高中Unit 4 Pygmalion综合训练题

这是一份高中Unit 4 Pygmalion综合训练题，共21页。试卷主要包含了重点词汇，重点短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高二英语同步精品
选修8　
Unit 4 Pygmalion
一、重点词汇
考点1．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
【教材原句】A gentleman (G)passes and hesitates for a moment.
这时一位先生从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。
【例句研读】
①She is still ___ ____sending her son to college.
对于要不要送儿子上大学一事她仍然犹豫不决。
②We seldom hesitate about where to stay in Paris.
去巴黎住在哪儿，我们很少有_________。
③I had no hesitation in telling the truth.
我______说出实情。

【归纳拓展】
hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事
hesitate about/over/at...(doing) sth.对……感到犹豫
hesitation n．犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
【即时巩固】
①He jumped into the river to save the drowning boy without ________ (hesitate)．
②In case you need something, please __________________________ ask me.
如果你需要什么东西， 请毫不迟疑地对我说。
【答案】①hesitation ②don't hesitate to
考点2．remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起
【教材原句】You can place a man by just a few remarks.
你可以根据几句话就判定一个人来自何地。
【例句研读】
(1) I decided to ignore his rude______.
我决定不去理会他粗鲁的话。
(2)He remarked that she seemed a very nice girl.
他_____她像是个好女孩。
【答案】（1）remarks（2）评论说
【归纳拓展】
make a remark on/upon...对……作出评论/发表看法
remark that...评论说……
remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的

【即时巩固】
①He made a remark ________ this experiment.
②His achievement in literature is ________ (remark)．

考点3．condemn vt. 判刑，宣判；指责；谴责；使……注定
【教材原句】Look at this girl with her terrible English. The English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.
你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕：那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。
【例句研读】
①We all _____cruelty to children.
我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为。
②The papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake.
报纸及时地____他的错误。
【答案】①condemn　②谴责
【归纳拓展】
condemn sb. to do sth.宣告某人要受的惩罚
condemn sb. for sth.因……谴责某人
condemn sb./sth. as指责……是……
condemn sb. to (do) sth.迫使……接受困境
be condemned/sentenced to death被判处死刑


【即时巩固】
①He condemned the girl ________ her rudeness.
②He was found guilty and____ ___ ____.
他被判有罪，处以死刑。
【答案】①for　②condemned to death
考点4．acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
【教材原句】And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
我也正是到英国来找你的！
【例句研读】
① We are the casual ______of a long railway journey.
我们是在乘火车的长途旅行中偶然结识的。
②He has some acquaintance ________ German，but doesn't speak it fluently.
他略懂一点儿德语，但说得不流利。

【归纳拓展】
make one's acquaintance＝make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人；与某人相见
on first acquaintance初次相见时
have an/some/little acquaintance with sth.对……有……了解
have an/some acquaintance with sb.与……认识；有交情
【温馨提示】
acquaintance用作不可数名词时，表示“了解，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表示某种程度的熟悉和了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表示 “熟悉的人”。如：—Is he a friend of yours?
—No, just an acquaintance.
“他是你朋友吗？”
“不是， 认识而已。”
【即时巩固】
1). The musician had little acquaintance ________ modern science.
2). I am delighted to ________ your acquaintance.
3). She has many ________ in the business community.
4). I have some acquaintance ________ Spanish.
5). I need to ________ myself with the new regulations.
【答案】 1). with 2). make 3). acquaintances 4). with 5). acquaint
考点5．fortune 成功；好运；运气； 未来的命运；运道；前途；财富；大笔的钱
【教材原句】These two brothers decided to go to big cities to try their fortune.
这兄弟俩决定去大城市碰碰运气。
【例句研读】
①Her advice is_____. You'd better follow it.
她的建议是适用的，你最好听从。
②There are two obvious practical applications of the research.
这项研究有两个明显的____用途。
【答案】①practical ②实际阿
【归纳拓展】
make a fortune发财
seek one's fortune外出找出路
try one's fortune碰运气
fortunate adj.幸运的
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.幸运地做某事
fortunately adv.幸运地

特别提示
其反义词为impractical；名词形式为practice；动词为practise/practice，
其后若跟动词用ing形式。
【即时巩固】1.根据句子的要求翻译。
1). He _______ _______ _______ (发了财) by selling houses.
2). She _______ _______ _______ (寻求她的财富) in another country.
3). _________ (不幸的是), the fire spread quidkly after it had started.
2.单句语法填空
①Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making ________ fortune without hard work.
②________ (fortunate), he was saved by the soldier.

