2021初中英语人教版易混易错词汇辨析114组学案

初中英语人教版易混易错词汇辨析

1. clothes, cloth, clothing

　　clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

2. family, house, home

　　home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.

3. sound, voice, noise

　　sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.

4. photo, picture, drawing

　　photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture.

5. road, street, path, way

　　road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径

　　take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.

6. custom, habit

　　custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

7. exercise, exercises, practice

　　exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习/体操动作do morning exercises(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect.

8. class, lesson

　　作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5

9. speech, talk, lecture

　　speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…

10. officer, official

　　officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer

11. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job

12. country, nation, state, land

country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，

land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.

13. cook, cooker

　　cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.

14. police, policeman

police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察

The police are questioning everyone in the house.

15. problem, question

　　problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用

16. man, a man

　　man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.

17. chick, chicken

　　二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.

18. trip, journey, travel, voyage

travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行

a three-day trip

19. price, prize

　　price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.

20. a number of, the number of

　　a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.

21. in front of, in the front of

　　in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.

22. three of us, the three of us

　　three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个，the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.

23. for a moment, for the moment

for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 目前，暂时

Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

24. next year, the next year

next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语

He said he would go abroad the next year.

25. take advice, take the(one's) advice

take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告

He refused to take the advice and failed again.

26. in place of, in the place of

　　in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.

27. a girl, one girl

　　a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?

28. go to sea, go to the sea，by sea, by the sea

go to sea当水手，出航，go to the sea，去看海，出海

by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea

29. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher

　　the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师

30. in office, in the office

　　in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.

31. in bed, on the bed

　　in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.

32. in charge of, in the charge of

　　in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.

33. in class, in the class

　　in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.

34. on fire, on the fire

　　on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.

35. out of question, out of the question

　　out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的

36. a second, the second

　　a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.

37. it, one

　　it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

38. that, this

　　that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…

39. what, which

　　what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

40. other, another

　　other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student

41. not a little, not a bit

　　not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。

42. no, not

　　no=not a/any   no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water

43. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

　　by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.

44. tall, high

　　tall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.

45. fast, quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快

run fast, answer the question quickly

46. high, highly

　　high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of

47. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的

a sleeping baby . The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

48. real, true

　　real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story

49. pleasant, pleased, pleasure

pleasant常用作定语，pleased常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，

pleasure是名词  a pleasant trip

50. close, closely

　　close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close

51. ill, sick

　　ill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy

52. good, well

　　good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.

53. quiet, silent, still

　　quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。

54. hard, hardly

　　hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.

55. late, lately

　　late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately.

56. living, alive, live, lively

　　living, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive

57. deep, deeply

　　deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep

58. aloud, loudly

　　aloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)

59. worth, worthy

　　二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done

　　It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.

60. bad, badly

bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常"

I need the book badly.

61. before long, long before

　　before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long

62. happy, glad

　　happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl

63. instead, instead of

　　instead是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of是介词短语，放在句中He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

64. too much, much too

　　too much 后接不可数名词，much too后接形容词 much too heavy

65. bring, take, carry, fetch

　　bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk

66. spend, take, pay, cost

　　spend人做主语，花钱，花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语，花时间; pay人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost物做主语，花钱

67. join, join in, take part in

　　join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in;take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.

68. learn, study

　　learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究

　　study the problem

69. want, hope, wish

　　want打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现)，hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.

70. discover, invent, find out

　　discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明 At last he found out the truth.

71. answer, reply

　　answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter

72. leave, leave for

　　leave离开，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.

73. rob, steal

　　rob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal偷 steal sth. from sb.

74. drop, fall

　　drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.

75. search, search for

　　search后接地点，search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.

76. used to, be used to

　　used to过去常常，be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.;被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.

77. win, lose, beat

　　win后接sth.，反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them

78. live on, live by

　　live on以…为主食，live by靠…谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing

79. beat, hit

　　beat连续性地击打;hit打中，对准打; beat the wings

80. meet, meet with

　　meet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到 meet with an accident

81. lose, miss

　　lose失去(具体的物体)，错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance;miss 想念，错过sth. is missing, miss the chance

82. be tired of, be tired with/from

　　be tired of厌烦…，be tired with/from因为…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters

83. catch a cold, have a cold

　　catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以

　　She has had a cold for a week.

84. change for, change into

　change for调换成，change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.

85. continue, last

　　二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.

86. feed, raise

　　feed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)， raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family

87. go for a doctor, go to a doctor

　　go for a doctor去请医生，go to a doctor去看病

88. notice, observe, catch sight of

　　notice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars

89. insist on, stick to

　　insist on坚持要求，后常接doing, stick to坚持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan

90. look, seem, appear

　　look指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father

91. gather, collect

　　gather把分散的东西集中到一起， collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps

92. mean to do, mean doing

　　mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving the students more practice.

93. die from, die of

　　die from表示死于(枪)伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold

94. pay for, pay back, pay off

pay for为…付钱，pay back还钱，但不一定还清，pay off还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt

95. arrive, get, reach

　　arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing

96. build, put up, set up, found

　　build一般用语，建成，put up临时搭建，set up建成(内部的设施基本齐全)，found国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school

97. be familiar to, be familiar with

　　be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.

98. agree with, agree to, agree on

　　agree with同意某人，agree to同意某事，agree on在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan

99. receive, accept

　　receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.

100. wear, put on, dress

　　wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.

101. listen, hear

　　listen强调动作，hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing.

102. look, see, watch

　　look看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV

103. lie, lay

　　lie躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied)，lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book

104. move, remove

　　move动一动，但不一定移走，remove从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen

105. hurt, injure, wound

　　hurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war.

106. turn, get, grow

　　turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big

107. close, shut, turn off

　　close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体 Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV.

108. begin, start

begin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop

Class begins at 7:30a.m.

109. happen, take place

　　happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，take place必然性的发生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

110. increase to, increase by

　　increase to增长到…，increase by增长了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.

111. day after day, day by day

　　day after day日复一日(无变化);day by day一天天地(有变化)Trees grow taller day by day.

112. after, in (表时间)

　　after接时间点，in接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes

113. after, behind (表位置)

　　after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后 There are many trees behind the house.

114. since, for (完成时间状语)

　　since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00