高考英语语法专题复习课件-非谓语动词用法与考点预测

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11《谓语动词用法与考点预测》
１、非谓语动词的种类：
不定式（t d）、 动名词（ ding）、现在分词（ding）、 过去分词（V-ed）
２、非谓语动词的功能：
1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。
2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。
３、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分
４、非谓语动词用做定语
1.Please give him smething . A.eaten B. eating C. t eat D. t be eaten2.I need a pen . A. written B. t write C. t write with D. writing with3.The rm the sea is my grandpa’s A. faced B. facing C.t face D.faces4. The wman the clthes ver there is my aunt. A. washed B. being washed C. T wash D. washing
5.The bridge, in 1950,brke dwn in the fld. A.built B.had built C. building D. t be built6.Things are mighter(强大的)than things . A. seen; hearing B.seeing;heard C. t see; t hear D.seen;heard
Translate the fllwing sentences:1.将要到站的火车是从伦敦来的。2.今天晚上我还有一些家务要做。3.没有什么值得担心的。
The train t arrive is frm Lndn.
I have sme husewrk t d tnight.
There is nthing t wrry abut.
4.通向我家乡的那条路非常的窄。5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。6.昨晚被警察抓住的那个小偷被投进了监狱。
The rad leading t my hmetwn is very narrw.
The by playing ftball n the playgrund is my deskmate.
The thief caught by the plice last night was put int prisn.
Cmpare the phrases r sentences belw：
1. The rising sun The risen sun2. The man invited t the party is my bss. The man inviting many guests is my bss3. D yu want t see the dctr wrking n the case reprt in the ffice. D yu want t see the dctr t be sent fr frm Beijing4.I’m ging t buy sme picture-bks fr the children t read I have sme clthes t wash . I have sme clthes t be washed.
5.He rushed int the burning huse. The child standing ver there is my prblem being discussed nw has smething imprtant td with ur daily life. The prblem discussed yesterday has smething imprtant t d with ur daily life. Premier Zhu is a leader lved by the peple.
Summarize the usages f nnfinite verbs:
1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面
2. 与被修饰词的关系：
1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing 与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系
3.动作发生的时间关系：
1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。
D sme excises belw:
1.She will tell us why she feels s strngly that each f us has a rle in making the earth a better place t live. A. t have played B. t play C. t be played D. t be playing2.—Where shuld I send my frm? -- The persnal ffice is the place . A.fr sending it B. t send it t C. t send D. t send it3.There was a nise the sudden burst f light. A. fllwed B. fllwing C. t be fllwed D. being fllwed
Translate sme sentences:
1.由于赢得了奖学金，马丁.路德金取得了一次上大学的机会2.参观里约热内卢的最好时间是在六月和七月。3.在那边弹钢琴的那个人是我们的音乐老师。
Winning a schlarship, Martin Lurther King gt a chance t g t cllege.
The best time t visit Ri de Janeir is in June and July
The man playing the pian there is ur music teacher.
=The man wh is playing the pian there is ur music teacher
５、非谓语动词用做状语：
1.He wke up nly t find himself lying n a bed in a hspital.2.为了在期末考试里取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。3.There is smething fr everyne here and few visitrs leave Ri feeling dispinted4. Given mre attentin, the trees wuld grw better.5.做完他的家庭作业，他去打篮球了。 having received his reply, he decided t write again
Cmpare the fllwing sentences:
1.We are glad t hear the family was t pr t supprt std by the radside t talk abut the std by the radside talking abut the frm the tp f the hill,yu can find the city mre frm the tp f the hil ,the city is mre permitting, we will g ut fr a picnic permitting, we will g there.
Summarize the usages f nnfinite verbs:
1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、 。其做结果 和原因状语时，常置于句子的 ；做目的状语时常置 于 ,也可以置于 。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示 等。 如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完 成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾 关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与 相互转换。
Cmplete the excises belw:
1.The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly the film stars had left. A. T tell B. t be tld C. telling D. tld2.Can’t yu read? Mary said t the ntice A.angrily pinting B. and pint angrily C. t pint D.and angrily pintly
Translate the fllwing sentences:
1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些水果。2.因为病了，他没有来上学。3.不知道如何去做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。
In rder t lse weight, he just eats sme fruits every day.
