cntrl.
The day befre yesterday, my uncle tld me never t speak t him, his wife, r my tw cusins again. Earlier, I made a jke. I didn't mean t hurt my aunt's feelings, but it did. I spent the evening in an ugly blue telephne bth (电话亭), crying as I spke t a family friend wh lived in England.
When I left the phne bth, I went back t a silent huse with three clsed bedrm drs. In the mrning, I heard everyne get up and leave fr wrk and schl. I wrte a nte t say srry and pulled my bags t the train statin. When I gt int Lndn, I had t take the undergrund t Angel Statin t get t my family friend's huse.
I was familiar with the undergrund, but at the time, it was just endless white tiles（瓷砖). Cming t England seemed like a bad decisin. Crying yet again, I tried t lift my suitcase up the stairs.
When I was trying hard t walk frward, there were hands. Each time I faced anther grup f steps, a hand wuld lift the suitcase. At the tp f the steps, the hand wuld let g, and I'd pull the suitcase t the next grup. And just as I wanted t try again, anther hand wuld appear.
It happened several times. I never lked up, because I culdn't stp crying. Each hand lked different, and many different peple helped me, withut asking r saying anything. I culdn't lk up. I wasn't able t say thank yu.
I went n t have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw r spke t any f my uncle's family. Yet when I think abut that terrible lss in 2008, I remember thse strangers' hands. They were there when I needed them, and even nw, they help me ut f the sadness f that memry. I think f them as I ride the undergrund in Washingtn D. C. tday, and I watch the citizens and turists t ffer hands at any time.
29. What was the writer's feeling while she was walking in the statin?
A. She felt sad and helpless at first, but might feel warm later.
B. She was lking frward t getting help frm friends.
C. She expected t leave Lndn and g back hme
D. She regretted making the jke, but was angry with her uncle.
30. In the last paragraph, the underlined wrds "that terrible lss" prbably mean_________.
A. I was crying when I tk the undergrund in Lndn
B. I left my uncle's family and haven't cntacted them since then
C. I didn't say thank yu t thse wh gave hands t me
D. I lst my gd md and felt sad when I left my uncle's family
31. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. It tells us a stry abut an unlucky and hmeless cllege student.
B. It describes the writer's experience thrugh the undergrund.
C. It expresses the idea f giving hands t strangers wh are in need.
D. It shws the helping hands that writer gt frm strangers.
模拟精练
一
Since May 8, Bstn Dynamics’ dg-like rbt, Spt, has been in use at Bishan-Ang M Ki Park in Singapre t help encurage scial distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠肺炎疫情) accrding t a reprt in the Suth China Mrning Pst.
Singpre’s gvernment is funding the experiment f the rbtic dg, which will last fr tw weeks at the park during ff-peak(非高峰的) hurs.
“The rbt isn’t enfrcing (强制 ). It’s just giving peple infrmatin and encuraging them, ”Bstn Dynamics funder Marc Raibert tld CNBC. “When Spt is patrlling(巡逻)the area, there’s a parks fficer nearby wh can d whatever enfrcement he decides is suitable. ”
Cameras fixed n Spt will scan the surrundings and help fficers wrk ut the number f visitrs in the park, but they cannt read faces and wn’t cllect any persnal infrmatin. It als carries a ludspeaker t bradcast a pre-recrded message t remind visitrs f the imprtance f scial distancing.
Withut enugh manpwer, Singapre is turning t rbtics t reduce the manpwer required fr park patrls and remind peple abut the risks they may be putting themselves and thers in.
The questin, hwever, is whether their use f Spt will be a gd tl r will r nly attract mre peple t it instead.
If the tw-week experiment prves successful, the gvernment will cnsider using Spt at the park during peak hurs. Singapre will als d studies t see if it’s wrth using ther Spts in ther parks. Already, Singapre engineers are trying t imprve Spt, making it tell if peple are tgether in a grup r strangers passing n the grass.
N ne knws if Spt will stay after the pandemic is gne, but ne thing is fr sure: the rbt is the hardest wrking dg in the wrld.
42. Why is Spt used at Bishan-Ang M Ki Park?
A. T draw visitrs’ attentin t it.B. T help encurage scial distancing.
C. T read and recrd visitrs’ faces.D. T help cllect private infrmatin.
43. The underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 4 refers t(指的是)________ .
A. visitrsB. strangersC. camerasD. fficers
44. What can we learn frm the last 3 paragraphs?
A. The experiment is still in prgress.B. The use f Spt prves t be a gd tl.
C. Spt will stay after the pandemic is ver.D. Singapre will n lnger need ther Spt rbts.
45. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Spt scares peple int keeping a distance in public.