考点6．mistaken adj. 错误的；不正确的
【教材原句】There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken. 如果我没错的话， 你呀，你出生于森格罗佛。

【例句研读】
①He may have been ____about what he saw.
他可能看错了。
②she wondered whether she'd been mistaken about his intentions.
她怀疑是否_____了他的意图。.
【答案】①mistaken ②误解 　
【归纳拓展】
be mistaken about...误解；对……持有错误的见解
be mistaken in doing sth.做某事是错误的
mistake...for 把……错当成
by mistake 错误地；弄错
make a mistake 犯错误

【即时巩固】
①He was ________ (mistake) by his friend.
②She took away my umbrella ________ mistake.

考点7．classify vt. 编排；分类；归类
【教材原句】Simply phonetics studied and classified from people’s own speech. 对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。
【例句研读】
（1）These cows are now _____as a kind of rare animals.
这些奶牛现在被归为一种稀有动物。
 （2）Questions can help children learn to compare and classify things.
问题可以帮助儿童学习比较和____事物。
【答案】（1）classified（2）分类
【归纳拓展】
classify sth. by/according to根据……分类
classify...into把……分类为
class sb./sth.as...把某人/物归入……；分等级

【即时巩固】
①Mails in the post office ________________ according to places they are to go to.
邮局里的信件通常按寄送地点分类。
②It is required that the books in the library _________________(classify )by subject.
按要求，图书馆里的图书要根据科目分类。
③People who work in libraries spend a lot of time __________(classify) books.
【答案】①are often classified ②(should)be classified ③classifying
考点8．compromise n．& vi. 妥协；折衷
【教材原句】compromise 妥协
【例句研读】
①Be ready and willing to make _______between your needs and those of your partner.
时刻准备好并乐意在自己与伴侣的需求之间做出让步。
②Never ____________________with anybody on anything. He is always stubborn.
他从不在任何事情上与人妥协。他总是很固执。
【答案】①compromises　②does he compromise

【归纳拓展】
make a compromise with与……妥协
compromise with sb. on...与某人就……妥协
by compromise通过妥协
reach a compromise达成议协

【即时巩固】
①I've had the hardest time trying to reach a compromise ________ my parents over this issue.
②The negotiations had broken down at length with both sides refusing ________________．
谈判因为双方拒绝让步而最终破裂了。
③The dispute was settled___ ____.
那项争端以折衷方式解决。

考点9．dismiss vt. 开除；让……离开
【教材原句】Dismissing her fears, she climbed higher.
消除了恐惧，她爬得更高了。
【例句研读】
①Three workers___ ____ for being lazy.
三个工人因懒惰而被解雇。
②He dismissed me from the club.
他把我______俱乐部。
【答案】①were dismissed②开除出
【归纳拓展】
dismiss sb.(from sth.)开除；解雇；让某人离开；消除
dismiss在表示“开除；解雇”时的同义词为send away；反义词为take on或employ“雇佣”。
【即时巩固】
(1) He was dismissed ________ his position.
(2) She tried ___ ____the idea from her mind.
她试图消除这种想法。
【答案】(1)from (2) to dismiss
10．betray vt. 泄露(秘密)，出卖，背叛
【教材原句】But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但是他们每次张嘴的时候都泄露了他们自己。
【例句研读】
①In failing to return the money he ___our trust.
他未能归还那笔钱而辜负了我们的信任。
②His voice betrayed the worry he was trying to hide.
他的声音______内心的担扰。

【归纳拓展】
betray a secret to sb.向某人泄露秘密
betray one's trust辜负某人的信任
betray oneself暴露本来面目，原形毕露

