第13讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 精讲精练2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练

这是一份第13讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 精讲精练2022届准高三高考英语语法暑假专练，主要包含了表能力，表推测，“情态动词，情态动词其他用法要点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。情态动词本身虽有一定的意义，但它必须和动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化（但have t除外），后接动词原形。常用的情态动词有：can,culd,may,might ,must,have t,will shall,shuld, need等。
一 表能力
(1) 一般能力用can或be able t都可, 均有过去时的变化。
(2)was / were able t除表示过去的能力以外还可以表示过去设法做成某一具体动作。
A blind man can nt / is nt able t judge clurs .
He culd / was able t swim like a fish when he was yung .
The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly but everyne was able t survive ..
二 表推测
⑴ may /might语气最弱, 多用于（肯，否）定句
⑵can/ culd 语气肯定，多用于（？/否/！）句中
⑶must表示强烈的肯定,①+动词原形（现在）②+ have dne(过去)③+be ding(正在)
只用于肯定句
Sme peple wh dn’t like t talk much are nt necessarily shy；they may just be quiet peple.
—I dn’t really like James. Why did yu invite him?
— Dn’t wrry. He might nt cme. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
Lk, smene is cming . Wh can it be ?
Yu can’t be hungry already — yu had lunch nly tw hurs ag.
— Hi, Tm. Any idea where Jane is?
—She must be in the classrm. I saw her there just nw.
Yu must be hungry nw after a lng jurney .
Yu must have been hungry because yu ate much then .
He must be waiting fr us nw .Hurry up .
. ▲It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March, but it can be rather cld smetimes.
▲ Peter can be really difficult at times even thugh he’s a nice persn in general.
三 表请求，允许，建议
第一人称：Shall/ May /Might/ Can/ Culd I/ We…?
第二人称：Wuld/ Will yu…?
第三人称：Shall he/ she/they…?
— May I brrw yur dictinary?
— Yes, f curse yu can.(请求尽量委婉，回答尽量肯定)
— The rm is s dirty. Shall we clean it?
— Of curse.
— Shall he cme t see yu ?
— Of curse, please. And I’d rather he tld me the truth.
— Wuld yu d me a favr?
— Of curse I will .
四 “情态动词 + have dne”的用法:
(1) 表推测
must have dne 过去一定…… (无否定形式)
can’t /culdn’t have dne 过去不可能…
may/might have dne 过去可能……
(2) 表虚拟
culd have dne 过去本能, 而实际上未做
shuld/ught t have dne 过去本该, 而实际上未做
shuldn’t/ught nt t have dne 过去本不该, 而实际上做了
needn’t have dne 过去本不必, 其实已做
shuld/wuld like/ lve t have dne 过去本想做却没做
wuld rather have dne 宁愿已做某事却没做
Jack described his father, wh must have been a brave by many years ag, as a strng–willed man .
I culdn’t/can’t have gne thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
—I left my handbag n the train, but luckily smene gave it t the railway fficials.
—Hw unbelievable t get it back! I mean, smene might/may have stlen it.
He did nt regret saying what he did but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
They shuld have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
The weather turned ut t be fine yesterday. I needn’t have taken the truble t carry my umbrella with me.
I wuld like t have cleaned the rm , but I was asked t water trees .
五 情态动词其他用法要点:
1. Shuld
(1) 表特殊语气: 竟然，竟会
Yu can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman shuld be s rude t a lady.
(2) 用于条件句: 表可能性，万一，如果
This printer is f gd quality. If it shuld break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
(3) 表推测:（按理讲）应该
The phts shuld be ready by tmrrw mrning.
2. Must
(1) 表示“偏要，硬要做某事”。如：
. If yu must g, at least wait until the strm is ver.
(2) 其否定式 mustn’t, 表示“禁止”；
must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是needn’t，表示“不必”，如：
—Must I wrk ut the prblem? —N, yu needn’t.
—May I use yur car? —N, yu mustn’t.
(委婉的拒绝可用：Srry, but I am using it nw. 或 Yu’d better nt.)
Tm , yu mustn’t leave all yur clthes n the flr like this !
(3) 表示不得不做：must（主观上）,have t（客观上）
Sme aspects f a pilt’s jb can be bring, and pilts ften have t wrk at incnvenient hurs.
—Shall I infrm him f the change f the schedule right nw?
—I am afraid yu must , in case he cmes late fr the meeting.
3. 当shall用于一、三人称的疑问句表示请求；用于二、三称时表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时，也要用shall. 如：
Yu shall have a nice present fr yur birthday.（允诺）
—Will yu read me a stry ,Mummy?
--OK. Yu shall have ne if yu g t bed as sn as pssible.
Children shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been cllected. （命令）
— What des the sign ver there read?