B. Spt patrls the park fr tw weeks during peak hurs.
C. Spt can tell peple tgether in a grup frm strangers passing by.
D. The parks fficer nearby decides n the enfrcement instead f Spt.
二
As a kid, I walked t the library several times a week and stayed up late reading. I checked ut s many bks and returned them s quickly the librarian nce snapped, “Dn’t take hme s many bks if yu’re nt ging t read them all.”
“But I did read them all,” I said.
In cllege, when I created my nline dating（约会）prfile, in the “ favrite bks” sectin I put One Hundred Years f Slitude, A Mveable Feast, White Fang and s n. But I realized I hadn’t read mst f thse titles fr tw years.
David was my first nline date. David read abut a bk r tw a week. When we cmpared libraries, we had nly fur titles in cmmn.
On ur seventh date, David and I visited the library.
“I have a game,” he said, taking ut tw pens and Pst-its（便利贴）. Let’s find bks we’ve read and leave reviews in them fr the next persn. ”
We stayed there fr an hur.
Befre leaving, I said, “I will tell yu smething. I’ve nly read ne bk this year. ”
“But yu like bks, ”he said. “Yu like bkstres. Yu like libraries. Read a bk!”
Back hme, David’ s charge t “read a bk” eched in my head. I bught bks whenever I gt the chance, but I hardly read them. They sat n every surface until my huse appeared t wear bks the way ne wears clthes.
I picked up ne. Whenever I wanted t give up n it, I thught f David__________.
“Hw’s yur day?” David texted.
“Gd. A little tired, ”I replied. “I stayed up late and finished my bk. ”The last time I’d pulled an all-nighter t read, I was 12 and the bk was Little Wmen.
David suggested we visit the library again. He pulled a bk frm the shelf, drpped t ne knee, and pened it. Inside, his Pst-it read:“Karla, it has always been yu. Will yu marry me? ”
His prpsal had rested in the bk fr ver a year.
34. Hw d the first tw paragraphs help develp the stry?
A. T shw hw rude the librarian was.B. T shw Karla was always a reader.
C. T prve Karla just liked brrwing bks.D. T prve it’s better t buy bks than brrw bks.
35. Which is the crrect rder f what happened t Karla?
a. She had a game with David.
b. She created her nline dating prfile.
c. She was shwn the Pst-it written t her.
d. She tld David she nly read ne bk that year.
e. She fund they had nly fur titles in cmmn.
A. dbeacB. baecdC. beadcD. dbase
36. Which sentence shuld g in the empty bx in Paragraph 5 frm the bttm?
A. I just lved the idea f reading.
B. I tried t appear t be a bk lver.
C. I painfully realized mst f my bks went unread.
D. I felt him pushing me t be mre f the persn I used t be.
37. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. Falling in lve by the bkB. Buying bks fr yurself nt fr yur shelf
C.A true lver f bks knws n timeD. Lve bks enugh and bks lve yu back
三
D yu like Physics r Chemistry? Matter (物质) is always changing, either physically r chemically. If a material ges thrugh a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, ne kind f matter changes int anther cmpletely different kind f matter. Fr example, when we burn wd r ck fish, materials change. Peple use chemistry every day in the kitchen. The fd we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many f the chemicals in fd are necessary parts f a healthy diet.
Much f the fd we eat has been changed in sme way frm its riginal frm. The changes that fd underges may be chemical r physical. If a change des nt affect the fd’s chemical cmpsitin, we call it a physical change. Fr example, melted (溶解的) cheese has gne thrugh a physical change. It gets sfter when it is heated but it is still the same type f material. Any change that changes the chemicals in the fd is a chemical change. Bread cntains carbhydrates, which are chemicals made up f carbn, hydrgen, and xygen. When bread is baked (烘焙), the carbhydrates break dwn int black carbn and water. The carbn gives the bread a dark clr and a crunchy texture (质地). The water ges int the air.
T get a clser lk at the chemistry f baking, let’s watch hw a carrt cake is made. The main steps f baking any cake are mixing the ingredients (材料) and baking them tgether. In the curse f making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flur, sugar, salt, baking sda, baking pwder and spices. Flur gives the cake structure. Sugar helps t make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter. Baking pwder and baking sda make the cake rise.
Next, the carrts may be added t the cake. These help give the carrt cake its flavr, texture, and clr. The ther ingredients in the carrt cake are il and eggs. The il makes the cake tender and mist. Eggs serve tw purpses—the whites help the cake t rise, while the ylks (蛋黄) give it a creamy texture. All f these ingredients frm a mixture. This mixture can be separated int its different cmpnents (成分) althugh it is very difficult. Once the cake mixture is frmed, it’s pured int a cake pan and baked in an ven. The heat frm the ven has caused chemical changes t take place. The cake is finished and the ingredients cannt be separated.
