高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 2 English around the world学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 2 English around the world学案，共10页。学案主要包含了学习目标，学习方法，语法知识点，学习过程，指点迷津，自主学习等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高一定语从句 (the Attributive Clause) 导学案
【学习目标】 ：
1、掌握定语从句的定义。（重点）
2、掌握关系代词that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。（重点）
3、掌握关系副词when，where，why的用法。（重点）
4、掌握介词+which的用法（难点）
5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。 （难点）
【学习方法】 ：
1、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。
2、背诵典型句子
3、多做练习进行运用和分析

【语法知识点】
1. 定语从句----在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句
2. 先行词----被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
3. 关系词----在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词.
4. 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：
连接--- 连接定语从句和主句
替代--- 替代前面的先行词
成分--- 在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分 （主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）
例1. A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide）
（先行词） (关系词) （定语从句）
cut across houses, roads and canals.

【学习过程】
Part1. 关系词的使用
1、完成表格
关系代词
先行词
（指人或物）
在从句中充当什么成分
例句分析
that
指人/物
作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）
A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
I don’t know about the man (that) you mentioned.
who
指人
作主语
The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
whom
指人
作宾语（可以省略）
The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.
which
指物
作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）
Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.

whose

指人/物
作定语
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
= …...the homes of whom had been destroyed.
= …… of whom the homes had been destroyed
【注】whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom
或 of which / whom + the +n.
as
正如…..
指人/物
作主语、宾语（不可省略）
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
He is not the same man as he was.
As we all had expected, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.

关系副词
先行词

在从句中充当什么成分
例句分析
when
=介词+which
时间
时间状语
I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.
where =介词+which
地点
地点状语
This is the village where / in which I ever lived.
why = for+ which
原因
原因状语
Do you know the reason why / for which he is absent?
【注】 定语从句的关系副词when \ where \ why = 介词+which, 但反之并不一定。
如：English is the subject in which I’m interested.

2. 做题方法：
（1）找先行词
（2）还原----把先行词放入定语从句
（3）确定关系词

【练习1】用关系代词that, who, whom, which或whose 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。
1. The eggs _________ I bought yesterday were not fresh. （作______________ ）
2. He prefers the goose ________ comes from his parents’ farm. （作______________ ）
3. The noodles ________ you cooked were delicious. （作______________ ）
4. He saw a house ________ windows were all broken. （作______________ ）
5. The man ________ lives next to us sells vegetables. （作______________ ）
6. I don’t like the people ________ smoke a lot. （作______________ ）
7. I prefer dumplings ___________ have just been cooked. （作______________ ）
8. Don’t drink water ___________ has not been boiled. （作______________ ）
9. The man ________ you met just now is my teacher. （作______________ ）
10. Plane is a machine ________ can fly. （作______________ ）

观察下面两组句子
1. A. This is the house _____ I once lived in.
先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。
B. This is the house _____ I once lived.
先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，你知道应填什么关系词吗？
2. A. He was born in a day ________was very hot.
先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。
B. He was born in a day ________ it was very hot.
先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语。

【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. (还原：I would be staying in the house)

【练习2】用关系副词when, where, why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。
1. I remember the day _______ I first come to the school.
2. Beijing is the place _______ I was born.
3. This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
4. Is this the reason _________ he refused to help you?
5. I’ll never forget the years ______ I spent with you in the city.
6. We all didn’t believe the reason _________ he said just now.

【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situation，point, position ,condition, case, scene, spot, stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词where [occasion ---场合(where) ;---时机;机会(when) ]。
如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东)
I have never been to such an occasion where people all dress formally.
[Ex.] He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why

3、that 和which
² 关系代词只用that的情况：
① 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。
② 先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时
③ 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用 that
④ 先行词既包括人又包括物时。
⑤ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

⑴. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen.
⑵. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday.
⑶. —Who is the man _______ is standing over there?
—Oh,he is my math teacher.
⑷. They are talking about things and persons ______ they saw there a few days ago.

