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人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母BC)学案
展开1. backgrund
n. 背景
关联词组:educatin backgrund教育背景;family backgrund家庭背景;backgrund music背景音乐
用法:既可以指图画、舞台等的实体背景,也可以表示某个人的出身背景、学历等。
(2019,江苏卷,短文填空)I had a t 48 educatin backgrund. I went t public schls, received nrmal (常规的) educatin and was required t fllw r 49 like every ther student..
2. basic
adj.基本的,基础的
关联词组:basic infrmatin基本信息
词性转换:basis n.基础;basically adv.基本上,主要地
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)
32. The wrd "cllapse" in Paragraph 5 prbably means “____________”.
A a sudden failureB. the basic rule
C. a disappinting startD. the gradual develpment
3. beat
vt.敲打;打败;vi.跳动;n.节拍
词形变化:过去式beat;过去分词beaten
关联词组:beat the drum打鼓;be beaten by sb.被某人打了;输给了某人
(2019,湖南卷,语篇翻译)D yu enjy hitting the bks? It desn’t mean yu enjy beating yur bks with yur hand.
4. begin
v. 开始,着手
词形变化:过去式began;过去分词begun;现在分词beginning
关联词组:begin with以……开始,开始于……
用法:begin ding sth.和begin t d sth.都表示“开始做某事“,它们的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)begin ding强调事情的持续性。例如:He began smking three years ag.他三年前开始抽烟(强调一种持续的习惯)。
eq \\ac(○,2)begin t d表示一件事情的开端,持续与否不重要。例如:It’s beginning t rain, we’d better hurry up.开始下雨了,我们最好快点。
同义词:start
词性转换:beginning n.起初,开始:in the beginning=at first起初,开始;at the beginning f…在……的开头;frm beginning t end从开始到结束
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
I began making new friends. I develped my wn ___23___ and never again fllwed the crwd.
23. A. skillsB. habitsC. prjectsD. pinins
5. behaviur
n. 行为,举止
美式拼写:behavir
关联词组:gd/bad behaviur良好/恶劣行为
词性转换:behave v.表现,举止
(2019,湖南卷,阅读A)
49.Accrding t Patrick, what is mre imprtant?
A.Managing schls by unifrms.
B.Imprving students’ behavirs.
C.Helping students express themselves cnfidently.
6. believe
v. 相信,认为
关联词组:believe it r nt信不信由你;it is (widely) believed that…人们(普遍)认为……
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)believe是状态动词,通常不用于进行时态。
eq \\ac(○,2)believe sb.相信某人说的话;believe in sb.相信某人的人品;believe in sth.信仰……;believe还可以接that或者wh-从句。
eq \\ac(○,3)可以用I believe s或I believe nt作为对问题的肯定或否定回答。
(2019,山东卷,单项填空)
20. A recent survey shws that 44 percent f Americans want t use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the rads mre dangerus.
A. althugh B. because C. if
7. beside
prep. 在……旁边,靠近
近义词:near,next t
易混单词:besides prep.除……以外(还有);adv.此外,而且
(2019,江苏卷,阅读表达) I g fr lng runs and bike rides beside the beach. An hur f exercise after a lng day f writing gives me energy.
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
Mrs. Chaplin managed t ___1___ her children, her wn with the mney she made as a singer.
___2___, their ecnmic(经济的) situatin changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.
1. A. supprtB. leaveC. askD. face
2. A. AlthughB. SC. HweverD. Besides
8. beynd
prep. (表示位置)在……的那边
关联词组:beynd reach够不着
用法:beynd通常用作介词用,表示位置,意思是“在……的那一边;在……之外;在更远处”。例如:
What lies beynd the muntains?山的那一边有什么?
The sea is beynd that hill.大海在山的那边。
(2019,江苏卷,完形)
Why is Sng He Lu s special ___14___ hundreds f restaurants?
14. A. betweenB. againstC. amngD. beynd
9. birth
n.出生,诞生
关联词组:give birth t生下……;date/year f birth出生日期/年份;place f birth出生地
关联词汇:birthday n.生日;brn:be brn in/n出生于某年/某天;be动词要求使用过去式形式。
(2019,江苏卷,阅读B)
24. Accrding t Paragraph 1, cakes and ice-cream are mentined t describe ____________.
A. the birth f chickensB. the difference between them
C. the use f eggsD. the way f keeping them
10. blind
adj. 瞎的,失明的;盲目的
关联词组:g/becme blind眼瞎,失明;clur blind色盲;blind date相亲
词性转换:blindly adv. 盲目地;blindness n.失明,盲目
(2019,湖北卷,完形)
A blind man has n idea f day and night, can’t 44 the beauty f nature, r even desn't knw what the light is.
44. A. hear B. enjy C. tuch D. play
11. blw
v. 吹,吹气;刮风
词形变化:过去式blew,过去分词blwn
关联词组:blw up爆炸;blw ff吹落,吹掉;blw ut吹灭,吹熄;blw dwn吹倒
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)Als, wind desn’t blw all the time, s we can’t use wind pwer all the time.
12. brrw
v. 借,(向别人)借用
关联词组:brrw sth frm sb. 向某人借某物
反义词:lend v.借出,借给:lend sth. t sb=lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)Culd yu help me pick ut sme new clthes? Wuld yu mind if I brrwed yur bike? Can yu lk after my apartment while I’m away?
13. break
v. 打破(断、碎);损坏;违背
词形变化:过去式brke,过去分词brken
关联词组:break ne’s arm/leg摔断胳膊/腿;break the law违法;break dwn分解,发生故障;break up打碎,分手(with sb.);break int破门而入;break ff折断
熟词僻义:break n.间歇,休息;中断:take/have a break休息一下
(2019,山东卷,动词应用) The plice said that bth Liu and Ran had brken criminal law by seriusly endangering (危及) public safety.