38. The material desn’t change when we _______.
A. melt ice creamB. burn paperC. bake apple piesD. ck beef
39. What’s the crrect rder f baking a carrt cake in the passage?
a. Carrts, il and eggs are added. b. The dry ingredients are mixed.
c. The mixture is baked in an ven. d. Baking pwder and sda make the cake rise.
e. Preparing sme dry ingredients. f. The heat frm the ven causes chemical changes.
g. The ingredients cannt be separated. h. The mixture is pured int a pan
A. b-a-h-f-gB. b-h-c-d-fC. e-d-c-a-gD. e-c-a-g-d
40. After reading the passage, we knw that ________.
A. water and carbn can give the cake a dark clr and a crunchy texture
B. peple can separate the mixture f eggs and il int different cmpnents
C. chemicals in different kinds f fd that peple eat are bad fr their health
D. sugar and salt can’t be put int the mixture t make a cake at the same time
41. The passage mainly helps us t _______.
A. lk at the steps f baking cakes clsely
B. learn hw t make carrt cakes at hme
C. have a healthy diet with natural chemicals
D. understand physical and chemical changes
四
Herman planted the ht peppers (胡椒) in his five-hectare field in his twn. The 36-year-ld man put up a sign reading “Africa Hema Village” in Chinese, English and his native language. His first harvest will start this
mnth. Herman studied in China frm 2011 t 2018, receiving his master’s degree and a dctrate in envirnmental science. He returned t Rwanda in 2018 with his wife, Yang Hng, wh is frm China, and started his wn business. Hema Xiansheng CEO Hu Yi visited Rwanda t find quality prducts t bring t the Chinese market. Ht peppers were ne f his discveries. The cuple helped Hu’s team, frm research t field trips, testing prductin prcesses (加工) and s n. They als helped Hema Xiansheng’s purchasing (采购) manager, Chen Huifang, when she led a team f eight t visit Rwanda t research the pssibilities f making ht pepper prducts that suit Chinese preferences.
“We wre rubber glves when we tuched them. Our fingers still felt ht the next day,” Chen said. Their research and develpment team spent fur days studying and cking the peppers. Transprting fresh ht peppers t China prved difficult, s the fresh peppers can’t be imprted (进口) int China. Then Chen’s team decided t perfrm basic prcessing in Rwanda befre shipping. Prcessing requires a careful balance. T much salt will make the peppers less delicius. T little, and the peppers may g bad. Because plastics mustn’t be used in Rwanda, they had t find prper ways t carry the pepper sauce. The material they first used culdn’t stand the lng flights. Nw Chen is happy t see that the pepper sauce has sld well in Hema’s ffline and nline stres.
Herman pinted ut that few lcal farmers grw ht peppers because the market is small. A small amunt is sld t Eurpe. And lcal need is limited due t its spiciness. S, abut half the harvest is wasted every year. A yung man in Rwanda will nly make 10 yuan ($1.4) a day by wrking in the cities, but if they grw ht peppers due t Hema’s rders, they can make 50 t 60 yuan a day. Herman expressed his willingness t intrduce mre peple t make mre mney by farming, rather than wrking fr lwer incmes, when e-cmmerce (电子商务) can bring greater needs and sales.
“It’s a chance fr Rwandan peple t jin the new field and change their lives,” Herman said, “Thrugh building mre Hema Villages, Rwanda has the chance t becme a cuntry f digital agriculture.”
42. “Africa Hema Village” in Paragraph 1 is a place _______.
A. called Hema in AfricaB. where Herman’s wife was brn
C. prviding ht peppers fr HemaD. fr Africans t buy ht peppers
43. Why shuld the peppers be prcessed befre shipping t China? Because _______.
A. a balance is needed when the prcessing is dne
B. fresh ht peppers mustn’t be imprted int China
C. in Rwanda, peple are nt allwed t use plastics
D. during shipping, fresh ht peppers are easy t g bad
44. If a yung man in Rwanda grws ht peppers fr Hema, he may get abut ______.
A. 10 dllars a weekB. 1,600 yuan a mnth
C. 500 dllars a yearD. 16,000 yuan half a year
45. What can we learn frm the passage?
A.Many types f prducts have been ffered in Africa Hema Village.
B. Ht peppers frm Africa have a large market all arund the wrld.
C. Hema Xiansheng paid fr Herman’s seven-year educatin in China.
D. Herman hpes t d smething t imprve peple’s lives in Rwanda.
五
The next time Wayde saw Manningtree, he said, "Culd yu let me have a little f that medicine? Just enugh t see if it wrks. I’m srry t truble yu.”
"I have nly a very small amunt left. It will take me sme time t find ut hw t make mre.
"I will pay yu anything yu ask,.” Wayde said.
“ Dn't give me anything nw, but prmise t pay me $10,000 when yu becme Prime Minister（首相）.”
Wayde laughed. “That’s impssible, "he said. "I shall never becme Prime Minister.”
"Wh knws " Manningtree said." Give me a week and I'll see what I can d.”
