外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案设计

高中英语（外研版）必修三

UNIT-3 The World of Science

Period-1  Starting out and understanding ideas

导学案

1. 本课生词、词组
2. 本课语法——现在完成时复习

         基本结构：have/has done

用法1：表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。

 例：He has already finished his task. 他已经完成他的任务了。

用法2：表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”等连用。

例：My uncle has lived in Tokyo since last year. 我叔叔自从去年住在东京。

         常考点：

(1)瞬间动词和延续性动词

瞬间动词（瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词），如leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等，可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”等表示时间段的状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。

常见的瞬间动词(词组)有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at/in, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。

         部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)的转换:

买buy→have           借borrow→keep      结婚get married→be married

穿put on→have on/wear     来/去come/go→be in/away     参加join→be a member of

认识get to know→know      离开leave→be away      回来come back→be back

生病fall ill→be ill      死亡die→be dead      关闭turn off→be off

打开turn on→be on      动身leave for→be off to      变成become→be

返回return→be back          睡觉go to bed→sleep      入睡go to sleep→be asleep

感冒take/get/catch a cold→have a cold      到达get to/arrive in(at)/reach→be in

看下面例子：

(✕)He has come to Beijing since last year.  (√)He has lived in Beijing since last year.

(✕)He has joined the army for 3 years.   (√)He has served in the army for 3 years.

(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.   (√)He has been a soldier for 3 years.

(√)It is 3 years since he joined the army.  (√)He has joined the army.

句中出现表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。这些时间状语为：in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history

(2)现在完成时的常用固定句型

句型一：This/That/It is + the first(second/third/last…) time that S. +have/has done sth. (这是某人第几次做……)，从句要用现在完成时。

例：This is the first time I have played tennis. 这是我第一次打网球。

句型二：This/That/It is the + 形容词最高级+ n. +that S. + have/has done sth. (这是最……的一件事)，从句要用现在完成时。

例：This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

句型三：It is/has been +一段时间+ since…(自……以来，已经有多长时间了。)，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。

例：He has been sick in bed since last Friday. 他从上星期五起就卧病在床。

例1：(2014•全国)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________(see) them since.

例2：下面句中有一处错误，指出并改正

(2018•河南郑州三模)In the past two years, our school had organized many activities.

1. 根据要求写出对应汉语意思和词性

(1)press __________________

(2)shoot __________________

(3)gunpowder __________________

(4)compass __________________

(5)virtual __________________

(6)flexible __________________

(7)battery __________________

(8)compute __________________

(9)capable __________________

(10)stuff __________________

(11)desire __________________

(12)virtual reality __________________

(13)wearable tech __________________

(14)in addition __________________

(15)never say never __________________

1. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.

[句式分析] 本句语法点为“现在完成时的被动语态”，结构是________________. 表示过去发生的事对现在产生的影响，且本句主语是important advance，与谓语make之间是被动关系，需要用被动语态。

[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________。

2. But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and there’s the real spirit of invention.

[句式分析] 本句由两个从句引导，即_________和_________。What remains important是______从句，作整个句子的主语，译为“（一直都是）重要的是”。...is that...引导了______从句，其中引导词that不可以省略。

[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________。

答案：

小试牛刀：1. has seen    2. had改成has

合作探究：1. has/have+been+done;此外，由于计算机功能增强，医学和环境科学领域也取得了重大进步。

2. 主语从句；表语从句；主语；表语；但重要的是，我们要一直对思考和创造有着非一般的的追求，这才是发明创造的真正精神。