所属成套资源:2022年初中英语中考重点语法知识点整理(全国通用)
专题12 句子的类型II(复合句)-冲刺2021年中考英语重点语法知识完整梳理(全国通用)
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这是一份专题12 句子的类型II(复合句)-冲刺2021年中考英语重点语法知识完整梳理(全国通用),主要包含了知识归纳,特例清单等内容,欢迎下载使用。
【定义】
1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,常常位于及物动词或介词之后,作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的,常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, hw, why等,宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出;间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句,在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,befre,nt…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as lng as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由s that,s…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in rder that等引导)、让步状语从句(由thugh,althugh等引导)。
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语,用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有wh,whse,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。
【知识归纳】
宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语
【特例清单】
1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时,引导词用if或whether,如果从句中有r nt或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether
I dn’t knw whether he will cme r nt. 我不知道他是否会来。
2.宾语从句中,主句为一般现在时,则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时,则从句必须用过去的某种时态
I remember he gave me a bk yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He tld me that he wuld take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 knw, remember, frget, learn等词时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构
She desn’t knw what she shuld d next.= She desn’t knw what t d next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
4.直接引语是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell (ask,rder等)sb.(nt) t d sth.”句型
“Dn’t make any nise.” she said t the children.
→She tld the children nt t make any nise. “不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。
5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
He said that light travels much faster than sund.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。
6.直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表:
二、状语从句
三、定语从句
【特例清单】
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
(1)当先行词为anything,everything,nthing等不定代词时,只能使用“that”
Is there anything that I can d fr yu? 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all,any,much,many等词时,只能使用“that”
Tm tld her mther all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”
This is the mst wnderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”
He was the first persn that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the nly,the very,the same,the last修饰时,只能使用“that”
This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the nly persn that can help yu ut. 他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能使用“that”
They talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以wh,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是wh时,只能使用“that”
Which is the bk that he brrwed frm the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的?
用法
例句
当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时,用that来引导从句或间接引语,其中的that无具体意义,一般可以省略。
He tells me (that) he is ging shpping this Sunday.
He said (that) the bank was near the htel.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时,用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语,意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。
She asked me if/whether she culd jin us.
He wndered if/whether the wrkers had finished the wrk.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时,特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。
D yu knw wh brke the dr?
She asked me whse pen that was.
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
thse
时间状语
nw
then
tday
that day
tnight
that night
yesterday
the day befre
tmrrw
next week
this week
that week
next week
the next week
tw weeks ag
tw weeks befre
last mnth
the mnth ag
地点状语
here
there
谓语动词
cme
g
bring
take
分类
连接词
例句
时间
状语从句
when/while/as, befre,after,
since,until,as sn as
She was cking when smene kncked at the dr.
He ften went t the cncert while he stayed in Berlin.
I didn’t g t bed until she came back.
条件
状语从句
if,as lng as,unless
I’ll g t see yu if I have time.
They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday
原因
状语从句
because,since,as,fr
He didn’t catch the first bus because he gt up t late.
We shuld study hard since we are students.
目的
状语从句
s that,in rder that
Please say it in a lud vice s that everyne can hear it.
结果
状语从句
s that,
s…that/such…that
It’s s ht that we want t g swimming.
It is such a heavy bx that nbdy can mve it away.
让步
状语从句
thugh/althugh,
even,if
Althugh it’s raining hard,they are still wrking hard in the field.
比较
状语从句
than,as…as,
nt as/s…as
He ran as fast as Mike.
分类
引导词
例句
关系代词
wh
whm
which
that
whse
The man wh is wrking there is my brther.
This is the bk(that/which) I bught yesterday.
The rm whse windw is pen is mine.
关系副词
when
where
why
I still remember the day when yu left fr Beijing.
This is the schl where my mther wrks.