Being ill, he didn’t cme t schl.
Nt knwning hw t t it, I asked fr help frm my teacher.
Beaten by his father, the by dared nt g ut.
解题方法总结 解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路： ①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)； ②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)； ③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； ④将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
二、非谓语动词考点预测
非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点
1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。
1. (2007 江苏卷)—Can I smke here? —Srry. We dn’t allw ______ here. A. peple smking B. peple smke C. t smke D. smking2. (2007 辽宁卷)Yu can’t imagine what difficulty we had ___hme in the snwstrm. A. walked B. walk C. t walk D. walking
常用能接动名词的动词：admit, appreciate, avid, advise, can’t help, celebrate, cnsider, cmplete, delay, deny, dislike, enjy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, frgive, imagine, keep, mentin, mind, miss, pardn, permit, practice, prevent, resist, risk, stp, suggest, understand, allw等。
（二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。
2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。
(2008江苏卷)—They are quiet, aren’t they? —Yes. They are accustmed ______ at meals. A. t talk B. t nt talkC. t talking D. t nt talking2. (2006重庆卷)Isn’t it time yu gt dwn t ____ the papers. A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking3. (2006江西/改错)I'm lking frward t hear frm yu sn.
1. 常见的短语动词有：leave ff, put ff, give up, can't help, can’t stand, feel like, insist n, think f, dream f, be fnd f, prevent…(frm), keep…frm, stp…(frm), prtect…frm, set abut, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in 等。 2. 下列短语中的t 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：lk frward t, be familiar t, we…t, put ne’s mind t, turn t, get dwn t, attribute…t, live up t, in relatin t, admit t, be devted t, wing t, thanks t, bject t, be accustmed t等。
3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。
(2005天津卷) I dn’t want _________like I’m speaking ill f anybdy, but the manager' s plan is unfair. A. t sund      B. t be sunded   C. sunding       D. t have sunded2. (2006北京卷) I can’t stand _________ with Jane in the same ffice. She just refuses _______ talking while she wrks. A. wrking; stpping B. t wrk; stpping C. wrking; t stp D. t wrk; t stp
常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：affrd, agree, ask, arrange, attempt, beg, begin, chse, claim, determine, decide， dare, desire, demand, expect, fail, frget, hate, hpe, manage, intend, learn, help，like, lng, mean, need, ffer, plan, prefer, prepare, seek, pretend, prmise, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, vlunteer, want, wish等。
4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。
1. (2007 安徽卷)—Rbert is indeed a wise man. —Oh, yes. Hw ften I have regretted ______ his advice! A. t take B. taking C. nt t take D. nt taking2. (2006湖南卷)If yu think that treating a wman well means always _____ her permissin fr things, think again. A. gets B. gt C. t get D. getting
接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.frget t d sth.忘记去做某事(未做); frget ding sth.忘记做过某事(已做)2. remember t d sth.记着去做某事(未做); remember ding sth. 记得做过某事(已做)3. stp t d sth.停下来去做另一件事; stp ding sth.停止做正在做的某事4. regret t d sth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾; regret ding sth.对已做的事情表示后悔5. try t d sth努力去做某事; try ding sth.做某事试一试6. mean t d sth. 打算、意欲做某事; mean ding sth.意味着做某事
1. (2008上海卷) If there’s a lt f wrk ______, I am happy t just keep n until it is finished. A. t d B. t be ding C. dne D. ding 2. (2007 全国卷I)—The last ne ________ pays the meal. —Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. t arrive D. arriving
（三）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。
1.考查不定式作定语的用法
不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但t blame的主动形式表示被动意义。