A week passed. Then, Manningtree came t visit Wayde again. He brught with him a small bttle.
"I cannt find ut hw t make mre f this medicine, "he said, " but yu can have what's left I dn' t need it anymre.
"That’s very generus f yu." Wayde said. " Hw can I ever thank yu?”
"Just take ne small drp f the medicine nce a mnth." Manningtree said.
Wayde tk the bttle frm his friend. Once a mnth. he tk ne small drp.
The effect（效果）was immediate. Suddenly, he was nt nervus anymre. He was nt shy anymre, either. He was cnfident f his abilities.
He started a business and within a year became a millinaire. He met and married ne f the cuntry's mst intelligent and beautiful wmen and had tw lvely children with her. He ran fr parliament（议会）and succeeded. Within tw years, he was a minister. Tw years later, he became Prime Minister.
One day, he went t see Manningtree.
“Yu have cme t give me S10,000,” Manningtree said with a laugh. "Frget it. I dn't want it.”
“Yu can certainly have it if yu want it." Wayde said. “But that is nt the reasn I have cme t see yu.”
“Oh? And what is the reasn?" Manningtree asked.
“ I have almst finished the medicine yu gave me, " Wayde said. “Have yu fund ut hw t make it?”
Again Manningtree laughed. "Oh, yes,” he said. “ I have knwn hw t make it fr a lng time I knew hw t make it when I was at schl.”
"What d yu mean?” Wayde asked.
“ My dear friend and Prime Minister, " Manningtree said, "the medicine I gave yu was just a bttle f distilled water.”
“ But the clur.”
“Oh, I added sme clring.”
“Then, the medicine did me n gd, " Wayde said.
“ It didn’t need t. There was nthing wrng with yu. All yu needed was t have cnfidence in yurself.”
41. The stry is rganized .
A. in time rderB. in space rder
C. frm specific t generalD. frm general t specific
42. What happened t Wayde after taking the medicine?
A. He gt rich in a week as expected.
B. He suddenly gt nervus and shy.
C. He succeeded in becming Prime Minister.
D. He became the mst intelligent man in the cuntry.
43. Why did Wayde cme t see Manningtree years later？
A. T say thanks t the dctr.B. T ask fr mre f the medicine
C. T pay fr the medicineD. T give the rest f the medicine back
44. What d we knw abut the medicine?
A. It cst Wayde $10,000.B. It was useful but expensive.
C. It didn’t wrk well n Wayde.D. It was made up f water and clring.
45. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Cnfidence is the secret f success.B. A friend in need is a friend indeed
C. Helping thers is helping urselvesD. T much medicine is bad fr health
六
All abut Electric Cars
Electric vehicles(电动车辆) have been arund fr mre than a hundred years. But they have really been liked by a large number f peple ver the last ten years. Mre than three millin all-electric cars trucks and vans are nw n the rad wrldwide.
Helping the Envirnment
Mst cars run n gasline(汽油). Burning gasline and ther fssil fuels(矿物燃料) prduces greenhuse gases. Electric vehicles dn’t burn gasline. Instead, strng batteries run their electric engines. S, electric vehicles dn’t directly prduce greenhuse gases.
Pp Pwer!
Electric vehicles are better fr the envirnment. But they are nt perfect. Their batteries ften use electricity(电) that was made by burning fssil fuels. But an electric vehicle uses less energy than a vehicle that runs n gasline. Plus, sme f the electricity cmes frm “greener” surces, such as slar and wind pwer. And sme may sn cme frm a new surce — cw pp(牛粪)! An electric car cmpany has wrked tgether with a large dairy farm. They plan t make electricity using a greenhuse gas frm cw pp.
Always Imprving
One f the prblems fr electric vehicles is their limited range. This is hw far they can travel befre their batteries need anther charge(充电). But nw their range is imprving. Sme new electric vehicles can travel almst three times as far as lder nes did. Anther prblem is finding a place t recharge the batteries. But the number f charging statins is ging up as well. China nw has thusands mre charging statins than it did ten years ag. In Sweden, engineers have even designed a rad that will charge electric vehicles as they drive alng.
37. Which f the fllwing truly describes electric vehicles accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. Useless.B. Ppular.C. Cheap.D. Perfect.
38. What des the picture abve shw?
A. Parts f an electric car.B. Ways f driving a car.
C. Wheels n an electric car.D. Batteries in an electric car.
39. Hw des the electric car cmpany plan t make electricity accrding t Paragraph 3？
A. By burning gasline. B. By burning fssil fuels.
C. By using a gas cming frm cw pp. D. By using slar and wind pwer.
40. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Reasns fr buying new electric cars.
B. Imprtance f electric cars in ur life.
C. Ways t prduce mre electric vehicles.
D. Prblems and imprvements f electric vehicles.