【温馨提示】
betray常与介词to连用，表示“将……出卖(泄露)给……”。betray后有时接介词into，动词宾语为人，介词宾语为事物，且常用于被动结构。如：
He betrayed the news to all his friends.
他向所有的朋友透露了这则消息。
He was once betrayed into error.
他曾受蒙骗而犯过错误。
【即时巩固】
①She betrayed the secret ________ her friends.
②It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow__________________ his friends.
这么诚实的人竟然出卖朋友，真令人难以置信。
【答案】(1)to(2) should have betrayed

11．superior adj. 优秀的；优等的；较高的 n. 上级；长官

【教材原句】Higgins thought that a superior social position was more dependent on grammar and pronunciation …..希金森认为一个更高的社会职位更加依靠于语法和发音…。
【例句研读】
①I'll report you to your ____officer!
我要把你的情况报告给你的上司。
②Of the two books，I think this one is superior____ that.
就这两本书而言，我认为这本比那本好。
【答案】（1）superior（2）to
【归纳拓展】
be superior to...比……优越；更好；更强
be inferior to 比……差(不如)
be senior to...比……年长(资深)
be junior to 比……年轻(资浅)


【即时巩固】
He is superior ________ me in Literature.
②We should obey our ____ ____. 我们应该服从上级领导。
③You're a very____ young woman.
你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
④_________________________.
这本书比那本书好。

考点12．rob vt. 抢劫
【教材原句】He robbed the girl of her handbag.他抢劫了女孩的手提包。
【例句研读】
①He tried, with three others, ___ ___a bank.他试图伙同另外三人抢劫银行。
②she was robbed___ her handbag.
她的手提包被抢走了。
【答案】①to rob　②of
【归纳拓展】
rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物
(比较：steal sth.from...从……偷某物)
robber n. 盗贼，强盗
robbery n. 抢劫

【即时巩固】
①She was robbed ________ her peals and jewels on half way home..
②He was involved in the ________ (rob)．
【答案】.①of ②robbery
考点13．overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
【教材原句】But you cannot overlook that. 但是你不能忽略那一点。
【例句研读】
①It's easy ______ the pleasure we get from our family
②he seems to have overlooked one important fact.
他似乎_____一个重要的事实。

【归纳拓展】
glare (at) 怒目而视
stare(at) 凝视；盯
glimpse 瞥一眼
observe 观察
witness 见证

【即时巩固】
①The restaurant's atmosphere is good and the food is delicious. So it is a place that should not ________(overlook)．
②It's impolite to stare ________ the foreigners.
【答案】.①overlooked ②at
二、重点短语
考点1．pass sb/sth off as…　把某人/物改变或冒充成……
【教材原句】…, that girl could pass herself off in three moths as s duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.
那个女孩可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。
【例句研读】
①He escaped by ___ ____ _____as a guard.
他伪装成看守人而得以脱逃。
②She passed herself ___as an experienced actress.
她冒充有经验的演员。
【答案】①passing himself off（2）off
【归纳拓展】
pass off 逐渐消失；(进展)顺利
pass ______ 去世(die的委婉说法)
pass by 通过，经过；忽视
pass out 昏过去；失去知觉
pass on 传递，传授
pass through 通过；穿过


【即时巩固
用pass短语中适当的介词或副词填空。
①He would pass ________ if he took one more drink.
②I was sorry to learn that his mother had passed ________．
③She passed ________ a difficult period after her marriage failed.
④They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them ________ valuable antiques.

