2021年人教版高中高考英语常考句型、语法、动词短语50个知识点汇总
展开
这是一份2021年人教版高中高考英语常考句型、语法、动词短语50个知识点汇总,
1. be fnd f “喜爱,爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式
[1] He’s fnd f swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
[2] Are yu fnd f fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?
[3] He is fnd f his research wrk. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
2. hunt fr = lk fr 寻找hunt fr a jb 找工作
3. in rder t/s as t两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in rder t可放于句首, s as t则不能, 其否定形式为in rder nt t / s as nt t.
[1] He went t Beijing in rder t/s as t attend an imprtant meeting.
[2] In rder t be nticed, he shuted and waved t us.
为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4. care abut[1] 喜欢,对……有兴趣 = care frShe desn’t care abut mney.她不喜欢钱。
[2] 关心 = care frShe thinks nly f herself. She desn’t care abut ther peple. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。
[3] 在乎,在意(接从句或不接任何成分)These yung peple care nthing abut what ld peple might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”,“像……”,是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
6. drp a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7. make yurself at hme 别客气;随便;无拘束If yu get t my huse befre I d, help yurself t a drink and make yurself at hme. 如果你在我之前到我家,自己喝点饮料,随便一点。
8. stay up 不睡;熬夜[1] I'll be late hme, dn't stay up fr me.我将回家很晚,不要等我了。[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the mrning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9. cme abut 引起;发生;产生[1] Hw did the accident cme abut?这场事故是怎么发生的?[2] They didn't knw hw the change had cme abut.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10. except fr 除……之外[1] except 与 except fr 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如:①He answered all the questins except the last ne.除去最后一个,他回答了所有问题。②We g there every day except Sunday.除了星期天,我们天天去那里。
[2] except fr 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如:①Except fr ne ld lady, the bus was empty.除了一个老太太,公交车里没其他人。②Yur picture is gd except fr the clurs.你的画儿很好,只是某些色彩有问题。
[3] 但在现代英语中,except fr也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是:He answered all the questins except fr the last ne.
[4] 另外,在介词短语之前只能用except,不能用except fr。We g t bed befre ten, except in the summer.除了夏季,我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11. end up with 以……告终;以……结束The party ended up with an English sng.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. mre r less 几乎;差不多;大约;大概;大体上[1] I've mre r less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了,而他们没有。[2] Our living cnditin has mre r less imprved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引进;引来;吸收[1] We shuld bring in new technlgy.我们应该引进新技术。[2] He brings in 800 dllars a mnth.他一个月挣八百美元。
14. get away(frm) 逃离[1] The thieves gt away frm the shp with all ur mney.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。[2] I caught a really big fish but it gt away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼,可是它逃掉了。
15. watch ut (fr)注意;留心[1] Watch ut! There is a car cming.小心!汽车来了。[2] Watch ut fr the hle in the rad.留神路上的那个坑。
16. see sb. ff 给某人送行Tmrrw I will see my friend ff at the railway statin.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17. n the ther hand 另一方面; 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等,常说 n the ne hand …… n the ther hand 一方面……另一方面。
I knw this jb f mine isn't well paid, but n the ther hand I dn't have t wrk lng hurs.我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间。
18. as well as 和,还He is a talented musician as well as being a phtgrapher.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19. take place 发生 take ne’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb’s place 或 take the place f 代替、取代
20. n fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧;着火;起火”,有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。
set…n fire/set fire t…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。
Lk, the theatre is n fire! Let’s g and help.瞧,剧院着火了,咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21. n hliday 在度假,在休假中 When I was n hliday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau
23. take ff [1] 脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He tk ff his wet shes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
[2] (飞机)起飞 The plane tk ff n time. It was a smth take-ff.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
[3] 匆匆离开 The six men gt int the car and tk ff fr the park.这六个人上了车,匆匆离开去公园。
24. g wrng v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障
25. in all adv. 总共
26. stay away v.外出
27. lk up 查询(如宾语为代词,则代词放中间) Lk up the wrd in the dictinary. 在字典里查单词。
相关词组:lk fr 寻找;lk after照顾,照料;lk frward t期待;lk int调查;lk n旁观;lk ut注意;lk ut fr注意,留心,提防;lk ver翻阅,查看,检查;lk arund环视;lk thrugh翻阅,查看。
28. run after 追逐,追求 If yu run after tw hares, yu will catch neither.同时追两只兔子,你一只也抓不到。
29. n the air 广播 [1] We will be n the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。 [2] This prgramme cmes n the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30. think highly/well/much f 对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好;think badly/nthing/little/lwly f……认为不好, 对……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
[1] He was highly thught f by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。 [2] I think well f yur suggestin.我觉得你的建议很好。 [3] I dn’t think much f him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
31. leave ut [1] 漏掉 Yu made a mistake—Yu’ve left ut a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.[2] 删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed r left ut athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。
32. stare at (由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴,睁大眼睛地)[1] 凝视,盯着看 Dn’t stare at freigners. It’s implite.不要盯着外国人看,这样不礼貌。
[2] glare at (t stare angrily at)怒视着
33. make jkes abut 就……说笑 They make jkes abut my ld hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。
