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人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母E)学案
展开1. edge
n.边缘
关联词组:n the edge f…在……的边缘
熟词僻义:edge还可以用来表示“优势”,例如:cmpetitive edge竞争优势;常用于have an edge ver…的结构,表示“略胜一筹,比……更有优势”:
Yu have an edge ver yur cmpetitrs.你们比竞争对手有优势。
同义词:advantage n.优点,优势
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)T avid accidents, sme tramplines have 8 safety net arund them. Remember: whenever yu are n a trampline, be careful nt t jump near the edge f it.
2. educatin
n.教育,培养
关联词组:physical educatin=P.E.体育课,体育教育;higher educatin高等教育
词性转换:educate v.教育,培养;educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的
(2019,湖北卷,阅读B)
70. What wuld the writer prbably talk abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Advice n hw t sleep well. B. Ways f changing kids’ educatin.
C. The imprtance f sleeping well. D. Measures parents and schls shuld take
3. effrt
n.努力,艰难的尝试
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“作出努力”,通常用make an effrt这样的形式,其中an可换成anther/ne mre,every等;如果中间不使用限定词,则effrt需用复数,即make effrts:Yu must make effrts t achieve yur dream.你必须好好努力实现你的梦想。
eq \\ac(○,2)表示做某事的努力,通常在effrt后面接t d结构:He made every effrt t get it.他竭尽全力得到它。
eq \\ac(○,3)更多短语:spare n effrt不遗余力;withut effrt毫不费力
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)When there were n cmputers, effrts were required t get knwledge frm ther peple, r g t the library
4. electric
adj.电的,带电的,用电的
electric和electrical的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)electric指“电的,带电的,用电的”,被修饰的物体本身可带电,如electric guitar电吉他
eq \\ac(○,2)electrical指“与电有关的,电气科学的”,被修饰的对象本身不带电,如electrical engineer电气工程师
关联词组:electric car电车;electric pwer电功率,电源;electric system电力系统;electric energy电能
词性转换:electricity n.电,电流
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity.
5. encurage
v.鼓励
用法:encurage sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事
词性转换:curage n.勇气;encuragement n.鼓励;encuraging adj.鼓舞人心的
反义词:discurage v.阻止,使气馁
(2019,北京卷,阅读B)That encuraged Sally and she wrked even harder.
6. end
n.末尾,终点,结束;v.结束,终止
名词词组:in the end=at last=finally最后,终于;at the end f在……尽头;在……结束时;frm beginning t end自始至终;put an end t sth.结束(终止)某事;sth. cmes t an end某事结束了
动词词组:end in sth.以……为结尾;以……为结果;end up with/ding sth.最终成为……,最后处于……;以……告终
反义词:start,begin v.开始;beginning n.开始,起初
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided t eat sme f an American farmer's ptates.
7. energy
n.能量,能源;精力
关联词组:new energy新能源;clean energy清洁能源;save energy节约能源;full f energy充满活力
用法:put (all) sb’s energies int sth.表示“把某人的(全部)精力投入到某事中”;常和time并列使用:
She put all her energies int her wrk.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。
(2019,北京卷,完形)I dn’t regret putting time and energy int the electin because I’ve learned that things aren’t always ging the way I expect.
8. enjy
v.享受,喜欢
eq \\ac(○,1)enjy neself=have a gd time=have fun玩的开心,过的愉快;
eq \\ac(○,2)enjy ding sth.=like ding sth.喜欢做某事,乐于做某事;注意enjy后面不接动词不定式;
eq \\ac(○,3)通常enjy为及物动词,后面要接宾语。例外是在口语中可以说“Enjy!”,表示请对方好好享受(用)。
词性转换:enjyment n.享受,乐趣;enjyable adj.令人愉快的
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
2.- Sir, did yu enjy yur stay in ur________________?
- Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.
