英语必修5&选修6Unit 3 A healthy life同步达标检测题

学业分层测评（三）

Ⅰ.完成句子

用动词的过去分词形式完成下列句子

1．这是条被污染的河

This is________．

2．在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。

The boy________________was taken to hospital.

3．被邀请去参加她的晚会我感到吃惊。

I________________to be invited to her party.

4．我喜欢吃加工好的肉。

I like eating________________．

5．自从我离开这个城镇以来，这里几乎没有什么变化。

There is________________here since I left this town.

【答案】　1.a polluted river　2.injured in the accident　3.felt surprised　4.processed meat

5．nothing changed

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

A British scientist whose schoolmasters told him he was too stupid to study the subject has been awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for his pioneering work on cloning.

At the age of 15，Prof Sir John Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at biology，and was in the bottom set in every other science subject.His master，Mr.Gaddum，was in fact a museum curator(解说员)by profession who had been hired to teach the lowest­achieving pupils and was not in fact a particularly effective teacher.Though he had heard Gurdon was interested in doing science，he thought this was a completely ridiculous idea because there was no hope whatever of Gurdon doing science.

After receiving the report Sir John said he switched his attention to classics and was offered a place to study at Christ Church，Oxford，but was allowed to switch courses and read zoology instead because of a mix­up in the admissions office.

It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.He did so by taking a cell from an adult frog's intestine(肠)，removing its genes and implanting them into an egg cell，which grew into a clone of the adult frog.

Different from the previous studies by much more senior scientists，his idea was controversial(引起争议的)at the time and it was a decade before the then­graduate student's work became widely accepted.

But it led directly to the cloning of Dolly the Sheep by Prof Ian Wilmut in 1996.Later on Prof Yamanaka found adult cells can be“reprogrammed”into stem cells for use in medicine.

Sir John professed to be unaware of the cash prize that awaits，but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.

【语篇解读】　获得2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的英国科学家约翰·格登的生物课成绩曾经在250名同年龄的男生班中排最后一名，在其他科学类学科中成绩也都垫底，但是他没有放弃，最后取得了举世瞩目的成就。

1．Which of the following about Prof Sir John Gurdon is TRUE?

A．He once worked as a good teacher in a primary school.

B．He and his team cloned the cloning sheep Dolly in 1996.

C．He is the first man to prove that every cell in the body contains the same genes.

D．He and his schoolmasters won the Nobel Prize of 2012 in medicine or physiology.

【解析】　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知他并没有当过老师，因此选项A错误；根据倒数第二段可知是Prof Ian Wilmut克隆出克隆羊多利，因此选项B错误；根据第一段可知他的老师曾经认为他是非常愚蠢的学生，但Prof Sir John Gurdon获得了2012诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，并不是他和他的老师获得此项殊荣，因此选项D错误。根据第四段“It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.”可知选项C正确。

【答案】　C

2．Why did he once give up science subject to study classics?

A．Because he showed great interest in classics.

B．Because his schoolmaster told him to do so.

C．Because it's ridiculous to learn science subject.

D．Because his teacher gave him a bad comment.

【解析】　细节理解题。根据文章第二段末以及第三段首句“After receiving the report Sir John said he switched his attention to classics...”可知由于他老师的错误评价导致了他曾一度放弃了科学而专修古典文学，故本题选择D项。

【答案】　D

3．What will Prof Sir John Gurdon use the cash prize to do?

A．To buy some scientific equipment.

B．To support PhD students to study.

C．To donate his money to the poor.

D．To award the other famous scientists.

【解析】　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“...but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.”可知他要把诺贝尔奖金设立基金去帮助那些大学生，因此选项B符合。

【答案】　B

4．What can we infer from the passage?

A．Never say “die” to yourselves.

B．It's never too late to learn.

C．Misfortune may be an actual blessing.

D．Many hands make the work lighter.

【解析】　推理判断题。约翰·格登曾一度对科学研究失去了兴趣，也曾一度在生物课成绩和其他科学类学科中成绩倒数，但是最终还是获得2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，由此可推断出任何时候都不要对自己丧失信心，故本题选择A项。

【答案】　A

B

Do you suppose Darwin，one of the greatest scientists of all time，really did foolish experiments？Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?

