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英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Launching Your Care图文ppt课件
展开Perid Three Grammar—Review f lng sentences
达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练
语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析
感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题
1.This,hwever,is nt always try a few tests nline and start thinking abut yur future career right nw! 3.This is because yur career is a very imprtant part f wh yu tp three scres are used t make a cde that indicates the participant’s verall wrk best time t start thinking abut pssible careers is while yu are still at schl,befre yu make any chices abut yur further educatin.
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
6.The career yu have defines yur life,and s taking time t think abut it is an essential exercise fr yung peple.
1.以上句子中,句1为 。2.句2为由and连接的 。3.句3、句4和句5为 ;在句3中,because引导的是 从句,wh引导的是 从句,都是名词性从句;在句4中,that引导的是 从句,修饰先行词cde;句5中while引导的是表语从句,而befre引导的是 从句。4.句6为并列复合句,and连接的是并列句,而yu have是 从句,修饰先行词the career,引导词为关系代词,在从句中作宾语,被省略。
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。一、简单句(Simple Sentences)简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。例如:He ften reads English in the mrning.他经常在早上读英语。Tm and Mike are American bys.汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。(加黑部分为并列主语,只有一个谓语,仍为简单句)She likes drawing and ften draws pictures fr the wall newspapers.她喜欢画画,经常为墙报画画。(加黑部分为并列谓语,只有一个主语,仍为简单句)
二、并列句(Cmpund Sentences)(一)并列句的构成包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如: The fd was gd,but he had little appetite.食物很好,但他却没什么胃口。One f the clck’s hands is shrt; the ther tw are lng.钟的一根指针短,另两根指针长。
(二)并列句的分类1.并列关系and,nt als,,,。Neither Tm nr Jack has finished the hmewrk.汤姆和杰克都没有完成家庭作业。 Nt culdn’t they cmplete the task,but the task was t tugh.不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太难了。2.转折关系but,yet,whereas,nevertheless(但是;然而)。Jhn likes playing basketball,but he didn’t play it yesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。Jane said that she was ill,yet/but/whereas I saw her in the street just nw.简说她病了,但我刚才还在街上看见她了。
3.选择关系r,therwise ,r else,。We must hurry,r we’ll miss the train.我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。Either yu cme t my place r I g t yurs.或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那儿去。4.因果关系fr,s。We had better stay at hme,fr it was raining.我们最好待在家里,因为天正在下雨。He didn’t wrk hard,s he failed in the examinatin.他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。
5.对比关系 while。I d every single bit f husewrk while my husband Tm just washes dishes nw and then.我做所有的家务,而我的丈夫汤姆只是偶尔洗洗盘子。6.祈使句+and/r +简单句,祈使句表示一个条件,and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果,r引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果,简单句使用一般将来时态。Read this stry,and yu will realize that nt everything can be bught with mney.阅读这个故事,你会意识到并不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到。Take the flwers int a warm rm,r they will die quickly.把这些花拿到暖和的房间里去,否则它们会很快死去。
三、复合句(Cmplex Sentences)(一)主从复合句的结构由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从属连词,它在主语与从句之间起连接作用。例如: The film had begun when we gt t the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(二)主从复合句的分类根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用,主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1.名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词: that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what,whatever,wh,whever,whm,whse,which,whichever连接副词:when,where,hw,why,whenever,whereverJhn said that he was leaving fr Lndn n Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。It is quite clear that the whle prject is dmed t failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 It remains unknwn when they are ging t get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。They are investigating the questin whether he is trustwrthy.他们正在调查他是否值得信赖。
2.定语从句 (1)定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:wh,whm,whse,that,which,as等。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系副词有:when,where,why等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语。
Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu? 他就是想见你的人吗?(wh/that在从句中作主语) They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn.那人车坏了,他们都跑过去帮忙。(whse在此用来指人,在从句中作car的定语)A prsperity which/that had never been seen befre appears in the cuntryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)I’ll never frget the days when I wrked tgether with yu.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。(when在从句中作状语,可替换成介词in+which)
As we knw,smking is harmful t ne’s health.正如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。(as引导非限制性定语从句,可位于主句前面)(2)判断关系代词与关系副词方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要用关系代词;而不及物动词则要用关系副词。方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例如: This is the muntain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。(stay是不及物动词/先行词作状语) This is the muntain village which/that I visited last year.这是我去年拜访过的山村。(visit是及物动词/先行词作宾语)
3.状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引导。按意义可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。I didn’t manage t d it until yu had explained hw.直到你教我后,我才会做。(时间状语从句)Since/As the weather is s bad,we have t delay ur jurney.由于天气那么糟,我们不得不推迟我们的旅程。(原因状语从句)Yu must speak luder s that/in rder that yu can be heard by all.你必须大点声,这样别人就都能听见了。(目的状语从句)
He is such a yung by that he can’t g t schl.这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。(结果状语从句)As lng as we dn’t lse heart,we’ll turn ur dreams int realities.只要我们不灰心,我们就会把梦想变成现实。(条件状语从句)Althugh it’s raining,they are still wrking in the fields.虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。(让步状语从句)
四、并列复合句并列复合句指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里,英语叫Cmpund-Cmplex Sentences。或者说,一个句子里包含着多种关系:既有并列关系,又有复合关系。例如:I admire Tim,but he desn’t admire me,althugh I try hard t impress him.我钦佩蒂姆,但他并不钦佩我,尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。前1、2分句是并列关系,而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。Even if yu fail,at least yu try,and yu are a better persn fr it.即使你失败了,至少你努力了,而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。前1、2分句是主从复合关系,而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。
Ⅰ.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.Bth Tm and Jack enjy cuntry music.______2.There is a chair in this rm,isn’t there? ______3.The by wh ffered me his seat is called Tm. __________________4.He was fnd f drawing when he was yet a child. __________________5.Neither has he changed his mind,nr will he d s.______6.What he said at the meeting is very imprtant,isn’t it? __________________
7.It is the time f year fr the rice harvest,s every day I wrk frm dawn until dark. ______8.Having never perated a cmputer,Mr Jhnsn met with a lt f difficulties at first. ______9.We grw rice in the suth f the States,but in the nrth where it is clder they grw wheat. __________10.My brther and I g t schl at half past seven in the mrning and cme back hme at seven in the evening. ______
Ⅱ.语法填空 Recently,I failed an exam.Hwever,11. I came ut f my teacher’s ffice,I tld myself,“Smile,it’s nt s serius.”
语篇解读 本文作者通过自己的生活经历告诉大家,要笑对人生。解析 考查时间状语从句。此处表示“当我从老师的办公室走出来的时候”,空白处应该用when或者as引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”。
I had a big smile 12. it wrked,really.
解析 考查并列连词。空处前后为顺承关系,后面句子不缺任何成分,因此此处填并列连词and。
Everyne gets frustrated smetimes.I used t be always influenced by pressure and I was ften in lw spirits.13. ne day I came acrss the sentences,“ Dn’t be anxius abut tmrrw,14. tmrrw will be anxius fr itself.Let the day’s wn truble be sufficient fr the day.” They suddenly struck me.“ Wrrying abut a prblem desn’t help.Why nt give a big smile and face up t the truble?”
解析 考查并列连词。空处前后为转折关系,故填连词But。解析 考查原因状语从句。空处前后是因果关系,空后表示原因,故可填并列连词fr,也可以填because/as/since引导原因状语从句。
fr/because/as/since
Nw,15. I want t cry,I remind myself that laughter is better than tears 16. anger.I’m cnvinced 17. there’s smething magical abut a smile.A smile helps me recver cnfidence and gives me the curage t mve n.
when/whenever
解析 考查时间状语从句。根据语境,这里表示 “当”或者 “每当”,故填when/whenever。解析 考查并列连词。tears与anger为并列关系,故填and。解析 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中不作成分,故应用连接词that引导宾语从句。
Remember,whenever yu are faced with a setback,18. treated unfairly,all 19. it takes is determinatin and yu can feel happy again.Smile at life 20. it will shine n yu.
解析 考查并列连词。根据语境,空处前后是选择关系,故填并列连词r表示或者。解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为不定代词all,故填that。解析 考查并列连词。空处前后表示顺承关系,因此这里填并列连词and,构成“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句型。
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