A. htelB. schlC. factryD. cmpany
9. enugh
adj.足够的,充分的;adv.足够地,充分地
eq \\ac(○,1)作形容词:可作为限定词修饰名词,要么修饰不可数名词,要么修饰可数名词复数;常用句式有:
enugh+名词+fr…或者enugh+名词+(fr sb.) t d sth.:
There is enugh fd fr all peple.有足够多的食物给所有人吃。
I have enugh time t finish the jb.我有充足的时间来完成这项工作。
eq \\ac(○,2)作副词:enugh要放在被修饰的形容词/副词之后;常用句式有:形容词/副词+enugh+(fr sb.) t d sth.:
This article is nt easy enugh fr yu t understand.这篇文章对你们来说太难理解了。
(2019,山东卷,词性转换)
62. The little by said, "I am ld enugh t take gd care f ____________."(my)
10. enter
v.进入;输入,登记
用法: eq \\ac(○,1)enter后面可接宾语,也可不接;通常不用被动语态; eq \\ac(○,2)还可用在与计算机相关的语境,表示“输入,登录,登记”; eq \\ac(○,3)enter fr表示“报名参加(考试、比赛)”。
词性转换:entrance n.进入;入口:N Entrance.禁止入内;entrance exam入学考试
同义词:enter=g int=get int
(2019,山东卷,阅读D)The smallest plastic particles can enter the bld, the lymphatic (淋巴)system, and may even reach the liver (肝脏)," said Philipp Schwabl, wh tk part in the research.
11. envirnment
n.环境
关联词组:natural envirnment自然环境;living/wrking/scial envirnment生活/工作/社会环境;prtect the envirnment保护环境
词性转换:envirnmental adj.环境的:envirnmentally friendly环保的
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)One basic law f psychlgical time is that time seems t slw dwn when we’re expsed(接触) t new envirnments and experiences.
12. especially
adv.特别,尤其
eq \\ac(○,1)especially在句中可修饰名词、动词、形容词、介词短语等,一般放在被修饰词的前面:It's very cld in winter, especially in Beijing.冬天很冷,尤其是在北京。
eq \\ac(○,2)especially在句中还可用来修饰状语从句:Sunglasses are very useful especially when the sun is strng.太阳镜非常有用,尤其是阳光很强的时候。
eq \\ac(○,3)especially在逻辑上已有极限意义,故无比较等级。
易混单词:specially adv.特别地;特意,专门:He bught the flwer specially fr her.他特意为她买了鲜花。
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)The audience fund this annuncement especially ____13____ and started t thrw even mre mney nt the stage.
13. A. funnyB. luckyC. helpfulD. painful
13. every
adj.每一,每个的
用法:every表示“每个”,其后通常接可数名词单数,一般不接名词复数或不可数名词。
every和each的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)every只能做形容词,而且each还可以用作代词,直接充当主语或者宾语。
eq \\ac(○,2)二者均指“每个”,但every侧重全体;而each侧重各个个体,比较:
I knw every member f the class.全班的人我都认识。(概括全体)
I knw each member f the class.这个班的每个人我都认识。(“个别”意义更重。)
eq \\ac(○,3)every指三个或以上的“每个”,不能指两者中的“每个”;each则可以,如:
误:There are trees n every side f the rad.
正:There are trees n each side f the rad.
关联单词:everybdy/everyne prn.每人,人人;everyday adj.每日的,日常的;everything prn.每件事,事事;everywhere adv.到处
(2019,北京卷,单项填空)
7.Sam with his friends every weekend.
A. skatesB. is skatingC. has skatedD. was skating
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
7.The instructins tell us everything ____________ abut hw t make the mdel ship.
A. by handB. by chanceC. in detailD. in persn
14. examine
v.检查,调查
近义词:check v.检查,核对
词性转换:examinatin n.检查,调查;(=exam)考试:final examinatin期末考试;examinatin paper考试卷;entrance examinatin入学考试;take an examinatin参加考试
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)The students tk a science exam befre the study. After the six-week study, they tk anther.
15. example
n.例子,榜样
关联词组:fr example例如;give an example举例;take…fr example以……为例子;set an example (fr…)(为……)树立榜样
fr example和such as的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)fr example是列举整体之中的一个为例,常用作插入语,用逗号与主句隔开,example之后也需要逗号;其位置常常在句首,也可以置于句中、句末。如:
Nise, fr example, is a kind f pllutin as well.噪音,打个比方,也是一种污染。
eq \\ac(○,2)such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物作为例子,一般用逗号和主句隔开,但such as之后无逗号,直接跟名词或名词性短语。如:
Sme classmates f mine, such as Lucy, Lily, Jim are very generus.我的一些同学,如露西,李丽,吉姆都是很慷慨的人。
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)Fr example, n the way hme, fcus yur attentin utside f yurself, instead f thinking abut the prblems yu have t deal with.