考点2．in terms of...就……来说；从……角度
【教材原句】Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar, spelling, etc., so that she can use them properly.
从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。
【例句研读】
①It was a bad year for films,___ ___ ___ both quantity and quality.
今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。
②It is difficult to find a satisfying job today. This job is great in terms of salary, but it has some disadvantages. 现在找到一份满意的工作不容易，_______，这份工作很好，但是也有一些缺点。
【答案】①in terms of②就薪水来说　
【归纳拓展】
come to terms with达成协议；和好；接受；适应
be on good/bad terms with与……关系良好/不好
in the long/short term就长远/短期而言

【即时巩固】
①________ terms of health, keeping a balanced diet is necessary.
②He is ________ good terms with his children.
【答案】①in ②on
考点3．show...in带或领……进来
【教材原句】“Show her in, Mrs. Pearce.” he said.
他说：“皮尔斯夫人，领她进来。”
【例句研读】
①He showed me in the office.他领我进的这个办公室。
②Don’t show him in.不要____ 进来。

【归纳拓展】
show sb. out领某人出去
show sb. around/round领某人参观某地
show off炫耀；展示
show up出现；来到某处
on show在展览

【即时巩固】
①A few hundred people showed ________， as well as some television cameramen and reporters.
②He's fond of showing ________ his new car.
【答案】①up②off
考点4．generally speaking 一般来说
【教材原句】Generally speaking, people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class.一般说来，人们对他们认为比他们社会阶层高的人们更有礼貌。
【例句研读】
① ___ ____, those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.
一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。
②Generally speaking, the parks are full on holidays.
_____ ，假日里公园都挤满人。
【答案】①Generally speaking ②一般来说
【归纳拓展】
honestly speaking诚实地说
strictly speaking严格地说
broadly speaking广义地说
personally speaking就我个人而言
in general总的来说，大体上
as a general rule一般而言；在通常情况下

【即时巩固】
①________ (general) speaking, the weather here in spring is warm.
② ________ general, the Chinese in the north like eating dumplings.

【教材原句】…fades out as they go off stage together.两人一起朝台下走去，声音逐渐模糊。
【例句研读】
(1) The picture ___ ____over the time.
这张照片随着时光逐渐模糊。
(2) Daylight fades when the sun sets.
太阳西沉, 天色______。
【答案】(1) faded out (2) 逐渐暗淡
【归纳拓展】
fade away 消失；逐渐减弱；褪色
fade in 淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强
fade up 渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)

【即时巩固】
The stars faded ________ from the sky as dawn came.
②This custom___ ___ ___ ___. 这个习俗正在逐渐消失。
【答案】①away　②is slowly fading out
考点6．take for 误以为
【教材原句】What do you take me for?你把我当什么了？
【例句研读】
(1) We took her____ her younger sister.
我们把她当成了她妹妹。
(2) They took him for a foreigner.
他们______他是一个外国人。
【答案】(1) for (2) 误以为
【归纳拓展】
take sb.for...把某人看作……，把某人误认为是……
(＝mistake...for...把……误认成……)
take...for granted 想当然地认为……
take after...(面貌、言行等)像……

【即时巩固】
① He took it ________ granted that he will succeed.
②She___ ___ ___ ____ granted．她把我的帮助当成是理所当然的。
考点7. in need of 需要
【教材原句】She's in need of both .她两者都需要。
【例句研读】
I am ___ ___ ___money.我需要钱。
②We are badly  in need of this first step .我们_____迈开第一步。
【答案】(1) in need of ②非常需要
【归纳拓展】
sb.be in need of sth.某人需要某物
sth.be in need 某物被需要
satisfy/meet a need 满足需要
There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事

【即时巩固】
①Everyone in our society should help those ________ need, but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.
②There is no need ________ (worry) about that.
【答案】：①in ②to worry
考点8. hand over 把……移交；交出
【教材原句】The thief was handed over to the police.窃贼被移交警方
【例句研读】
(1) When you vacate the room, you should___ ___ the door key to me.
你搬出房间时，要把房间钥匙交给我。
 (2) I shall be glad to hand this job over.
我会很高兴地_____这项工作。
【答案】(1) hand over (2) 移交
【归纳拓展】
hand down 传给(后代)；把某事物传下去；正式宣布；公布
hand in 上交；提交
hand out 把……拿出来；分发；施舍
hand on 传递下去

【即时巩固】
①The old government will hand ________ power to its successors next week.
②You must hand ________ your paper by Friday.
【答案】(1) over (2) in
三 经典句型
考点1. What if…？如果……会怎样/怎么样？
【教材原句】What if I was？ 如果我是又怎样呢？
【句法分析】
“What if…？ ”常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘使……将会怎样？如果……将会怎样？”后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。如：