² 关系代词只用which的情况：
① 引导非限制性定语从句; ② 关系词前有介词; ③ 先行词本身是that。
⑴. The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
⑵. We depend on the land from we get our food.
⑶. That you told him about is what we want to know.

² who 和 that
在什么情况下只用who 不用that？
① all / those 作先行词且指人；
② 在there be 结构中，先行词指人；
③ 先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none。
⑴.Those ___ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
⑵.There is a stranger wants to see you.
⑶. One doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .

4、先行词是way的定语从句
1）The way __________________ you solved the problem is not the best one.
2）This is the way ________________ he told me to solve the problem.

【指点迷津】当先行词是the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in which / that / 省略

Part2. 介词+ which/ whom
1. 分析下列例句:
（1）The man whom he is talking to is my father.
The man to whom he is talking is my father.
（2）This is the pen which I wrote the letter with.
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.

【指点迷津】 (1) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物, 用介词+which; 如先行词是人, 用介词+whom
(2) 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which / whom”
(3) 在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。如: look after, take care of, look for 等。

判断正误：①This is the pen for which I’m looking. ( )
②This is the pen which I’m looking for. ( )

2. 如何确定定语从句中的介词？
先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中
1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
This is the book_____ which you asked
2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配
This is our classroom , _______________ which there is a teacher’s desk.

【练习】用恰当的介词+which/whom填空
1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea.
2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.
4. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grade was too low.
5. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.
6. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived?

Part 3定语从句中的动词的数
1. He is the only one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got this chance.
2. He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
3. Those who ________ (want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.
4. Anyone who _______(want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m.
【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词

Part 4 课后巩固练习
一．选择最佳选项。
1. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. 
A. where         B. that     C. in which   D. in that
2. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.
     A. whose       B. of which    C. in which   D. on which
3. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
     A. learn         B. who  learn     C. that learns D. who
4. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.
     A. that against   B. that against C. who is against D. who are against
5. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
     A. that you talked           B. you talked about it
     C. which you talked with     D. you talked about
6. The train __________ she was travelling was late.
     A. which B. where      C. on which     D. in that
7. Do you still remember the happy days _________ we swam in the river in our village?
     A. which    B. when    C. that D. where
8. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.
       A. which     B. when       C. on which D. about which
9. The hotel __________ we stayed during our holidays stands by the seaside.
       A. what       B. which C. where D. that
10. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?
     A. which      B. what     C. why   D. for that
11. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.
       A. the way         B. the way in that   C. the way which        D. the way of which
12. There is only one thing __________ I can do.
       A. what      B. that     C. all     D. which
13. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.
       A. them      B. that      C. which D. those
14. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.
       A. which     B. who     C. that         D. /
15. This is one of the best films _______ this year.
A. that have been shown B. that have shown
C. that has been shown D. that has shown
16. She was the only one of the girls in our class _____ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.
A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been
17. This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.
A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price
19. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.
A. that agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. that agree
20. The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.
A. came B. come C. coming
二．用关系词填空。
1. The place ________interested me most was the Children's Palace.
2. Do you know the year ________the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
3. Great changes have taken place in the factory ______we have been working since then.
4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ________sat a small boy.
5. Is there anyone in your class ________family is in the country?
6. The letter is from my sister, ________is working in Beijing.
7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _______are women.
8. I will never forget the day ___ we worked together and the day ____ we spent together.
9. We admire him for the way _______ he faces difficulties.
10. The reason _______he didn't come was _______he was ill.
11. --- Did you ask the guard what happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
12. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
13. There are cases ________ the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.
14. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _______ he can walk correctly and safely.
15. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
16. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.
17. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
18. Who is the woman __ is sweeping the floor over there?
19. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ________ they had seen.
20. Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
21. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
22. After reading your proposal, there is one point _______ I don’t agree.