[1] have a jke with … abut…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stpped t have a jke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。[2] play a jke n…开某人的玩笑 We played jkes n each ther. 我们互相开玩笑。 [3] v. jke abut 取笑They jked abut my brken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。
34. take ver 接管;接替;继承 [1] What is gd and still useful shuld be taken ver.好的有用的东西应当继承。 [2] Our chairman has left, s Jack will take ver (his jb).我们的主席走了,因此杰克将接管(他的工作)。
35. break dwn[1] 破坏;拆散 ①Chemicals in the bdy break ur fd dwn int useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said t have brken dwn. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。
[2](机器)损坏 ①Our truck brke dwn utside twn. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car brke dwn halfway t the destinatin.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
[3] 失败;破裂 Their ppsitin brke dwn.他们的反对意见打消了。
[4] 精神崩溃;失去控制 He brke dwn and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。
[5] 起化学变化 Fd is brken dwn by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。
36. get n ne’s feet[1] 站起来;站起来发言 [2] (=stand n ne's feet)自立, 经济上独立 [3] (人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
37. g thrugh[1] 经历;经受;遭到 These cuntries have gne / been thrugh t many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
[2] 完成;做完I didn't want t g thrugh cllege.我不想上完大学。
[3] 通过;批准 ①The law has gne thrugh Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。
②Their plans went thrugh. 他们的计划得到了批准。
[4] 全面检查;搜查 They went thrugh ur luggage at the custms.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
38.take ver 接管;接替;继承 ①what is gd and still useful shuld be taken ver.好的有用的东西应当继承。 ②Our chairman has left, s Jack will take ver (his jb).我们的主席走了,因此杰克将接管(他的工作)。
2、 常考句型
39. “S + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的,“S”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句,则使用“Neither/Nr+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
[1] He’s tired, and s am I. (=I’ m als tired.)
[2] Yu can swim,and s can I.(=I can als swim.)She has had supper,and s can I.(=I’ve had lunch,t.)
[3] Tm speaks English,and s des his sister.(=His sister speaks English,t.)A: I went t the park yesterday.B: S did I.(=I als went t the park yesterday.)
40.“S +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序,s相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实,语气较强,意思是“确实如此”。
A:It was cld yesterday.昨天很冷。B:S it was.的确如此。(=Yes,it was.)A:Yu seem t like sprts.B:S I d.(=Yes,I d.)A:It will be fine tmrrw.B:S it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
41.“主语+d/des/did + s”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中d s代替上文中要求做的事,以免重复。
My Chinese teacher tld me t hand in my cmpsitin n time and I did s.(=I handed inmy cmpsitin n time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
42. S it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时,要表示相同情况,必须使用本句型,不能使用s 引起的倒装句。
She desn’t play the pian, but she likes singing. S it is with my sister.
43. There yu are. 行了,好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。
[1] There yu are! Then let's have sme cffee.除此之外,还可以表示“瞧,对吧(果然如此)”的语气。
[2] There yu are! I knew we shuld find it at last.对吧!我就知道我们最终能找到的。
44. have sme difficulty (in) ding sth. 干某事有困难;接名词时,常用句型:have sme difficulty with sth.
[1] D yu have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗?[1] She said she had sme difficulty with prnunciatin.她说她在发音方面有困难。
45. have a gd knwledge f sth. “掌握……”,“对……有某种程度的了解”
[1] He has a gd knwledge f Lndn.他对伦敦有所了解。
[2] A gd knwledge f languages is always useful.
3、长难句
46. Wei Bin tk ut sme peanuts and it was fun t see the mnkey eat frm his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生,很有趣。
[1] fun “好玩,趣事”,不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词aYu’re sure t have sme fun at the party tnight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
[2] make fun f“取笑”,“嘲弄”。Peple make fun f him nly because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的,滑稽的”He lks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
47. It is plite t finish eating everything n yur plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型,其中t finish eating everything 是主语,it是形式主语。
4、常考语法
48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。(一般过去时改成过去完成时)I brke yur CD player.→He tld me he had brken my CD player.
(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said, “I have lst a bk.”→Jenny said she had lst a bk.
(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum said, “I’ll g t see a friend.”→Mum said she wuld g t see a friend.
(过去完成时保留原有的时态)He said, “We hadn’t finished ur hmewrk.”→He said they hadn’t finished their hmewrk.
注意:直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。
[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:Mary said, “My brther is an engineer.”→Mary said her brther was and engineer.
[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如:He said, “Can yu run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he culd run.
[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, rder, beg等) (nt) t d sth.”句型。如:“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him t pass her the water.
[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如:She said, “Let’s g t the cinema.”→She suggested ging t the cinema.或She suggested that they shuld g t the cinema.
49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如:cme, g, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
[1] 用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。
[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如:d)如:g, cme, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving sn. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a nvel. 他在看小说。
[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are yu ding next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么?② The plane takes ff at 7:30 tnight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
50. 主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,alng with, tgether with, like 等,谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.
✨