14. breath
n.呼吸,气息
关联词组:ut f breath喘不上气;take a deep breath深呼吸;hld ne’s breath屏住呼吸;take ne’s breath away使人大吃一惊,令人叹绝
词性转换:breathe v.呼吸 breathless adj.上气不接下气的
(2019,浙江卷,语法填空) As he cughed and struggled t breathe, he jumped up and ____56____, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!”
15. build
v.建筑,造
词形变化:过去式built,过去分词built
关联词组:build up增进,加强
名词:building n.建筑物,房屋,大楼
(2019,北京卷,完形)
And mments f failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned t face disappintment and grwn strnger.
20. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. supprt
16. burn
v.着火,燃烧;使晒黑
词形变化:过去式burned或burnt,过去分词burned或burnt
关联词组:burn ut烧尽,燃尽
(2019,浙江卷,语法填空) Hwever, as sn as he started eating, his muth began ____54____ (burn), his eyes began t water, and his whle face became as red ____55____ the fruit.
17. business
n.生意;商业;业务
关联词组:business card名片;d business做生意;nne f ne’s business不归某人管,与某人无关
关联单词:businessman/businesswman n.做生意的人,商人
(2019,浙江卷,语法填空)
All f us have _____59_____ (spend) mney and time n smething一maybe a relatinship, r a business, r a jb一and smetimes, even if we knw there's n hpe that things will change, we still cntinue with it.
18. call
v.(给……)打电话;称呼;叫;n.电话;呼叫
关联词组:
eq \\ac(○,1)动词短语:call fr要求,需要;提倡;call ff=cancel取消;call back回电;叫回,收回;call up打电话;召集;征召(入伍)call n/upn呼吁,号召;拜访
eq \\ac(○,2)名词短语:make a (telephne) call打电话;give sb. a call给某人打电话
(2019年,浙江卷,词汇运用)Lydia runs and picks up rubbish alng the way. What she des is called "plgging", an activity cmbining cllecting rubbish with running
19. cancel
v. 取消,撤销
关联词组:cancel buttn取消按钮
词形变化:过去式canceled或cancelled,过去分词canceled或cancelled,过去分词canceling或cancelling
近义词:call ff
易混单词:cancer n.癌症
(2019年,江苏卷,词汇运用)
37. -The plan fr summer study trip may be ______________ (cancel).
- Really? I'm lking frward t it.
20. capital
n. 首都,省会;资本;大写字母;adj.首都的,省会的;资本的;大写的
关联词组:capital city省会城市;capital letter大写字母
易混单词:captain n.船长,队长;(海军)上校
(2019年,山东卷,单项填空)
16. Berlin is _________capital f Germany.
A./ B. a C. the
21.careful
adj.小心的,谨慎的;仔细的
eq \\ac(○,1)Be careful!用作祈使句,意思是“小心!”,表示提醒
eq \\ac(○,2)be careful f (abut)…表示“当心,留意”
eq \\ac(○,3)be careful with表示做某事很小心或仔细
词性转换:carefully adv.小心地,仔细地;carefulness n.小心,仔细;care v.在乎;关心
反义词:careless adj.粗心大意的;漫不经心的
(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)
The hst usually makes full ____14____ by carefully tidying up the huse and _____15_____ a lt f delicius dishes.
14 A. plansB. decisinsC. preparatins
15. A. enjyingB. ckingC. washing
22. catch
v.&n.赶上;抓住,捕捉
词形变化:过去式caught,过去分词caught
关联词组:catch up (with)赶上,追上;catch a cld感冒了;catch fire着火;catch ne’s breath喘气
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
6. “Put n yur cat, yu will catch a cld!” This is what my mum ften says t me.
A. andB. butC. rD. s
23. cause
v.引起,导致
关联词组:cause truble惹麻烦
用法:cause sb./sth. t d sth.使得……做某事;常用语被动语态:sth. is caused by…某事是由……引起的
(2019年,江苏卷,动词应用)The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 peple n the bus.
24. celebrate
v.庆祝
关联词组:celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节
词性转换:celebratin n.庆祝,庆典
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
38. I plan t g abrad t celebrate my twentieth birthday in ___________ (八月) .
25. centre
n.中心,中央
美式拼写:center
关联词组:shpping centre购物中心;in the centre f…处于……的中心
词性转换:central adj.中心的,中枢的
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
30. Hw can we d tramplining safely?
A. Buy an expensive trampline.B. Jump in the center f a trampline.
C. Chse a trampline withut a net.D. Lse weight befre starting tramplining.
26. century
n.世纪,百年
用法:一般放在序数词的后面,表示第几个世纪,如二十一世纪:the 21st century
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读C)The radi telescpe thus appeared, and it is cnsidered ne f the greatest inventins in the twentieth century.
27. certain
adj. 确定的,无疑的,一定会
关联词组:t a certain degree/extent一定程度上;fr certain肯定,确定,无疑
用法:be certain that确定,肯定;be certain f/abut sth.肯定(确信)某事;be certain t d sth.一定/确定做某事;be certain f ding sth.有把握做某事
词性转换:certainly adv.当然 certainty n.确定性;确实的事
同义词:sure adj.一定的,确信的
(2019年,北京卷,阅读C)T a certain degree, we can understand and cntrl ur experience f time passing.
28. chance
n. 机会;可能性
关联词组:by chance=by accident偶然;by any chance万一;take ne’s chance碰运气;give sb. a chance给某人一次机会;the chances are that…可能……
(2019年,北京卷,完形)
Since I was ___15___prepared, I felt that my chances f winning were strng.
15. A. fullyB. quicklyC. freshlyD. physically
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