—“ N persn shall smke r carry a lighted cigarette, cigar r pipe in this area.” (规定)
4. can nt but + d sth. 表示“不得不，只好”
I can nt but chse t g. 我只好去。
5. may well 和may /might (just)as well结构
“may well+动词原形”是一种常见结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于 t be very likely t;
Lisa may well nt want t g n the trip — she hates traveling.
“may/might as well +动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better.
Yu may as well d it at nce.
6. cannt (或never等否定词)与enugh或 t 连用表示“再…也不为过”.
Yu cannt be careful enugh in ding experiments.
7. may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：
May yu return in safety. Wish yu gd luck .
8. dare & need 既可以用作情态动词也可用作实义动词。其中做情态动词不用于肯定句，做实义动词不受限制。
① He dared nt g ut alne in the past.
② —Dare he crss the river? —N, he daren’t.
③ He desn’t dare t crss the river.
④ Yu needn’t see him, but I must.
⑤ Need yu see him?
⑥ Yu dn’t need t see him.
⑦ —D yu need t see him? —Yes, I d.
I needn’t wrry abut my weekend—I always have my plans ready befre it cmes.
9. wuld 做情态动词还可以表示过去的习惯、习性、倾向等。
When I was a child, I wuld ften g skiing.
考点二 虚拟语气
虚拟语气
I. if虚拟条件句
一. 基本用法：
和过去事实相反：从句had dne 主句wuld/culd/shuld/might have dne
和现在事实相反：从句did / were 主句wuld/culd/shuld/might d
和将来事实相反：从句shuld d
were t d 主句wuld/culd/shuld/might d
did / were
If he had nt hurt his leg, Jhn wuld have wn the race.
If I were yu, I wuld pay mre attentin t English idims and phrases.
If I had/shuld/have/were t have time, I wuld g with yu tmrrw .
注意：
I wuld have cme sner but I didn’t knw that they were waiting fr me.
—Pity yu missed the lecture n nuclear pllutin.
—I wuld have attended it, but I was busy preparing fr a jb interview.
二. 含蓄虚拟条件句：常用withut, with, but fr等介词短语来取代if条件句。
Withut yur help, ur team wuldn’t have wn the last match.
We wuld have put Jhn’s name n the race list yesterday but fr his recent injury.
三. 若虚拟条件句中含有助动词 were, had, shuld 时，可省略 if, 将 were, had, shuld 移到句首。
Were he t leave tday, he wuld get there by Friday.
Had I knwn her name, I wuld have invited her t lunch.
Were every student aware f the imprtance f study, they wuld study efficiently.
四. 混合虚拟条件句：在这种条件句中，主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此， 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
Maybe if I had studied science, and nt literature then, I wuld be able t give yu mre help.
If he had listened t the teacher attentively, he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw.
II. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一. 表示命令、建议、要求的动词rder, cmmand, advise, suggest, demand, require, desire, request, recmmend, insist其后跟宾语从句时，从句用 (shuld)+d的虚拟语气，同时跟以上动词有关的名词性从句也都使用该虚拟形式。
[注意] 当insist表示坚持认为时，不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气；
当suggest表示暗示、表明时，不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。
I recmmended that the student finish writing his cmpsitin as sn as pssible.
The law requires that everyne have his car checked at least nce a year.
▲I suggested the persn referred t be put int prisn.
▲ Her pale face suggested that he was ill .
The teacher agreed t the suggestin that the students be given tw weeks t prepare fr the exam.
▲The librarian insists that Jhn take n mre bks frm the library befre he returns all the bks he had brrwed.
▲He insisted that he had seen me befre.
二. It’s /was necessary /strange/ natural/ imprtant + that + sb. (shuld) d;
It is imprtant that we ( shuld ) master a freign language.
It’s necessary that we (shuld) study hard.
三. It is / was a pity / a shame / an hnr / a surprise + that + sb. (shuld) d.
It’s a shame that yu cheat in the exam .
III. 几个特殊句型中的虚拟语气
一. wish后跟宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。
与过去事实相反: wish + (that) + had dne
与现在事实相反: wish + (that) + did(were)
与将来事实相反: wish + (that) + wuld/culd/might + d
I left very early last night, but I wish I hadn’t left s early.
I wish that yu hadn’t had such a bad headache, therwise yu wuld have enjyed the cncert.
----Where are the children? The dinner’s ging t be cmpletely ruined.
---- I wish they weren’t always late.
二. wuld rather后跟从句的虚拟语气有两种形式：
对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；
对现在或将来的虚拟用一般过去时；
I’d rather yu left right away.
I’d rather yu hadn’t tld me the news.
三. It is (high/abut) time that ….句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，或shuld +动词原形，其中shuld不能省略
It is high time yu went/shuld g t schl.
四. as if后跟从句的虚拟语气有三种形式
对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；
对现在的虚拟，从句动词用过去时；
对将来的虚拟用culd/might/may+动词原形
注意：as if 后面的从句也可以用陈述语气，要根据实际情况判断
It seems as if it is ging t rain.
He has just arrived, but he talks as if he knew all abut that.