三．用介词+关系代词填空。（每空一词）
1. The hotel _______ _______ they are staying is a very famous one.
2. The pen _______ _______ I do my homework is a birthday present from my father.
3. Is this the car _______ ________ you paid a high price?
4. The gentleman _______ ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
5. Is this the village ________ ________ the great scientist was born forty years ago?
6. The professor _______ ________ we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.

四、单句改错
1．The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold．
2．Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task．
3．Mr. Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him．
4．When we passed the place which the dead boy lay, each of us saluted．
5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?
6. Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.
7. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.
8. Mr. Green is always working hard should get a rise.
9. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad.
10.I care about nothing which is going on there.


四．用定语从句合并下列句子。
1．The factory is a small one. The factory stands near the river．

2．Have you answered the letter? You got that letter two weeks ago．

3．I'll never forget the day. On that day I joined the League.

4.We are not allowed to do so． Tell me the reason.

5．The boy student is very young. He won the game.

6．The town has become a famous city． He grew up in the town．

7．I spend my childhood in Suzhou． I have never been there again since I left．

8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter． He has not seen the girl for years．

9．Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist．

10．My uncle bought the bicycle last week． The bicycle has been stolen .


Part4名言警句中的定语从句
1. He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 人不自爱，焉能爱人？
2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。
3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 不犯错误的人一事无成。
4. All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。
5. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.
机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。
6. The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself. 唯一让我们恐惧的事就是恐惧本身.
7. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉

Part 5 课后拓展【自主学习】-----定语从句典型错误例析
1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片
[误] I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.
[正] I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.
[析] 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定语从句中充当 took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。
2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。
[误] The man is mending the car is my uncle.
[正] The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.
[析] 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为The man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短语mending the car作the man的后置定语。）
3. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？
[误] Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?
[正] Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?
[析] 若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语this kite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?
4. 她告诉我的就这些。
[误] This is all which she told me.
[正] This is all (that) she told me.
[析] 当先行词为all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可以译为This is what she told me.不过此时 what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。
5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。
[误] This is the problem about that we’ll talk tomorrow.
[正] This is the problem about which we’ll talk tomorrow.
[正] This is the problem (that/which) we’ll talk about tomorrow.
[析] “介词+关系代词}引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如look after, listen to 等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。
6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。
[误] The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.
[正] The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.
[析] 分析句意可知，building 和roof之间存在所属关系，故应用whose，whose在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与of which互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which （of which the roof ）can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.
7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。
[误] Which is very natural, man can’t live without air.
[正] Man can’t live without air, which/as is very natural.
[正] As is very natural, man can’t live without air.
[析] which/as都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。
8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。
[误] He was one of the students who was late this morning.
[正] He was one of the students who were late this morning.
[析] 在 “one of+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在 “the only one of+复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。
9. 我还记得我在北京度过的日子。
[误] I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.
[正] I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
[析] 定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为which, that, who, whom, as;如果缺少定语则用关系代词whose;如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when, where, why. 分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which 或that来引导定语从句。若把例句变为： I still remember the days __ I enjoyed myself in Beijing.则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词 when。
10. 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？
[误] Who is the man who sent you home last night?
[正] Who is the man that sent you home last night?
[析] 当主句为含有who/which的疑问句，关系代词用that，而不用who或which。如: Which is the book that you bought yesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？
11. 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。
[误] They talked about a lot of things and persons what/who/which they knew.
[正] They talked about a lot of things and persons that they knew.
[析] 先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导。What不可以引导定语从句。
12. 他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。
[误] They saw a film last night, that tells about the American Civil War.
[正] They saw a film last night, which tells about the American Civil War.
[析] that不能引导非限定性定语从句。
13. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。
[误] My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago.
[正] My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.
[析] 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只能用that。另外，先行词是there be 中的主语时，关系代词也常用that，口语中这两中情况的关系代词that也可以省略。如： There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.