2.考查现在分词作定语的用法
1.(2006上海春) There are hundreds f visitr _______ in frnt f the Art Gallery t have a lk at Van Ggh's paintings. A. waited B. t wait C. waiting D. wait 2. (2006辽宁卷)I was tld that there were abut 50 freign students _____Chinese in the schl, mst _______were frm Germany. A. study; f whm B. study; f them C. studying; f them D. studying; f whm
现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。
3.考查过去分词作定语的用法
过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。
1. (2008上海卷) Thrughut histry, the language _____ by a pwerful grup spreads acrss a civilizatin A. speaking B. spken C. t speak D. t be spken2. (2008浙江卷)It is ne f the funniest things _______ n the Internet s far this year. A. finding B. being fund C. t find D. fund3. (2007 上海卷)The Twn Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the mst distinguished building at that time. A. t be cmpleted B. having been cmpleted C. cmpleted D. being cmpleted
（四）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。
1. 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配
1. (2007北京卷) —Excuse me sir,where is Rm 301? —Just a minute. I’ll have Bb ____yu t yur rm. A.shw B.shws C. t shw D. shwing2. (2008上海卷) Due t the heavy rain and flding, ten millin peple have been frced _____their hmes. A. leaving B. t leave C. t be left D. being left
1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, advise, allw, beg, believe, call n, cause, cmmand, direct, feel, expect, enable, encurage, frce, get, hate, intend, invite, lead，like, rder, permit, persuade, prefer，request, remind, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。2. 要求省掉不定式的t作宾补的动词：feel, have, hear, help, let, listen t, lk at, make, ntice, bserve, see, watch等。
2. 考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配
以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补：① see, hear, smell, feel, watch, find, ntice, bserve, lk at, listen t, catch等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。②have, keep, get, set, send, leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。
1. (2008上海卷) My sister, an inexpensive rider, was fund sitting n the bicycle ____ t balance it . A. having tried B. trying C. t try D. tried2. (2007 全国卷I) I smell smething _________ in the kitchen. Can I call yu back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. t be burnt3. (2007 上海卷)After a knck at the dr, the child heard his mther’s vice ______ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. t call
3. 考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配
1. (2005天津卷)Yu shuld understand the traffic rule by nw. Yu’ve had it ______ ften enugh. A. explaining   B. t explain      C. explain     D. explained 2. (2007 福建卷) Jenny hpes that Mr. Smith will suggest a gd way t have her written English ______in a shrt perid. A.imprved B.imprving C.t imprve D.imprve
过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构 ：1. keep/leave + 宾语 + 过去分词(表状态的动词)。2. have/get +宾语+过去分词: (A)让/请/叫某人做某事; (B)遭遇到某种不幸。(C)使某事完成。3. make + neself +过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understd, knwn, heard，respected，nticed等。4.watch(ntice, see, hear, listen t, feel, find) +宾语+过去分词(强调宾语所处的状态)　5. want (wish, like, expect, rder) +宾语+过去分词。
（五）考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语的用法。
1. 考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构
1. (2008北京卷)–Did the bk give the infrmatin yu needed? –Yes. But ________ it, I had t read the entire bk. A. t find B. find C. t finding D. finding2. (2007 上海春) _______the safety f gas, the gvernment has checked the city’s gas supply system thrughly. A．T ensure B．Ensuring C．Having ensured. D．T have ensured3. (2006广东卷)______ this cake, yu'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flur. A. Having made B. Make C. T make D. Making
只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加in rder或s as.