The tw strangers talked as if they had been friends fr years.
五. 在if nly引导的感叹句中，(若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...)
与过去事实相反: if nly + (that) + had dne
与现在事实相反: if nly + (that) + did(were)
与将来事实相反: if nly + (that) + wuld/culd/might + d
If nly I were ten years yunger .
Lk at the truble nw! If nly I had listened t yur advice!
真题感悟
一、单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津高考)Jim says we ________ stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy.
答案：can 句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他家，只要我们保持它干净整洁。根据后面的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，我们可以待在他家。
2．(2020·江苏高考)If I hadn't been faced with s many barriers, I ________ (nt be) where I am.
答案：wuldn't be 句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据设空后的where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用wuld/culd/might/shuld＋d。
3．(2019·天津高考)The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they ________ (accmplish) the task in half the time.
答案：wuld have accmplished 此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用wuld have dne sth 表示“本来能够做某事”。
4．(2019·江苏高考)What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we ________ (have) a gd time tgether.
答案：wuld have had 句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据What a pity! Yu missed ... 以及r(否则)可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wuld have dne结构。
5．(2018·北京高考)In tday's infrmatin age, the lss f data ________ cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
答案：can 句意：在当今信息时代，数据丢失有时会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can表示“有时会”。
6．(2018·北京高考)They might have fund a better htel if they ________ (drive) a few mre kilmeters.
答案：had driven 句意：如果他们再开几公里的话，他们就会发现一个更好的旅馆了。主句中might have fund是对过去的推测，从句中应使用过去完成时，故填had driven。
7．(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
答案：culd/might have left 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句子中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用“情态动词＋have dne”的结构。再根据后面的“but I'm nt sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推测，故用culd/might have left。
8．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
答案：had caught 句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用had dne。
9．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he ________ have taken the bks withut the wner's permissin.
答案：shuld 句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It is imprtant/necessary/strange/impssible/natural that ...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句中用“shuld＋动词原形”。
10．(2018·江苏高考)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
答案：had 句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望还有第二次机会去更多地参与其中。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。
11．(2020·天津高考)—________ I rder a taxi fr Sarah t g t the airprt tnight?
—Dn't bther. I'll drive her there.
答案：Shall shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见。
12．(2019·江苏高考)At sme time in the past Yellwstne must ________ (blw) up with a vilence far beynd the scale f anything knwn t humans.
答案：have blwn 句意：在过去的某个时候，黄石公园一定发生过一场威力很大的爆炸，远远超过了人类已知的任何等级。must have dne是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故填have blwn。
13．(2019·江苏高考)Jni thught that ________ (will) be the end.
答案：wuld 根据主句中的thught可知，从句中will应用wuld。
14．(2019·天津高考)I culd nly ________ (leave) it n the G9 bus, which was nw speeding in the dark t sme unknwn statin.
答案：have left 句意：我只能是把它留在G9公共汽车上了，那辆车现在正在黑暗中驶向一个未知的车站。这里culd have dne表示对过去发生事情的推测。
15．(2019·江苏高考)A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) ________ (can) win an argument with a mdern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag dll.
答案：can't 根据后半句“but it can tear the man apart like a rag dll.”可推知，本句句意应为：黑猩猩无法在与现代人的争论中获胜，但却能把人像布娃娃一样撕成碎片。故填can't。
16．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd ________ (d) better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate (有同情心) respnse?
答案：have dne 句意：与其纠结于过去本应该怎样做会更好，为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢？culd have dne “本来能够做而实际没有做”。
二、单句改错
17．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)All custmers travelling n TransLink services may be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding.
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答案：may→must 句意：所有使用TransLink服务的客户在登机前必须持有有效机票。此处意为必须，故用must。
18．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Might yu tell me what time Flight AF35 gets in?
________________________________________________________________
答案：Might→Culd 此处应用culd表示委婉、客气的语气。
19．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Sme parents culd buy any high­tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math­related skills.
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答案：culd→will 此处用will表示意愿、决心。
20．(2019·天津高考)A list f references must include.
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答案：include→be included 句意：参考书目必须附上。谓语动词include和主语为被动关系，又位于情态动词must之后，故需要用情态动词的被动语态must be included。
Therefre, he suggested the by give up the majr and learnt drawing.
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答案：learnt→learn suggest表建议时，后面的宾语从句谓语动词需要用“shuld＋动词原形”，或者省略shuld直接用动词原形，故将learnt改为learn。
22．The building, frm whse tp visitrs must enjy a gd view f Sanya, attracts hundreds f turists every day.
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答案：must→can 句意：这座建筑每天吸引着数百名游客，游客可以从它的顶层俯瞰三亚的美景。此处用can表示“可以”。
23．I wuld appreciate it very much if yu must write back and give me yur wn pinin.
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答案：must→culd 句意：如果你能回信告诉我你的意见，我将不胜感激。根据句意和wuld可知此处应用culd。