【例句研读】
①What if something goes wrong?
要是出了问题将会怎么样？
②What if it rains tomorrow?
万一明天下雨怎么办？
③It sounds like a good offer, but what if it's a trick?
那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？
【考点聚焦】What if…？如果……会怎样/怎么样？
【相关拓展】
(1)“How come？”常用于口语交际中，表示疑惑，意为“为什么会这样呢？怎么搞的？”
how come还可以接从句或v.ing形式。如：
How come I never see him any more?
我怎么再也没见过他呢？
(2)“How/What about…？” 常用来征求对方的意见或向对方提出建议，意为“……怎么样？”
(3)What for？为什么目的，为何理由？
(4)So what？那又怎么样？
(5)Why not do sth？为什么不……？
【即时巩固】
①___ ____this problem had to be solved in the next half hour?
在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决会怎样？

②______________ you only call me when something's wrong?
为什么你只在有困难的时候才打电话给我？
③______________ our going to the cinema tonight?
今晚我们去看电影怎么样？

考点2. …would have done…＋if…＋had done…
【教材原句】I would never have come if I‘d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do…
　 我要是早知道你们想要我做这种可恶的事， 我决不会来……
【句法分析】 此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句， 条件从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”形式，主句中的谓语动词用 “would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词”形式。
【相关拓展】
虚拟语气在if条件句中的另外两种情况：
(1)与现在事实相反：主句用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”；从句动词用过去式。如：
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
如果他在这所学校学习的话，他就会对你很熟悉。
(2)与将来事实相反，从句有三种形式：①动词的过去式；②should＋动词原形；③were to＋动词原形。主句用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”。
If he should/were to go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
【例句研读】
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.
我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.
如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
【考点聚焦】If 从句的虚拟语气
【即时巩固】
①Had we not used an outofdate train schedule, we __________________ the train. (miss)
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
②If Mr Dewey ______________(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

考点3. How/What about...？
【教材原句】How about beginning with the alphabet?
先从字母教起怎么样？
【句法分析】How/What about...？是常用句型，介词about后可接名词、代词、动名词，多用于征求意见。
【拓展归纳】
征求对方对某事或某人的看法时还可以用下列句型：
What do you think of...？询问某人或某物稳定的特点或某人的相貌、性格。
How do you like/find...？询问容易变化的特征，如天气、旅途或电影、电视、比赛等。
What is/are...like？询问天气或某人、某物的外表特征。
【例句研读】
①How about going for a walk？去散步好吗？
②What's the weather like in London?
伦敦的天气怎么样？
【考点聚焦】How/What about...？
【即时巩固】
①What about ________ (go) shopping tomorrow?
③ How about the two of us____ (take ) a break?
【答案】①going 　②taking
考点4 . be of＋n
【教材原句】Will that be of any use to you? 那对你有用吗？
【句法分析】本句中be of use = be useful
①This map is ________ great value.
②I don't think the new book is ________ any use to me.
【例句研读】
Team spirit is of importance团队精神很重要。
The book is of great importance. 这本书很重要。
They are of great help to learners of English.他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。
The book will be of great value to students of history.这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。
This medicine is of no use. 这种药无效。
This matter is of no significance.这件事无关紧要。
【拓展归纳】be of ＋n.具有……(特征/属性)，相当于be＋(相应的)形容词。
be of use＝be useful
be of great/little/no use 非常有用/几乎无用/没用
be of great/little value 非常有价值/几乎没有价值
be of great/little/no importance 非常重要/不大重要/不重要
【考点聚焦】be of + 名词
【即时巩固】
①This map is ________ great value.
②I don't think the new book is ________ any use to me.
【答案】①of　②of
考点5. 反意疑问句
【教材原句】It's raining heavily now，isn't it?
现在雨下得很大，不是吗？
【句法分析】这是一个反意疑问句，使用反意疑问句需注意以下几点：
①如果陈述部分中含有 no，never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little等词，这部分就算否定，后边要用肯定的疑问尾句。
②当主语为 none，everyone，someone，no one 等时，正式语体中常用he，非正式语体中常用 they。
【例句研读】
①You have no classes tomorrow，have you？
②Everyone enjoyed the party，didn't they？
每个人在晚会上都玩得很高兴，不是吗？
【考点聚焦】反义疑问句
【即时巩固】
①There is no water in the bottle, ________？
②This means a lot to you，________ it?
③None of the boys can do it，________ he?
【答案】①is there　②doesn't　③can
考点6.adj短语做伴随状语
【教材原句】Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利·希金斯正与皮克林上校坐着进行深入的交谈。
【句法分析】在本句中形容词短语deep　in conversation 做伴随状语。表示“专心于，全神贯注于”
【例句研读】
①He was in deep thought when I saw him.当我见到他时他正陷入沉思。
②He is often so deep in thought that he forgets to eat.他常常专心与读书以至于忘了吃饭。
【考点聚焦】adj短语 做伴随状语
【即时巩固】
①________ (deep) in thought，he didn't notice the car running towards him.
②________ (absorb) in the book，he didn't notice me enter the room.
④ ________ (bury) in the novel, he didn't notice me walking in.