2. 考查不定式, 分词作结果状语的常见结构
1.不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：(1)t…t d结构; (2) t d结构；(3) nly / just t d…(不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查nly/just t d结构, 且是高考热点。2. 作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末, 用逗号隔开。
1.(2006陕西卷) He hurried t the bking ffice nly ________ that all the tickets had been sld ut. A. t tell B. t be tld C. telling D. tld 2. (2005山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start f the year, ___ a recrd US $57. 65 a barrel n April 4. A. have reached  B. reaching   C. t reach  D. t be reaching3. (2005全国卷I) The strm left , _____a lt f damage t this area. A. caused   B. t have caused   C. t cause   D. having caused
3. 考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构
1.(2008重庆卷) ________ t reach them n the phne, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. T fail D. Having failed2. (2006福建卷)._____fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk, Alice was in lw spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. T blame D. T be blamed 3. (2007 浙江卷)______ by a greater demand f vegetables, farmers have built mre green huses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. T drive D. Having driven
1. 现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于because, since和 as引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于if条件状语从句。2. 现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。
4. 考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法
1.(2006浙江卷)When ______ different cultures, we ften pay attentin nly t the differences withut nticing the many similarities. A. cmpared B. being cmpared C. cmparing D. having cmpared2. (2008安徽卷) _______ in the fields n a March afternn, he culd feel the warmth f spring. A. T walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked3. (2007 陕西卷）________that she didn’t d a gd jb, I dn’t think I am abler than her. A. T have said B. Having said C. T say D. Saying
分词作时间状语，相当于when, befre, while, after, since引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。
5. 考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法
1. (2008辽宁卷)He was busy writing a stry, nly ______ nce in a while t smke a cigarette. A. t stp B. stpping C. t have stpped D. having stpped2. (2006全国卷II) We ften prvide ur children with tys, ftballs r basketballs, _______ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. t think D. thught 3. (2006安徽卷)My cusin came t see me frm the cuntry, ______me a full basket f fresh fruits. A. brught B. bringing C. t bring D. had brught4. (2007 重庆卷)The children went hme frm the grammar schl, their lessns _______ fr the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方式状语的用法几乎年年考查。
（六）考查非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。
1. 考查“S + is said t d/t have dne.”句型
1. (2007 辽宁卷)The crwd cheered wildly at the sight f Liu Xiang, wh was reprted ______ the wrld recrd in the 110-meter hurdle race. A. breaking B. having brken C. t have brken D. break2. (2005江苏卷)—Is Bb still perfrming? —I'm afraid nt. He is said___ the stage already as he has becme an fficial. A. t have left      B. t leave     C. t have been left     D. t be left3. (2006湖北卷)AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge t bth men and wmen in that area ver the past few years. A. that it is B. t be C. that it has been D. t have been
句型“It is + said/believed/suppsed/knwn/etc.+ that-clause” 可以转换为 “S + is said/believe/suppsed/knwn + t d/t have dne”。当不定式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后发生，不定式用一般式，当不定式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，不定式用完成式。
2. 考查“情感类使动词”的-ing和-ed形式作形容词的区别
情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词。过去分词形式用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，常修饰表示人或人的表情的名词。
1. (2007 江苏卷)He is very ppular amng his students as he always tries t make them ______ in his lectures. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. t interest2. (2006天津卷)A gd stry des nt necessarily have t have a happy ending, but the reader ______ must nt be left. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. t be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 3. (2006四川卷)—Did yu enjy yurself at the party . —Yes. I've never been t ________ ne befre. A. a mre excited B. the mst excited C. a mre exciting D. the mst exciting
1. (2007 四川卷) The flwers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. t water2. (2008北京卷) ______ that she was ging ff t sleep, I asked if she’d like that little dll n her bed. A. Seeing B. T see C. See D. Seen3. (2008陕西卷) ________arund the Water Cube, we were then taken t see the Bird’s Nest fr the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shwn B. T be shwn C. Having been shwn D. T shw
非谓语动词一般式：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或将来发生。非谓语动词完成式：说明该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。2.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语是一致的，即逻辑主语是该分词短语动作的执行者，用现在分词，若是承受者，用过去分词。
（七）考查非谓语动词时态、语态和逻辑主语的选择
（九）近三年高考非谓语动词命题趋势
1.从内容上来看：不定式和分词的用法较多。2.从形式上来看：非谓语动词的一般式占绝大多数。3.从功能上来看：主要考查非谓语动词作状语、宾语和定语的用法。
不定式和现在分词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富,功能较多, 最能体现英语独特的形式特征，又极易对中国考生带来麻烦。因此,命题人热衷于使用它们作为考查武器。2.考查立意较低,主要考查的非谓语的一些最基本的用法。 但是题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。3.设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰，同时利用了祈使句与以非谓语动词开首的句子结构上相似的特点，对考生造成了很大的麻烦。4.2009年对非谓语动词考查密度增大。非谓语动词的四大分类均出现了较频繁的考查. 总体来看，考查比较细，比较全。