Sometimes，people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.Sometimes，they really do know an answer or a solution，but without thinking they are important.

Charles Darwin didn't settle for(满足于)just thinking he knew something.And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.

Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape.If you drop them at the same time in the same place，they will fall in the same way.Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little balt and let it drop along with the other sheets.What happens？You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.

But this simple experiment is important.It explains part of our present­day understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton.And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek physics.

Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them.Even the simplest idea，which we might think is foolish，can shake the foundations of science.

【语篇解读】　最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。

5．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin____________________________.

A．was a great English scientist

B．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult

C．thought even the simplest thing was important

D．didn't get on well with others

【解析】　推理判断题。短文并没有说Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；由第一、二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做，可把B排除；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D。由第三段中“he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be”可推出答案C。

【答案】　C

6．The underlined phrase “set aside”most probably means________．

A．throw away　　　　　　 B．store up

C．put to use   D．realize

【解析】　词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。

【答案】　A

7．The author of the passage tries to________．

A．convince us that Charles Darwin，Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world

B．draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things

C．prove that two sheets of paper，with the same size and shape，will fall at the same speed

D．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us

【解析】　主旨大意题。短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。

【答案】　D

8．Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Darwin really did foolish experiments.

B．According to some people，Darwin did foolish experiments.

C．It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.

D．Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.

【解析】　细节理解题。短文第一段第二句“Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish？”明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。

【答案】　B

Ⅲ.语法填空  【导学号：01730028】

Once，in a lovely garden lived the most beautiful butterfly in the world.She was so pretty，and had won so many beauty competitions that she became very proud.One day，the naughty cockroach(蟑螂)got fed up with her 1.________(show)off，and decided to teach her a lesson.

She went to see the butterfly，and in front of everyone she told her that she wasn't 2.________(real)that beautiful，and that the butterfly only won the competitions 3.________the judges had been paid.In fact，the cockroach was the most beautiful.

The butterfly was 4.________(anger)and told the cockroach，“I 5.________(beat)you in the next beauty competition，with whichever judges you yourself choose”．

“OK，I accept.See you on Saturday，”answered the cockroach，and left 6.________waiting for a reply.

On Saturday everyone went to 7.________beauty competition.The butterfly arrived completely confident of victory until she realized 8.________the judges were：cockroaches，worms and beetles.All of 9.________(they)preferred the ugliness and bad smell of the cockroach.

The butterfly was left 10.________(sob)and disappointed.She decided never to enter another beauty competition in her life.Fortunately，the cockroach forgave the butterfly for her pride and they became friends.

1．showing　作介词的宾语，又有物主代词修饰，故用动名词形式。

2．really　所填词修饰形容词beautiful，故用副词形式。

3．because　从句说明蝴蝶赢得比赛的原因，故用because。

4．angry　在系动词后作表语用形容词。

5．will beat　beat表示的动作是将要发生的，故用一般将来时。

6．without　此处意为“没有等待回复就离开了”，故用介词without。

7．the　特指大家都知道的选美大赛，故用定冠词the。

8．who　所填词引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，由冒号后面的名词可知用who。

9．them　所填词指代cockroaches，worms and beetles，在句中作of的宾语，故用them。

10．sobbing　主语the butterfly和动词sob为逻辑上的主动关系，故用sob的现在分词作伴随状语。

Ⅳ.短文改错  【导学号：01730029】

Knowing how to do in case of fire is important.If the fire broke out，what would you do？First，you should warn everyone in the building about the danger.Don't panic or start shouting.Be calmly and act quickly.Second，you and all the others should be get out of the building.Don't stop take anything with you.Once you are out of the building，stay out.Do not go back for some reason.Finally，when you are out of the building，calling the fire police.Don't try to put off the fire yourself.That can be dangerous if you do.

【答案】　

Knowing  to do in case of fire is important.If  fire broke out，what would you do？First，you should warn everyone in the building  the danger.Don't panic or start shouting.Be  and act quickly.Second，you and all the others should get out of the building.Don't stop  take anything with you.Once you are out of the building，stay out.Do not go back for  reason.Finally，when you are out of the building， the fire police.Don't try to put  the fire yourself.That can be dangerous if you do ．

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