语法
一．过去分词作状语
 过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，表示被动和完成，在句子中一般可以作时间、原因等。
1. 时间状语
Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. 李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。
Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. 从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。
2. 原因状语
Broken down on the high way, his car was carried away by the police. 由于他的车在高速公路上坏了，于是被警察拖走了。
Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
3. 条件状语
Given a few minutes, I’ll finish it. 再给几分钟的时间，我就会完成了。
Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。
4. 让步状语
Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。
Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool. 即使每天训练十个小时，他也还会是个傻瓜。
5. 结果状语
He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken. 他从树上摔了下来，腿摔断了。(from www.yygrammar.com)。
The cup fell down to the ground, broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。
注意：一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语、-ing分词做状语，还是动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。但是，有一些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为单独的短语，在句子中作状语。如：
(1)  exactly / honestly / frankly / generally speaking, 准确地说不过去/ 老实地说 / 坦率地说 / 一般说来。如：
Exactly speaking, he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 准确地说，今天早晨他是十八点十四分来到这里的。
Generally speaking, a snake won’t attack a man unless it is bothered. 一般说来，蛇是不会攻击人的除非你冒犯了它。
(2) judging from / by... 从 / 根据某东西判断
Judging by his accent, he is from Hunan. 从他的口音来判断，他是湖南人。
Judging from what he said, he is very honest. 从他所说的话来判断，它是很诚实的。
(3) providing / provided …假如 / 如果
Providing he follows our advice, we can help him. 要是他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。
Provided he is free, he is sure to come. 如果他有空，他肯定会来。
(4) considering... 考虑到
Considering he was just a little boy, we didn’t punish him. 考虑到他还只是一个小孩，我们就没有惩罚他了。
Considering it was late, we didn’t discuss the question. 考虑到时间不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题了。
(5) thinking of... 想到 / 考虑到
Thinking of the environment we live in, the waste can’t be thrown away around directly. 考虑到我们所生存的环境，废物不能直接到处乱扔。
(6) talking of... 谈到 / 说到
Talking of math, he became excited. 谈到数学，他就兴奋起来了。
此外，还有短语：taking...into consideration 把某事考虑进去；calculating roughly, 粗略地计算；supposing... 假定；to tell you the truth 实话告诉你；to be frank 坦白地说；to begin with 首先要做的是；so to speak 可以这么说；taken as a whole 从整体上来看；put frankly, 坦率地说；given that 鉴于等。
【即时巩固】
1. 1.           （drive）by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses. 

2. The film star got off the train, _____（surround）by her fans
3._____( see) from the hill, the city looks magnificent..
4. ______（encourage）by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
5. The patient got off the bed, _____（support）by the nurse.
答案:
1．Driven 2．surrounded 3．Seen 4．Encouraged 5．supported