16. excite
v.使兴奋,使激动
用法:常用语be excited ding/t d sth.,或者be excited abut/at…,表示“兴奋”、“激动”的原因。
词性转换:
exciting adj.令人激动的:通常是指某物令人兴奋激动,对应副词是excitingly
excited adj.兴奋的,激动的:指的是某人感觉到兴奋或激动,对应副词是excitedly
excitement n.兴奋,刺激,令人兴奋的事物
(2019,山东卷,阅读D)My grandmther is ging t be 100 years ld in June. She’s very excited because she’s ging t get a special letter frm the Queen.
17. exercise
v.锻炼,运动;n.运动;练习;体操
eq \\ac(○,1)名词exercise表示“锻炼,运动”时,为不可数名词:d/take exercise做运动/锻炼身体
eq \\ac(○,2)名词exercise表示“体操,练习”时,为可数名词,常用复数形式:d mrning/eye exercises做早操/眼保健操
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
21. Tennis can exercise all f ur muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________t spend time with thers. This is gd fr ur health t.
A. urs B. us C. we
18. expect
v.期望;预料,预期
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)expect t d sth.期望做某事;expect sb./sth. t d sth.期望……做某事
eq \\ac(○,2)expect+ that从句,或者常用作:It is expected that…预计……:
It is expected that the weather will be gd sn.估计天气很快会好起来。
词性转换:expectatin n.期待,指望;expected adj.预期的,预料的(副词expectedly):as expected不出所料,正如预期;unexpected adj.出乎意外的(副词unexpectedly)
(2019年,北京卷,完形)I dn’t regret putting time and energy int the electin because I’ve learned that things aren’t always ging the way I expect.
19. expensive
adj.昂贵的,价格高的
用法:expensive表示“贵”时,主要用于说明具体的事物,而不能用来形容price。试比较:
误:The price f the cat is t expensive.
正:The price f the cat is t high.
正:The cat is t expensive.
词性转换:expensively adv.昂贵地;expense n.花费,费用
近义词:dear=cstly=pricey
反义词:cheap=inexpensive adj.便宜的,廉价的;
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
30. Hw can we d tramplining safely?
A. Buy an expensive trampline.B. Jump in the center f a trampline.
C. Chse a trampline withut a net.D. Lse weight befre starting tramplining.
20. experience
n.经验;经历;v.经历
关联词组:by experience凭经验;wrking experience工作经验;rich experience丰富的经验;past experience过去的经验
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)experience表示“经验,体验”时,为不可数名词:She had n experience f life at all.她毫无生活经验。
eq \\ac(○,2)experience表示“经历,阅历”时,为可数名词:Tell us abut yur experiences in Africa.给我们讲讲你在非洲的经历。
(2019年,北京卷,阅读A)It was a lifetime experience. I was able t experience Chinese living and culture frm basic Tai Chi t Beijing Opera.
21.explain
v.解释,说明
用法:常用句式为explain sth. t sb.向某人解释某事;explain +that从句;explain后面也可以接反身代词,即explain neself,表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”或“解释自己的行为”。
词性转换:explanatin n.解释,说明(注意:explain变名词,并不是直接加-atin)
(2019年,山东卷,完形)
T shw the respect, it may be ____12____ t explain what the gift is.
12. A. necessaryB. carefulC. cmfrtable
22. express
v.表达,表述
关联词组:express neself表达自己的思想;express thanks t sb.向某人表达感谢
熟词僻义:n.快递;快速:express way快车道,高速路;express train快速列车;by express通过快递邮寄
词性转换:expressin n.表达;表情:facial expressin面部表情;beynd expressin无法表达,形容不出
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
21. Why des the writer qute(引用) a stry in Paragraph 3?
A. T explain Africans like sweets.B. T shw examples are nt enugh-
C. T make the writer's pinin clearer.D. T express happiness is frm children.
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